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Founded 1908 Friday fl Volume 79, No. 19 University ooM-i. < aroiina October 3. 1986 i * Professors say race, class may bias IQ scores By BUDDY MOORE News editor Washington University psychology professoi Robert Williams doesn't have much faith in stan dardized IQ tests. The first black to receive a doctorate from Washington University, he scored 82 on an IQ test in high school and was advised to enter a technical school. "I was told to become a brick layer or go to air conditioning school," he said in a phone interview from the St. Louis university. He is amona a number of psychologists who state IQ tests alone do not measure intelligence. "IQ is not a measure of intelligence, but a score on a test," Williams said. "Some equate IQ with in^ telligence, but it's not the same." W "The tests don't measure learning ability, but what someone has learned up to a point," he said. Race and class factors bring a certain amount of bias into the tests, he said. "I could ask certain questions that whites can't answer. It's not because they're not intelligent, but because they're not exposed to that information." When given tests that aren't culturally biased, black children score as well as white ones. said Williams, who said he did such a study for his master's thesis. Williams has developed a test for blacks, called the Black Intelligence Test on Cultural Homogeneity. 0 A recent study by two Johns Hopkins University professors states that blacks tend to score 18 points lnu/Ar nn I tnrfr nn/l ^ L ' 1 ~ 1 - ivf?vi VII Ay anu II^V,U iu IU MIIUUI HJIlgCI IU get comparable educations as a result. An article about the study, which was conducted by professors Linda Ciotttredson and Rabat Goi don, appeared in The Gamecock Wednesday. "IQ tests don't account for all things when con sidering intelligence," said USC psychology Professor Kichaid Naglc. who specializes in psychological testing. "They measure some aspects, but not all." " crnrpc arp laro^Kr Kac??/^ ?v uwv/1 vu WI v IU15VI; UUOVU Mil niiai 3 ILai IILU. Certain cultural groups have not had the opportuui ty to learn certain information needed on the test. That's when ethnic and cultural influence comes into play," he said. To overcome some of these aspects, multiple tests should be given, Nagle said, noting childrens' social behavior or school functioning should be considered. "There are many other sources of influence on school performance beyond 1Q tests that would predict school success," he said, citing motivation or interest as examples. Nagle said tests should be checked on two dimensions: reliability and validity. A reliable test is one on which people will receive comparable scores il taken at different times. A valid test is one that corresponds to predeter mined external critera, such as school success in this case, he said. "The main issue for these tests is how they are us ed for educational decisions," he said. "IQ onl> provides one source of information. "There arc a multitude of reasons why a child fails or is successful in school." Williams said he became interested in the field ol tuvrhnlnov u/hf?n thinlfino ahnut hiv r\\un <?v. H I J OJ ......J, uuuu> * * ' ' """ v/l perience. "How could an 82 IQ person become sc successful?" he said. He said he has written a book the language oi blacks, called ebonies. For example, in ebonies, "TC B" means "taking care ot business." and <w "allev annle" is a brii-k he ?;awl Reliability of drug By PAGE IVEY enforcement ol Nsws roporter laws. ^ I r ! A ft- ! J _ I j invitMuii ui privacy anu assum- nc saiu omc ^ ed guilt were just a few of the pointed, shoul topics discussed Wednesday for three main when the Athenian Literary and voluntarily put Debating Society debated position; they "Resolved: Drug testing should trust; and they be mandatory for all government pact on publit officials." action would in officials piovi Jeffrey Kahrs, an alumnus drug test and member of the Athenian Society, follow only if t argued in iavor 01 ine resolution. to seek help tor In his opening speech, Kahrs said Kahrs said, the resolution dealt not with the Steve Bates, moral aspects of drugs, but the of the Americ | Kickoff ft Sterlina Shame leads Gamecocks Kil with six scores . 1 EMM r K^|H^^hPPPRi ^ r-i,.'..r Pf ' " > V?* (I K ^ZjD HR iPHta.;'; Breadcicles Tammy Fai r, a journalism junior, makes CPU,"which wilfeba held tonight in the Professors i t By BRENDA BLYTH > News reporter White as well as black South Africans are confused about the crisis caused by apartheid, according to a USC professor who spent two months there this summer. "There is little or no trust for ? government. Probably blacks will never trust the government," said Mark Delanccy of the government ' and international studies department. Delancey and Assistant History ' Professor Ron Atkinson, who also lived in South Africa this summer, spoke to students in Gambrell Hall Wednesday on their perceptions oi > the country. Black South Africans think the ' government has done nothing signifi rant fr\r lllAm inn ta vuin v/i iiiwiii | uvv\/i uiiig v w i>viciiivv v > For example, the government has pio vided rights that should have beer testing questio f the present drug Union in Colur against the reso ' ? >/! v.vvivu v/1 "}' Ills .">1UC 1)1 d take drug tests distinguishing ids reasons: they have from diug abuse. I themselves in the ed the reliability ol hold the public ing food substanc have a direct im- results. ; safety. Punitive Dt be taken against According to t ng positive on a juana usei can test Hicmiccul ~ -4*? - IU wv uay5> anci u he official refused and a cocaine i his drug problem, positive after aboi executive director This resolutioi :an Civil Liberties down 22 to four Soccer ti I Bands to * f && iBjk Bi(ff?^ <Uj ipp THOMAS HOMPHREYlThe G? I oast un a Stick for students to promote "Late Nig Russell House. discuss apa theirs already, such as the right to own land and freedom to travel. The government, however, still withholds citizenship and voting privileges, he said. Few whites could imagine life without apartheid and saw no alternative to it, Delancey said. But "there are a number of whites who see the I need for change and accept it and are prepared to have black or Indian neighbors," he said. "In a sense, many of the white population is way ahead of the government in terms of understanding the problems." "Of all th(? fnnnlrinc I hum \nr\rV s\A in, South Africa seems to have the most opportunity to grow ? for ; economic growth and political stabili ty ? if they can settle racial differences," Delancey said Delancey said nt thinks the tailuie i of whites to sec black wants and needs ned ;!^p ? ? nbia, argued T4^;;' 'lution. Bates ^ -* the debate by r V;*. ^ ual drug use Hie also attack ^ . Jates, a mari nAh i rpositive for 20 & ising ihe drug, I user will test ?' ? it three days. . V - ? 11 was voted ? _ ** jam wins oIIWIHI1 WlHWWilfiH lliyilt I III IIIMII narfnrm tnninl B JJ " | Alcohol policy ^ Officials * complaii >r hBy JENNIFER STEIB Photo editor Sa lew years ago, U5C ottieia were glad to see students drinkii instead ot smoking marijuana said a univeisity admimstratnr Bui inui mood has change and a new campus alcohol poli< forbids drinking beer, wine, ar distilko ^iin.i except durir speeded lunc> and places. "You can nave a party any d; of the week, you just can drink '' llc^n nf SfnHnnt I i Jerry Brewer said at a workshk for students concerning alcoho ^ About 30 students came to tl HBP- workshop Wednesday night the Russell House theater to off WW recommendations and opinioi to university administrators. Sti dent Government President An Houser gave suggestions c behalf of students. Houser proposed the 01 campus party hour end at 2 a.r instead of 1 a.m. as it does no\ "If parties end at 2 a.m. when tl bars close, students will not 1 forced to leave campus drink," she said. | The foremost concerns amoi Students at the workshnn the prohibition of drinking ^ parties during the week and "i vasion of privacy" involvii alcohol in the dormitories. "S meone in our donn thought t KA's weren't doing a vei> got job, so they chccked oui towi imucuck ancj ou, duffel bags 1 ihi thai s an invasion ?jI uIixkv ht with <?aid Mary Snowdon, a Kap Delta pledge. "They go throuj our grocery bags, I mean wher rtheid, Soul in South Africa is much like the con dition of 1940 white America. Blacks have amazing goodwill and a strong desire to work toward an in legrateci society through peaceful means and not violence, he said. "The current crisis in South Africa docs not reflect a revolutionary situation, nor is it likely to be in the foreseeable future," Atkinson said. Long-term opposition to current government policies is at the root of South Africa's problems, according to Atkinson. He said the crisis started 10 years ago when black children in townships refused to accept an in ferior education. Blacks are forced to live outside the cities in townships where the govern ment appoints black officials to govern them. Recently, a breakdown of government control has occurred in the ^ r 1 D. 71 Classified h r | Cuiuits.. Features I Kickoff it o. 3 5 frnsfr"01 I Viewpoini ; receive nts, views go shopping 1 don't want them to go through it (the bags) in front Is of everyone," she said. ig a, The new law has also affected I .ii : ? ? i: i - * ?* hj(.ui uuMncsbes iikc me itacusson :d Hotel, the American Legion on :y Pickens Street, and the National id Guard armory on Bluff Road, lg which no longer pciu.it students to use their facilites toi parties, ly formals or mixers 1't Because of the drinking-age infe crease, more bars arc providing >p entertainment without alcohol, 1 according to Mike Shaver, director of the Campus Alcohol and ic Drug Education Program. in er "The university is planning to IS rrcatP n cnrinl (.nuirnnmont nn ii- campus to let students interact ly and have parties that are not >n alcoholic," Brewer said. "We will do this by utilizing that whole n- wing of the Russell House behind n. the Gamecock Snack Bar and v. have the whole area to do this tie kind of thing." DC to Houser said she was disappointed with the lack of attendance at the workshop. "If we ig are going to get anything acre complished, we have to woik at together," she said, n- Shaver, the administration and ng students wrote the Dolicv that o- went into effect Aug 15 he Section L of the polity atjd traded the most attention during ;ls the meeting li states that parties uk with alcohol can only take place on Hidd) and vuuidaj nights, pa they can last only four hours, and gh students are limited to one guest 1 I per event. th Africa townships, Delancey said. Other blacks tend to distrust the black officials because they are government appointed. Blacks have started to appoint their own officals and discredit the government appointees. The government has responded to the breakdowns with violent repression, Delancey said. For example, in 1984 the number of police detentions increased 200 percent from the previous year. Police have held people without charge indefinitely, according to Delancey. "It makes you wonder if the government is not trying to force a revolution so that the military can totally eliminate the opposition." Another reason for crisis is the decline of world demand and prices for South African exports such as coal, iron and gold, while South African imports continue to increase. Movin' on up V A child climbs on the ' playground equipment at the 3 Kampus Kiddie Day Care ^ Center, located near tho Blatt PE Center. Faculty. staff and students may use the center which will celebrate its 20th anniver sary in March. ROBERT GONZALES/ The Gamecock Inside s b 5 4 3 6 7 2 II HIWI I? lilBllWBMMMaMnMMBM