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1 ?* - - - fw.'jj.usm.'." ?.. .JU THE NEWS AND HERALD. | v r- r rvrrrsn is v w i? r ur w n v v< n A V ? O D* lj l s? kl J J j/ l J r i j is. * r> . I T>V H NKWS AXDJIER A LD COMPANY, j __ ... I TKKHS, IS ADVANCE: One 1 car. ... - SI.50 Six Months. .... .75 MA' VEltTLiJXU HATES, CASH: On". do'.lat a square for the first insertion ; ami Fifty Certs for each subsequnt inser tion. Special rates for contract adver- j t '.Sv'rs. Mania^e and death notices free. Regu- j lar rates char-red for obituaries. Orders for Job Work solicited. Ail iuioir.css communications should be addressed t"> 1\ (i Dwijrht. All communications fur publication should ]?. addressed to V,\ D. Douglass. This newspaper is i.ot responsible for opinions Hi"! views oxpiesscd anywhere ;?!>* than in the editorial eoiuTii. Ail articles lor publication must be accompanied by the true name of the author and written * in rcspeetful langus ge and written on one side of the paj*er 'Inetrue agme required as an e\idence of jjood faith. WINNSBORO, S. C. Weduosday. Anynst 2. : : : 18S3 Frwce and Siatn is even worse than the United States and Chili, but on the same principle?might is right. Think of a Senator "pufling" himself in newspaper dispatcher That's Senator Irby'.s way of appearing great to his home people. Senator Infer has certainly padded nothing to his already doubtful reputation for courage by striking a gentleman as well up m years as G. \V. Shell, and then to at'.einpt te stab him j makes it all the more cowardly. I Capt. James II. Tillman tells some hard things on the Junior Senator from South Carolina. Having been a newspaper correspondent in Washington, he had the means of knowing pretty well how it happened that the Senator was puffed by Georgia papers. The confession of Thompson, the negro lynched in Lexington on Sanday, showed that he .and his companions in crime deserve death. We have 110 words of censure or condemnation - ? for the "mob." Thompson was guilty of a n)0?t outrageous crime, and it might as well be known that whenever it is committed the assailant, if caught, will be lynched, and lynched speedily and without ceremony. * It is a matter of pride and congratulation that in the midst ?f this epiof bauk failures the Southern banks stand so firm. Comptroller Kckles has complimented the banking institutim< of this section upon the "safe and conservative manner'-' in whiclu theyg are conducted, and says their management is highly commendable. Especially has S?uth Carolina to congratulate herself upon the absence of even the slightest flurry in her banking institutions. Pauley's reply to Irby is simply scorching in its tone, and as racy and se?^friLas.one could desire. The ^^^feyhas assumed a "now you Ifarlev s letter is full of plain words, lirst ridiculing then taunting our poor Junior Senator, and if that wortny lias not yet felt so it is safe to say that he now feels "lik a fool at a frolic." Maybe Jim Tillman's letter will add the finishing touch and complete Irby's "cap of sorrow." Meanwhile we are all interest as to the final result. President Craighead, of Clemson. is a man of sound sense as is demonstrated by his letter in regard to the recent troubles at that school. His letter should be read by every one who has children to send to school for it is applicable not alone to those who attend Clemson. It is a notorious fact that those who go to college with less money are among the first to kick against the fare, etc, etc. Then again lie comes at those parents who are foolish enough to tell their sons to come back if they do not like everything. For these "spoiled children" he says we have uo use. Ilis letter is what every president of a college will! endorse and he is very sensible to have written it. Columbia I>eserves It. In their references to the rccent meeting of the Press Association in Columbia, the Editors of the btate are j unstinted in their praise of the manner in which they were entertained by the people of ihe capital city during their stay. They were thoroughly impressed., too, with the many and substantial evidences of the city's rapidly increasing prosperity. These words of praise from the Editors is simply an expression of the interest in our capital city which is, or should be, felt throughout the State. IStnKon Threatened. i .Tudire Hudson, who enjoined the op-1 cuinir of the Dispensary at Darlington, the other day. but who was overruled by Associate" Justice Tope, of the Supreme Court, and the Dispensary allowed to open, has -till further shown his animus and would-be dictatorial power against the Administration by issuing an order requiring Dispenser Floyd and the County Board of Cohtrol to show cause why they should not be punished for contempt. In ; other words. Judge Hudson wants to ' put these men in jail because they obeyed the order of a Judge of the f _ Supreme Court rather than that of: Circuit Judge Hudson. Three other j Judges, with as much power as Judge j Hudson, have decided that the Dis-; pensary is constitutional, but Judge Hudson is so desperate about his chances of re-election that his latest decision smacks more of tyranny than justice. It" this is any evidence as to what length Judge Hudson would go l.rt - ! ?!/} urtirni- Iiatv -fvvwii JA. uv VUi; AJttvt liiv J'v ?? X'AV*.*.- I 2iatc it is that he did not succeed, in | the days of Bourbon rule, in inducing | the Legislature to establish a life-ten- j un^fg^Judgcs. exi step Judge Hudson ^^jssue an order against j ^ fenrinu that body- to j Kuld not be* at-1 his imperious | uu ijl . .-i? camacr r wm. m n ss decision. If there is anv possible way for the Judge to do t hi* we suggest that lie lose jio time, for by '''attaching" that "bodyv aiul holding on to it until lie can force a favorable verdict is about the only way the Judge will be able to further prolong his tenure of office.?Laurenscille Iler- ( aid. j ( It seems from the above tint some ] newspapers are determined to prove i that Judge Hudson is actuated by pre- ; judicc in his decisions on the Dispell- ( sary Act, even if they have to go out- | side i f true facts to establish their as- . sertic o. The Herald starts cut in the i above by asserting that Judge Hudson 1 wanted to put the Darlington Dispenser in jail for having disobeyed j the order of injunction granted by i him, when as a matter of fact the ] Judge had to issue a rule against the . Dispenser to shew cause why lie s-honld not be held for contempt, and His i Honor has decided that he had no power to hold him for contempt, eo this statement was premature. AVe think that when a Judge on the < oencli is criticised, the criticism should be directed to the weakness of his ' decisions, and not a mean, contemptible imputation of bad motives. It i will indeed be a bad day for South Carolina when our judiciary shall be awed by a fear of losing their office. We believe Judge Hudson is too high a man to be influenced by such threats, and will willingly surrender his office before he will render a decision not in accordance with his view of the law. The press of the State should not encourage such threats, but should strive te make the judiciary independent and untrammeled by a fear of losing office. AKE YOU GOIXG TO THE WORLD'S FAIR i If so, see that vour ticket reads via Cincinnati and ifc C. ti. Ji I), and Motion?:he acknowledged "Wo ld'.s Fair Route." The onlv line out. of Cincinnati conneciing wi'h E. T. V. & G. and Q. & C. train No. 2, arriving Cinrinuati lt.30 r. .v. A solid train carrying through sleepers from Ja:k*ouville, Savai n ih, Birmingham, Atlania, Chattanooga. Macon and New Orleans via E. T. Vr: & G., Q. & C., C. II. & D. j and Monon Route to Cbictgo. You can stop over in Cincinnati if your ticket leads via the C. H.&D. and the Motion Route, by depositing same with the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, Chamber of Commerce Bunding, cori.cr of Fourth and Vine Streets, one block from Fountain Square (the C. II. ?fc D. j ticket office is in the same building). J This enables you to visit the pictur esque "yaeen uuv- at no uuuiuuum cost, and special efforts will be made to entertain strangers lio<{ itably and j reasonably. | The universal verdict of the traveling public is that the Pullman Safety J Vestibuled train?, running every day, j "and Sunday too," via the C. 11. & D, I and Motion, between Cincinnati, In. j dianapolis and Chicago, are without j doubt ih3 "finest on earth." These j traiu> were especially bail? by tin | Pullman Companv for tkis service, j ami embrace every improvement. Their magnificent coache?, luxurious smoking cars, superb sleepers, observation cars, compartment sleeping cars and unexcelled dining car service, afford "all the comforts of home." Leaving Cincinnati you pass through the beautiful Miami Valley, and for twentv-five miles the double tracks rnn Mironwh the vcrv front door vards of the finest suburban homes in the country. Beyond Hamilton and up to Indianapolis, feline is noted for its Krftfiln orintjuika,?ay bs obtained by I ! depositing your ticket with the SecreI ury of the Commercial Club. This I city is more worthy of it visit than i almost any other of its size in the West,and offers the greatest inducements to traveller and tourist. Between Indianapolis aii Chicago the line traverses the very l?est agricultural and commercial territory, and the ride is one of unparalleled comfort and beauty. Bear in mind that the C. H. & I). ! and Mo?son Route trains ali run via Burnside Crossing, from which point ! the Illinois Central suburban trains j run direct to the World's Fair Grounds J every moment. At Englewood con neetion is made, with the electric cars, which run every five minutes to the grounds, but we recommend all persons to go directiv into the Dearborn Station, which is located in the heart of the city and from which all street car lines converge, then go directly by car or cab t? your hotel or boarding place. First locate yourself; know where and how you are to live while in Chicago. Get the locality firmly fixed in your mind, before going to the World's Fair by any of thA nnmprrtns convenient wavs: the cable cars, electric roads, elevated railroad, Illinois Central U. 11., suburban trains and i lie steamboats afford ample accommodation? for all possible visitors, and it is but five minutes ride from the business portion of the city to the grounds. Take your breakfast down town, buy yonr lunch at the ground?, and take your supper down town. If yon follow these suggestions you will save money. The facilities lor serving lunch at the World's Fmit f-J rounds are xtraonli nary and (ho prices are cheaper than I at your own home, but breakfast, and . snpper fcbould be taken down town, or at your boarding house. The World's Fair is already the most astounding and stupendous spectacle ever attempted by any people, acd a ' day's visit will afford more delight and instruction than can possibly be ; obtained in any other war or br the same expenditure of money. For farther particulars, descriptive pamphlet?, rates, etc., address E. A. iiOOVER, ( General Advertising Azent C. II. & , D. E. R.. No. 200 W. Fourth St., \ Cincinnati, O. tatk of Ohio, City of Toledo, ) Lucas Couxty. $ w J Fkaxk J. Cheney makes oath that he is the senior partner of the firm of , F. J. Ciikxey & Co., doing business , in the City of Toledo, County and , State aforesaid, and that said firm will pay the sum of ONE IIUXDRED , DOLLARS for each and every case of ( Catarrh that cannot be cured by the , use of Hall's Catarrh Cure. FRANK J. CIIEXEY. Sworn to before me and subscribed j in niv presence, this Oth day of Dc- < cember, A. P., 188G. $ seal I A. \\\ OLE A SON. ( ?~ S Xotary Public. . Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally { and acts directly or. the blood and : mucous surfaces of the system. Send t for testimonials, free. F. J. CIIEXEY & CO., Toledo. O. j ;:=r"SoM by Druggists, 7.5c. ^ mickien'h arqicn oaivn. ^ The Bkst Salve in the world for Cuts, J Bruises. >ores, Ulcers, Sait Rheum, Fever * Sores, Tetter, Chepped Hands, Chill plains, J Corns, and al! Sk'in Eruptions, and posi- \ lively cures Piles, or no pay required P 5 is guaranteed to ?ive perfect satisfaction, or money refunded. Price 2.-5 -;nts Dei box. For sale by Mr&as'er & Co. ' MR. IIORR OX SIT.VER. I first Reply to Senator Stewart-?Mr. Ilorr ! Selects tlie Viral Points of Mr. Stewart's Preliminary -Argument for Attack?Atten'ion to l?e Given to the Other Points 15e.'i?rc ctiivring up.)n a direct reply o tti- article of Senator Stewart, I dc ire i?' >i>I* a lew proportions in refei t-uci: 1 i lie development and wel- | [are ot the iiuuian race which I con- J >ider well si-uted. Ail animal life i? dependent upon I t nee things?air to biCathe, swuicIhing to eat, ai.d something to drink. Air, water and food are a 11 :-.bso!nte necessities to the su-tenan.;-; of animal . life and human existent:. As a rule, air forces itself into every j nook and c?rner of the world, and i-| ready for use without human labor, j L'tinsccjuenilt it lias no commercial ; value as compared uiili other articles, j This is nut true :ir%va\s. Sometime* in 'he mill s ot ilie world certain j noxious vapors ining'ft ?viI!j the air I and render it destructive to life \vhei. j breathed into the .un?s ot human bein^-. In .-ucli cases the foul air muU be forui'U out and pure air j forced in, in order to sustain life. To i rio tnat requires human cflbrt ?labor. Instantly pate air in tho*c mines be-; ?<>mes <ommercialij valuable, and its! ra'ue is measured, i:i the li:ia! analy.-is, i bv the amount if human iflbrt re-j quired t? force it into li:e mine; the! raw luateiial costs noiliing. Something to drink-water?i< also' supplied in abundance b- nature und c..n be hud by simply taking it, us all animals procure it. and ordinarily it has no commercial value. Cut whenever the human family desire t > use t;a:er iu places wlieie it is not >np- j plied by nature icady for use, Uvn water becomes an article of commercial J value, and its price is also measured, | in the tinal analysis, simply by the amount of human labor which it takes j to furnish it in the desired place. | Again the raw material costs nothing, j hi the case ot food, nature does not provide it ready for u-c, 111 snc!i abund nice as air and water. In some places where fruits are abundant and pupil'at ion scarce, food can be procured with as liitlo effort as drink; j and when surrounded by such c<>u-j diiioiis, f-ied possesses no commercial value. l>nt. a> a rule, taking tlie world at large, the lbod lo sustain animal life among most of the brute cieation ami uearlv a I of tlje human family its obtained onlv by exertion, llence the lirst ai tide that had commercial value in the worlj was some kind of food, and the value of that, too, was determined by the amount of labor required to procure it. Next to these three absolute necessities lor human existence came shelter from storm?, protection ngainst destruction by wild animals, which would destroy human life in order to su.tain their own, a place to get restful sleep. Hence came iht? use of caves, wigwams, houses. Then fol-! lowtd protection fioin the excess of cold; and clothing soon became a com tort, and sometimes a necessity, j We m?w have named nve inings, which may be said to comprise the necessities of comfortable human existence: Pnre air to breathe; good water to cliink; wholesome food to eat; a place in which one will b^ safe from s.'irin, where he can sieep in security and get perfect rest, a home; and clothing to wear. WHAT GIVES TAI.LE TO ANYTHING. Food for man is u-uallv procured only by exertion; and primarily its commereid ralue was measured siinplv by tbe amount of human effort n quired to procure it. The same was true of all clothing, of oil houses, of all commodities which had any market value. Hence what first yave commercial value to any article was human toil. The amount of human eflort ^required toiHOtfiice or procure it iBxedl. ~?t- ? -lcpiuce il wnten once destroyed or parted with. I have little doubt that the first unit of value when one was adopted was determined by the amount of human effoit n qul eil to produce it. Whin men came to trade, they did it by ''barter," an exchange of one commodity for another, which was in reality only an exchange of one man's labor for that of another: No doubt, for eges no other k'nd of commerce was known. Such a thin^ as moneyhad not yet been dreamed of, which is simply saying that no substance had vor In lio n5 woi'fM'ul medium of exchange. In other words, noihing had yet been discovered which would be received by all people in exchange for any and all articles, and j which would pass from hand to hand eviM*> where as the ineasuie of value, or would be hoarded that it might be used as money at seme future time. Liter in the growth of the human race gold and silver were selected as such articles and came to be used as monev, simply because they possessed qualifies that adip'ed them to that purpose, and the cost in human labor j of producing them measured the value! of each. It was still an exchange ofj "day's work." Ilf-nce the only thing j that could have bien consideied in; making an cxchango wa-; quantity and i quality, weight ai d fineness. it' not ; in ( x*ci words, at any rate in cllect, j parties agreed upuii how much human i loil a horse represented, and then how j much or silver represented the same aniouut of human efl'>rt, and i the exchange took placi?. Just so long as coinage simply j stated the weight and gmranieed the j firtnnncc t\\c* nn n?iif f\f rolno ' was needed exocpr the amoun' ofI labor represented. Every transiction | vras a simple exchange ef one ariiclc j for another; and all this perplexing i bother about, a "standard of value" i has come from nations giving a coin ! some arbiiiarv name, which did not: desiguate c.u-intity, and then con>ti [ tilting that coin tiie "unit of value''] and fixing by law of what weight and | fineness ot soiae metal or metal- such j c>in should be composed. LABOR THE BASIS OK VALUE. < Let me repeat: Originally the value j of every ai tide was measured by the; amount of human exertion required to secure or produce it. Hence ihe first! unif ot value was, in effect, soni2 fixed j amount of human effort. The natural [iivi?ion of human effort was into I time?duration of < fi'urt. The original ; measure or vauie was prouauty a j ;<dav's work." What we call 'barter" iva< simply, in reality, an exchange of 'May's wotk-." At rii>t .-kill. the u*c machinery, improved method* of transportation, advantages which c.?me . from the use of accumulated capital, he use of rnotey. were small factors,: f any, in the production of the world. All th'Si came Lter with the growth' >f the human race, wi h wl.ut we cull ;civil:/.at'on.J'. It will occuiious to liitd, alter a'l he ages of struggle and growth, that . niman exertion, ei her mental or j jhvsical, or bDJh combined, is j-till ; he real element of commercial value tithe civilized world, as it was in! he primal days of man. Menial | fxertion is more valuable than physical, simply tiecku-e it cneapens production >f ihe necessities ar.d com furls of life, j >r because it supplies some demand of! ;ivil;zation which can only be HippKcd )y the highest order of human intelli-1 fence. Ilence skilled labor has al- ' *ravs been more valuable than un- i skilled. LABOR ML'ST BE CONSIDERED. In order that the human race may | ei'j'jy what we call "life," two thiuors J arc very necessary. Firs!, good health,! which can bo .-ecuri-d only by a j sufficiency of ilie necessities of life, | with a fair addition of it? comforts? clothing and houses. Secondly, freedom from worry or anxiety about the future, which i> largely found in security for finurc supplies. To hf mnrp pyrtlif.il. am* ivstpm i svliici- s-ecures 10 a man ihe power of j procuring' the necessities of life for himself ami his lamily, ami enables him to ?ave .-ometiiii?ir to u-e in case j ot sickncss, which will impair his I ability to work, or old nirf, which j will destroy his power to labor, will j relieve l.in: from an anxiety which i might otherwise render life almost in- ! tolerable. From this fart sprang, the desire ot accumulation. The desire to provide against the wants of ihe futuie is so strong that it is second onlv to the desire to provide for present want?. Hence it is tint in every l'.?r:n OI Civil XtlMMl lllL' IlCClllIUliUllUII t/i. property has always been one of the strongest motives to human ell'jrt. The same principle, which made it right Jt'or a human being to appropriate to his own use an article procured by his own effort, in order that he might meet the cravings of hunger or guard against the disasters of cold and storms, also gave him the right to preserve and keep for future use what he did not need for that day's consumption. Thus 1 ho right of ownership comes from the light to control one's own labor or the product of labor. Jf tie foregoing st site men is are cornel, thru any system of civilization which secures to human effort the best returns, which, while leaving a man hi< freedom, sjcusc^ to all* who wili hib >r a cenainty c-f "receiving a suflio'.e icy ot' the necessities of life, with ihe addition of as many comforts as possible, and leaves a margin for accuuiula'i >11 to those who are m?st intelligent, energetic, industrious and frugal, and which will do this under conditions compatible with good iiHfilth?I roneat such a svstem i.-> the be?~t which unman ingenuity can devise. If the abjvc proposition is correct (and I ask Mr. Stewart to point out its detects.) then the most important question in settling1 any system of finance must. be to determine what method will secure to the human family not only its freedom but the best returns for all kinds of human effort, physical and mental, ilcnce the main factor in such a decision anisL always be, as it was in the beginning, lo secure to all the human family good returns for work actually done each daw WE MUST AID THOSE WHO EAKN\ Any statesman or philosopher who examiucs any question ami proposes any mode of action and leaves out of his calculations how his plan will aflect the pay for labor, ignores the most important part of the subject and is simply giving his attention 10 a, mere "sideshow." My first criticism 011 the article of Mr. Stewart is, tai<en as a whole, that he has done just that aad nothing eise. IIis whole .lim seems to be to enable people who have run into debt to pay their debt> without returning full value for what :hey received, and he nowhere takes into his acoom.t the much larger army of the human family who live week in and week out, on tluir daily carnirgs. lie tells us that our pnsent "dollar" buys too much of ihu necessities and comfons of life. Where he can iind one man who will say that i will agree to lind five who will state that it buys 4\f f*\\7 j Klfl t \ All IUU llltJC. ? uv; ? i \J >? ill V/Illii^vivn can always be measured by tie increasing amount of neces=iiic> and comforts which come to the human family as the entire result of each day's tehor. The great question of lf:c, th"-?. >s not so to legislate its muAt-^^y to help those Who P" ' . iNuwnere m this whole article .of Mr. Stewart's has the wage-earner (and the great bulk of (he human family are wage-earners) received the slightest attention. ] leave it for him to explain why he has thus attempted "to play'Hamlet"and "left Hamlet entirely out of the play." AX UXCn.\X<;iXG STANDARD IMPOS:!DLK. He tells us, "there is some difficulty in securing an exact standard of value." Why did he not state the real fact, "that no exact standard of value caa I be secured f Tne yardstick is fixed ;uid iis length determined by an unerring experiment iu physical science. The weights used on our scales, the s*ze of our halfbushel measure and the pint cup are determined by other unchanging laws of physical science. If these measures should all bi destroyed they can be produced exactly by scientific methods. They can always* be kept precisely the same. No such tiling is possible in the case of'4a standard of value." All that human ingenuity can do is t > select some substance which varies in commercial value as little as possible and which is subj.'ct to as few Midden lluciuations as possible. It matters not what substance is taken, some variations in value, either up or.'own, will occur; but if such variations are slaw and amount to little in considerable periods of time, they will not seriously allect the use ot the staadard, because the great bulk of human transactions arc completed in a shoit time. The vast majority of financial dealings arc closcd within cach month. Some few run six months and a year, some from two to ten years, and a few la:\<rft transactions run through i loner series of years; but these are all usually the issuing of long-time obligations by governments er large corporations, which cannot be provided for in the fixing ol any standard. DOUCI.E STANDARDS. A standard of value has been said to be "an ideal something*'; but when the unit by which we arc lo measure commercial values is fixed it must of j necessity be so fixed by naming a certain quantity of something. The standard could be ot anv substance which has commercial value. It lias been for ages either gold or silver, or both, as has been deemed best by the wi-e men of each nation. A few vmis nrrn most of the civilized nations used both; today nearly all of them arc using" gold only. A double standard is a mental impossibility, except when the two are substantially one. I The moment they separate much in j value confusion must arise. The trouble all comes, it seems t.> me, from governments having mod- ! died too much in business transactions. The coining of money should never i have been anything other than fixing the "quantity and quality" of the mental in each piece. Then all contracts would have been made in so much s-urc gold or so much pure sil- i vcr. No "legal tender" laws would I have been needed. The tender in j each case would have been the thing : designated in each contract or bar-1 gain" I Dodge it as best we can, in the end all trade is simply an exchange of one product of human labor for some other product. (Jold and silver arc two such products: and their value is j determined the same as other commodities by the cost of production and the uses to which they arc put; by supply and demand: and the demand for them :i> money, and their use as ?u<-h, is a large element in lixing their value as commodities. Gold and silver arc used in all nai I lions as money, without regard to < whether the nation ha? a gold stand- : ard, a silver standard, or a double : standard. More than twice as much i silver is utilized today as money than was being used as such in 1*7:5. Hence the real controversy between Mr. Stewart and myself is not as to i the use o? silver as money, but as to the advisability of changing the standa ../I svC O <?V\M Mllf? tA n ttlli VI \iilUU A I 'Mil J.VIV.4 ^ silver standard, or to a double standard. wiiv Mi.vi:t: i- no i.?>n<;i:k tiii: staxdAUD. Senator Stewart claims that the fall in the price of silver has been oceasio!;cd by the exclusion of it a- a standard of value, and that on tli.it account gold has been going up in pr ee and other productions have fallen in price, and that men who owe money are compelled t? pay a much larger value n<>u* than the sum their obligations called for at the lime they were given, lie says that values have fallen 40 per cent since 1*73. T .!/?.?? 11'IiaIA <^nniM*ol 1 t T All JL t-HJIIN J 1 I "5 \\ I1UIV> pi vj/ucivivi. in toto. 1 assert that the silver standard lias been largely discarded by the world because silver has become cheaper and cheaper, owing to the same causes which have cheapened other articles, and because the fluctuations in its price arc so sudden that it has become a poor substance to use as a standard. 1 claim that this change of standard iias been caused by agencies largely outside of the demonetization of silver. Senator Stewart virtually claims that what lie seeks is a cheaper dollar. I shall maintain that the substitution 1 of a cheaper dollar for our present one will injure more people than it will help, and would be a stab at the price of human effort?of work both mental and physical. The difference between us is radical, and the two positions are irreconcilable. TEMPER OK TIIE DERATE. I < l.A _/-??1 f f O tr Al'/l OO f A T lirt I III 11HJ 'UU13CVJ V41V, j i spirit of tliis debate. I had supposed that we were to try and examine the ! question from the standpoint of a | wise political economy and real statcs! mansiiip. Why, then, dues he call the resort to the single gold standard a "scheme of the bondholders and money loaners to ! obtain a fraudulent and wicked ad- j vantage?*" He tells us that the "advocates of this wicked scheme have the effrontery to claim for it an honest purpose." The spirit of his entire article is based upon the claim that the men who difl'er with him, and who favor the present gold standard, are a set of robbers and a combined gang of I thieves. Is it possible that tne setia| tor does not know the difference between vituperation and argument? Calling men hard names proves nothing. As a rule, such talk is in danger of being called by those who prefer strength to elegance "die merest rot." It would be easy for me to retaliate. A gentleman stated to me the other day that there is no prominent advocate of the free coinage of silver in this country who is not either an owner of silver mines or a paid attorney of the Silver Syndicate. He asserted that Senator Stewart and A. J. Warner, both active advocates of free coinage arc now being paid, and had been paid for years, for their work in favor of free coinage by such a syndicate. I doubt the truth of his statement. But, even if true, the fact would have nothing to do with the question we j arc to discuss. A man might advo- j | cate a system which would be beneli- \ I cinl for fhc nconle even if naid fori doing it. So a man may occasionally buy a bond, or loan some money, and still be neither a schemer nor a thief. Men of mean? are sometimes just as liontat.. just as patriotic and just as philanthi-iuie as those who have little. There may uc--m)T1p * time in this country,"" ana ivho"*^ i0 from no selfish motives. It is possible for men to differ aw>ut I a question so full of complications as I this one and not be scoundrels on either side. 1 approach the question with the following1 environment: I own 110 bonds; am not a money loaner: am in debt to some extent. If I could pay what I owe with a cheap dollar it might seem nice to me. I prefer, however, to be a little longer in paying, and feel sure that I return as good a dollar as the one loaned me. I sought (he loan. It was not forced upon me. Indeed, the money was loaned me more in a spirit of "kindness than as,a matter of speculation or profit. But I am a wage-earner. I have lived most of my lifetime on pay for work done. Sometimes my pay has been good, sometimes not so'good. I am personally interested in having my wages paid me in geed meney. But no more so than is every other man who works for fixed wages. In ! my present position on the Tnbime I am perfectly untrammelled. Xo man connected with the management of this paper has ever attempted in the least to induce nic to advocate any particular side of this or any other question. The only instruction I have ever received is this: ''Try and find out the truth, and advocate only what you honestly believe will be Inst, for the country." In view of these facts, 1 now beg Senator Stewart hereafter to confine his articles to a discussion of ho.v his system will :ifleet the welfare of the j people of the United States first, and ! j then afterward the rest of the world, j | If he finds it impossible to believe that a man can diller with him and be honest, he should endeavor to suppress his indignation at the bulk of mankind during this debate, lie should do this the more willingly because the expression of feeling can in no way strengthen a single fact which has any bearing upon the subject under i | dispute. Now for his facts. ! QUANTITY ALONE DOKS XOT FIX IMilCES. The s'atements upon which he buses liis argument arc manifold. First lie claims the quantity of money which is used as the standard of value, compared with all the oher property of the world, controls value and fixes prices. 1 deny that. It is for him to prove. lie says: "The value of money, equally with tho value of the other commodities, is governed by ihe law of supply and demand, and depends upon the quantity." That statement j maybe cdied really brilliant! Ilcrc; if. is in another form. The value ofi money is governed by the quantity I (the supply) and the demand and depends upon the quantity/' "Why use the qualification "and demand" in one part of tlie sentence and omit it in I the other? Ilis statement, to prove [ what he desired to prove should have [ been. '-The value of money, unlike every other commodity, is governed ! by the supply alone, and hence de- j pends upon the quantity and nothing j else.*' Indeed his whole argument is based upon the statement that quantity alone determines value, which is never true. riliri:? X EVE IJ STATIONARY. To prepare for this position, he stated earlier that "the general range : of prices would be comparatively stationary if measured by a true stand- j ard. A standard of value which, when compared with the aggregate of ; all property, except the standard, i would maintain substantially the same range of prices would be a true stand- i ard." ( The first statement 1 deny. The j ?asa?aaeaa?age?manaamamu mui,ia? ??c general range of prices is not stationary ; it never will be. The entire effort ami result of civilization is to cheapen :<' pr -V'cts and to secure more of everything- for each day's work a mau performs with liands or head, or both. Articles mat aie produced by human toil alone without the aid of inventions would advance in price as wages <ro up. But the ingenuity of man has been constantly devising ways to produce articles by compelling the forces of nature to do a large part of the work, and, on that account production is sec nr. d with so much less human toil that uages have been constantly driven u[> and the price of articles driven down. Of what use is the second part of the statement when we all know that no such ideal standard is p ssible? It is inipo>>ib!e to conceive of a standard (at least it is for mo) which would not itself be .subject to some fluctuation, and which would not be affected by the same law* which govern all commodities. When compared with human effort, gold has been growing cheaper and cheaper for the last fifty years. That is, every kind of a day s work of a human being commands more and more gold, as well as more of oilier products as civilization advances. Indeed, that civilization may be said to be the highest where wages of all kinds arc the best. Gold has no doubt gone down 111 price for the last twenty years, but not so much as many other articles, and perhaps not so much as an average of all other products. HAS (JOI.D INCREASED IN PKICE? Whether gold, when compared with all other articles, has been constantly increasing in price, is a question about which the men differ who have examined it the most carefully and laboriously. Senator Stewart "ought to have known that such is the case; and yet he asserts its large increase in price, as if the nronosition were undisputed. When compared with human labor, I know that gold has been growing cheaper and cheaper. I do not think, however, it has fallen in price so much as the bulk of other articles, and simply because its production has not been aided as much by labor-saving methods as has the production of other articles; and because, also, the increase in quantity has not outstripped its uses as much as has been the case with other products. In order to give plausibility to his theory he asserts that the gold of the world, used as money, has been a stationary quantity for twenty years. I deny the statement and challenge him to prove it. Such is not, so far as I know, claimed by any good authority. Here is a table showing the production of gold in the world from 1S73 to 1892, inclusive: 1873 8 90,200,000 187-1 90,750,000 1875 97,500,000 187 G 103,700,000 187 7 113,974,000 187 8 119,092,000 187 9 108,778,800 1S80 100,436,700 *1 AO AftA AAA 15S1 j 1332 101,996,000 1883 95,392,000 1881 101,729,000 188 5 108,435,000 188 6 ; 106,162,000 188 7 105,775,400 188 8 110,196,900 188 9 123,489,200 189 0 120,465,300 189 1 126,158,200 i 189 2 131.158,200 Total $2,170,389,100 That statement is taken from the report of our Director of the Mint. I find in <>.*.e who claims that the loss In wear and by use in the arts am] sciences during that length ol time exiMtdi $1)00,000,000. A?Iuii> - ' - - -<?t.? > .? thoti Ill]"" I 111 S IJIgll C&UIHatU iu UU ...... - - ? * - -^- ' gold in tlic world in the last nineteen years the enormous sum of ov<r I SI.-200,000,000. However, some of the [ tno^t careful aunlc nt5 u( tiatistlcs claim -vi^at i ho sum takrn lrotn the rti^jey ?up{Av dutiug that time does not exoccd $500,000,000. If tbis estimate be the truy o?ie, tneu lhe increase of gold i:i ihti world to* the la-t nineteen years has been over $ I,too,000.000. I will now give a table iVo^ the same source, showing lhe anion :t oi sold in circulation in the United Siales from 1879 to 1S92, inclusive: 157 9 $201,155,547 158 0 359,S45,200 1881 484,267,45S 155 2 571,794,835 155 3 025,120,703 18S4 643,802,097 1S85 729,920,170 ifiRfi 721 947.700 188 7 770,609,152 188 8 847,842,005 188 9 833,112,057 189 0 S53,12(5,108 189 1 799,069,27S 1S92 820,614,375 i lam aware that these arc simply j estimates ami estimates only. What! statistician has cycr prepared a table I which shows t:ie {fold money of the world to be a stationary quantity ? I have lailcd to iind any such table. COI.D (JOES FARTHER NOW. l'hat the quantity < f <rold has not increased as fast as the business of the world has increased, 1 admit. But it does not tak<; as much ?fold to do the same amount < f i tHinesi today as it former!} d'd. Human ingenuity has ilevi.-eii methods so that $100 in gold will do Hie s:i mu v. oik I hut moie than $2,000 ibed to do. Ue:ice, the statement that quantity alone determines the value ot gold is iicorreci. This increasfd power of gold, which enables one dollar to do tho work that twenty or more dollars used to do, diminishes the actual demand for the metal rselt', and hence prevents the price of gold from going up in proportion to the amount of business done in the world. Ninety-five per cent of ihe business of this country is done without the actual exchange of a dollar ofcurreucv; and yet it is ail done on a gold ba<K Hence, quantity is not the measure of value, unless other thing* are equal, and they never are equal. It would be correct to say that, all otuer imugs uemg rquai, me quauiuy ot water in a running stream will measure its value as a power to be used to aid man in the production of commodities. Yet the same quantity of water, turning oulv one oldfashioned undershot wheel, will not compare in its benefits with tiie power obtained from the same quantity of water, when one hundred mills are located along the banks of the stream at successive falls and the same water is used over and over again with turbine wheels, which have taken the place of the under.-hots and thus increased the power in ca :h mill obtained from using the same water. MONET REALLY LOWER IX l'RICE. Without regard to statistics, will Senator S ewart explain, if money has increased in value as he says it has, how does it happen that money in 1870 brought 7 per cent interest here iii the United States; and that today, when he says the dollar is so much more valuable, money on the same security can be borrowed at 4 and i> per cent interest? Such is the fact and is well known to all business men. if money has increased in value so as to reduce the price ot f.rticles so much, such valuable money should be worth msre to use than the cheaper money when we had the double standard; but the fact is, it brings less, a ^ood deal less. Could such be the Why Not Rid. Victor Bicycles are first in t lead the world of cycledom. OVERMAN W BOSTON, WASHINGTON, I case if money were scarce and more < valuable? Do not forget that all this 1 4 and 5 per cent, money is based on J gold. h WHAT HAS SENT SILVER DOWN. 11 Lotus now see if changing our j; standard to a gold one is really what j! has driven down the price of silver, i ] We will examine the history of the; world and of ihis country as to the!, production of these two metals: I find that previous to the year 1873 j! there had been produced in the United States of Hold $1,229.28G,769, aud of silver $153,522,000. From 1873 up to 1891, inclusive, there were produced $675,595,000 worth of ?old, and $879,520,000 worth of silver. Te pat the 1 proposition in another form, previous to 1873 the value of the gold product.i in the United States was <ight times j as mucii as the value ot the silver,: while dnriiiif the nineteen YC/it's si net; i 1S73 the value of the silver produced: has bion ?200,000,000 in exce.-s of i he j value of the g?ld product. Cau it b* j possible that such an increase in tne quantity of silver produced could l'ail to reduc?. the price of the article? But it will be chimed, and rightly too, that the production in ihe United States alone does not settle t he problem; that gold and silver are the ir.oney of the whole world; and that the production of the entire world should be considered in studying this problem. Very well! After a careful examination of the tubles 1 find that from | the year 1850 up to 1873 the value of the gold produced in the whole norld was about six times the value of the silver produced in the >ame time. During these \ears the ratio between gold and silver remained about the same, being 1 U 15 1-2 or 1 to 1G Since 1SG3 more value of silver has been produce I than of gold, nearly one-third nioi e, anu ine prouucuon gold has not decreased, bat steadily increased, The gold production has been running troin $90,750,000 in 1874 up to $120,150,000 ii? 1891. During the last three \ears almost us much silver in value has been coined in the whole world as gokl. During these three wars there was coi' ed of gold $438,307,39S; of silver, $425,782,498. During those same three years there was produced of gold in the world $369,913,000: of silver, at its commercial value in the same period, $400,654,000, but at its coining value, $622,07G,000. Can any one study the foregoing figuies and be at a loss to determine whether silver has gone down or gold has gone up? Can i'. be possible to have sucii an enormous increase in the nrotlnc.iion of one metal, as compared Triili the production of another, without this enormous increase of supply affecting the pries, of jhe particular motal me supply of vvlli<Tn Is>o? ? -1,. increased? It this is not the tact, will some one I tell me why the difference i<i the relative value ot gold and silver has been for a?es growing larger and larger? I find that a tew centuries ago eight pounds of silver were woi tfo one pound ?>t gold. A century later it took ten pounds of silver to buy o?ie pound of gold. Two hundred years after that it took twelve pounds of si Ivor to purchase one ot gold. Then a century later it took thirteen and thirteeh and a lnlf of silver for one of gold/ Then it increased to fifteen and a haii; and for a century it ranged Leuveon tifieen and sixteen poundi of silver f?r one ot gold.' Since 1873 the gip has again be. n widened; and now ii laWe- over twenty pounds ot silver to buy one ol gold. (Jan any one for a tnonunt believe that the difference in valu< l.as been very tnuch caused by legislation? That difference kept growing greater and cater iong before any laws were I passed on the subjec;. i do not U;ii ve, 11 ?n i:ic naiuns or the earth suou.u comb ue to past siih legislatioP, that the old ratio ?.f 1 to 15 1-2 con:d at present be secured. 1 be'iivo this because i k-el c-.-rtain that I the variations between ilie price of I jjtcjId and silver have been brought about br ;ij:eiicn? entirely ou^ide ol and beyond the contro uf ! ^i> a:itiv?. if such a '*pronri eminence" an be obtained :or silver l:v The cimple c.iaot- : ment ot law, why ia>t go flush r and j restoie si.ver to thai -*pr. udcr eini- < nence" which it held 500 year* ago, when the ratio was 1 to 10? Or why not aim stil! higher and gut back to the ratio ot 1 to 8, which obtained in the earlier centnrio? It the oi:e thing can be dune by law, why cannot the!; other? * >! Is it not possible that these "free ' silver men'' may be mistaken? Is it 1 not possible that there are certain j great laws which govern the price of ( all Cviiomoditi.s which are entirely j beyond the reach of legislative enact- 1 ments? 1 NOT FRIGHTENED UT ' FIAT*' MONEY. I am aware that Senator Stewart advises the adoption ?t his views, and intimates that unless thdt be done the i pp?ple will go further and adopt the I "fiat mcney" theory. I refuse to be { sc-ired. If a phy>ioiau Mi?nld se?k to induce mo to abandon b?'< f-icak as a:i article of food ai.d to accept arociuc ' in it?i stead, I should refus:?ib?o- J liuely refuse Nor could h? induce i mp 10 try the arsei.ic by stating tha.; if j J 1 did no: acccpl the change of diet:] uhicli he proposed some 01 e would: come along ami compel tiu t > take, stnehnine. 1 wenld ligomualy re i fuse boili; 1 shou'd stick to the sirloin It seems to me that the vital mis-. take made by ail the advocates of tree siiVer cwinage is this: they persistently ignore the laws ot produc ion and overlook :ne lucior or n:imau (uon, which is always such a. luige element [ in fixing the prici of any commodity. : They seem to think that legislation,.' and that alone, can create ami change : commercial values. Their mistake is \ a serious one. j( Suppose the nations of the world ? should all combine and pass laws de- a daring that hereafter five bushels of, } oats should always be worth three j bushels of wticat! Docs Senator i Ssfproiirf iniH</nift lhat kimti a rat o of, 1 value could h: that way ba permanently! . established. If n^t, why uot? COLD ALSO MAY liE DISCARDED. ' < Do not misunderstand ine! It is stated by scientific men that the waters v .'-.:s - -r- ?' e the Best? ^ ires and improvements, and HEEL CO. Denver, san Francisco. Df the ocean hold in suspcnsien many Limes as much gold as all which has lVtoan ^nor -frnm the bowels I1CJ VtViVl v VVVil v*?0 A* ^ md washed oat from the surface of llie earth by the human race. An expert in such matters is endeavoring to secure that gold of the ocean by the aid of electricity, which, he claims, } ^ can be used so as to cause the gold to be deposited on copper plates at small expense. Suppose this experiment should prove a success, and* by that V invention tbc supply of gold should be increased each year tenfold with small * additional cost "of labor and capital! Will Senator Stewart please tell me whether in such an event the price of gold would not go down ? More than that, does he believe that the laws of all nations of the world combined :nuch le>s those of any one natiouV could prcvctit^4ftiickjwiij pOi?rtiv<faiT"? cheaper jnst as surely and naturally as water runs down hill. <fl| More than that, the world would at ^ once, should such a state of affairs occur, discard g?ld as the standard of values, it would be dene, not because the world is made up of thieves and robbers, but because geld would then be unfitted for a standard. Its price would be subject to such con- ~ stant and rapid fluctuations that it would cease to be a safe standard or 1 measure of values. i That is my -judgment of what has taken place as to silver. The enormous increase in its production, together with the diminished amount of human exertion required to produce ' each ounce, combined, has caused its * _ - 3 1 JS 1 value, as compared wim goiu, 10 uec?me less and less; and this change is so rapid that silver is no longer a safe standard of value. A CHANGE WOULD ROB HIE PEOPLE. Believing this, can any one wonder that this whole effort to make 371.25 grains of pure silver a legal "dollar" seems to me to be simply an effort to _ get a higher price for a commodity than it is really worth? For'many years that amount of silver was a good "dollar," because in those years that amount of silver was worth just about the same as 23.2 grains of pure gold all over the world; but such is no 1 longer the case. To attempt to forces > such a "dollar" inro use at its former value seems to me simply an effort to get something unrighteouslv for nothing ' . Nothing is clearer to my mind' thau that the message of such a law by our > " ^ u * ? u?o; uoveruiueill WOUIU uuiua^v; tilt mniness of this country and lead to a terri- . bie disaster. I am also very sure that it would rob every man in the States who receives wages for his I have carefully _examined every . =^.1 senator Stewart's long1 . M article. Many of his statements are no doubt true; a few of Jiem are jfl| doubtful; many of them are by no means true; and some of them seem f' ^ to me terribly false. J TThe length* of this article prevents ] me from commenting upon them all now. 1 have endeavored, however, io select a few of the most important, and J promise to give attention to more of them hereafter. R G. Hon it. See the Wo rhl's Fair f or Fifteen Cents. . 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