The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, November 21, 1894, Image 1
I
I VOL XLIX. WINNSBOBO, S. C., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBEB 21 1894. NO. 15.
V COTTON IS LOW.
V ' A SECOND ARTICLE FROM LAWRENCE
? ? * A
f; ? - YUUmnixo.
He Review* Past Monetary Condition* and
Compares Them With Pi-enent?Free Silver,
He Thinks Is One Remedy for the
. . . Trouble.
lb the Editor of the State: In my
previous article I conclusively demon"
1'- r)iV.]inA ill t.flft
LblTdltU lLli?l, Uic; ^XCOrV v*w**A*v
* jxriee of cotton in 1819 was not due to
over-production, but to financial
. changes, which resulted in an enor"rarous
contraction of the circulating
medium and effected the price of all
other, commodities in the same ratio.
I also'demonstrated that the rise in
price, from 1826 to 1836, was not at
all due to "diminished production, as
the rapid advance took place in the
;_f?ce,: as Professor Sumner says, "of
- increasing'production, both here and
""But was the result of large |
tiyisdditions to the money volume both
her&^nd'in England. The heavy de^cl^e^tvhich
began in 1837 and ended
^ in l~8^S-%rices falling from-an average^in
1835. of 17 1-2 cents, to 6 1-2
- '"?ehts'in f$4S, was not due to overpro
Auction, but to a repetition of those
^causes,~ which produced the decline
from 1819 to 182$?financial changes
'Ms^ich"Wrought a great contraction in
' th^volume of money. In 1829, Pres"
-JiehfJackson began his war on the
' TTmted States Bank and, defeating
every attempt to renew its charter,
terminated it'by the downfall of the
' &nk in 1836, wnen its charter expired.
In discussing his ^fto.of the bill to renew
this charter in ^$32, the follpwing
predictions were made:
p; Senator Clayton of Delaware, said,
tin a "speech, delivered July 11, 1832:
* "In less than four vears the pecuniary'
H" distress, the commercial embarrassHf
raents consequent upon the desfcrucV
tfon of the; United States Bank must
exceed anything which has ever been
known in our history *. * * bankrupt:
cies and ruin, at the anticipation of
Hr~ which the heart sickens?must follow
in the lone train , of evils which are
i . assuredly before us."
K| Daniel Webster said: (Works, vol.
f 3, page 419.) "I hesitate not to say
H? that as this veto travels to the West, it
will depreciate the value of every
B man's property from the Atlantic
Hk States to the. capital of Missouri, its
effects will be felt in the price of lands,
the great and leading article of Western
property; in the price of crops, in
the products of labor, in the represLsion
of enterprise, and in embarrassment
to any kinds of business and
occupation."
In anticipation of a vacum resulting
from the downfall of the United States
Bank; the local 'banks had been encouraged
by the President to enlarge
their issues^-these notes, of questionable
validity; beginning to accumulate
in the governm?^ Treasury, "whither
they had fou^d their "way, in purchase
of the pub110 lands, the President inI
structea^e Secretary of the Treasury
-wa77 Imrra-n "siwift eircu
^ y~?- iai;~ "requiring ail payment ionraxrmr
lands to be made in the precious metals.
This circular, reviving the demand
for gold and silver, destroyed
most of the banks which had not government
deposits at demand. The
subsequent demand for these deposits
in 1837, for distribution among the
^ - States, as provided for by the act of
1836, -completed the ruin of the 4'pet
banks." The sudden calling in of
these deposits, which had been treated
by the banks as capital to be loan^
ed, oegan the panic of 1837, which
" v fully verified the predictions of Senators
Clayton and Webster.
In these pressing straits, the banks
and business firms of America drew at
^ -?? x-?? "? rvf in
_'"ri lOIlg mile, Uli uicir uviu? \jj. vivuiv au
Europe, and, failing to meet these obligations,
fell, and as they succumbed,
^ : pulled down with them nearly every
foreign house that dealt with the Uni
ted States. So great was the run upon
H the Bank of England ti\at it had to
sustain itself by loans effected with
some difficulty from the Bank of
WF France.
The situation was thus pictured by
Doubleday, in his "Financial History
of England," pages 322, 323: "A scene
of bankruptcy ensued that beggars all
descriptions * * * A panic took place
in England, in the course of which
nearly all the houses engaged m tne
United States trade were swept away
* * * Immense bales of American
. paper securities. State stocks, canal
w^- stocks, bank shares, railroad shares,
Br etc., were sent to E- >pe, pledged for
? what they would bring, and the proL
ceeds remitted in gold and silver a^i-oss
11^ the Atlantic to prop the touring paBBF
yr-issujng estapl^^mcnis of the vaif
rious Stages * * Such at least was
W the condition of the coffers of the
f Bank of England that she was reduced
to beg the assistance from the
Bank of France; and the indirect aid
of that establishment alone saved her
r from ruin." - !
Alison, in dealing with the same
crisis in his'history of Europe, vol. 3,
2nd series, pages 314, 315 ana 316 says:
"Terror ana distrust universally prevailed;
the machine of society, like
a huge mill turned by water, which!
was suddenly frozen, "came to a stand
r* * * A universal run took place upon
the banks, which being in a great degree
unprovided with cash, in consequence
of its-r having been drained
away to the banks in the West, were
unable to meet the demand for specie
* * * Deprived of the wonted resource
of discounted bills to meet their, engagements,
the greatest, as well as the
smallest houses, in all the commercial
W?mp hrmlrnmt Two liun
dred and fifty houses in New York
stopped payment in the first three
weeks of &pril and in Boston, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and the other cities
on the coast, the devastation was not
less universal. Cotton fell from 14
cents per pound in 1S35, to.7 1-2 cents,
^ all other articles of export in a similar
proportion. Soon the distress spread
like a pestilence through the various
ramifications of society. Public
works, railways, canals, were brought
to a stand ; the shipwright and builder
dismissed their men: the manufactur,.
er closed his doors; one sentiment pervaded
all classes?the anticipation of
universal ruin and individual beggary.
* * * Cotton, the great article of
common'export, had fallen in consequence
o? the measures of government
to 4 cents; a pound, being not a third
of "what it had been tnree years oeiore,
and that; "although the last crop had
k been deficient rather than the reI
' verse."
L The price of cotton which had avor^
aged 17 1-2 cents in 1S35. declined to
10 1-2 cents in 1S3S and to 6 1-2 cents
in 1848. The decline from 101-2 cents
in 1S3S, to 6 1-2 cents in 1848, took
place on an almost stationary volume,
f of production, averaging about two
million bales per annum. In 1849, on
! a crop four hundred thousand bales
larger than any previously raised the
price rose to 8 1-2 cents and continued
to rise until it reached 12 1-2 cents,
which price it held with sligat variations
for the next ten years, in the
face of an increasing production that
doubled itself in 1S59 and 18'JO. It is
the causes that produced this rise and
sustained it for the next ten years, in
the face of an increasing volume, that
soon doubled itself, which I now propose
to consider.
! As the crises with which I have so
' *? v from
icti ucu.1 \j :uoui(,vu, ? ?
changes in the paper circulation, I
have not hitherto alluded to the more
| imperceptible influences of the volume
I of the precious metals. But as they
j will hereafter become the must impor"tant
factors in guessing the price of
cotton, I deem it necessary now to rel
trace my steps, and consider their effect
upon prices.
Adam Smith, "Wealth of Nations,"
page 193, says: "From .the high or
low money price of <*oods in general,
or of corn in particular, we can infer
only that the mines which at that
time happened to supply the commercial
world with gold and silver were
fertile or barren. That is, the output
from the mines governed the supply,
and the supply regulated the price.
Mr. Jevons tells us that from 17S9 to
1809 gold fell 46 per cent. This de- [
cline in its purchasing power was
Kv a Ifu'o-ft augmentation of its
"J ? O ^
volume, by an increased production
from the mines. But in 1S0S Bonaparte
invaded Spain and'as the mother
country was overrun, the Spanish
American colonies, from whence this
increase had been desired, began to
assert their independence. The con-j
sequent turmoil and unsafety of investment
banished capital from the
mining: industrj* and the output being
diminished by one half, gold rose rapidly
in value. 1
Speaking of this dearth of the precious
metals aggravated bv the paper
contraction of 1S19, R. H. Patterson in
his "New Golden A^e," volume 2, [
page 211, says: "Perhaps the most
impressive testimony to the strange
widespread distress which then lay
like a night-mare upon Europe, or indeed
upon the whole civilized world,
is that borne contemporaneously by
the calm-minded philosophic historian;
Sismondi, who wrote as follows in
1827, of what he justly called this
'great European calamitv:' 'A cry of
distress is raised from all the manu
factoring towns of the Old World,
and all tne fields of the New World
re-echo it. Everywhere commerce is
struck with the same languor; everywhere
it encounters the same difficulty
of selling * * * this period of distress
went on, lightening merely for
passing moments, until suddenly in
1848, the apprehension of Sismondi
was suddenly realized.' All society
was shaken to its foundations; governments
were overthrown by a wild
i-Eomyise, a grasping after some better
order of things: and wars and revolutions
rolled over Europe, from the
Baltic to the Adriatic, and from the
Bav of "Risr"- f^*hp Thixine."
it was of this epoch, lS35Trtizrf--4fcrrShepperson
spoke in Els interview
with the New York Tribune, republished
a few days age in the oSews
and Courier, when he said: "In October,
1S4S, tinder the influences of political
disturbances on the contiment, and
financial panic in England, the price
of middling upland cotton, in Liverpool,
was forced to 3 3-8 pence. That
was the lowest quotation in the Liverpool
market until now, when the price
is down to 3 3-32 pence.''
This low price in 1S4S, as we have
seen, was not due to overproduction,
for its volume had remained nearly
stationary for the ten preceding years
?it took place, however, after a forty
years dearth of the precious metals
which had reduced the price of com
modities, cotton included, to nearly
one-third of their former value.
Professor W. S. Jevons, in his
' 'Money and Mechanism of Exchange,"
page 325 says: "From 1S09 to 1849 it
(gold) rose again in the extraordinary
ratio of 100 to 245 or by 145 per cent,
?doing what ??rendering government
annuities and all fixed payment extending
over this period almost two
and a naif times as valuable as they
were in 1809."
Cotton is now lower by 5-32 of a
penny than it was it 184S.v Why is it
so low? From the same cause that reduced
the price in 184S?a dearth of
the money metals. How was this
dearth occasioned? By discarding silver
from the mints, and thus cutting
off one-half, or over, of the natural
supply from the mines. Why was
this done? To make the dollar unit
twice as valuable and to double the
?-^TTaxh /IAAC 'fViic
vaiue ui aix uic\uu>. iiwii uw..
double the value of the money unit?
It reduces by one-half the metallic
basis of nionev and proportionately
controls its volume, and as did the
contraction occasioned by the panics
of 1819 and 1837, reduces by one-half
the value of all commodities"
Whom does this benefit? All those
who live upon the labor of others?the
creditor and income classes. Those
who receive salaries and annuities,
and whose charges are fixed by law or
custom.
How does it benefit them? It enables
them to command twice as much
labor and twice as much commodities
for the same money.
Whom does it injure? All debtors
and producers. How? By doubling
the burdens of all debts, "taxes and
fixed charges and diminishing by onehalf
their power to pay them?a condition
of affairs which all standard writers
agree does more injury to a country
than war, famine or pestilence. Is
the low price of cotton due to this state
of affairs? The comparative shrinkage
in the volume of money and consequent
depression of the price of all
commodities affects cotton to a great
extent, but there are other factors
which contribute to its alarming depression.
What are they? Cotton and
wheat, without any corresponding increase
of production, have fallen lower
in price than most other agricultural
products. We have to expect a large
surplus and compete with silver standard
countries for the markets of Western
Europe. Silver having maintained
its.purcliasing and debt-paving power
in these countries, is worth as much
for all domestic purt>oses as it was in
1S73, consequently these silver countries
can get just as much* for their
wheat and cotton as they could twenty
years ago, while we have to sell for
about one-tinrcl. in is oonus 011 meir
exports has proven just what was predicted
by British stat esmen years ago,
that the'demonetization of silver would
prove the ruin of the wheat and cotton
industries of America, and the salvation
of those in silver countries.
When cotton touched bottom in
1S4S, within 5-32 a penny of the price
^ :
to-day, I have been informed by those
who remember it that the very same
opinion of over-production was entertained.
At this time of general depression
and business stagnation, when
the cause of mankind seemed very
much as it does now, almost hopeless,
what was it that gave relief?a cotton
trust, or a curtailment of production
as recommended by Broker Roddey ?
No, sir. The only remedy that will
give any relief now?an expansion of
the currency, a well distributed circulation,
sufficiently commensurate with
+V.*i nf nnnlaiion and the ex
VJUV XliVAVt*w v* w ? pansion
of enterprise and industry.
In 1848 gold was discovered in large
qualities in California, and, in 1851,
in large quanties in Australia; the annual
increase of the money volume
was almost immediately doubled, trebled
and nearly quardrupled. The
bonds of debt and taxes were relaxed
and soon wore off under the prodigious
stimulus of renovated industry
and general prosperity. This decade,
from 1850 to 1860, is still referred to as
the most prosperous in our natien's
history?the national wealth doubled
itself and 36 per cent, over during
these ten years. The crop of cotton,
amounting to 2,423,000 bales of'47 and
4S and thought to be an over supply
as it sold for an average of 6 1-2 cents,
was more than doubled, in 1859, and
brought about 12 cents.
Patterson in his "Golden Age," Vol
II. page 22, says: "So the long distress
quickly came to an end, and there
after was well nigh as mucli forgotten
as if it had never existed. More's the
pity! For it is by a study of that time
that we may best learn to avoid, at no
1 ?x ? wvAMimA'nAa Af fli/i camA
uiSLa.ni ua.Lc, a, icviuj.
evil anti-industrial and anti-commercial
influence * * The gold mines for
a while made Euroupe voun^again.-'
Said the historian Alison, Vol. IV.,
2nd series, page 318: "The annual
supply of gold and silver for the use
of the globe was by these discoveries
suddenly increased from an average
of ten million pounds, to one of thirtyfive
million pounds. * * * That
which for five and twenty years had
been awaiting a currency commensurate
to the increased numbers and transactions
of the civilized world, was now
supplied by the beneficient hand of
nature. The era of a contracted curunrl
fwnspnnAnt low nrices and
general misery, interrupted by passing
gleams of prosperity'was at an end.
Prices rapidly rose; wages advanced in
a similar proportion, exports and imports
enormously increased, -while
crime and misery as rapidly diminished."
In my third and last article, I shall
attempt to trace the subtile influence
that manipulated the mqney volume
after the war and its effects upon prices,
particularly the price of cotton. I
think I shall show that all these catch
words, ''honest money," "sound money"
and "full value money," partake
very much of the nature of the cry of
"catch thief," and are ingeniously put
forth by the thinking few to hoodwink
the unthinking many; and veil the
gigantic robbery and dishonesty of the
fold standard, which is working the
egradation and industrial ruin of our
people. Its effects, not so sudden as
panics of 1S1?) and 1S37, but with a
the "hand 011 the dial plate, in comparison
with the expansion of industry
and the increase of population, is producing
a constant and pitiless contraction
that is every day adding to the
purchasing power of the money mint
and reducing the price of all the products
of labor. Taking two dollars for
the creditor when only one should be
paid by the debtor?it is furnishing a
harvest for greedy capital and grasping
brokerage tnat is running our homes
and pauperizing the great masses of
our citizens; ana has nearly reduced
us to the Je ws in the time of Nehemaial,
the Athenians before the advent of
Solon and of the Romans after the
first Gallic invasion.
This money power seems to control
irvH +/-i o errant pvtent.. to
lU^JLOiaMVU (?UV?J w w
exercise a commanding influence over
the press. To us the language of Sallust,
"Pecuniam omnibus modis vexant."
(They have troubled money in
every way) and as was said by Juvenal,
"are devouring the people to fhe
very bones." L. W7 Youmans.
Fairfax, S. C., Nov. 7, 1S9-L
Bonds will be Issued.
Washington-, Nov. 13.?There is no
longer any doubt that an issue of
bonds has been definitely decided upon,
and it can be stated on good authority
" - "? ~ ' 1 Ml T_ _
that a circular asimig ior Dias wujl atj
issued during the present week, probably
by Thursday. Jt is fully realized
that the gold reserve has now reached
a point where it could be completely
wniped out by a few heavy shipments,
and it is thought to be the part of wisdom
not to wait until the gold in the
treasury is practically exhausted before
making an effort to recoup it.
Wednesday last Mr. Carlisle, after
several consultations with the president,
wrote to President Stewart, of
the United States Loan and Trust company
of New York, reciting the law
as to an issue of bonds, and asking his
opinion as to which class of bonds
could be placed at this time to the
greatest advantage to the government.
The result of this correspondence was
that the president and Mr. Carlisle decided
to make the forthcoming issue
the same in amount and rate, and, in
nearly all other important particulars,
the same as the February issue. The
circular is now Demg prepuicu, ?nu
indications point to an official announcement
at once.
Judge Killed.
Nashville. Tenn.,Nov. 14.?Chancellor
Andrew Allison of this city was
shot and killed in the corridors of the
county court house here at 1 o'clock
this afternoon by George Whitworth,
ex-clerk and master of the Davidson
County Chancery Court. "Whitworth
then attempted to commit suicide and
idiot will mvVhnTVIv nrAvp n.
iilillVtVU M 11UV ?T AAA V VWV.^I v , v ??
fatal wound 011 himself, Whitworth
was appointed to his office by Judge
Allison and served one term. At the
expiration of that term a few days
since Judge Allison appointed his son,
Granville Allison, to succeed Whitworth.
It was this fact that instigated
the murder. Judge Allison was reelected
to his office of Chancellor in
August last. He was as man of about
fifty years of age and a member of an
old and prominent family.
A Queer Suicide.
Norwich, Conn., Nov. 14.? Mary
Neilson, 25 years old, of Philadelphia,
while dining with a party of friends
in this city, in response to a toast,
laughingly drank a glass of carbolic
acia with suicidal intent, and died
soon aiterwaros. i\ ox one 01 me party
suspected that the liquid -was poison
until its fatal result ^svas seen. Grief
at the death of her husband led to the
act.
THE DEATH OF PARKER.
AN ORANGEBURG COUNTY INCIDENT
OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
How a Band of Tories Wa* Dispersed and
Itw Leader Killed by a Band of Patriots
Under Command of Captain Rumpli?A.
Daring Deed.
The following interesting story of
the Revolutionary War was printed
iii the Southern Cabinet in 1840:
After the seige and fall of Charleston
in the year 1780, and the shameful
violation of the articles of treaty by
the British officers, the war in South
Carolina became essentially of a partisan
character. The State "was overrun,
but not subdued. Bold spirits
arose evervwhere to assert their
liberties, ancl they were frequently and
instantaneously crushed by a powerful
and unsparing foe, and no recollection
now survives of themselves or - their
deedsbut not all of them thus perished.
One fearful contest tradition
has preserved, which I will endeavor
to record;?a struggle of man with his
fellow man?a pursuit? a pistol shot
and a death.
Captain Jacob Rumph, (known after
the Revolution, better perhaps, as'
General Rumph,) of Orangeburg dis- j
trict, was the commander or a troop of!
UtVttirj j i. aiocu iax mo uwiuwiiivvv. ?v ,
protect themselves and their families,
who lost no occasion of aiding their
friends or annoying their enemies.
They are all gone;?history has not J
recorded their names; but few bolder
spirits struck for liberty in that eventful
war. Captain Rumph was a man
of prodigious size and strength, of
great courage and coolness in trie hour
of danger, and though of a harsh and :
imperious disposition, no one was
better fitted for the command of the
hardy and intrepid men who composed
his corps: They were usually dispersed
at their ordinary avocations on
their farms, but they united at a mor
ment's warning from their leader.
Not loner after Charleston was taken
bv the British, Capt. Rumpli was re-;
turning with two of his wagons, which
had been sent into Charleston with
produce, in charge of a Dutchman
named Houselighter; and while slowly |
riding in company with his wagons on
a small, but strong horse, his mind
gloomily brooding over the oppressed
and almost hopeiess condition of South i
Carolina, he had reached a large pond,
on what is now called the old road,
about seven miles below the village of;
Oran^ebur^, when he was suddenly'
rUUSCU U\ tn^ c*?/jsx vavit vi VUAVX/ ?A*V?
on horse" back, whom he instantly recognized
as his most deadly foes. They
were well mounted and armed like
himself, with sword and pistoL I
When the horsemen haa reached the
opposite side of the road to Captain
Rumph, they halted for a moment and
would have approached him nearer;
but he, placing himself in the best
posture of defence he could, called out
to them:
' 'Gentleman, stand off?I wish to
have nothing to do with you."
-^Hw>-Torw?, for suclx -xliey?were, surveyed
him for an instant; and after a
short conference with each other, to
Capt. Rumph's great relief, rode on,
ana soon disappeared at the next turn
ol tne road.
Rumph, though he saw with no little
satisfaction, that the Tories had na*sed
on, yet was too well acquainted with
them to suppose for a moment that he
was to get off so easily. He knew very
well that the short respite they had
thus given him was only, that with an
increased force he might become their
prey with less danger to themselves.
He rightly conjectured, that the three
who had passed him on the road, were
only scouts sent to apprehend him if
-rrrVirt if Vio
UJJ.CM IUL^U.j CfclXVl ?T AiVj u. x*uv? ***???
tiouslv suffered them to approach him,
would have shot him down while off
his guard.
Casting his eyes about a moment,
for means of escape from his wily foes
/vf Vin 4"? An
Lilt; CI KJX IJLIO OIUUawVAJl t^VOAUV AV*.*
ly apparent. The three troopers he
knew belonged to the corps of the
sanguinary Cunningham, a part of
which, he was certain, was in the
neighborhood, under the command of
one of his subaltern officers; and Capt.
Rumph, after carefully surveying his
situation, became fully conscious of his
extreme danger of falling into the
hands of his merciless foes. He was
mounted upon a strong but slow horse
and the thought of escape on horse
back was abandoned by him without
? ? T J !i/U -
Hesitation, xie was arcutju wuu a
trusty cut and thrust sword and a
brace of pistols; but it would have
been madness, he well knew, to think
of exposing himseL* to such odds as he
was sure would be brought against
him. There was no time to be lost.
His only chance of escape at once
flashed across his mind, and he immediately
set about executing it. He
rode nis horse up to the pond already
mentioned, and tied him fast to a
tree. He then took off the greater
Eart of his clothes and left them near
is horse, to induce the suspicion that
he had concealed himself in that pond.
; ?But that was very far from his real
intention. He walked in the wa:er
, near the margin of the pond, until he
had gained the side opposite to which
he had tethered his horse, and choosing
with some caution the place at
which he could best leave it, he set off
at a rapid rate through the pine woods
for home, a distance of some sixteen
miles.
T-.-1 4liA rrmo-n timo flio fTlWxa trWYnPrS
J.XX J"VUAi VAAJ.AV} VAAV/ WA** vv w* VVJ^W^
who as Capt. Rumph truly supposed,
were a party detached to seize nim if
they could, returned to their main
body, consisting of about twenty men
under the command of Lieutenant
Parker, and reported the situation in
whicU they had left Capt. Rumph.
With out loss of time the whole party
set off to overtaken him. Upon their
arrival at the pond, they found that
the wagons had proceeded but little
distance from the spot which they occupied
when the three Tories passed
them, and Capt. Rumph s horse andi
Via cimp eit.iiatinn in
V1ULUTO ?Y \-i- ^ ??i*v v .
which they had been left by him. The
whole party rode up to the wagon, and
fiercely inquired of poor Houselighter,
who was pale with terror, where
Rumphwas. He pointed to the pond,
and they rode up to the place where
the hors^-astied, and when they saw
liis cltoSes, and other signs of Rumph's
having taken to the pond, they surrounded
it on every side, and dismounting
they entered it sword in
hand, and searched every place where
he could possibly have be?n concealed.
But their search was fruitless.
Rumph was far on his way towards
home, before those who were so eager
ly thirsting for his blood could satisfy
i tnemselves that he was not there.
, Irritated by the escape of the prey
which they were so confident they had
in their grasp, while one part scoured
the neighboring woods in search of
Capt. Rumph, the other part of the
wagons, and after taking such of the
horses as could be serviceable to them,
they stripped the wagons of every
thing they could carrry away, ana
burnt them to ashes with the remaining
part of their freight. Thev worLi
"V? Q TT'QC?
l'ICU. JJLUUe>CJ_lClx?;i UXJ.UA J.J.V ???o
ready to die with fear, and left him.
Capt. Rumph reached home about
sun-set, with the determination to <*ive
his pursuers chance of a fight with less
odds on one side; and he immediately
set about collecting the scattered members
of his corps. This was soon accomplished?and
they, about twentyfive
m number, were ready to set off
in pursuit of the Tories by day-light
the next morning.
This partv had proceeded for several
hours on tlieir way, and had nearly
reached the spot where the wagons of
their leader had been burned the day
before, and which was the scene of his
perilous escape, when they were informed
that the Tories, not far below,
were Ceding their horses near the road
and were wholly unprepared for an j
attack. The patriots were extremely j
anxious to be led to the charge. Just
before their eyes were the evidences of
the wanton destruction of property by
the Tories, and their memories could
readily supply numberless instances of
their norrid barbarity, rapine, and
murder. They proceeded at a quickened
pace along the road, and soon their
nemies appeared in the situation in
which they had been described, with
their horses carelessly feeding with
their saddles on, their bridle-bits out
of ;ir mouths, and their riders lying
abo\; in groups or sleeping apart from
from the rest on the ground. No surprise
could have been more complete.
The Tories discovered their opponents
at the distance of three or four hundred
yards, and at once prepared for
fight. They soon caught their horses
bridled them, and in and instant were
mounted and flying in every direction.
"Save who can," was the only word.
Capt. Rumph and his Troopers dashed
down upon them, and as the Tories
scattered, every one for himself, the
patriots were obliged to single out and
pursue, as they were nearly equal in
number, almost every one his man.
Various were the results of that fight
and pursuit.
It "was the fortune of Lieutenant
Parker, the officer in command of the
Tories, to be singled out by Lieutenant
Wannamaker, of Capt. Rumph's
troop. Wannamaker was a man of
singular boldness and true devil-maycare
sort of spirt. He was a fine horseman,
and on this occasion was uncommonly
well mounted. In this respect,
however, he was not superior to rarker;
for after a chase of nearly two
miles, Wannamaker had gained but
little if any upon Parker?but, unfortunately
for the latter, after keeping
well ahead for that distance, and while
looking back to see if the enemy
was gaining upon him, his
horse earned him under a
stooping tree, which struck him
a violent blow upon the left shoul
^ ?-J" lrr> A/>lr^rl
aer as ue roue uuua n auu auuvavu.
hi si.nearly off, and in his struggle to
recover himself his saddle" turnea aiidgot
under the belly of his horse. In
that situation he rode for some distance
at an evident disadvantage, and
Wannamaker began to gain upon him.
Parker's horse, however, broke the
girth, and the saddle fell, so that Parker
-was again for a while able to keep
Wannamaker at a safe distance. But
it soon became apparent, to Parker's
great dismay, that his hose's wind was
failing from being ridden without a
saddle. In vain he whipped and spurred
his jaded horse. Wannamaker
was shortening the distance between
them at every leap. Parker beheld
him nearly within pistol shot; and,
frightened beyond measure, he took
off his hat and beat his horse on the
as -with it to accelerate his speed.
It succeeded for a moment, but the
fagged horse had done his utmost.
Wannamaker was just behind and
called out to him with presented pistol.
"Parker, halt! or I will kill you."
Parker heeded not, but continued
with renewed violence his blows with
his hat. Wannamaker approached
nearer and called to him again; but
still he rode on. Wannamaker called
to him again, the third time, and offered
him quarter; but the unhappy
man knew that he had no right to expect
that mercy which he had never
given, halted not.
"Halt, Parker," says Wannamaker
"I have told you the last time."
Parker rode on. Wannamaker fearing
something might occur to incline
the chances against him, approached
the doomed man within half a horses'
length and fired. Parker rode erect
for a moment; but his hold soon re1
1 1 - -r-n 1 1
jaxea?ne ieu uacitwarus uji jlud uuiot
?rolled heavily off, and expired. J.
Says He Can Restore Life.
Syracuse, N. Y., Nov. 13.?Dr. P.
J. Gibbons, of this city, this afternoon
forwarded to Governor Flower an application
for permission to try his theory
of the resuscitation of human beings
"killed" by electricity, on Charles
F. Wilson, who is to be" electrocuted
at Auburn State prison for the murder
of Detective Harvey, of this citv.
Dr. Gibbons said to me: "I liave
been present at the autopsies of electrocuted
murderers, ana have carefully
studied the reports of autopsies
of this character made by other scienitfic
men. We find no pathological
change, no change in the blood, and
no destruction 01 any viuu organs oxtissues
which we would have in death,
and could determine cause of death
in the autopsy. I have always contended
that execution by electricity
is painless, and that it renders the
subject instantly unconscious, but
very often does not produce death. I
assert that the condition produced is
suspended animation, excepting when
the electrocuted one be physically
iweak, having heart disease, aneurism,
or some other similar affection, in
which case the diseased parts are frequently
ruptured by the shock.
' 'My intention is to discover some
means of saving the lives of those accidentally
shocked. I will have everything
in" readiness and will operate
upon the bodv as soon as the surgeon
pronounces death. We will apply
promptly a current of electricity to
keep up body heat and body electricity.
My methods and apparatus are
simple. The latter consists of two
bellows so arranged that they enter
the one tube. The distal end of the tube
we insert through the neck, as in
tracheotomy. When we depress the
handles one bellows inflates the lun^s,
and when we elevate the handles the
other exhausts the lungs, and on the
next depression drives the air into
space. This operation is continued. I
would not he discouraged till at least
, three hours had passed." j
FOREST FIRESA
Colorado Town Destroyed?Large Loss
of Lives and Property.
Boulder, Col., Nov. 15.?A forest
fire which was started from a camp
fire last evening has been raging all
night and todav North of the mining
camp of Gold Hill, a town of five hundred
inhabitants, fifteen miles from
here. The timber is as dry as powder
and a fierce wind carried it over five
miles of dense timber in a short time.
Fifty people came into JtSou Icier this
afternoon in wagons from Gold Hill,
mostly women and children. They
report that the business men and miners
were carrying what goods and
property they could into the mining
tunnels and had abandoned hope of
saving their stores and dwellings.
A courier arrived at Boulder at 1:30
p. m., reporting that all the buildings
at Camp Talcott, a short distance
from Gold Hill, were burned except
the stamp mill and that the fire had
reached the Western portion of Gold
Hill, burning the mill of the Prussian
mine. Several ranch houses
were burned this morning, two men
named Eihler and Zaman being badly
burned.
At 3 p. m. the fire was spreading toward
the tomi of Copper JRock. The
< aV
gravity or me case is iuiiyappreciiticu
here at Boulder and the utmost excitement
prevails. It is believed many
small camps will be burned. The residents
of Gold Hill who have not come
to Boulder have assembled on the top
of Horsefel Mountain and are watching
the progress of the flames as they
consume their former homes. The
wind is blowing furiously and drives
the fire before it in large sheets of
flame.
The property loss will amount to
over $1,500,000. There will necessarily
be great destitution. Among the
business houses at Gold Hill are the
following: Frank Body, general
merchandise andpostoffice; Dr. Trovilian,
drug store; Johnson and Hawkins,
general merchandise store;
James Corvell, boots and shoes; Mrs.
j. jyiurpny, notei.
seen forty miles away.
Denver. Col., Nov. 15.?At3o'clock
a fierce wind and dust storm struck
the city from the North, filling the air
so that it was impossible to see across
the street for a long time. Many plate
glass windows and awnings were destroyed.
The temperature fell 20 degrees
in thirty minutes. Before the
storm broke dense clouds of smoke
could be plainly seen rolling up the
mountains around Gold Hill forty
miles distant. At 6 p. m. a wet snow
began falling but it is probably too
late to save Gold Hill from destruction.
loss of life large.
Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 15.?Reports
from the forest districts in this vicinity
show that while the loss of proper
vy la nut gicak, cuv v-?.vv*Aof
the territory covered, -the loss of
life exceeds apprehensions. Within
fifteen miles of Memphis three lives
have been lost by fire in the past two
days, and there are rumors of a fearful
burning- in Arkansas, where five
lives -were Tost. The remains of five
-human, beings were found, with the
flesh and clothing all burned off, in
St. Francis bottom, all within a quarter
of a mile of each other. There are
fears that they are the remains of a
party of hunters from Texas that went
into that country last week, but there
is nothing to support this except the
number of the bodies.
Fatalities in this county are peculiarly
distressing. Fanny Woods, an
aged negress, had her dress ignited as
she fled from a burning house, and she
ran, surrounded by flames till she fell
I dead. Pitt Roy, a nine-year-old boy,
! ran into his father's house, which was
i afire, to save some property. The
house collaj?sed and he was burned to
' rPVlC
ueaui ueiure .tuv
name of the third victim could not be
ascertained.
the destruction very great.
London, Nov. 15.?As a result of
the violent winds, heavy rains and
overflowing' rivers the inhabitants of
some of the river side villas at Eton
and Windsor are obliged to approach
the doors of their houses in boats. Upwards
of a thousand persons in Bath
are rendered homeless by the overflowing
of the Avon. Generally the
rainfall continues, but the gales have
subsided.
London, Nov. 15.?The British ship
Culmere, Captain Bead, last reported,
at Hamburg-, October 1, from Iquiqui,
foundered in yesterday's gale eighty
miles off Spurnhead, Yorkshire. Twen
ty-two persons were drowned, including
the captain and his wife. Eight
bodies were washed ashore at Worthing
this morning. It is believed that
the British steamer Zande, last reported
at Hamburg, November 1, from
Saffi. also was Tost yesterday. Heavy
floods are reported on the island of
Cyprus. A dispatch from Liamsol
says twenty-one persons were drowned
and that the number of domestic
animals destroyed is far into thousands.
A Curious Case.
Cincinnati Nov. 14.?A subpoena
for the arrest of Col. Coit, who commanded
the militia at Washington
Court House during the recent riot
over "the [attempted lynching of two
men, has been issued. The subpoena
cites that Col. Coit was wanted as a
witness at the trial. His friends have
urged him not to accept service on the
subpoena, as they claim it is merely a
ruse on the part of the authorities of
Washington Court House to get him
there and then place him in jail on the
_1 tVl I f
cnarge ui muiua. oiun, uu.?
the feeling against him is so intense at
the latter place that his life would be
in jeopardy. The members of the local
militia are greatly excited over the
affair and some of the hot-headed ones
advise that the militia go to Washington
Court House without uniforms,
j but with their muskets loaded and act
I as a body guard. It is stated that Col.
Coit has telegraphed Governor McKinley
asking wliat he (Coit) shall do
in the matter. The Governor is reported
to have advised Col. Coit to go
to Washington Court House in response
to the subpoena and that if he
finds that matters there are of such a
character that his life is in danger,
the Governor will order outtne mmua
to protect him and preserve order. Up
to a late hour this afternoon Col. Coit
had not decided whether or not he
' would go.
Sensible Farmers.
Dallas, Nov. 14.?The planters
here are determined not to plant more
| than one-half of this year's acreage of
i cotton next season, as at the present
market price the cost of production is
! in excess of the selling price from 1 to
12 cents per pound. Everv bale of this
!years Texas cotton will Be marketed
[ within six weeks.
^
PLANS OF THE POPULISTSStewart,
of Nevada, Will Lead an Indepen- j
dent Minority.
Washington, Nov. 13.?Senator
Stewart, of Nevada, the Populist upon
whose aid the Republicans count to
control the organization of the next
senate, reiterates emphatically that he
will aid neither of the old parties unless
they pledge themselves to free
silver.
''I don't care," he said, "which of
the old parties control the machinery
of the senate. There is no advantage
to us 10 oe gameu oy a cuiuumauuii
with either the Kepublicans or the
Cleveland Democrats. We do not
care for the few paltry offices to be
bestowed, and could not afford to sacrifice
our independence as a party for
them. So far as I am personally concerned,
I do not care whether they
put me on any committee or what
they do with me, as longas I am entitled
to my saat in the senate and can
?et into the chamber. In fact,"
he added, growing emphatic, "I can
raise more h?1 when entirely free
from such obligations than- when
bound by them."
The senator says he thinks the Populists
will be able to exercise a more
potent influence by keeping entirely
a loof from the old parties; that it is his
opinion that this is the policy which
will be pursued by the People's party
in the senate, and that he will advise
that this policy be pursued. He
thinks there is no doubt that when the
test com'es Senator Jones will act in.
full harmony with the Populist senators,
and that if Governor Tillman
should be chosen to succeed Senator
Butler he also would be found in the
Populist column, with the two senators
to be chosen from North Carolina.
This would give the Populists eight
senators as against 42 Republicans and
38 Democrats after March 4.
"The only ground," he said, in conclusion.
"on which I should be willing
to unite with the Republicans
would be on a platform pledging that
party to a free silver policy. I go not
want any half way measure, such as
the coinage of American product, as I
should know that whatever was promj j
ised would be nothing but a trap. I
do not propose to be caught with anything
less than a compliance with our
complete demands."
Senator Peffer, another of the Populists
to vhom the Republicans look
for aid, and of whom it has been rumored
that lie would rejoin the Republican
party, has just arrived from
Kansas. He "declined to discuss the
organization of the Senate, but said if
the time should come when the Populists
should hold the balance of power
in the Senate he had no doubt "they
would exercise that power conscientiously
and wisely."
When asked if' he believed Governor
Tillman would co-operate with the
Populists if he should be elected to the
Senate, Mr. Peffer replied that he
could not say, as Governor Tillman
had never outlined his intentions in
fhaf "FTp. nailed attention to
the fact that Mr. Irby, who was supposed
to share the political views of
Governor Tillman, had remained in
the Democratic ranks. "Still," he
added, ''the time must soon come
when all Democrats believing as Tillman
and Irby do, must a] ly themselves
openly with the Populist party.
The Eastern Democrats are to all intents
and purposes v ^publicans and
Democrats of the Tillm n-Irbv stripe
cannot long remain in th - same party
organization with them."
Mr. Peffer said that the Populists
had polled 125,000 votes in F~nsas,
against 105,000 in 1890, and that they
failed because they were not fused
with the Democrats. He believes that
"? I A ArtA AAA T>
aoous z,uuu,uw jropiuisu vuw? ?cic
polled in the country, and that" his
party's future is hopeful."'
How Cotton Seed May be Utilized.
I wish to make a practical suggestion
that if promptly acted upon by
those having hogs to fatten, will save
thousands of dollars to the State within
the next sixty days. Contrary to prevailing
opinion, cotton seed, if properly
mixed with other food, so as to make
a properly balanced ration, is the
cheapest hog food we possess and perfectly
safe. They are to be found on
every farm and are now being sold at
one-half their value considered as a
stock food, as compared with the market
value of corn. There is an abundant
crop of sweet potatoes, which can
neither be marketed nor preserved to
advantage. Cotton seed and sweet
potatoes mixed in proportion of one of
the former to three of the tatter, and
i i J. at? ?:n -p^vrl
DOiiea to^euier win give a* iwu
superior m every respect to corn and
absolutely safe. To those not having
potatoes and useing corn as a sole fattening
ration, I would suggest to mix
cotton seed and corn bushel for bushel
and grind together or cook. Fed
according to either menthood every
bushel of cotton seed is worth to the
farmer as much as a half bushel of
corn, or at the present price of corn 35
cents per bushel, while their present
market price is less than half. Criticisms
of above suggestions will be
cheerfully and scientifically discussed.
"Helper."
The above suggestion comes from
the Columbia State and we give it to
our readers for what it is worth. It
would be advisable to try it carefully
at first, until assured of its value. If
true it is of great advatage to the farmers.
A "Word for Apples.
Dr. G. R. Searles, of Brooklyn, N.
Y., thus discourses on the apple as
medicine: "'The apple is such common
fruit that very few ]>ersons are
familiar with its remarkably efficacious
medicinal properties. Everybody
ought to know that the very best
thing they can do is to eat apples just
before retiring for the night. Persons
uninitiated in the mysteries of the
fruit are liable to throw uptneir nanas
in horror at the visions of dyspepsia
which such a suggestion may summon
up, but no harm can come to even a
delicate system by the eating of ripe
and juicy apples just before going to
bed. The apple is an excellent brain
food, because it has more phosphoric
acid in easily disgestible shape than any
other vegetable known. It excites the
action of the liver, promotes sound
and healthy sleep, and thoroughly disinfects
the mouth. This is not all. The
apple agglutinates the surplus acids of
the stomach, helps the kidney secretions
and prevents calculus growths,
it obviates indigestion and is one of
the best preventives known of diseases
of the throat. Everybody should be
familiar with such laiowledsre, and I
hope you will help disseminate it. In
addition, next to the orange and the
lemon, it is the best anditote for the
thirst and craving of the person addicated
to the alcohol or the opium
habit."
THE COTTON CROP. :,S||
WHAT MR. ALF. B. SHEPPERSON HAS
TO SAY ABOUT IT.
The Largest Crop Ever Made "Was Nine
Million Two Hundred Thousand Bales in
1890-91?Half a Million Acres Less Planted
this Year.
Charleston, S. C., Nov. 14?With
a view to finding out just how much
credit was to be given to the recently
ciatAmpnt. nf fhe r>resentcot- _ :j
ton crop of 10,000,000 bales, and to
put before its readers a trustworthy
and intelligent statement of the cotton
| situation at the present time, the
Charleston News and Courier applied
I to Mr. Alfred B. Shepperson, of New
j York, the well-known cotton statisti- .
|cian, and author of that invaluable _
trade medium of the cotton trade, Cotton
Facts, and received the following
reply: 'gjjM
New Yoek, Nov. 8.?Cotton has aeclined
again today, chiefly I understand,
upon a crop" estimate just issued
by Mr. NeillofNew Orleans,that
the crop will be over ten millions of
t bales, xne crop is unuou.uwxiiy &
large one, but I confess that I am unable
to see any basis for such a large
estimate. The largest crop ever grown . -yvij
in this country was that whicn was
planted in 1890. The yield of that
crop was probably 9,200,000. j?S&e
| commercial crop of that seasor as
! S. 674.000 bales and the difference v
tween this and the quantity whicfcfcf
have given as the probable yield was
marketed in the following season.
There is no evidence whatever to
prove that the acreage of the crop now
being marketed was any larger than
that of the crop of 1890-91, nor is there
any evidence to my mind at least, that
the weather conditions have been
more favorable this year than in 1890.
I am at a loss, therefore, to understand
to what cause or causes can be reason- :
ably attributed a yield so much in excess
of the monster crop of 1890.
* The acreage in 1890 was about 20,500,000
acres, and I do not think anyone
has claimed or will claim that it
was any more this year. The department
of agriculture has been making
since Feb. 1, a careful investigation
of the cotton acreage and has em- ployed
a special agent for the purpose,
who has travelled throughout the
South, and has investigated the matter,
as I am informed, in the most
thorough manner possible. The Acting
Secretary of Agriculture wrote . .
me on October 25, that the i-esult of
the investigation was that the acreage
in 1893 was 19,525,000 acres. There
has been but a small increase in acreage
this year over 1893, the department
of agriculture calling the increase
less than 1 per cent, so that the
acreage of the crop now coming in is; - y'y ;||
according to the department or agriculture's
estimate, about 19,650,000
acres. .
Let us assume that the department
lioo it SmTKVwh&t and . -V
that the acreage is as much as 20,000,000
acres. This, as you will see, is
500,000 acres less than 1890, and yet
we are asked to believe thai upon an
acreage of 500,000 acres less than in
1890 a crop of a million bales more??--?
has been grown. I am not prepared ,
to accept such a conclusion, because
it is utterly repugnant to reason and .
common sense.
At these low prices, or anything like
them, the tendency will be to largely
increased consumption of cotton everywhere,
and there will evidently be
upon the part of spinners a general . .
disposition to buy cotton greatly in - j|||j
excess of their wants for the season, / >||
because at these prices they can well
afford to carry in the mill warehouse
a large supply of cotton in the next
season.
There r?an be no Question that unless
the price advances very greatly by the
time for planting the next crop that
the acreage devoted to cotton will be
reduced to an extent that it never has .
been curtailed before, from one year
to another. So great a reduction in
acreage -would cause beyond doubt an
advance as great and as rapid as the
decline has been. VVlien preparations
were made for planting this crop middling
cotton was -worth 8 cents in JSew
York, and should there be a great re- ^?1
duction of acreage this spring it will 4||j
be very likely to go to 8 cents again
soon after the next crop is planted,
and the world recognizes the fact be- ' :-Ja|
vond dispute that the acreage has
w, ana consequently that the supply
of cotton will be greatly reduced.
I sympathize deeply with the Southern
people because of the great depression
which has overtaken their staple \'f|a
crop, and from the manner in which
cotton, is being rushed to market it -^aa
looks to me as if when the advance in :^|
cotton comes it will not benefit th?
planters because they will have sold
all of their crop, and that the spinners
and speculators alone will reap the
benefit of the tardy advance.
Yours very truly,
Alfred B. Shepperson.
A Jest Finding. la
Columbus, 0., Nov 15.?Coroner Edwards
of Fayette County today reported
his findings in the inquests '
upon the bodies of the persons who
were killed by the volley of the militia
defending the court liouse, where
the rapist Dolby was confined. The
Coroner holds the shooting to have ->'?
been unjustifiable and holds Sheriff
Cook and Colonel Coit, who were in
command of the militia, responsible
for the fatal results. The finding was
not unexpected. The Coroner is an * ia
uncle of one of the victims. So far as
can be learned to-ni^ht no warrants
had been issued for the arrest of the
men but Welsh, the father of one of
the victims, will swear out me warrants
to-morrow. Colonel Coit's friends
protest against liis being taken to
Washington Court House without a
a military escort for fear of assassination.
Governor McKinley refuses to
discuss the matter, but if it is made .-m
apparent that the lives of the officers
will be endangered he will send a suf _^j|
ficient force for their protection. The
feeling against community is growing
very strong in other parts of the State.
Thousands Slain.
London, Nov. 13.?Three thousand
Armenians, including women and
childlen. are reported to have been
massacred according to a Constantinople
dispatch to the Daily News, in the
Sassoun region. near Moosh, Turkish
Armenia, during, a recent attack by
theKurps. Twenty-five villages were
destroyed. The Turkish officials de- ||
clare that the report is not true, and ' . 'iM
that it grew out of the supppression of
a small uprising in the region in question.
The British ambassador is making
inquiries into the matter.
m