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A news analy Cambo BY MARGARET SWENDSEID Cultural Editor This is the second article on Indochina: the history of Cam bodia up to 1954. Cambodia, a larger country than Laos with six million people, is the remains of a once powerful Khmer empire. Its early history was affected deeply by "Indian practices and ideas relating to royalty, law and religious mythology, with the concept of a god-king and the state as a manifestation of the universe, and its capitol as an earthly symbol of heaven. However in the 13th century the vast empire delined: the king made heavy demands on forced labor; a sophisticated hydraulic system was neglected; and a new religious doctrine was introdueed. -As with Laos, Canbodia was subject to internal dynastic rivalries as well as Siamese and Vietnamese intrusions. It main TEST PREP Boo W HEN there's so mue riding on the results, g< Into that exam in compiet< control. Plan ahead with the on study guides that ac cur tely simulate the tes you'll soon face - in boti format and level of diffi cuity. No clutter. No frills Just the facts you need ti pass. Confidence gives Inslst on Quallty sInst on Cowles 8%"x11". Paper .*$4.95* See these and r your local cowing sOOK i I Il 'dia...a tained its independence, howev4 at the cost of its northern frontif King seeks help in the 1850s Cambodia's kir asked France to help in defeatin the Siamese and Annames France intervened to protect i missionaries and established strong commerical hold in I dochina - along with Laos. Tk Cambodians were highly resistai to France's motives of protectir its "investment" against th English and Siamese, and a sel proclaimed Prince Pukoumb initiated rebellions which w er put down by Franco-Cambodia 'roops. Colonial Cambodia was now rt stirictly by the Frenc "residentfs' ;" their high: bureaucratic administration wi not "worthy" of Cambodiar whom they considered incapable serving in top-priority capacit Roger Smith reports: "The Frenc ARATION KS s U Dental Aptitude Test n UGrad. Basimess , Scheel Admission * LawSeheelAdmisslen* t , U Medical College .Admsien** * Miller Analegies-Test U S .L.E. Aptitude Test * NTE Cemmen Exam * ,e/rd Nursing. $4.45, all others $3.95 each many others at bookstore |@MANY, mc. W4NT To Akg OWI' rjvt#o peR. once pa %r, did little to train Cambodians to fill *r. positions of responsibility and trust. A School of Administration, created in 1917, graduated several 1g score of Cambodian ad Ig ministrators, but it was not until e after 1936 that they were used at ts any but the lowest levels of a government. Education was not 3 otherwise encouraged. It did not ie suit the French purpose to have an it educated elite which might demand government reform, or worse, independence." o The French saw to a system of le townships which had restricted n popular elections for ruling councils. The monarchy was i manipulated by the French, who h inadvertently named the ly monarchy's successor. Prince Sihanouk came to the thone in 1941. ks and was considered a weak and 3 gullible leader. Events later proved him quite the opposite. h Guerilla bases established Meanwhile guerilla bases were established as more and more farmers and mountain people .joined the resistance in 1946, a $16 A gold and black three dimenm Carolina seal mouted on a 9% S bra plate which may be engrav A twelve inck diameter gold ai which bears arniE Inch likeness .f Send a check or money order I postage anid handling to: St. L.aurent I Charleston. .Please allow two weeks for de We can mamuacture custom occaeion. Wrlit for wu wholese Commons F for studentu On a large campus such as u'S(' students often want a place to sit down and have an 4n tormal discussion about some topic. 'To provide a place where students can ask questions to those in authority." is one answer provided for students, according to -Joe Huddleston. chairman of the Commons Room committee. Visits by four Richland County representatives: discussions with Harold Brunton. vice president for Husiness Affairs: and a week's discussion with law enforcement officials of different levels have been this year's events. The future schedule calls for a visited by Paul Dietzel and werful pioneering major offensive took place in Siem Reap city. in which an entire French garrison was captured and arms stock emptied. Giving more impetus to the resistance, a Khmer National Liberation Committee, or Khmer Provisional government and Central Executive committee by which provincial and village government could be unified. The French colonialists. feeling doom about their Cambodian investment which would also be used against the Pathet Lao and Vietnamese. sent reinforcement troops into Cambodia. The Khmer Issarak. the major guerilla force, mounted its activities and the French defensibely reduced themselves to "pacification" troops. Wilfred Burchett: "Sihanouk used this situation, plus the mounting ac tivities of the Khmer Issarak movement, to pressure on the French for more and more con cessions. Essentially the main bone of contention between the French and Sihanouk by 1953. was the question of Cambodia's 0 lonal 7 incha University of South i 11 .X % inch walnut plaque. A 9d.i included with each plsgue. Fe id black three dimen.ional eeal mjEighting gemecock r purchase price phus $1.50 for nterpri ses od Drive S.C. 396017 livery. laques for any orgeniz.tion or e brochure for details. Loom place questions possibly a visit by Cleveland Amory. a noted columnist. *"The flexibility of our schedule is an important factor." Hud deston said. "For instance, if we hear of someone visiting Carolina, then our schedule will allow us to contact him and have him come on short notice. *The Commons Room is glad to work with outer organizations on campus." he said. "We try Io coincide with speakers from other committees. That way. if someone is giving a speech or lecture. we give him a chance to have a discussion in an informal atmosphere." The Commons Room is a com mittee of the University Union. It is open from 9 to 5 every weekday. Coffee is served at 10 and 2. empire adhension to the French Union and the French demand to continue to use Cambodia as a base for operations in Vietnam and Laos respectively..." Sihanouk was a nationalist and Cambodia's independence, he believed. could be achieved through diplomacy and non violence. He was therefore initially disenchanted with the Khmer Issarek over their terror tactics. Khmer Issrak and royal troops clashed: both did not appreciate each other's struggles in patriotism or for independence. Inevitable "showdown" The "Showdown" with the French was inevitable. The French centered their troops around Phnompenh. the capital city. and for the time used the Sihanouk-Issarak rivalry to maintain its stronghold. Mean while France was attempting to crush the resistance forces in Vietnam and Laos. and the result of those efforts would greatly determine Cambodia's in dependence. 65 pecent of all ex ports 'Frencb from Indochina were taken ontt of Cambodia. and the French had been draining the country's rich food reserves to feed their forces in other places. If it had not been for the resistance and guerilla fighters. attacking French communications systems and supply lines, the war .would have dragged on. fut in July. 1953. Sihanouk, refused to accept France's provisional terms. demandea a transfer of powers. including police and military command. by Sept bemer I. 3953. Four days after his note. the French ambassador stated that France was now ready to transfer all powers, and in August.- negotiations began. f)uring the process of in dependence, Sihanouk instructed an appeal to be sent out to Issarak, Khmerx Vietminh. and Vietminh to now enter the "national comn munity." Resistance fighters would be "welcomed with open arms by the government," and amnest y was promised. "Althought we are not communist, we do not oppose communism as long as the latter is not to be imposed on ow' people by force trom outside..."