University of South Carolina Libraries
VOL. XLVI. WINNSBOBO, S. C., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 9, 1892. NO. 30. ?? zs ? ? . ? ?^ * T\?IU) TILLMAN' AT NEWBERRY.! 1 HE GIVES HIS VIEWS ON AGRICULT- j URAL DEPRESSION. The J?nactiu*ct of thti .Lien Lhw Hastened It i?ua the Stock Law Completed It. D*bt? Ca2;not IIj P:tid bv liaising Cwt ton at a JLoss. ]Sewdei:i:v, .S. C, Feb. 27?Governor Tillman spoke h-:;re to day to a meeting called for the purpose of discussing the agricultural situation and the necesssty of reducim: the colton acreage. The opera house in which the mating was held was well lilled by about TOO people, most of whom was "from the country. Governor Tillman devoted himsrlf almost exclusively to the subject m hand, and although his recent lllntss had left him week and incapable of any extend[ ed effort, made an address full of sound sense, and wb:ch mgniy commenuea iir L self to the audience and evoked fre quent applause. ?| On the sta^e wr-e I)r. Suapson Fope, B Col. J. L. Keitt, Kev. W. C. Shafer, Hon. j. A. Sligb. J. S. Hare, Dr. W. E. Lake III and the inevitable and indispensible Bk newspaper men. Among the audience IH were several prominent men of the III The'merting was called to order by Hon. J. A. iUigh. and prayer was cffer|1| ed by Rev. W. C. Shafer. After a few introductory rem3rks1M^fl#ffiTtfr5S* BL dent of the CouaSy AiBSnce, introduce^ T <?> )an who was created P enthusiastic applause, intinlly as fellows: i, Fellow Citizens of >unty: lad to respond to any zens of any County to m on any topic affectilfare. Your invita5 the agricultural outlook and the condition of the farming: interest and kindred interests bearing on it. Agriculture is the basis of all wealth, the fouadat on cn which society rests. 4 crvmutViiTior tchif?h ftnP X4U f 1VV M ?* M?VM w . j has a superabundance and is willing to give on all occassions, but which tew ever take. [ \V? are confronted b? a condition * which is blue, indeed. Never in my recollection since 1865 have we been face to face with a prospect so gloomy. Before the war every plantation was self-sustaining. Oar farmers bought very little of the necessaries of life, and cotton was a surplus crop. From causus which I will point out we have reversed the order of things. We have changed the economy of the farm and in large measure depend on one crop to buy ovorit'hincr tvn ?rp tvimneliprl t.n have. The present condition of overproduction?too much cotton?was predicted by me seven years ago in a speech at Bennettsville.aud I set to work to bring about some chasge as far as discussion would do it. What has produced tbis revolution? I say in soberness and truth that by every measure m our power we have driven our people to the culture of cotton alone. How? One of the greatest causes was tne enactment of the lien law. The enactment of this law placed credit on the crop before it is planted. It placed the man of character and the man without it on the same plane. The honest, and dishonest, the intelligent and ignorant, the industrious and lazy, were all placed on the same level. It placed the value of the crop in the bands of those who did the buying, and | all went to planting cotton because debts were payabie in cotton. The Legislature is largely responsible for the condition of cotton. The effect has bten to make cotton the crop to buy everything eise with, and this, together with the rental system, brought about the enactment of the stock law. The people said we can't make money out "of stock, so why keep up the fences, and so the stock law came. Stock raising disappeared and people turned tneir attention more and more* to cotton. Other ills have followed the culture - W of cotton. One is the increased use of ft fertilizers. Every year we pay over m $3,000,000. There is no rotation of crops, R and no aitempt to preserve the land, gal We kill grass niue months in the year and then buy Northern hay. F^reseegjl ing this condition of affair?, I. with others, endeavored to put on toot Clem9ft son College, where our young men could learn something of diversilieu 1'armjflSffil To put us on the right road appears a plain case. We need no convention III to do it. Whether the present price of cotton is due to speculation or legislation, we cannot afford to raise it at the HL nrpia^nf. nrj,->>? When a man knows he I loses money by rai.sing cotton and does not propose to raise rood, he has only himself to blame for his condition. But the cry is we are in debt, what are we todo'r How will you get out of debt by raising a crop on which you lose oue cent a pound? It'our people con't undertake to raise meat and bread starvation is before us. 1 believe the low price of cotton is influenced by two causes: the demonetization of silver and the conduct of our linancial alfairs m the interests of Wall street. "We are systematically and persistently robbed tor the beneiit of manufacturing industries and money sharks of the Xortu. The cry gees up from bullions cf homes, give us relief or we l?erish? The Alliance has sprung up Lnd spread like lire. The farmers stand ft'getiier aad ask relief. If it gees too Sir and touches on agrarianism, ceo alism or paternalism as has been Barged, 1 am afraid the raiubow of Hhmisp will disaopear from our skies. I we are men and stand shoulder to ulder and vote tor measures of relief, ve don't get ail we ask, we shall get ie measures of relief. We must not [rrel about means. fe want a currency which does not te at New York, to be let out from i by men who can let it out or withfet as their interests dictates. We Sa cirrency scattered broadcast. Bant it?millions of us?aid wedeKt in no uncertain tones. jft Derajgatic party in Congress |s?<ira^^a. ' it is dlyided in quarM There come mice qL^estTor2^#", gaterests. The interests of M*ssaBfc. South Carolina and Nebraska jgsalike. "Whether party alignw'ill in the future divide the Hfrom the Northwest to South?ad of along Mason and Dixon's nhin rivpr those on each riding what the other don't iont Know; somethmg of the ieiy to happen, But we who bted by the Republican party kempt* lo force upon us nebacy and the force bill have | ihe Democratic party of fastened upon us. iCt anu cannot be reasonable iagoni^m between the Ailir other class. Our interests Itical. Unless the farmer classes will go by the board Lo plow. There is no an lept among those who are Ikthe banking interests. Jkisputes and differences na's to means. I beg my Kiember that while we Bp means we must not i fight because we want to go to the same end by different roads. I feel that I need not say it here, for I don't believe the third party has or can have yet; any strength here. If the Democratic party don't give relief this year next will be time 1.0 cast about and see what can be done. ISut now we must stand together against rorce bill legislation shoulder to shouicer for God and home and native land. At the close of the Governor's speech the foiiowiug resolutions were read and adopted: Resolved, That in mass meeting assembled on this 2Gth day of February, 1892, we the citizens of the Eastern portions of Townships Nos. 9 and 10 of rVv.->? + ?T < ? 1 Hn uHrnf tVlP G TO ITC1 1 J WUUl?J, "W-, uv w** v following views and principles, believing that if they were properly carried out that they would form an efficient remedy for the correction of the evils which have brought upon our South land such widespread disaster and financial ruin. 1. The acreage of cotton should be reduced, not so much with a view of tho orAn that hi<rher nrinPS UUV VA V ~ x might be obtained" for we do not belive that the very low price of cotton at the present time can be accounted for on tne ground of over-production, but more with the view of giving the cotton farmer more time, more laud, more labor, more fertilizers and better attention to the raising of the cere;*ls adapted to our soil, realizing as w av? that brino-c gram, wua ine ricuaeas matgettt;r if." with it, .means edox?_ aod cnasecnoytn^arr^^^B cotton without being meMH ruin. '|w5ffi&g?K8 2. Rentals of land and credits? ed should not be based exclusiveljM cotton. By such a course hundreds thousands of bales of cotton are raised by thousands of farmers who, instead i of producing anything like a sufficiency I ot farm products necessary for man and beast, produce little else than cotton. Such a system is not only ruinous and ! detrimental to the interest of this class | of farmers, but its direful effects are felt as a general thing by all other far aaers ana citizens 01 tne country. \ most effectiye way of reducing the acre-1 age of cotton would be to change this? system. 3. The times and the condition of ttae country demand the practice of economy on the part of every farmer to lettable him to pay his debts, to bring aim * - ? - * .. u rkAoifinn in l/i frt IU Liiai LLIUUU UCOliCU. Aja M??V when he can pay cash as he goes, thVs enabling him to buy cntaply, to holc^ and control to a measure his cotton j crop and other products of the farm, keeping him out of the hands of spec-1 ulators and doing away with the neces- j sity of borrowing money at high rate of interest, or what is still worse, of obtaining credit on lien or mortgage for food products, that should be raised on his own farm. If the price of cot- ] ten ever did justify the Southern cotfnn irrnwsr irt hnrrown? monev 0T Of I obtaining credit at a high rate of interest to enable him to make cotton, certainly that time has passed, and it now j should be apparent to ali that the farmer cannot stand for any lengtb of ! time at a high rate of interest or "a dear credit. 4. A judicious use of commercial fertilizes connected with a j udicious purchasing of the same is a question that has no negative to it. But there can be no such use and purchasing of commercial fertilizers when the farmer ?. ??Af cfoKlo onH horn uej^icucd t:ic Luan.ii-15 ui. oiuviu t*uv? yard manures, the growing upon the soil and turning under of vegetable matter, with a judicious system of farming and proper care of his land. 5. Money is' scarce and tight and labor is poorly rewarded. Under existing circumstances few, if any, can buy and pay for a farm out of the net earnings of the same, and those farmers not very greatly in debt must economise as they have never before done to enable them to pay their debts. Xow we know there is a cause for all this, and we firmly believe that it does not altoOii+Kof r>nmo fmm mismarinaempnt. on V. luvi WUAV i-Li. .-0 _ the part of the farmer, but tnat the financial system and rolicy of the government aie greatly at fault and have contributed largely in bringing on the country the present deplorable condition of* affairs. Therefore, as citizens and farmers, while we believe it to be our imperative duty to practice and teach and encourage a reduction in the acreage of cotton, the raising more largely of the cereals, the improving of our live stock and farms and homes, the right practicing of economy, and the doing of any and all other things connected with our farms and farm work, in order to bring to our country a more prosperous condition of affairs, that we at the same time, as citizens responsible for our citizenship and lov ing our country and homes ana liresities as we do, feel it incumbent upon us to teach and use our influence in correcting all other evils detrimental to our interests, and especially that which we believe to be a ruinous "financial system of the government, in the best way that can be shown to us, and to do it with a patriotic view and desire or bringing prosperity and happiness to every man, woman and child, to every city, town and rural home throughout our beautiful Sunny South, and causing this grand Southland, this God-given heritage of ours, "the land of the free and th? home of the brave," to blossom as the rose and to be filled with a teeming, smiling, happy and prosperous population. The following resolution offered by Dr. Pope was also adoptt-d : Resolved, That tbe thanks of this meeting are due and are hereby extended to Governor Tillmam for his excellent address of today. Noted Character Dead. Mobile, Ala., March 3.?Capt. Timothy Meaher, a venerate steamboat man, died here this morning, ased 79 years. He was for many years identified with business on the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers in thp palmiest days of steamboatm*. He was noted as the importer of the last car^o of slaves brought to the United States. This was of ISO!. lie chartered the schooner Clotilde which brought 100 negroes and managed to spirit them into a cane brake 100 miles up stream. News of the importation soon got abroad and Meaher was arrested and tried, but proved that he had made every trip on his own boat Toney and the inference Oiot Via iiad nnt. time to receive ne If CO bi^ttb UV MMVO ?? V ? W groes and personally superintend the hiding of them. He was discharged. If convicted he would have suil'ered the death penaltv. Thirty negroes fell to his share. He settled in a suburb of thfe-city where, being freed shortly af;er their arrival, they and their descendants have remained. They have never associated witli other negroes, are but half civilized, still use their native lan^ua^e and arc ruled by a queen ot their own choosiug. They enjoy a good reputation lor industry and honesty and their nnlonv ia nnp of the CUriOSi'.ieS HlOSt eagerly viewed by sight-seers. Three thousand bales of cottoa was burned up in Augusta last week. This reduces tbe surplus some. ? : ii_ | THE STATE COMMITTEE. | THE OEMOCRAY GETTING READY FOR j THE COMING ELECTION. I tr?lfnlou A nnrava(1 but Tu o ! Propositions' of Dr. Pope Arc Voted I Down?Master and County Cotmuis' sloners. Columbia. S, C., March 2.?The fact that there were guards at every possible avenus of eavesdropping at the meeting of the State Democrtaic executive committee last night might have led to the idea that there was to be a lively | and exciting meeting or the comruiuee. | Subsequent event?, however, proved J that the meeting was devoid of special ! sensational features, and that very little [ of importance was done. The rules about which so very l.uch ; have already been said were adopted J with but little protest, and with the important amendment that the position of Probate Judiie shall be voted for at 1 general primary. The meetiDg was very largely attended. as perhaps it was thought something unusal would occur, 'mere were present Chairman Irbv, State Secretary G. Duncan Bellinger^ Stale Treasurer Wiiie [Jones; Q. C.Jordan, Aiken; W. A. Xeal, An lerson; D. A. J. Sullivan, ^^arlestOD; A. G. Br ice, Chester; Dr. Mc Go vraii, Florence; j! \V. ?K Greenville; A. M. Younians, ftton; W. J. Walter, Ilorry; J. 11. jl^Kershaw; T. T. Williams, Qcoaee; bsCti R. LoWi&an, Orangeburg; Glen 1). Peak*. Union; JR. T. Ridging, York; Dr. A. II. Williams, Williamsburg; II. R. Thomas, Sum^r. Thdre were a number of visitor3 present, among whom were J. W. Stokes,kof the Alliance, Representative J. H. l)ukes, of Orangeburg; uCal" Caughman, of Lexington, and other alternates. Chairman Irby, in opening the busi * * ? r.i. ^ 1? i ness, stateu mat at uie mst meeuus; ui the State committee a sub-committes had been appointed to draft rules for the government of the Democratic partv. lie called on Dr. Pope to make a report. The rules were the same as have here tofore"" be5n publiTetf aun1 very-"sjedSsS-rdiscussed. Upon motion of Mr. Jordan, seconded by Gen Gray, the lules were endorsed and confirmed as the action of the Slate committee. Dr. Pope moved as an amendment, which was adopted, that the olliee of j Master be added to be voted at the pn: mary. Dr. Sampson Pope introduced the following resolution, which occasioned considerable discussion: Resolved, That in the primary elections, where there are more persons than one to bs elected, either as delesates to conventions, merrbers of the House of Representatives aud county commissioners, the ballot voted shall - - - - -1 - -tit* contain tee names m lug umcicui ycisous for these positions to the extent of the number to be chosen or elected, and no ballot for these offices which shall not be lull shall be connected. Dr. Pope explained at length the motive of the resolution, which was to prevent ''plumping." Gen Gray moved to table the resolution, which motion prevailed by a vote ol 17 to G. The question of the appoiutment ol supervisors of registration by Governor Tillman Wits discussed and it was the ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ ^ ( fl-io f 4 Ti a no/.naoi 1 \r aeuse ui iuc uumuiiLiet uuab wvuv/v-wanj of the aDDninlruent ot ollicers be called to iu. of the various county executrv, with a view of their recomu.. opointments. Oa motion of Mr. uraans, of Hampton, it was reaolveu that the rules for the government of the piiroarv be printed, and on the same circular be printed the Act. of 1888, and that these be distributed among the managers at various voting precincts though the various county chairmen. The rules will be forwarded directly to the county chair men. At this juncture Dr. Pope introduced his resolution to lix the number to constitute a quorum at seven, which was, subsequently withdrawn. A nice point was raised in refereci-e to placing the names of county commissioners on billots for the primary, in view of the uncertainty of the oillce being a constitutional one. and to be voted for or not. It was decided that Chairman Irby confer with Governor Tillman, and have Jum cooiiro Hen "MVT.qjirin's nninion on the point. The question evoked considerable discussion. On motion of Dr. Pope the instructions to county chairmen from Chairman Irby, which were issued to county chairmen, were approved. They are as follows: Pursuant to the order of the State Democratic executive committee the re* i spcctive county executive committees, I Trill ICtSllO O f!lll LIJL LIJCJ1 Lliaiiuuvu. <i tu .vuuv ?? wv.? for the reorganization of the Democratic party in their respective counties by calling the subordinate clubs to meet at their usual places of meeting " ' the second Saturday (the 9th day) : <rial next, for the purpose of reorganize : aid clubs and for the purpose of electiu? d^lcuates to the respective couuty conventions. These conveutious will meet on the " - i r 4 hrst JMOuaay ^uie zu uayj m n-.-v ulac, to reorganize the party iu each couuty, to elect? ncvr county executive committee, to elect delegates to the State Convention, which meets In Columbia on tlie third Wednesday in May next, and to transact s?ch business as many be proper under the constitution. The representatives of each subordinate club in said couuty conventions shall be one delegate lor ever.v twentyGve members and one delegate for each majority fraction thereof. (July such j Democratic clubs as were in existence I on thfi 12th of August. 1890. shall be recognized; provided, however, that two clubs in each ward iu the cities of Charleston, Columbia, Greenville and SparI tanbunr ma}- be formed. Xo ciub that was formed or organized 'after the 13th of August, A. I). 1800. j by the division of an old club, or otberJ wise, sbaH be recosruized. John L. M. Iri>v, Chairman State Dem ?.x Com. (J. Duncan Belt.ixc.er, I January 14, 1S92V Secretary. ! in* tot.be constructor. ot the j first sentence placed on ir. by most of the mem ers the question ot'theChari leston clubs and others having no exist{ence for the present campaign is pretty [ well settled."' Mr. Thomas, of Sumter, jokingly reI marked that hs had been out of the com* - dfc? mittee so Ions that he felt somewhat strange and had to ask for a copy of the rules of the party. | The matter of method for the election I of trial justices by primary was referred I to the various county executive commit- j tees as to the most acceptable manner) of their election, whether by districts at j lariie or by townships. Chairman Irby stated that, following the example of Chaisman Izlar, he would suggest that the railroad expenditures of ihe members who attend the meetings be paid out of the funds of the committee, which amount to $2,000 or $3,000. He had instructed the members in the call that such provision had I rP1ir> cnfwpstirm was adnnted. I XXUlllV* yv.=nvw W.v? ? x f and checks will be issued to members attending. It was scarcely 10 o'clock when the committee adjourned. The members will all return to their respective homes to-morrow. The minority element in the commit-1 tee was icpreseutcd by the lone Charleston delegate. D. A. J. Sullivan. Col. Haskell was in New York. .Josephs. Read, of Ueautort, and J. Harleston Head, of Georgetown, were absent. They probably expected that the rules and everything else would g> through as prepared by the special cammiltee. ?News and Courier. Washington, March 2.?Extravagance at Congressional funerals is again a troublesome question. The House committee on accounts has bills before it for the funerals of those members of the present House who have died, but all are delayed because of extraordinary items in one. The disputed bill was the funeral of Ju^s^irtrGlCof Tennessee^iuage""ECbuk died suddenly last "Summer at his home in Knoxville and was buried there. The funeral was in charge of the House sergeant-at-arms, who gave the necessary orders. A local undertaker famished the castketand looked after ali arrangements. A Congressional committee attended and its expenses were included in the bill. When the bill was sent in the amount surprised even Congressmen hardened to exorbitant charges in such cases. huH nut". i JL iJC i\UUAVliiC uuuci uauvi uuu ^ casket down at 81,200, and had added | an item of $200 for '-extra trimmings." This was a poser. Inquiry showed that the most expensive burial casket in- Washington would cost only $500, while many ordered by persons of wealth had been bought for $300 each. I The casket in which Gen. Spinola was T?r_r l.firo on/l />r>n<su]prpfi UUlieu, uu\rygtf^ nviv ? a very line one, cost oitifi?88&. ? | Another item staggered the committee. It was'"for photographs, $31." This was an entirely new wrinkle. It was not stated what or who had been photographed, and so the committee concluded that probably the funeral procession had been, possibly the interior of the church during the religious exercises. There was no authority for such expense and that item was rejected. A third surprise was a charge of sixteen dollars for stenographers. What a short hand writer could lind to do at the funeral, unless he took down the minister's sermon, the committee could not imagine. Since Congress was not interested in preserving me seiwuij, that item was rejected. The overcharge in the Houk bill is not great, but it shows the abuse of the custom of burying members of Congress who die in harness at public expense. For that reason the committee on accounts refused payment. It is remarked as strange that such a bill should be rendered for the burial of such a man. Judge Houk was one of the plain people and gloried in it. He abhorred all show, and one of his friends said that if the sturdy ExJudge could know that he was buried in so expensive and ornamental a casket he would insist upon immediate resurrection and a simple appropriate reinterment. Hill and bis .Salary. Washington, March 3.?There was quite an interesting little episode in the ooms of the Secretary of the Senate this afternoon. After the vote on the Idaho case had been taken. Senator Hill strolled iuto the room, aud remarked that, if convenient, he would like to draw a little money. The Secretary of the Senate, who is Gen. Anson <j. aicCook, of Xcw York, is the disbursing officer of the Senate. lie draws monthly from the lieasury a sufficient amount to pay the salaries of members, aud at the beginning of each session dravs enough to pay their mileage and sta?;.->ncru oiin?-nnfP?_ Senator Hill's re j quest was promptly responded to by Secretary McCook's disbursing clerk, who placed belore him vouchers for au amount aggregating about $5,000, and asked him to sign them. "On, no," said the Senator, "I want a voucher for my salary from the day I was sworn in, the 7th of January, 1S92, up to the end of February. This is your usual pay day, is it not? The 3d of the month?'' The clerk said it was, but weut on to remarK mat incy nau a ceiruuu itmuuuu standing oq their books to the credit of the 2s"ew York Senator, and to pay out oni.y a portion of that amount would fnnfnainn in hnf.h their bookkeen mg and in the Treasury Department. With some brusqueness of manner Mr. Ilill said this was none of his business; they must keep their books to sui vhemselves. lie wished to draw his sslarv for the actual time he had served ia 1he Hecate and not one cent more. Aitcr some further parleying the clerk J nude cut a voucher lor ?897.0fJ, and this Mr. IIill signed and took a check for that amount iu full payment of all his claims upon the Senate salary and mileage fund up to date, $778 of this amount 1 * " ' ' r * ? TVk I DOOlJ I or saiary nuiu .jauuci) t l uxcir ruary 2'J ami the balance fur mileage. The disbursing clerk stated afterwards that the balancc left UDdrawn was ?4.221, wbicli would in due conrse. by operation of law, be covered back into the Treasury. I?o V.'iW Not J:e Tried. San I)n:c:o, Cal., Starch 3.?J. "W. Collin?, president of the defunct Calir'nrn in. Xationnl IJank. shot himself! this afternoon at Hotel J>rewster. Collins was tound lying on the lloor with blood streaming over him and a pistol in his hand. The California National Dank closed its doors November 12 It was considered one of the strongest institutions financially in Southern California. A warrant was sworn out for Collin's arrest on a charge of appropriation of the bank's funds, and it was also shown that deposits were being re _j ? 4 li a frnio nf i n or thp I ceiveu up lu me tiixic doors. It is unierstocd that Collins was to have been tak<*n to Los Angeles to day lor trial. Collins was interested in a number of enterprises for the development of trie Southern _part oi the State and was always cqmB a. wealtny man. lie came^^H|HP> from Cheyenne, Wis terestecl in a banl^[^H|Bn|HLtly failed. | THE VIEWS OF DR. STOKES. THE PRESIDENT OF THE STATE ALLIANCE ON THE SITUATION. He Savs "We must Get to the People iu the Primaries, and we must Abide with the People when they have Spokon." | To the Editor of The Xews and Courier: Your favor of lGth February is at i hand and has had careful attention. I j note that you de3ire to obtain from me j an expression of my views "upou what ! course the conservative people of the I State should take to bring about ttie un| ity and harmony of the party, which was so rudely broken by the unnatural course of events in the State two years ago." It affords me pleasure to comply with your request; not, perhaps, uas fully as in my judgment the importance of ths issues to be discussed may require," out | as fully as the limited time at my disposal for this purpose will allow. This is a serious matter, regardless of the factional affiliation of him who considers it from the standpoint of the patriot, and any sincere effort to avert the impending dangers is a highly patriotic ell'ort, its projector a patriot of generous impulse, regardless of past or present affiliations. L'ermit me, at the outset, to make exception to the phraseology of the text you furnish me?not in any captious spirit?but solely to the end that invesnnh l-mn/lir-ormpi] hv nnv as l^auivu UV 4AVW - J J sumptions not clearly warranted iu the premises. He who seeks a rcmeijv, rather than a mere nal1AauVfr"for'any sprigs rnnflij^rTmust go deeper into the matter than a surface view of local manifestations. Causes must be discovered, the principles governing them must be established; their relations to contiguous and even remote cotemporaneous events must be considered, and remedies must be predicated upon tho findings in all these directions. The exception I make is to your use of the word "unnatural," as applied to the events of 1890, Whether viewed from the standpoint of political acid social science, or of industrial and commercial development, ihey strike me as proceeding along wfill-dehned lines of j human nature at least, as read in the ' individual and collective history of the race. In my judgment, then, it is a mistake to treat, or to attempt to treat, the manifestatioEs of two years ago as "unnatural" or as mere local phenomena, peculiar to South CxJ&ILna; and any ourse'predibsprtstihi'pon the aSStXZPPlion that they were either unnatural or meteor. ly local will be futile. They were the resultant of forces long ago put into operation, and the plane of their activity i i i 1 nas ueeu as uiuau us uit iuuuucui, They were the manifestation of a discontent long felt and growing among all laboring classes in city and in country, in field and In factory, in farm house and m shop. That discontent exists today, Mr. Editor, 5d youi own city and in every city .of .the land to an extc-nt not less aiarming than Is that in the rural districts; and all that is lacking, in city as in country, is leadership In irout and , a sympathetic press behind to make it . an irresistible power. These people the land over have long felt the pres- , sure 01 an intangible, indefinable force , bearing them down, down. In the face of unparalleled general prosperity and progress they have been growing poorer r\AAvftr TVhiln 1..Yiuwl onrl dUU IT UUV L-. wiikvt harder from year to year, they bave ' found it hard and harder to live, to educate their children and keep up even a show ol respectability. Whether right ; or wrong they have become impressed that the hidden force they feel is applied through manipulation of the fiuancial system of the Government in the interest of a class, as well as in unequal taxation. Ilence their simultaneous assault upon all the avenues to government?local, State and national. While not al.vays rational in the direction of iheir eil'orts, it must be admitted that the effort itself is eminently natural. It is natural for them to wish to shift the burdens they feel to be inequitably imposed: and it is natural for those who enjoy the benefits of manipulation and of uuequal taxation to resist any interference. I think it not impertinent to remark In passing that in my opinion this discontent is in no sense a tact to be deplored. On the contrary, it is a divinely appointed safeguard to popular government. The painstaking statesman recognizes it as a warning, a 3ym^ torn ot disease; but many of our leaders 01 pUL)l!C opinion axe uui, {jiuusiaiuu^, and too often dismiss t >e matter (when pressed upoD their attention) in a Hippant way?referring all evidences of discontent to a desire on the part of improvident people to set more than they are entitled to. Upon the general causes I think theie is almost universal agreement among our people of all classes. The majority of the people are impressed that there is something seriously wrong, asd share in the discontent of the farmers aud laborers. This practical agreement upon the general conditions furnishes, in my judgment, the key totne situation, jsui superimposed upon them are various local questions, more or less remotely connected with them, which give the coloring peculiar to each State. In some sections there is an appalling gulf between poor and rich, and there the local manifestations are highly alarmicg. Happily there exist no such extremes of poverty and wealth in our State. 33ut the teudency is here, and its blighting ell'ect unon moral and industrial inter ests elsewhere should lead all patriotic people to resist the tendency here. In our own case, then, where sentiment as well as condition is comparatively homogeneous alon r the lines ot local disturbance prevalent elsewhere, it should be easy to restore "unity and harmony," whether "rudely broken" or not; whether broken by a natural or "no unnatural course of events." Tt-1 mv iiirlfr/nr.nt thpro tS n W3V f.O pf. feet this, and that way leads direct to the people; a time-honored way, the Democratic way. suiled to all conditions, local and general. A fair lield and a patient, respectful Hearing for candidates representing every shade of opinion among us; fullest and freest discussion upon a hi^h piano?calm, rational discussion of issues rather than men; national issues upon which there f? practical agreement?is the first step in the direction of unity and harmony. All discussiou should be pitched upon a high plane, free from personal vituperation and abuse. The maa that leads cli' on any personal or vituperative line should be promptly side-tracked by all conservative people, whatever their factional afliliation. The bewspaper that prints such, whether as "news" or a? editorial, or that misrepresents any individual or faction, sho^-1 hp mads to leel the displeasure of fl&gSO^^M^ple of ail classes in a very emphatic way. A free ballot and a fair count in the primaries?a count above the taint of suspicion; and then absolute acquiescence in the will of the majority thus ascertained will, in my judgment, do the work?i.e., "restore uuitv and harmony amonir our people." Xothinn short of this will ecnipass it. Xo individuals nor collection oi individuals, can do it. There is almost universal distrust of what are designated as political methods, The action of any delegated or undelegated body beforehand would be suspected of "wire-pulling" aud ''swapping" in the interest of some one and against some one, or ol having a per sonal animus. This would be inevitable and unavoidable, however wisely and patriotically conducted. This distrust is the legitimate outcome ot prevalent journalistic methods. Heretofore the press has been full of charges of political corruption, it is true; but the charges have been uniformly preferred against Republicans by Democrats, and against Democrats by Republicans. Lately there have been charges and counter charges of "deals" and of corrupt trades as frequently against Dem??u.. 1 uuictis uy auu u^aiucc jlvgpublicans by Republicans, as there have ever been, vice versa?in the National and the State organizations. There have been threats of revolt from party supremacy in high circles, and in close sequence revolts have come, to our present confusion and possible undoing. For these reasons, and others too painfully familiar, nothing short of an appeal to the people antlaosoiuie acquiescence in their verdict will avail m this case. ejnii=L_^t -oHnT 'hands of all leaders whomsoever, or howsoever constituted, and refer it down dispassionately, apart Irom personal ambitions and animosities, (or suspicion of such,) to the people for settlement. We must get to the people in the primaries, and we must abide with the people when they have spoken. Doubtless some few wise and patriotic men might shape a more consistent, a more logical, a more symmetrical settlement, but it could not stand because it would Qot have the people behind it. If there be any who will not submit their opinions to the arbitrament o* the ballot In the primaries for the sake of "unity and harmony in the party," neither will they be conciliated by any concession, however or by whomsoever offered, short of full concurrence in their views. Now, Mr. Editor, these are my views. j.uev are not new, pernaps, uuu uiey represent the conclusions I have reached after as careful consideration of the situation as I have beeD able to give. J. Wm. Stokes, *-Resident's Office, South Carolina State TsuteeS^^JJjance, Orangeburg, February 20. Hemphill as a Keformer. Washington, March 2.?llepresentative Hemphill is a practical economist. as was clearly shown today during the consideration of the District of Columbia appropriation bill. Upon his motion the recorder of deeds for the District of Columbia v,*as made a sala- ; ried ollicial instead of receiving lees. Mr. Ilemphill proposed to give the recorder $3,GOO, and his amendment was adopted. The Republicans antagonized it vigorously, because the present recorder is Ex-Senator B. K. Bruce, a colored Republican from Mississippi. In support of Mr. Hemphill's motion it was shown that the net profits realized bv Recorder Bruce during the lirst year of his tenure of oflice, over and : above all expenses, amounted to ?11,- , 3S9.10. In the second year business . improved a little and his net profits ^ l" 1 o <f 1 9 I r. auivuuiuu lkj Vi. a tutai uci profit of $23,$02.55 for two years' work. At the instance of Mr. Hemphill the House also gives the register of will3 a tixed salary instead ol fees. Mr. Hemphill is not a member of the appropriations committee, but as chairman, of the committee on the District of Columbia he is familiar with this subject. lie believes in giving these oflicials a reasonable salary, but insists that the surplus revenues of the office should be turned back into the treasury. Such economy does not cripple any : Wnch of the public service, but it is a sc.. "e blow lo the politicians wbo are constantly fighting to get the recordership. For years past the oflice has been given to colored men, much to the disgust of the white local politicians. Garfield gave the rccordeiship to Fred Douglass when the local real estate boom was greatest, and he is said to Korn C?O^ flAA !n rtno rnir Uft * ^ u?u V ? Xia vuu jv.ui? Mr. Cleveland, to show his friendship for the colored New England Democrats, appointed a colored friend from Albany. The Senate refused to confirm him, so a Eoston colored man named Trotter was appointed to succeed him. When Harrison came in there was a grand scramble arnonr: local Ilepublicans, but Ex-Serator Eruce carried oil* the prize.?News aDd Courier, Sanguine Gen. Weaver. Dies Moines, March 2.?Gen. J. E. Weaver, who has just returned from the St. Louis Convention, is much pleased with ine worn acne mere anu the way it was done. "It was a perfect love feast," sjid he, "What did we do? Why, sir, we cemented together 5,000,000 of the voters of this country into a new party, which will sweep "the two old parties from the page of American politics. Yes, sir, the new party will carry the next Presidential election. I expect the South and West will join us, and we are confident of carrying our banner far towards the East by means of the Knisrhts oi' Labor vote. I do not think that the Republican party is really in the race, and the Democratic party is hopelessly split. Neither of these old parties will advance our interests of reform." Fatal Explosion. Savaxnaii. Ga., Feb. 29.- The boiler in the Savannah, Florida and r. >v esuiru jianwiij cuuus u o'clock this morning. killing two men and fatally injuring another. The buildin was wrecked and .the patterns ol the company's machinery and locomotives were dcsirovcd. The killed are. John C. Murphy, engineer, white, and Fireman Siolt, colors?. A colored porter was fatally injured. The damase cutside of the loss of patterns is estimated at $8,000. The cause of the explosion has not yet been determined. The boil ei" was uucii miu v> iinj-r yco*ciuu_v the fire was started. This morning the explosion took place. A. Tardy Act of Justice. Washington, March 2.?Mr. Turner J of Georgia, from the ways and means j committee, submitted to the House; yesterday tho majority report on the | hill to aamit l'ree of dutv backing: for ( cotton, machinery lor manufacturing bagging, cotton ties and cotton gins, with the recommendation that the bill pass. The Republican members oi' the committee submitted a minority report. |g A MUCH MOOTED POINT. "What is tbe Status of the County Commissioners? Columbia, S. C., March 4.?At the meeting 01 me OUl?C ^cmut/Lam/ oja\.uu~ live Committee Tuesday night the question of the status of the County Commissioners came up and the committee decided to refer the matter to the Governor and ask him to get the opinion of the Attorney General on the subject. On Wednesday Governor Tillman wrote the following letter to Attorney General McLaurin: "It has been called to my attention fliot tVioro <*viafs ir> r.hfi r>uhlie mind a doubt as to the office of County Commissioner, and in order to set the matter at rest I would ask that you give me your written opinion as to what eft'ect if any the passage of the constitutional amendment abolishing that office has upon the existing boards. Do they hold over till the Legislature devises some other form of County government or will it be lawful to elect a new board next November?" Attorney General McLaurin considered the subject carefully and found a number of knottv Doints wrapped up in it. After mature deliberation Mr. McLauriu wrote the folio wing opinion: "Your letter of yesterday's date has been received, m which you ask for the opinion of the Attorney General as to what cfleet, if any, the passage of the constitutional amendment abnljiifr^ the oflice^o^^^yxtnirmrssio ners has "OpSnThe existing boards, and also if the present officers hold over or are new ones elected. "Section 10 of Article 4 of our Constitution provided for a Board of County Commissioners to be elected bilnnially, ana ueuutiu uie iuhowluuu w such b jards. "An amendment to the constitution providing for the repeal of tbis section was submitted to the qualified voters of the State at the general election of 1890, and a majority voting in favor of the repeal, the usual Act ratiiying amendments to the constitution was passed at the first session of the next General Assembly. "It is certainly a proper attribute of legislative power to provjde suitable machinery for the conduct of County affairs. " Anv rtmihtaexistmcr oil the DOintS in question I em satisfied have arisen from a misapprehension of what is the effect of a State constitution on legislative power. "The constitutions of the States are declarations of negative powers, while that of the United States is a grant of affirmative powers. We look m the Constitution of the United States for grants of legislative power, but La the Q>?sUtution of the State to ascertain if any lirmtaOtiSShavebeeniajj^gtftl^on' the complete power with which the legislative department of the State was vested in its creation. Cooley, Const. Lim. "The section of the Constitution which was repeale J was simply of an ainrmauve legislative cutuautci, <auu the Legislature would have had power to create the present bo ards without any constitution? 1 authority, or to have provided some other system of County government, and the Statute law as it now stands is not in conflict with the Constitution. "The constitutional restriction created fay the Section referred to operated to prevent the Legislature from altering the scheme of County government, extent in conformitv with that provision. and the amendment striking out this provision leaves to the legislative power an unlmited and unrestricted control over the County governments. This restrict on being removed the Legislature may now, in its wisdom, provide such system as may be deemed best calculated to promote the welfare of the people. In all such cases no intention to abrogate previously existing laws can be presume i in the absence of expression to that effect. English on Stat mes. "I understand the rule as laid down by Cooley and other authorities to be in substance that where a Statute ha3 been passed by the Legislature within its general legislative powers, but in pursuance of an affirmative -direction in the constitution, the repeal of this direction will not necessarily operate to repeal the Statute, but the validity of the Statute will be referred to the general legislative power. "It is therefore my opinion that the Statute law upon the subject of the County Commissioners is of lull lorce and not abridged or repealed in any way by the constitutional amendment, and that the terms of .the present officers will end upon the election and qualification of their successors. The election lor these officers under this construction of the law will of course take place at the usual lime for holding an election." Down With the Trusts. Columbus, Ohio, March 2.?The Supreme Court of Ohio, ia the case of the State of Ohio ex rel Attorney General Watson vs the Standard Oil Company, rendered a decision yesterday of importance concerning trusts. This case was instituted by petitions in quo warranto to oust the company from its corporate rights and to forfeit its franchise. The judgement of the Court is to oust the company from the right to make the trust agreements set forth ' if t/\r* nf f rvAtror tA ILL UUC poilbiuu auu Ui. fcuv t* \,a vv perform the same. While the decision does not oust the company from its franchise it prohibits it from in any way continuing to carry out or fulfil any provisionb or agreements under trust contracts. The Attorney General of New York has papers ready to file against the Standard in that State, prepared in contemplation of this "decision. We Hope It Will be Tried. " if l o rpu/x axtaaii liALYJESTO^i, iuarcn -.? xuc cacv,ulive committee of the Texas Bankers' Association has issued an address to the farmers and business men urging a reduction of the cotton acreagc 15 per cent., giving as their opinion that the effect will be to raise the price 30 per cent. They cite an increase in prices of 10 per cent, in 1871 by a decrease of acreage of 15 per cent., and refer to the example of the Brazilian coli'ee planters raising the price of coffeg from 7 cents to 24 cents in 1880 and up to 1880 by reduced acreage. Death of Mrs. Stackhoase. Marion*, March 2.?Mrs. E. T. Stackhouse, wife of Congressman Stackhouse, died here at 0 o'clock yesterday morning. She had heen sick for several clays, Due notnmg 01 a serious nature was expected until Sunday afternoon, when she grew rapidly worse. She was visiting her sister, Mrs. W. W. Hamilton, as the time of her death. Her remains will b? interred at Little Kock tomorrow. Col. IStackhouse was in Washington, and reached here o .4 last night. NO THIKD JTAMI. A SPEECH FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE GEORGIA ALLIANCE. He Vigorously Denounces the Third Party Movement?He Advises AlUancemen w Stick to the Demo racy?An Enthusiastic lieception. Covington, Ga., Feb. 27.?The people of Newton and adjoining counties and many from distant counties, in great crowds, gathersd here today until , J| the Superior Court room of the court > fl house was packed, easer to "hear the H snoM^M tViof moro frthp. made: H bUMV f( V4w?< ?v wv ?. ... ? w Mr. Wilson, a plain, blunt, honest man, was the first speaker. He an- ? nounced in the outset of his speech that 1 he was an Allianceman first, last and all I the time; heartily devoted to Its printi- 1 pies, because the aim and objectand par- S pose of the Alliance was to make the people happier, better and more prosperous. But, said he, the Alliance people of Georgia and the South, and their friends outside the Alliance, constitute the Democratic party and are the Democratic part7 of Georgia and the South. Thus constituted and working in this line, the Alliance had accomplished and 3 ja Is stlii accompusmng great guou, aau there is no use, no occasioa and no.seose in a change. The best thing for the Alliance to do is tn stay [Great apalause.j He criticised severely, but in no objectionable language, the obnoxious make-up and unjust and unfair doings of the mixed, crankyjand loud-mouth Third party people at the St. Louis convention, and held himself in no way bound K*t tW?r>Hrtn TTo nnf. insider \JJ UVtUVU* M.W VMV* ? 1 ?. .... that there was any political action taken ft by the convention; that birth was given to the Third party by cranks, and hybrids in a mass neeiing after the convention had adjourned. His speech was well received, and was listened to with interest. Col. Livingston was greeted with applause when he rose to speak. Tour correspondent cin'tdo justice to his speech, writing, as he is, entirely from j memory. It was one of the best speeches he ever made?earnest, con- f servative, strong, eloquent and convino | ing. Danger, he said, comes when the top of the hill is reached as is the case now with the Alliance. In struggling I to reach the too of the hill,-the Alliance clung together and accomplished so much that the ootsfde^world was as ton- I ished and dumfoonded. "This was done 1 be repeated, by holding together. jk He drew a vivid picture of the financial condition possibly" corSSS^^^^^^* division and bv SDlittlnsr up. A call i bad been issuad for a congregation of J the producers of the country to meet in convention at St. I i. He went there to meet this congregation, but instead he found there all kinds of organizations in existence or that could be organized, and found them there for the purpose of / over-riding Southern sentiment, and they did it. Jfo where in all his life, and he had been in many places and seen much doubtful doings, had he seen as much trickery and underground railroading to accomplish their purpose and carry their points as he saw there. Shall the Alii?/vAnfmMA in fKa rvoof aucc SUU1U auu UUUWiiUC ao xu vuu and as now, or shall we launch out into a political campaign and take the chances? During the last political campaign every Allianceman who went into a Democratic primary and was defeated, worked and votel tor the fellow who defeated him. He said he accepted the nomination for Congress as a Democrat who stood on the Ocala platform, was eieeted as such, and was standing right f-Viorii fn/1 o x? Referring again to the Third party crowd at St. Louis, h<i said it was the most confused and confoundedly confused crowd he ever saw; calling on .Bealer, of The Atlanta Journal, who was present, and who was also at St. ^ Louis, to state if he misrepresented J them, Bealer said no, that they were simply an aggregation of cranks. Can you follow a multitude like that, or a man who will pander to the passion of a crowd like that? M Everything was cut and dried to outrage justice, decency and fair-dealing. Will you cling together as Alliancemen, or will you follow the strange banner noatea oy mis crowar Are you ready to turn your back on your liiends at the bidding of some stranger following' He was opposed to the Alliance going into any party. The order is nonpartisan. You can't go Into any party without losing large numbers of your members, and it would be impolitic and unwise to do so, there would be no success for the Alliance in doing so. Don't fight as an organization in any party, sues togeiaer axiu vuwj yum. jjituupico and you will win, to go inte any party will kill your order. He would give up everything to fisht 9 the man who would obliterate the color line. Go in any party as an organization, and the contest for the negro vote will be fruuful of strife, bitterness and disgraceful scenes that will shock decency. Can you get relief in the Third party, I ask you soberly can you? Who controls the politics of the country, the politicians, the court house rin^s? No the people, and the time is coming when it the Democratic party I /1n?o nftf Vvoo/1 fVl/? TT/ >!/">/} /if fhp T4Af*n?P._ UUtO UVW uwu VUV I ViW V* WMVf it will find itself split in two. Yoor financial enemies don't live in the live South. We are all lor financial relief, then why split and divide. Lei 8 hold together* and fight Wall street, New York, and Lombard stre it London. ? Horrors of Famine. Vienna, March 2.?Horrible details have been received of the condition of the starving neoDle at Namessto. in the county of Arva, Hungary. Many have died of hunger and privation, and those who survive are feeding on roots and bark. Child beggars swarm everywhere, making pitiful appeals to travelers, while tbeir pinched and pale faces show the sufferings they endure. The death rate from famine is increasing; ?nd the survivors are DreDarine to em igrate, if thev can, to Some "district where they can obtain a chanca to live. Killed by a Preacher. 13iiimingiia}i, Ala., March 3.?Key. i John Calvin, a Methodist preacher in 2 Green County, this morning shot and ? killed William Herdy, a deacon in the church, and fatally wounded David Smith, brother-in law of Herdy. Her- m dy suspected Calvin of being intimate M with his (Herdy's) wife, and attacked ^ him with a cane,v when Calvin drew a J #istol and fired five shots with the M above result. Calvin is in jail at Eu- 4 taw.