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Tie FairfieldNewsand Herald. PUBLISHED SVJSRY WEDNESDAY -BY? INeWo - and - Herald - Co. * 81.50. Six Mast'm, .... .75. a urnn>y-:_* i msec?. ~ W. D. DOUGLASS, ) / Editors. J AS. Q. DAVIS, ) SAZ)VSRTISING RATES, CASH: One dollar a square for th? first insertion and fifty cents for each subsequent insertion .Special rates for contract advertisers. Marriage and death notices/ree. Uegular rates caarged for obituaries. Orders for Jo-> Work solicited. WINNSBORO, S. C. Wednesday, April 2. : : : liJOO Titp roon wnnAllllccS liis tmvil AU" .??vr I" dead, argues a priori that he is dead. - "When a large number of people live iu a certain territory with certain metes and bounds, that place is called a city or town, according to the number of inhabitants. It is not a town ei* city, however, without inhabitants, so when a man says a town is dead, when the bulk of the inhabitants are full or life blood and movinsr on ill progress, that man virtually foredaims his own death, that is to say, dead to progress. In this civilized a^e great confidence is placed in word of mouth. Hence if you don't want peoplestrangers? to believe a town is dead, don't tell them so; if you tell a man in Xew York that a certain town in South Carolina is dead, he wouldn't [ send a committee down to investigate ! the truth of your word so great faith is reposed in the veracity of humanity in this civilized age. Ilence although only one man out of two thousand may j be dead to progress, yet lie can slay two thousand, or at least deprive them of progress with nothiug greater than the use of his ever moving jaw bone, grinding the hard stones of his own disappointments. Cotton Culture. We print elsewhere a letter to the Xetcs and Courier from Prof. Milton Whitney on the cultivation of cott?n. We want every member of the Prize Club?, and all other progressive farmer?, to cut it out and read it occasionally while the crop is growing ani give the suggestions therein contained ! it trial. There i* no good reason why every < farmer in Fairfield should noi try :o j understand the management of tin*; cotton crop better and belter every j year. But this can only be done by ; experimenting and watching the effect. J Now don't fail to cut the article out and paste it in a book where it may be found when needed. Prof. Whitney will be remembered by those who attended the Institute in 1888. A Tickcc Nominated. Tiie March convention is over. The J gravity of the situation caused by the j unprecedent proceedings of this con- j veution is indeed appalling and fore- j bodes dangers to the best interests of j the state, that many of tin actors in the movement surely do not realize.! The pi-ecedent of making nominations inconsistent with the regular demo- ! cratic rules and principles pla'^s tne i party in the mo?t perilous attitude | since 76. m W hat will be the consequences no j one can tell. How far the divergence j from the straight, plain, and well de- j fined line of the party will be, is, of j course, a most difficult matter to j determine; but, however that may be,:' certainly the March convention has sown seeds of discord and dissatisfac- I tion that can only be prevented from i multiplying by a keen consciousness I of their mistake on the part of the ' __ sowers, of their own motion, or by an extraordinary sway of influence i by the more conservative element in i tne .Democratic party. Had tliev simply convened as a class of citizens to discuss matters pertaining i to tlieir interest, there coulil have been no objection, but a tickct has < been placed in the field and a campaign meeting ordered in the different parts of. the state under control of an organization different from the Democratic party, and over which the liOQ 1T1 ^ I X/^UiVA/l anv nuo iiv u v? * iu i truth the Democratic State Executive | : Committee is made subordinate to the the Tillman Campaign Committee. ! At these meetings, as publicly I declared 011 the floor of the t convention, the Democratic party will;; be denounced and attacked. ; 1 g?me Black Eyee. : | Tiie Shell Convention will nut be j5 J V... ? ,s* lUirovmAcf ! 1 ?W? > a UK1JVI H > \/4 iUV/ UUIUiVOb | sympathizers in the Fairness' move- i < inent. The general features of the Convention, the cut and dried schemes to nominate Tillman, the utter disregard of the rights of the minority by j the Chairman, will have a reactionary j effect upon inanv who would havej otherwise been warm supporters. The previous arrangements of the j < ' Tillman caucus on the day before the j' Convention was carried out in every ' detail. Thev?orkof the caucus was ' the work of the Convention; what the 1 caucus did was actually considered a ; 1 part of the proceedings of the Conven- ; ? vention. This is shown by the chair's !' refusing to refer, on motion of Dele- i < gate Holthauser, the platform to a: I committee on platform, to be appoint- i < ed by the Convention remarking that : < the platform came from the committee i on phlform, when as every one on the < floor knows that such a committee wa< I never appointed by the Convention. h The attempt to put a Ltnrens man ] ah tho Snarfanhnry delegation. the ! I attendance of a delegation from the j i t city of Charleston electei at only a j t lay's notice, to say nothing of the ! ( doabtfal Democracy of some members i : of this delegation, the presence of a | 1 delegation from Bean fort consisting of j ] k two men, there being mo ;>icvious news J of a mass meeting in ;lui county, the voting of a number of delegates contrary to instructions, and Mr. Tillman's plea in his own behalt that he was the only man with brain and nerve to lead, all this will put a black eye on the proceedings, that will take a good deal of salve to cure, and we believe the Democracy of the S:a:e will show their disapproval in August. Bnninesn Priuciple.*. We have been requested by a valued ubscriber to write some "business editorials/' as he thinks thev would be interesting to many of our readers who are endeavoring to better their materia! condition. This is a good suggestion. The first essential to success is adherence to sound business principle?, which must be partly formulated in accordance with theory and partly based on expeiieuce of the past. Many theories are abroad to-day which are no* in accordance with these sound business principles, and their defects should be pointed out. Since an economic heresy it no less fatal than a religious heresy. It deceives for n while, hut it leaves the country worse oft'than be lore. It may be stated in advance thnt on some laws all good business men are agreed. On others they differ, and each individual must judge for himself. Discussion chiefly arises upon facts, because in a. complex system of multiform activities, the actual contitiou of things is not easy to discover. In sticii ca>e>, an mat can oe tione :s ro lay down general laws and apply them to tacts as we find them. The pii\MCia:i knows what treatment is proper lor fever, and what is bett for tits, but he must be able toj-.ulye whether his patient is utfcrhi;; from the one or the other. The fellow who throws every patient into lit* because he's "hades on tits" is a Charlatan. We shall from time to time endeavor impartially to lay certain business law? before our reader*, ami on disputed points to ?;ive the arguments on both ides adding our own conclusions wnenever we ?:ave lormwaieu uiem. How Will it do? The canning industry has been most elaborately diseased in thete columns by Mr. Calhoun, of Baltimore, and it is certain that his intelligent handling of the subject, pointing oat the practicability of the enterprise in the South, h!.s impressed his reader* with the importance of the business. The article has excited >oiue comment all ovvr the St a; e, showing that oih r -ectiou'? are alive wnu interested in tiie hn-ine.?.<. Fairfi'dd raises an abutidauce of fruit and vegetable?, and there is no reason why the county siiuuld not take hold of this industry, and operate small canneries. They should be in every part of the county. Mr. Calhoun tells us that $150 \rill purchase an outfit to work on a small scale, placing the business within the reach ot every farmer. I>iit whatever steps may bo taken elsewhere it does seem that in Winnsboro >upcrior advantages are present to enable us to carry on tho bu-itrcss on a considerable scale. Tluse advantages are these: We have a large oil mill, wiih a large ei>ir:ne am! other nuieltiiici y Tvliii:li w i ! <>f necessity be idl<; the vi-ty tim e.^'iing should be i?.i progress. Wit! s!.i::n one not iuvc>t:gate J.ii's t:;-i:i?'r, ::n. 1 ascertain whether or n>: ?:u; ?>;l m*!l could be converted into : <-an:.e;* ? It" it is possible, certain^ 1 ith ??!?, meal anC? fertilizers in the v ?irot* canned woods in the stun.ib?* bu-'jness would be a paying <>n-. Ir probable that this could be sccuni*''i-? .rd with very little additional rxpi:i*. Let us seo wh*t Would iht: <a>.-! to the oil company for ti:v? add:ti??:i oi a canning outfit, such a;< nie..rionrd by the Tradesman of.* a cem d:ite, fK o /?onuoitv f* ! /\i \(\ Mitt C? J? Kfl V'SIO per day ot ten hourr* The whole estimate of the Trades man is $2,000, the most of which amount would be expended in the purchase of machinery, which is already at the oil mill; in fact by h reference, to th<i itemized cost of necessary machinery for the operation of a canuory with this capacity, us published a few davs ago, it will be seen ?ha", the company could carry on the business by inverting ?1000. At all events it is worthy of consideration, and we hope that the sugw i 1! nr.^vnlvi afiron /lonitivu action. lteedixm in Seuth Carolina. It was certainly '.o be hoped that the o^oeral parliamentary law introduced by Tom Reed, the Republican Speaker )f the IIou?e of Representatives, would never govern a deliberative body o;' South Carolina farmers; but, ilas<t one Talberr, hailing from TjCdgeield, has presided over r convention )f white South Carolina farmers, pur. lv uc uuiu in tiiirii jmeiCM* ami j lias actually laid down principles of parliamentary law that override even i ;he audacity of Reed and that would make the cheeks of even the Maine ixeraplar tingle with shame. The idea of a presiding" officer not iven submitting a motion without a ong incongruous preliminary baruigue, expressing his own opinion, is :>ad enough; it is unpardonable for Tim fo make a rnlinf and in the sarr.o ? jreuth speak at length on tbe merits *t (he motion on which the ruling jears: but no ether word but the word jutrageous expresses it for him to hold :hat -a man l'rom Laurens has the right !o sit and vote as though he wer-y jlccted a member of the Spartanburg Lkit-yniion, or that resolutions arc TiOt ,lvdatable, or that a vote cannot be taken by the ayes and noes. Wfc say >uch rulings are the open and iadis??v?HfntrPS cr>irur In ctintrr -fliof :his man Talbert was, by pream.cge:ne:;t of the Tillman caucus, put in the ;hairforthe express purpose of executing the Shell manifesto, at ah hazirds, namely, to put Ben TilLmun in nomination?or as Mr. Shell now exws^es it, seeing now how ill-advised BKHHHMMBMMdUSHnaBflBGBMBBftlMHHflBBmBHnEKBXH was the use of the word nomination in his manifesto -to put Ben Tillman in "suggestion." Ab, but says Mr. Talbert, or some friends of bis may say, these decisions were not enforced. Very true. The refusal of the vote by ayes and noes was enforced, and the chair revoked j some of the others, but he did so only i at the suggestion or winks ot Mr. Irby and other Tillman supporters. The chair when making some most most absurd mistakes changed when his attention was called to the fact by shrewder men or some sympathizer. Ilis rulings, nevertheless, were most disgraceful, and will not f<til to till many participants in the Convention with disgust. n I C APT TA Tj X ISM'S. I J I Echoes of the Convention?Gen. Unit ton I Mentioned for Governor and Other j Names Suggested?The University Affair j ?Other News of Interest. Columbia, March 20.?The echoes! * : of the Tillmanite Convention are st'll 1 heard, and many are the criticisms made upon it and the predictions of its outcome are numerous. A number of! opinions have been expressed about it. j The weight of opinion seems to be that ! there is no possibility of Capt. I>. 11. j Tillmau ever beiuir Governor of South j 'PkA AntiuAit Is ulnmcf" I unanimous that he ha? committed political suicide, shown that he has been animated by sentiments of, by and !'or Tillman, and that after the August Convention he will sink into a oblivion and be as a less m to others that are not animated by purely patriotic motives?a failure. The feeling is current that a fatal blunder was made by going beyond the regular Democratic methods mid that the purposes of Messr?. Tilitnan, Shell and others] will come to naught. The action of the University stu- j dents in hooting Mr. Tilnnan on ! Thursday owning is variously criti-! cised, some regarding it as in?uniilicant j boyish pranks, and others as acts de-' serving very hearty condemnation, j The University council have held several meetings about it, but have not yet taken any decided steps. If a "riug" exists in Columbia the Columbia people do not know it and no slate has been hnng out at any rate, and the "bosses" have not dictated whom the people shall vote for. As i is really the fact the people themselves j are casting about for candidates, and Fairfield's worthy statesman, General John Bratton, is being strongly advocated. General Brat ton is much respected in Itichland County, and his 1 high character, his reserved, modest and dignified couise lias won tor him many strong supporters. If the rest of the State think a? does Richland General Bratton will be our next Governor. It has been noised abroad that Col. A. C. Haskell's friends would push him forward, but as yet it has been only a rumor. Criminal Court ended here on Friday, and a rece?s ot one week has been f.jL-011 Vinf/irn *}(,? rvv?l Horlcpf wiil bt; taken np. Judge Wallace is the presiding judge, and among-the attorneys and the people generally he is very popular. About o o'clock on Saturday afternoon the stables of the Columbia Drivinjr Association \yere burned. A number ol line horses were i:i the stable^ but all were s*;ved, though one had the hair on his. tail tinged. At 1.30 a. m.. Sunday morning, the wholesale drug house of Wannarnaker & Murray was found to be on fire. The lire \v<u soon subdued I hough considerable datnsge was done the roods aou the second ftior generally. About ran feet square wa?, bunied out of ihe ceiling anil roof, and the walls and shelving wit'j the rest of the ceiling was much blackened by the smoke. Tb.o dam a ire is about $2,500 and is /'v.lly covered by insurance. The ladies or the Fir.-t I'a^byterian Church gave two ver> nice entertainments on the grounds of the new Presbyterian Female Semincry, the old Preston place, last week. Thev realized about $100 prolit, and afforded amusement for many old and voting people. Columbia and the Presbyterians arc particular in placing great hope in this Female Institution and tee! that it will supply a long felt r li<-. Thorft 5ir?i no more b-jautiful grounds in the Stale, and it is thought that next fall there will be opened ihe best Female College in the State on these beautiful ground* As at the University, Fairfield will be represented among the faculty nnd Miss Lilla Beatv is expected to fill one of its chairs. Miss Beaty's reputation is well known in Columbia and ail think the selection a very wise one. Fairfield is expected to solid many daughters to the Female College. There are a number of Fairfield borne in Columbia now and the immigration seems to have extended to I soiue of the dark skinned population who used to worry Mr. Skinner so much at train time. I saw throe of this class yesterday and each of them claimed to be making an honest living now. One of them told me that all of \Vimis.h?ro that had not come to Co liimbia had moved to the line of the j Georgia, Carolina and Northern railroad ::cur Greenwood. f. h. m'm. j Sixty Dollars in Cash I'rizes. | The Swift Specific Company, Atlanta, Ga., the manufacturers of the great blood medicine. S. S. S., have just issued a nice riddle book, illustrated with pretty engravings, in which they oiler sixty dollars in prizes to the boys and girls of America who will correctly give the answers. The following are the list of prizes: For the first set of correct answers 810 00 '? on i1 or inu scci??i ~ ._,v.. For the third sat 8 00 For the fourth set 7 00 For the lifth set 0 00 For the sixth set o 00 For the seventh set 4 00 For the eight set 3 00 For the ninth set '2 00 For the tenth set 1 00 For the eleventh to the fiOth set. each 10 j Those wishing :t cony of this riddle ; book can obtain it lrcc by sending us their address and inentioninir this paper. Swift Spkcific Co.. Atlanta. Ca. Darher J)utoss* Good Luck. Ticket Xo. 12.122 drew the second capital prize of $100,000 in the January drawing of the Louisiana State Lottery- One-twentieth of this ticket! was held by Cornelius X. Duross, who ! was found yesterday by a Sun reporter j at his barber shop. 103 Joseph Campau j avenue. "I received the $5,000 j through the American Express Co..' and it %-ame to me like a God send," said the fortunate man. T held the ticket absolutely and 110 one was entitled to a division of the prize as has been reported. The money I will invest in real estate.?Detroit (Mich.) S'int February 9. NOMINATIONS MADE. j IS. It. TILL3IAX FOR COVETiXOR? | J. r. COIT FOR I.IEVTEXaXT ooricitsoit. They art* not Satisfied with the I're.seii ! Workings of the Democratic Party? J Proceedings of the Convention. Columbia, Ma-di 27.?The Farm j ers' Conve' iion ha- uit-i and nominated i candidates i-? su: mit to:in- Democratic | Convention in Aui;u?i. Cant. I?. II. j Tillman is ihe i;t?iui:.et' 1?-r Governor | autl Mr. J. ('. Coit :or LieutenantGovernor. It w.\* <J<ei ictl not to j nominate liny more .St;;tu officer-: that i the (jovcrnor ami Lkmcnant (lor- j ernor could vindicate the principle of the farmers-' movement, and thai it' was not necessary to nominate any ! other officers. Much interest was j taken in the Convention by ihe people i of Columbia, ami from the llr.-t of the ! meeting to its close the ?ailerirs were i filled with spectators and many more : /ill flik? ft.iAl' /\f f lift ItikllO.i The majority of the do legato* ar-1 rived in tlie cis v <?ii Tuc.-day :i;sd :here ! were many btti?on-hole ruuensse* during i;? ?t (Jay and t*v?'!iii!^ and on \V(dju-ed:?r iiusii 12 tn , when ihe (Vnvention met. Many were tlie qneries, "What will the CojiYvmion du? "Will there be any n-nriinaiiniij-? Who will be nominated?"' -\i-ny spoke t)i' ex-Mayor Conrtenav, b?ti the knowing ones locked wiso and j said lien Tillman will the choice of! the Convention if noiniiiu'. are made. A number of Fairfield : were on hand, and as all uifi/.-n* in j the grand old County do, took macii interest in all that was going on. Here and there one of Fairfield's men could be seen in the centre of a knot of men, either listening to the tale of another or letting fall word-; of wisdom and advice for moderation. Before 12 in. on Wednesday the tide of triable was turned towards the State floiue and ;it 12.20 when the Convention was called to order hy President Shell, who rapped on the speaker's stand with new if a vol pre-; senied i?y four Orangeburg ploughboys. The work <>t organization men began. President Shell tlelivered his address 10 the Convention in which he stated that the Convention had been called b\ the friends of retrenchment and reform who look thi* means of submitting to the people of the State certain measures thai they favored. lie. professed the greatest devotion tor the Democratic puxty and declared that all notions ol'the fanners were subject to the Democratic Convention's approval or rejection, fie reviewed his own record and said he was willing to compare with any man i:i the Siate and did not deserve the abuse and ridicule that had been heaped upon him. Chairman Tolbcrt. oi Edgefield, was then escorted to the chair, and the assumed control of the body. Two { secretaries were then elected*. After some discussion, in which it was shown that it was the wish of some to exclude all who were not in sympathy with the movement to nominate" from the Convention. A committee consisting of one delegate from each county was appointed on credentials. Ivcv. J. A. Sligh then introduced a resolution instructing the committee on credentials not to admit any one not in sympathy with the movement, but as there was 110 organization the resolution was put in the hands of the committee without debate in the house or instructions to the committee. Confusion reigned about this t.mc, but the chairman wts equal to the occasion and allowed the resolutions to be put in the hands of the committee. Col. Dargan. of Sumter, in an eloquent manner appealed for freedom of speech, and the liberty of being heard, but ISev. Sligh intimated that something was wrong with Sumter and the committee retired. Chairman Tolbert then addressed the Convention, on the purposes and aims of the Convention, and closed by saying that there was no corruption in high places in South Carolina, but that there had been extravagance and it was this extravagance that they intended to remeuv. After the election of a vice president and some short discussions 011 important matters the convention took a recess until 3 P. M. At exactly 8.10 p. m. the Convention reassembled, and the chair slated that lie was ready to hear auv motion. On motion of Mr. Burns, of Darlington, it was decided to consider a platform. At this point the Convention decided to be governed by the rules of the House of Representatives. The chair appointed one delegate' from each county u committee on Resolutions. Although the committee on credential!* were instructed :it the morning session to exclude ail delegates not in sympathy with the -pirir a:id purpose of the cull, it made a report in the nature of a compromise. The repor* is as follows: 1st. Tlwt. t!u: delegato:- from Barnwell and Sutuier be seated. 2nd. That Messrs. Woflbrd and Stribbling, from one of the contesting delegations (Spartanburg) be seated, and that eight from the other delegation be seated, to wit: G. B. Dean, Jones W. Foster, J. B. Q. Landrum, W. c. S. Wood. M. P. Patton, II. L. Farley, B. \V. Smith and L. E. Farley. The third paragraph of the report i)nAla!>n>1 flirt lief- nf rlolf?(rAt<?; from sill other Counties correct. It may he mentioned here that Mr. L. E. Farley whs objected to by other members of the delegation from Spartanburg on the ground that lie lived in Laurens, and, therefore, had no ri^ht 10 sit as a member of the delegation. This objection was raised after the vote on the motion nut to make nominations. The chairman held that Mr. Farley, though living in Laurens, j ronhl sit as a delegate from Spartan bury. At the instance, however,of Mr. II. F. Farley, a brother of Ij. E. Farlev, the chair announced that the vote of the latter gentleman would not be counted. Mr. Tindall, ot' Clarendon, read the platform, which Mw^Tillman subsequently said lie brought, 4ji his pocket j already wnJlHTT*'It will be published j hereafter. The platform was first consideit-1 j by sections and then as a whole. The I ayes and noes were demanded on} motion to adopt the. whole. The j cnair reiuseu xo uiucruuu mi's >auiig, in subtancc. it would take too much time, and if the noes were not satislied lie hoped that they would become reconciled. The convention was now made a scene of confusion hv the motion of Mr. Harrison not to make nominations, which motion was made as a substitute to one offered by Mr. Padgett with just the opposite object in view. A number of good speeches i pro and con were made. Those of Messrs. Harrison. McQueen and Dargan against nominations were very forcible and eloquent, and it seemed at the close of Col. Dorian's earnest appeal that he had the winning cards; but, after a few short speeches on both sides, a vociferous call was made for Capt. Tillman. Mr. Tillman stepped to {he head of X r i the centre aisle in front of the reporters < *!) V, :?-1? I with his character!-1 h: lorcu m-ri^ a vigorous spcech in l.ivor ?jf nt>(uin.i!!ons. lie hail hardly taken hi* a wiscn some delegates shouto': I- ' us nominate him for Governor. L 1 cheers, hats i:i the air, and tr? standing on chairs, could t>e :!tr;r.i men accoruing to the sense which men know such acts. < :?M. 'i'illmau was a power in the (Joi.v> n::-?:?. A great many :n??r? .emarks were! made br gentlemen, rind cries of "The | question!" ikTne qntsth.n! * brought I forili a long a-id olaOopiio-pm-h from ! tIn* chair, who *ecin<-d fond of .-j>e<*chmaking ?seldom announcing a motion or making a rating wiiliooi a deal of prrfajcry icrsia/ks --'or Tillman. We!!, to cut a h?t:g ii;ing short, a vote wa-i taken on rhe motion no: to make nomination, Fairfield delegation voting agaiu.M it except Mr. Rutland, u*t:o was not in the lrill at the time his name was called. Thy chair p-uu-C-i some time before he announC'-d officially ti.r result, a number of dele- : gates, who had voted aye, through Mr. Irby, changed their votes. The re-ult was, ayes 114, nays 120. This t-hcr.ved that nominations would bt; made, and a (iuvernor and Lieutenant Governor * were nominated* Captain I>. 11. Till- 1 man was nominated by Capt. Irov for th<? r>!:ife. Col. J. L'oit for ihe second by Mr. Green. Mr. Tillman was escorted to the Speaker's stand, and made u lew appropriate remarks. The purpose ??i' the Convention wa? now p.aetically ended. A preamble and resolutions commending the (.'lun leston Worlu ty Captain Shell, au.l ! : offering which he condemned T/'k; Xara owl Courier and other newspapers, one thanking the railroads tor favors, one protesting a<;nins>t the compound lard bill before Congress, one constituting the Chairman of each ?ifa state campaign oini-i .: >*, out; endorsing the snbT; e.i-;;- \* -(Ui'iine, c?-:c- thanking the officers of the. Convention, wore all passed wif hour much discussion. Indeed it would have taken a man with the strong voice of a lion to have made himself he-ird amid the talking-, laughter, whispering and hurrahs at this stage of the proceedings. The Convention adjourned a few minutes after 10 o'clock J\ M. cor roy. Its Necessities ?m<l How to Supply Tliem. (Xtics and Courier.) j'u the Editor of The Xetcn and Courier: The interest excited in the prize corn contest of last year has directed many inquiries to be made of the experiment station as to the principles which should guide one in attempting to secure the largest possible yield of crop per acre. The following in answer to one such inquiry in regard to cotton may be found of general interest: THE BEST KIXI) OF SOIL. Under existing meteorological conditions the physical character, condi tion and position of the soil is of the lirst importance. "With sufficient moisture and high manuring the largest possible crop of cotton should be expected from a light, line grained sand or loam soil with a subsoil allowing easy drainage and movement of ;water up and down. Such a soil should ge selected for the same reason market gardeners prefer such a soil when they wish to force their truck to an early maturity and produce the largest size and most perfect plants and the largest possible yield per acre. The subsoil should not be so open as to allow too easy drainage so as rapidly to dry out the land, nor so close, as in the case of heavy clay. n-liw.li n-,wil<7 vnt'iv/l tliA n+' water and prevent the free circulation of air v? ithin the soil. A clay soil is undoubtly a stronger soil ordinarily for continuous cropping, but the crop cannot readily be "forced beyond a certain point. TIIK QUANTITY OK MOISTIKK. Having secured a soil with good surface and underdrainage, it is essential that during the first period of growili, while the plant is putting 011 its growth of weed and storing up nourishment from the soil for its second or fruiting period, the soil should contain constantly sufficient moisture for the need of the plants. If the soil becomes dry during this period the growth of the plant will be checked and fruiting begin before the plant has taken up sufficient nourishment from the soil to produce sufficient crop, and although succeeding rains may excite the vegetative functions and make them once more active, any serious check at this time will impair 'the yield and probably the quality of the product. It will be understood that the soil should not be too wet for any length of time, but should contain 011 the average auouc ou per cent 01 me amount it could hold if it were completely saturated., and the water content should not vary much from this amount one way <ir another. When irrigation may he practiced this may be maintained with case except in exceptional wet seasons. "When irrigation cannot be practiced provision must he made for tiding over periods of dry weather or drought by judicious cultivation. In the first place grass and weeds must be scrupulously excluded,, as they pump up vast quantities of water and tend to dry out the soil. now to cultivate. The surface of the soil should be Kept constantly stirreu, leaving- n loose, dry mould over the surface, to prevent evaporation from the soil as far as possible. This cultivation should l>e very shallow, if the soil is light and porous and the season dry, so as not to dry out any more of the soil than is actually necessary nor disturb the roots at this stage of growth, as most of the available plant food is contained near the surface and the roots should remain in the richest feeding ground. Willi a stifler soil this cultivation may properly be much deeper, for it may be an object to dry out as much of the soil as possible by exposure to the air, and thus evaporate the water when it will nut pass downward rapidly enough For the same reason, under similar conditions higher beds can be used 011 stift'soils than on light ones, as thev expose more surface to the air. If one couid foresee any particular season of drought and could afford to spread cotton seed hulls or straw 0/ uine straw over the surface, such a mouVi would almost certainly prevent injur;.- to the crops from our longest and Everest drought. Such a mould might, however, be equally injurious in a wet ?<<son and in the ripening period as it wocld be of value (luring drought, and *:? outspoken of as illustrating the principle which should guide one m tlie cultivation of the crop. THE FRUITING SEASON'. During the second or fruiting and ripening period, which begins about the middle of July or thereabouts. depending upon the character of the * 1 .1? ,1! ! soil and me general ciimanc cunuitions. and indicated generally by a slight change of color of the leaves, which take on a vellowisli tinge as seen over a field of some extent, the soil should become much dryer, containing 011 the average not much over 25 per cent of the amount of f vrater it would hold if saturated. Cultivation should cease and jrrass and v>'ci -. > 110 longer feared, as all these conditions tend to dry out the soil. If the plant, after putting, on sufficient weed for the amount of i crop excepted, fails to put. on fruit as it should, bur from excessive rains i or other cause scents inclined to weed.! I believe a heavv application of salt! i i. i . i. .1. : ?.1. ?i I migiic CIlifC'K UK* jjtuw m aim inuutv. ; fruiting, or that part of the root! system might he advantageously cut J oft'with a bull tongue i>r other narrow j plough, so that the plants would noi j be able to avail them-elves of the j excessive moisture, and leaving only j enough roots, or. in rase of salt. [ vitality enough to supply the plant with the relatively small amount of | moisture wedwl for the formation of' the woody matter of the and the twigs which sustain them. These remedies against over-production of weed should be used cautiously because, so far as 1 know, they have never i been tried systematically in this way. I find they should never be resorted to I1 until it is desired that the plan; shall put on fruit at once. Till-: l" SIC OK l'I. A XT STIMULANTS. Having spoken of the physical condition of tiie soil suited to the best crop production, it remains to speak of the general principles which should govern the use of manures and fertilizers. In the tirst place it is essential that the plant produce sufficient weed in the first period of growth to mature an amount of crop it is expected to rear. The piant does not take up food from the soil and place it ini mediately where it is intended it should ultimately remain, but stores it up during' its early growth in the leaves, stems and stalks to he later transferred to the fruit or seed. A corn stalk is tender, succulent and nutritious when cut for fodder at an early stage of growth, for ir contains at this time most of the matters which would he later transferred and stored up in the seed. After this transfer is made and the grain has ripened the stalk is exhausted of about all of the nutritions matters it contained. and is course, woody and ncarlyl worthless as food. So there :ire two I things to consider; lirst, to see that J there is sufficient growth of weed, and next to see that '.he nutritive matters which the plant contains arc transferred ;is completely as possible to the seed, leaving as little as possible in the stem and leaves. Nitrogenous! manures favor the growth of weed, provided the. soil contains sufficient moisture, and if the moisture supply can be kept constantly sufficient for the need of the plants, the weed would increase in proportion to the amount of nitrogenous manures used on any soil of moderate fertility. If therefore,. it i.s known from past experience that the soil will not produce sufficient weed for the large crop expected, nitrogenous manures. stable manure, cotton seed or cotton seed meal, must be used to produce large, vigorous plants. TIIK FOOD FOK l-'UL'IT. Ilavingprovided for a sufficient weed development by the use of nitrogenous manure, it is essential that <-01110 provision be made lo check this growth in due season and incline the plant to put on fruit and ripen it before frost. To this end phosnhoric acid ? ^ J- i.w is usuii in sunn; iuhii. win ?umrt ji is contained in rather large amounts in the seed of :ill plants and because it has been found 'from experience to materially Hasten the maturity of the plant and favor fruit production, while il cheeky excessive weed development. If, therefore, it is believed from past experience or from the large amount of nitrogenous manure usod that the crop will "incline to run to weed, or be late in maturing, phosphates should be used 111 relatively large amounts in the manuring. Potash applied in the form of kainit or muriate or sulphate of potash seems to aid in the transfer of nutritive matters. When potash is lacking in an available form the plant has a sort of indigestion or dvspepsia. being unable tu properly assimilate the food I it takes in. This probably causes shedding and from the lowered vitality renders the plant peculiarly liable to injury from rust. So iliat if from past experience the plants are liablo to shed or rust, potash should be used in relatively large amounts in the manuring. TIIE PKINCIl'J.KS OK C0TTOX l'J.AXTIXG. These are briefly the principles which should guide one in the production of cotton so far as we have been able to make them out. If the land does not yield sufficient weed, use nitrogenous manures and keep the water-content of the soil as near 50 per cent of its water-holding capacity over the llrstv period of "growth as possible. If the soil is inclined to be late in maturing the crop or inclined to make it run to weed, use the phosphates and keep the soil dry during the fruiting and ripening period, and if the crop is inclined to rust or shed, use potash in some form. So that the -1 i_.. -vii.. ?:i 7 -e CllliriU'lUI' ?JA 111C .V.JJ1 aiiLl iuiuici v.v-1 pcricncc will determine for any particular season or climate the kind of cultivation and the relative proportion of each of the three fertilizing ingredients generally used. In regard to the distance of planting, we have found from our own exp-rimcnts that! this is immaterial between nine inches \ and three and a half feet in the row. j Miltox Whitney. Vicc Director Experiment Station. Columbia. March 17. 181*0. tsy. This is what Von cuirlit to have, in fact, j you must have it, to fully enjoy life. Thousands are seaiching fur it* daily, nn;l mourning because they'find it not." Thousands upon thousands of dollars are spent annually by our people in the hope that they may attain this boon. Ami yet it j may be "had by all. We guarantee that j Electric Bitters", if used according to di-1 rectsons and the use persisted hi, will bring you Uood Digestion and oust the demon "Dyspepsia and install instead Eupepsy. V\'e recommend Electric Bittvrs for Dispepsia and ::!1 diseases of Liver, Stomach and Kidneys. Sol-! at ">oe., ami ?L per bottle by Mo.Waster. Uriee <? Ketchin, Drug?i.-<ts" j NOTICE. rPJlE next regular < :c.;ni :i:;;i <n < f X teachers lor ihe public seho>i> .vill be held at the Court JIouv* o:s j Friday, April 4. Teachers whose ?;er- ' tificates or licenses have expin tl. ami! parties wanting ceruth::Jte<, will bu expected to appear on that tiny. Examination will besiin at !> u. :n.| and close at 4 p. ro. ! II. L. DUiCK. S. i.\ F. c. j 4-2flxl Notice lor Final Discharge. *" WVTT T. itiiilvtii J \ TTinnrmf JL of Probate for Fairfield County, on Tuesday, tlie 22nd day of April, ' for a final dischaujxe as Administrator of tiie estate of IJ. C. Clownev, deceased. j T110S5. \V. lilllCE, o tJ2flx3 Administrator. CLIFTON GARDENS. FKOil a collect-on of eislity varieties of Clir\santhemu;issjnost" of them of: J recent introduction. the>v^lve be.-t varie- I ties may lie had for $1.00; ifc\?best t\vc-n- ; ty-four varieties 50c per dozSu the re-! ?",?inder of collection at 13c. pertftctn. ?0-3-l y MISS. H. A. GAlLLAfti). ~?-? - ?' \ !. NO :CF-, N , SURVEYING DONE AX^ SOLICIT ed by v ^ ?2 GAR TRAi^V 12-12txlv .Jennings, S. ( >v' I POWDER ! Absolutely Pure. This :>tj\v.ier never varies. A ::i:irv?r. of | I'i;rity, -tivn^. h ar.d wholesoinejiess. Xioiv ; t''Mnur.iic:i! C:;C:?: tiu- ordinary tvir.ds, i.?-l cannot '?>.? s:)i<! in ("-oinpetitio!: with the j muititii if of low test, short wt-itruT .mias or phosjiliatc ;?nvvotrs. HiUJ only Li* c '?-* j ' V.v.v:. I) \.ki>.;; (.Jo., i0t> Wall I St., N . V. . _ | Sf-iii L?y MoMiister. iit-f'f i | 'iV'-rr* 4-li:\lV i : X EW ADVERTISEMENTS j' A GEXTS WASTED by an oldrrlia-j -Ti. b'e firm; large profits, quick sales, J Sample free, a rare opportunity. Geo. A. | Scott, i> 12 Broadway, X. Y. Bk B^WESS & HEAD NOISES CUBESby B Si? ia fla * ?*'.? LNTihlBLK TU8ULAA EAR fipr HBO SvL S CUSHIONS. Whispers heard. Comtortible. Sa?ptifalwhcr?al! 2e??di??f*ll. ScldbjF. HISCOX, nlj, SiZ Lc'iwir, Sew York, Write tr book otprt>cA MIX. CK;chest?R:3 ENGLISH 1 ?? HIS Stattg S'/fyr'v\ 4,1 flulj ~cjiuinr n:H " y*,,\ \-i-..V''i r--!i?Me pili :.>r.-ii'r. Naiy^m!. I 4fk ' * j****!?'' i cUv _?dV?>V:I>:ar:or.a Erar.U. ": rr< 1 nu- \?i.v,' -. ??' ,V, Voi.?. n.:.*-! ulti'i !.> rih- \ S/f pl ^ y>J AtUracci-U. A<~vpt \Y 1 )f\ it?? other. a.i pill* i& p?*? ' : ?/r !):-nr?l U>x^. i-ihk vrni-pMrr a<!a.njjcr \ *?* ou* ccuntorfvlC. 4e. for \ {]' i- .rUculaM au-l ~i:r!!dT.r I.?-J!t?." > : \ letter, br ri-i-iirii n..-.:. i(),?)< )) tv.tl* Don!;:iMirunj LACiES "lioiu'e c?.i!.J.iBic P:.^r. t'liiciiOitcr CJJwiaiccl u" .<'..rJiiia.,ri?. imsmm hasr balsam ; Cleaaso. and beautifies the hair. 2 MPromotes a luxuriant growth. Never Fails io Restore Gray Hair to it> Ycuihfti! Color. ?:W-s5v*c? ^ 'vSProreati iiacdruff and hair falling j IV/Tl-rSri^y SA &0c- and SI .00 at Droectst*. "" . NO PINS. | \ gents wanted to sell tlie Pin- ; A less Clothes Lines: -no more i clothes pins needen. It holds the heaviest ;<nd finest fabrics without pins. Clothes do not freeze to it an dcannot blow olf. It is a perfect \vint*rlinc Sample line sent by maii for r?0c.; also 30ft. line by mail ?1.25 prepaid. For circulars, price list, terms, address the PIXLESS CLOTHES LINE CO., 17 Kermou St., "Worcester, Masts. usAnc wrru Rnii iKir; WiTrR. GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. . How Lest! How Regained, inrkf immtJlL THE SCIENCE OF LIFE A Scientific and Standard Popular Jtedical Treatise on the Errors of Youth,Premature Decline, Iservoua find Physical Debility, Impurities of the BIco<L MBMi >*TnariT-rr?rar.i?i.nrn?.i !! ? , Resulting from Folly, Vice, Ignorance, Excesses or | Overtaxation, Enervating arid unfitting the victim I for V.'ork, Business, the Sarried or Social Relation. Avoid unskillful pretenders, Possess this great work. It contains ?00 pases, royal svo. Beautiful binding, embossed, full gilt. I'rice only ?1.00 by mail, postpaid, concealed in plain wrapper. Illustrative Prospectus Free, if vou apply now. The distinguished author, Win. H. Parker, M. P., received the GOLD AM) JFAVELLED MEDAL from the National Medical Associatioa far this PRIZE ESSAY on NEItVOUS and PHYSICAL DEBILIT Y.Dr.Parkerand acorps of Assistant Physicians nay be consulted, confidentially, by mail or in person, at the office of THE PEABODY MEDICAL INSTITUTE, No. 4 Bulfinch St., Beaton. Mass., to whom all jvrders for books or letters for advice should be directed as above HAVING RETURj i ^ jV WE ARE NOW K SPRING : A AND EXTEND AN INVITO AN D ';S OUR ItttLIN WILL BE FOUND LAR PLETETHAN HERET< READY FORI Islaster, Bra t rn iitrr r II VV .LJUJLj . . ?TO CALL Iff III SI AND GET OUR PRICES. WE WAchild to .;cc how tlu;y eu:i buy Iron Wo haw jn<t untrue;! a uv !i::c of ; CHNGPAMS :t!nl WHITE GOODS. TABLE GIL CLOTH iu vurieti LADIES SHOES from 7.}.;. up. EM'JUOIDERY and LACES at price? COO PARLOR MATCHES fu:-."?c. Goods - Arrive - Even" - f Do;ri come to Winnsboro without loo} 02rot if. EI. L A N D PROPRIETOR NEW YO ->s 1 -a?? UNPRECEDENTED ATTRACTION! OVER A MILLION DISTRIBUTED. ^ Louisiana State Lottery Company Inecrponi i?*<i by the Lc*_-^I:atir<*, for ' ^ F.duc:iti<>ita! atuf Charitable purposes, ? J :... A- : ?.i? i>r,"V< IHU US iliUiri'W ?. J- , Hit State Constitution, ;;i >'7;\ l.y :::i overnvliehmn'j popu! r vote. itsMAMMorii* OI:AU *<?-r*ii-Aiiiiii:iIIv vltiTie I' uirj.-anil its cuaxii drawings lak- '? < :!? ! ?.;i er t#?u litonlhs of the vwii-, : 4.: ;.? rs JI <:r:?v :t i?i pnl>!:o, :?t tli.?' .!? : <!<n:> ?J ?w -j Orleans, i..i. "IMEIl FUR TW ;;v ?V VKiiW, % For Integrity Gt us aal'Praspt - PgyMt o! frirs. 1 Attcs*;'(i fiitiifV.s : " ]\'.r 1:0/i ruby CCrthai re + J the (IVntiiifjncTitxfor ail tl<> Si on>h Semi-A iwvul Or"i'ii..:x yt 1rr in > State f.'jih r;; CuM/Hiny, <in.fiin ut-rxjn aye and r.-,utr./l lU* J)n"ri/r/x (?ir/if<':rrx, . and t/oit ' < are coTidvcied trill' &y*fa?rn&ra?d in good faith tvivirO ' 1 parties, <um] i'.u!liori:c the Cmn.<> use thl* cerfrjirtt.'e. Kith fuc-xiHtil* i'J " r xigvitihtres 'it:r.-licd, in it* adtsrti*eihf, " ^ /* >4 4 I Comniij*ioiicrs. .1 We the undersigned Banks and Bankets willpai/ all Prizes drawn in The Louisiana State Lotteries which may be presented at \ I oar counters. K. 31. YFALHSLEY, Pres. Lou'na Nat. PIERRE LmCX, Pres. State Nat. Bk ^ A. BAIDWIX. Pres.Xew Orleans Nat. IJk. ? CARL. KOHJi, Pres. Union National Ulc. n?2 IT?n UTiiliU iiiyui/uiv uiOinmz At the Academy of JlKsie, New Orleans. x , Tuendar, April 15, 1S90. CAPITAL PRIZE, $300,000. lOO.OOO.Tickets at.: TvrentyDoIiars each. ' Halves s^'O; Quarters S.~; 7Vn;!is "S'~ Ttren tic t!i? SI. . LIST OK PHIZES. 1 PKI7.Z OF SSOO.OOO Is SJO.OOO i riCi/E of 100,000 is 100,000 1 PRIZE OF 5o,o?o Is 3<i,ooo 1 PRIZE OF 23,000 is *.'5,000 J PRIZES OF !o,ooo are 20 ooo 5 PRIZES OF 5 000 W. 23.000 25 j/KIZES OF 1.?km are 23 ooa loo PRIZES OF 5oo sr.: io.ooo uni'/uc /\v> -jfv-. ?.i-,i rs\ nnrt i 5oo PRIZES OF ioo arc .-loo,ocu % " j APPROXIMATION PIiI7.ES. -i ioo Prizes Of 53g0 21? $30,000 \ loo Prizes oi soo are 30,000 loo Prizes of -00 are 1:0,000 terminal ku:zi:8. V. <K9 Prizes of $10 5 art- $99,900 2S>5 Prizes or loo ars 99,9i;0 3,13^ Prizes amounting to $l,o34,soo Note.?'Tichets drawing Capital Prizes are not eiiUUea to Temlnal Prizes. AGENTS WANTED. < r-srr? Clc* Rate-, or any runner fzform- f atlon Hie.si red, ;wrlic l^IDIy to th? undersigned, clcariy statiay your residence, villi Stat?, County. Street uini Numbrr. IIore rapid ??riirn rtwill HaHvwt h#* f.Cili! />. ? !?v* rAll" enclosing :ip- Kiiv^'oya ijcarlnj your lull address. IMPORTANT. Address K. A. DAUPHIN', v ' New Orleans Lu., * or M. A. DAUPHIN. Wathiazton, D. C. 1>v r*/?nt ilrtlnf IVTiinor issuVfl 'uy ail Express Companies. Ne?v York Eicirih-je. Draft cr Pos:a! Xjw. Address Registered Letters mWi Carrancy to NEW OlitKAKS NATIONAL SAKE, Xt w Orleans. L*. MRK5iKS525i:ii. r!i:;t r;;r o;i;a:ti:i or Prizes is <?: /?;;,vVT::i.i> by ZATlOXAh I5A*.KS -'if ?-iV <ir!*;a:r> und Tiie Ticlcet!? :i!> s!"?-r <i i)v Xhe Pr>-Si:I-I:t 01 311 Institution. vliO-? elsar.'.-rM il^lits arc wcosnizsd in tae iii^h^t Ou: 's. Uinr-for*. c '..tie of all ii?ilc."t!o:i.i ',r ajionyiricus ONE ixvm.AK ;i- fh' pries of Mi- sulkiest p:trt fir fr:ivr?oii o'n T:c5kt. issui?;? UYUsia any Drawing. Ar i:i ("ir nam'* < ff.v ct ?j for less ti:a:i a DoiUr ia i swindle. ?' KSIIae ^s^tPRFF OKOOPCS i n raltk t'^ilTv M t \iSs thc world. Cicr facilitlei we |5 I K?y?k - !y k! P4 { | unequaiird. end to introduce oa* fiu'^r TSfc>i3?3L I fotKTsorcoodiiwc will send FKKB fe?H55&?jE'* I""" tobsE PtRSOX in each locality. ~Z<\ ey toabovc Only those who wnte *fi g?S?!?sjif* t0B,3? once can make sere of /^W?StfS?|BK the cliancc. A!! you have to do :n Vg^wttVrSy^jfv^teO 'Ctum i? to >bcw our good? to 2, i &? those who call? your neighbors ,i i/*r\r?froSS?r7-^_ or,f* 'hose iroand you. Toe be? Ski tKr* V;ic&rr="*' Jfmiin;: of this ad?-erti*ement. *" ^ thwri the small end of the telescope. The following exit pve* the appearance of it reduced to. about th' fiftieth rart of its balk. It is a (rrjTid. double size trie? scope.as largeas :? ea.-y to carry ">Vc will al*4*hoiv you how voii. can make front toSlO a day at least, front the start,without experience Uetter write?t once We pav all express charges. Address, II UALLE1 fiCO.. Boi SSO,'P0CTLi>O, iUJSE. NOTICE F02 FINAL DI3CHA3S3 I WILL apply to J. A. Ilhinant, Judge of 1'iobate for Fairfield Countv, on Monday. t!ie 14th dty of April, iwh>, < for a "tina! discharsre "as Adminis rator % ? of the Kstate , :r mcoys Pope, deceased. J. W 130LICK. o-lUf 1x3 Administrator. STED FROM THE : "a .twstw/'??{? MMJiFm & S , 7 LECEIVING OUR STOCK, itrnmta att rrr\ r rwtrv \ J J. w - jl W \^/ EE IT. [SET STOCK GER AND MORE COM3FORE, AND IS NOW NSPECTION. so & KeteMa, P A ^V" ' ~V7 ) IT X. jL 1. JL .JL AT THE? ipirpfl nfjipr? mil kmb ST EVKKY MAX, WO MAX AND n ti?. >ATEEX>; .'ilro a. nice l;u?- of I>!?KSS, ; that will a-to.ii'h you. > M - Fni - ta - loil. cing at our -tock; if you <L> you will ^ ^ ^ ? = ? U IV E K. RK ItACKET STORE.