University of South Carolina Libraries
Agricultural Small Grain. ' 'When and How to Sow Oats and Wheat ; also, Clover and Grasses?The | Practical Experience of One of Lancaster's Most Sue-! cessful Farmers. Mr. Editor: Realizing the importance of a s 111 a 11 grain crop to this country, 1 am going to give you a few points on the preparation, seeding, fertilizing etc. I might say in the begin liiug that some of my neighbors and myself that sowed our grain at the proper time with a two horse grain drill and fertilized with commercial fertilizer, made a splendid crop of grain. Nearly all of us had oats that made 50 bushels to the acre. 1 had wheat that made 30 bushels, buf mv main crop made about 15 hushels to the acre. In the first place, oats should he sown in the month of Oct.. if possible. The first of Nov. will do, but - there is danger of winter freezing. The land should he well plowed, (t two horse plow is preferable) then harrow smooth and sow your grain with a drill if possible. The buckeye gives the best satisfaction, lie should apply for worn upland at least 300 lbs. guano per acre, either soluble guano or acid and meal. 2 ol acid to 1 of meal. Sow Irom 2l to 4 bushels of oats and from 1 to 1A bushels of whea', owing to strength of land. Never wait until spring to sow if it can be avoided, as they are too uncertain. Wheat can be sown up to 15 of Nov. but is better sown earlier. Now why should we sow grain? 1st because our lands are being exhausted from being run in cotton so long. We should follow grain with cow peas, which I think add $5.00 to the acre in value lor the next cotton crop. Did you ever think of the amount of money that is spent lor oats alone? I hear it is an enormous sum. Some one will say, would sow grain but 1 can't get it cut/' Do like the rest of us did : (io to the L. M. C. Co., and buy a binder to cut it with and you will never allow this question to bother you any longer. 1 will say right here that a binder will save enough that a cradle will waste to pay lor cutting. You must prepare the land lor it to do its work right. II our1 people would sow the grain that they should do, it would put cotton acreage to tiie rig'ni place and we would get more money for our cotton then than we do now. We could also do with less labor, which seems is a problem now. There are a lot ot people who ask me when to sow clover, grass, etc. Now is the time,with this season in the ground is best, but you can sow until about 20 Oct. Grass and clover must be sowed with enough moisture in the ground to bring it up or you will make a failure. On pe? stubble is a good place to sow. Unless land is naturally rich, it must be well manured. Department. Stable manure is best, it you have it; if not, use a complete fertilizer. J'o those who wane a place to graze, sow Wood's grass mixture, but it should not be grazed the first year. J. E. Craig. Oct. 4. 1006. Growing Wheat on a Small Farm. Progressive Farmer. Wheat is to follow the com teud. If corn Jwas shocked on the land, you may leave shock rows when preparing field for wheat. Sow them later in wheat if you cau. If tops only were shocked on grouud, g0t them off as soon as you can so as to get ready for wheat. You must try to sow early, as soon as danger of the fly has passed. It is best to be ready to sow as soon as a killing frost has come, if this is not before the second week in October, provided you are in the Piedmont section of North Carolina; that is, from the mountains eastward for about one hundred miles. PRBI'ARK LAND WKLL. Your wheat crop will depend much on a proper preparation of the ground. If corn was well cultivated and did not get grassy _ 1 I A 1 Hirer laving ov ine corn, ?ou may do better not to plow for wheat. Just tear up surface with cultivators and harrows and sow with a wheat drill. It you could hire someone to disc harrow land for wheat, it might pay you to do so. If you have two good horses you can use the disc harrow yourself. In disc harrowing for wheat, the field should tie cut up angling across the corn rows and then cross disced the other way. Then a discj wheat drill will put wheat in all right. don't have soil too loose But if ground is hard, or not free from trash, you may need to plow for wheat. If so, do not plow deep, and after plowing harrow and drag or roll the land well before sowing. I advise you to have a heavy land roller if you can. At least use a heavy drag to mash clods and to make soil smooth and firm or well packed. Wheat will not do well if sown in loose soil. If you use a grain drill, you may bo successful any way if you prepare land well and harrow or cultivate the wheat into ground. what kim) of kkktli.i/kk wheat dem asus. If you manured for corn, and if you had a good growth of peas, fertilize wheat with a compound of acid and potash, about 10 per cent of acid and '2 ri*?r con I nf potash, using two to four hundred pounds? to the acre. If you use much, put on the land before you sow wheat. If land had no manure,and isjnot a heavy growth of peas, and is not very rich, then use a fertilizer containing acid, ammonia and potash. Two to four hundred pounds of goods, analyzing 8 per cent of acid, 2 per cent of ammonia and 2 per cent of potash should be used to the acre. A richer fertilizer, though costing more, would pay better in the end. For seed wheat use grain free of cockle and any kind of trash. Look after your seed wheat, as for every crop, from year to year. Hreaded Fulcaster and Everett's High (trade are good varieties of wheat. Recluse. Sylvan Retreat. N. C. . . ? . . Dairying and Land Fertility. It is a well noted fact that ( land constantly improves under the influence and practice ofj dairying. What is grown on the I land is largely returned to it by cow feeding. This is quite fully ( shown in some European countries. It is said that in the dairy countries there, the land grows I better crops than it did 50 years ago. Denmark is the best example of this. Thirty years ago agriculture there was at a low ebb,? the people were coming to Amer- I ica in swarms. Now, after their dairy industry has been built up, very few are leaving home, and the Danish farmers appear to he the most intelligent and the moet 1 nrninornim 1 n u 11 ITnrnna Wk.t vw^vi WM17 <ll Mil AJUi WpUl ?? un I has been said above in regard ?o the increase in fertility in soil is also true of Germany, Switzerland, the Channel Islands and ' the dairying parts of England. The same is true in this country where dairying has become the leading industry, as shown in Northern Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin. How to Cure the Pea Hay. The best stage for hay is as some pods are turning brown. There are several ways of sue- I cessfully saving the hay. Consid ering amount of labor and other things for my own use, I would as lief risk the following plan as any 1 know of: After mowing let lie undisturbed several days or week, longer if it is cloudy or rainy. You need not wait for stems to get dried up. As soon as they get so that juice does not ooze from them when a bunch is twisted with your hands, you can safely store it away. Don't haul up when moist with rain or dew. Rake into windrows no more at a time than you expect to take in or stack before danger of rain. If put into a stack it should be kept nearly perpendicular, should be small in diameter, but tall and should be topped out with something that will turn rain better than peavine hay will. J prefer for hay that there I should be a growth of crab grass 1 with the peas. This you are j likely to have if you sow only a busheljof peas to the acre. Keed pea hay sparingly, if at all, until after it had cured itself thorjoughly in the barn or on the I stack and has 110 heat about it. I You need not mind its getting I warm after putting up ; just lot j jit alone; it will do well if not ( ! disturbed. You should not depend entire- 1 ly on pea roughness for stock, j even if it has crab grass with it. | Stock may eat more pea hay than I is best, if given exclusively or | too freely. If you can have noth- , ; in* better, use straw for part of j the bulk feed. If fed judicious ly there is nothing better for I stock than good peavine hay. ' You should cut down grain teed when feeding pea hay freely, es pecially if there are many peas with the hay.?"Kecluse" in Progressive Farmer. i I Thfl MflWC I:>oeH ,Iol) Minting j lllCUCnO for others. Why |can't we do yours ?*?|? ? ? ?mt \ Peoples Supply Co. | N As the name implies J J Can furnish >our supplies. ^ ^ We are going to keep almost everything, and what we ^ K haven't got will order for you. We want your trade, your m M good will, your friendship, and if reasonable prices, cour- M W teous treotnient and appreciation ot your favors will win ^ W them we will sure have them. Misses Lula Lindsay and ^ Maggie Hood are in charge of the Ladies' Dress Goods ^ j and Notion Departments. Messrs. Albert Blakeney and l J Hon Welsh of the Clothing, Shoes, and Guits' Furnishing J Goods department ; and Messrs. Sistare, Hilton and FunM derburk in the grocery and hardware. Our corps of clerks, M m as you readily see, insures kind and courteous treatment. ^ Bargains! Bargains! < For the next ten days we throw on our middle counters ^ the stoek of Dry (ioods, Notions, Clothing, Shoes, Men's W Shirts, etc., bought of Carnes Bros., to be sold at a big ^ sacrifice in order to make room for our nice fall goods jf which are daily arriving. ? Peoples Supply Co. j JNO. A. COOK, Manager. ^ S * Always Buy at the Cheapest Place. A DOLLAR SAVED IS A DOLLAR MADE We have just received a car of the wonderful MAGNOLIA < Hour, which we offer for only $2.20 per 98 lbs. standard weight. A complete line of Groceries. Everything fresh and new. We will at any time take pleasure in waiting on you. Always your money's worth. Remember we have a nice fine of Notions' and Dress Hats, Shoes and better Shoes. Did You Hear What Mr. Williams said to Mr. Steele about Mr. Small? Said that Mr. Usher told Mr. Porter heard Mr. Jackson went to Mr. Sowell and Mr. Gardner told Mr. Caskey that he saw Mr. Perry purchase that fine pair of stylish dress parade shoes, sold by E. A. Thompson Two Doors Below Old IV O. A ===== "The Old Reliable." U 5 THE BANK OF LANCASTER, Lancaster. S.C. ^ S CAPITAL $50,000.00. ? fl SURPLUS $50,000.00. K Ix>ans made on Real Estate, at reasonable rates. A li Collections given prompt and careful attention. ^ ^ Interest allowed on time deposits.. ^ S Your business solicited. The oldest, the largest and |1 the strongest Bank in Lancaster county. jg Dr. J. E. WELSH, Dr. R. G. ELLIOTT, dentist. Lancaster, S. C. Office over Williams-HughesCo's Keaidenc* 'phone. No. 1S7. Office, Store, formerly occupied by Dr. iJJeet?"'>hon?'No%?ain *?d r>unlap [{. M. Galloway. Will practice in both town and count amca ct l?' t? q p ; a11 cai is, day or nig tit, will re1..AINC, Aol r*U, o. ceive prompt attention. V