University of South Carolina Libraries
" * . < I'. ; v: ": ' . -1' j -- ? . f '. * .- * v *?. ' l'- ~~^~~\~-'--j- " - :- ' = __ ? : i?:? . , ' - ' ... ,..._.! t ?YOL. XLV. WINNSBORO^S. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1888. , ) NO. 5, __ _____^_M___J ; . . ^ T^rrrr J wnn ?nw TV cotton. I Vnnm TwriHvAlv from General Grant I a defense of th|e bustle. k TBE FARMERS OF THE STATE. 0 WHAT ORGANIZATION AND LEGI^LAW TION HAVE DONE FOR THEM. T A Review of the Pro. islons Slade by the I State for the Improvement and Ad^Nyancement of Agriculture?General Johnson Hagood's Spartanburg Address. At the Farmers' Encampment, held at Spartanburg, General Johnson Hagood delivered the following address: We are to-day assembled to conduct the ?rst State Farmers' Institute held in South Carolina by direct provision of law. Before entering upon the duty, it may not be amiss to recall briefly what 1? Koan rinnA in our State JittO WVM for the advancement of the knowledge and practice of agriculture, as well as to consider the means to the same end now provided by existing legislation. Our present State laws provide: For a State Agricultural Society. For an Agricultural College. For three Experimental Stations. And for State and Local Farmers' Institutes. THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. It is over one hundred years since the first agricultural society was formed in this State. That society was the first agricultural society in America, and is still in a flourishing existence at Charleston; but circumstances have given it more local than general nseminess. Seventy years ago a society embracing in its scope the entire State -was organized at Colombia. It was short-lived. In the next thirty years two other efforts were made in the same direction without permanent success. Good, however, was accomplished. Some valuable papers were published, notably Chancellor Harper's memoir on slavery, Hammond on marl, and Seabrook's memoirs on the cotton plant. The establishment of more than one agricultural journal was induced, and the influence exercised upon ihe Legislature caused a geological and agricultural survey of the State to be made. On the 8th of .August, 1855, an agricultural convention met in Columbia and resulted in the organization of Jthe which the present ^jg^tural and Mechanical Hw Wi nf rinlnmhia -with crrounds I} and buildings; a considerable endowment fond was raised by the sale of life memberships, and for the first time State aid was extended. The Legislator? annually appropriated to the society five thousand dollars. "When in the full tide of its usefulness the civil war suspended its operations. Its buildings were destroyed in the conflagration of -Columbia, and its investments became i worthless from the results of the conflict. The reorganization of this society in April, 1869, was the first expression of hope that found utterance after the t war for .the industrial interests of the 8tate,*and when the gates were thrown I open for its first lair there was seen the first assemblage of the native white men ofSonth Carolina since the evil days of ^.3JeSSnSERKtitnrhad -be&llen, asserting - their light to monld her destinies, ^ ffihe. touch of the elbow was ?R'1 iiore felt, and the bngle call was sounded, for the political revolution of 1876. Until that event the society received no State aid; since then an appropriation of $2,500 is annually made in its behalf. The exhibitions at its fairs, more especially in the department of live stock, have steadily grown in interest and importance. The attendance is larger than upon any other occasion in the State, and the reunion here of the farmers has become the social event of - the year. ( Early in its history this society deter- , mined to oonfine the object of its winter ? meetings to the holding of its fairs and ' the requirements of necessary business, ( while at a summer meeting annually the . chief object should be the discussion of ; agricultural and mechanical subjects. A ^ carefully prepared syllabus of subjects wes reported and adopted for discussioo ' at successive meetings. It was directed | tlmt individuals should be appointed to ! open the discussions, and that a 8teaographer"should report the debate, , all of which should be published in ' v compendious form in the transactions ! l of lihe society. This was a "farmers' k . insfotnte," precisely what we, under that -^"Saiae, are inaugurating to-day. At first these summer meetings were successful; lattir they have languished, and it is a &' -question whether, in the concentration ^ of effort desirable for success, they may -v not be advantageously merged in the State Farmers' Institute, for which projtm -vision has now been made. THE AGBICtJLTUBAL COLLEGE. The Federal dc" 'on for the estabH$f lishment in each State of an agricultural i||* and mechanical college was with us at first appropriated exclusively to the Hffe bentifit of the colored people at the Sfe Clafiin Collie. Subsequently the in: teaest of the fund was divided and a V part used for an agricultural annex to.' the college for the white people^afc-CoK' \ lumbia. At the last sessiearfthe Leg\ islature, in thejEWgaiiization of the ft Universi^Jbi&annex was raised to the MpV diga?fcy and dimensions of a full college -eoequal in all respects with the other colleges composing that institution; and the members of the board of agriculture consisting by law exclusively of agriculturists, were made ex-ofScio members of the board of trustees of the University. At the first meeting for organization of the latter board the members of the board of agriculture as such were made a standing committee with powers ol a board of control in special charge of the agricultural and mechanical college. PA/1A*O1 AA'no+iAn lrri/^nm 11IO lUiLUCl X C^XVliU UVUUV4VU uuvxw aa the Hatch fond has been accepted by the Legislature and appropriated to ar> experimental station in connection with ^ ^tnd under the direction of this college. The college thus organized "will com, mence operation in October next. .Elaborate provisions have been made for teaching agriculture, agricultural chemistry and meteorology, chemistry, botany and zoology, geology and mineralogy, physiology and hygiene, vteerinary science and comparative anatomy, civil engineering and physics, mechanical engineering, mathematics and astronomy, history and political science, drawing, bookkeeping, shop and machine work, modern languages and E')f?lish. Tbe number of professor is si.liioiciil i4)ul tbe uj.pli.viefS for teachin c these sul iects are i*.nu.'le. college for the colored people afc Cl&flin, having in view the generally slight preparation of its possible pupils, has been wisely organized upon a more elementary and industrial plan. Besides I the Federal donation it also receives {State aid. Its resources are managed with a marked economy, resulting in the extension of its benefits to a large number of individuals. experimental stations. Besides the experimental station referred to as provided X>y the Hatch fond, two others have been erected bj the Legislature; one in the Piedmont belt and one in the lower section of the State. These three stations are now being established. The final provision, as the law now stands, for the advancement of agricultural education is that of farmers' institutes. The board of agriculture has been empowered to conduct farmers' institutes at such times and places and in such manner as may appear expedient. Assuming this duty, the board have decided that there shall be held annually one State. institute under charge of its executive committee, and that, in addition, there shall be such county and local institutes, when reauested bv anv local agricultural society or grange, as may be found practicable. THE TAIiUE OF INSTITUTES. Reviewing these provisions it cannot be said that our Legislature has been unmindful'of the interests of the farmers. Wiiat calling or profession among our people has upon the statute book such care taken for its advancement? The question that arises is not as to the extent, but as to the efficiency of the scheme adopted in some, if not all, or its particulars. Let us consider this. And at the outset we are compelled to go largely into theory and conjecture. The scheme I have explained has not yet, in some of its particulars, been put into operation, and experience abroad has developed as to these same particulars no certain results. This remark does not apply to agricultural fairs with their object lessons. So far as they go, and in what they pretend to, they are a success. The fairs of the State Agricultural Society at Columbia, as well as the society itself, are firmly fixed in the affections of our farmers, and by the good already accomplished to our agriculture by the social reunions afforded and by the al mrtof hiof/vr-c nf tlift KClfMpfV wllftn South Carolina was known as the Prostrate State, this affection is deserved. State experimental stations have within their sphere a like certain value. In the close competition and narrow margin between cost of production and market value of farm products no liberties can be taken with ttyk cash account. Experimentation is conducted at a certain lo3s in the cm$ent account, whateap good may eyentrally result^ of(g?g?*apetent. ffl^pSSfe, for the general' wellfare, should bear the expense; and experts, who make such their life work, should be in charge. Again, svery farmer in the State, however humble or remote, at once and immediately, through the bulletins of the station, may reap the benefit of the success obtained, ar learn the lesson of the failures incurred. Experimentation has both its practical and scientific aspects. Within the recollection of most of us the oat srop was almost exclusively confined to the upper portion of the State, and even then it -was frequently injured by rust. Ln the middle and lower sections no variety had been found which was not ritener a failure than a success, from the same causes, and in my own county d! Barnweil it had ceased to be planted it all. The red oat of Mexican origin was accidentally brought to the attention of a farmer of Abbeville, and its rust-proof quality ascertained by field iS^riments. Since the area in 3ats in the upper"conntry is greatly extended, and it is now an ordinary farm product in the lower country. With this variety it is everywhere as certain a srop as any that is grown and the. State bas had added to its assured resources this most valuable of all grains for the feeding of horses. Had the Abbeville farmer, instead of the experiment made, 2arried his small parcel of seed oats to a shemist, could the crucible or the retort have detected its rust proof quality? STet another success in experiment like this, and I speak advisedly, would be worth more in pecuniary value to the State than the sum required to defray the expenses of its three experimental stations for fifty years. Governor Hammond introduced the sorghum plant * ?1 J_T_ n 1? JJ .1 i. J into douih Carolina, anu uemousuaieu on a large scale the practicability of its growth and its value in the production of syrup. The culture has now attained such proportions throughout the Union that the Federal Congress is now discussing a measnre to supplement former appropriations to the same end by adding $100,000 for efforts to crystalize the sorghum syrup into sugar. Here the province of the field trial ceases and that of the scientist begins. Each has its sphere, and both are essential to any complete experimental station. HOW TO KEEP UP IOTEBE8T. I am led to place the experimental stations, in positive value to our agriculture, in the first place among the means at our disposal for its advancement, but when we come to the consideration of institutes and the agricultural college VTTA A?A f A fA f? /woof fiTfonf i WO aic iuiwa LU IOIJT, uv a gicau CAWUVJ upon theory and conjecture in making up our estimate of each. In&Ltutes have met with appreciable success and attained considerable favor in some of the Northwestern States. That the ideji eptm which they are based is good one there can be no doubt. Disquisitions upon important subjects by tiiose who have given them special attention, followed by free inquiry and discussion by those who are sought to be instructed, must do good. The difficulty is when the novelty subsides to keep up sufficient interest and secure due attendance. The social feature must be introduced, and the farmers' wives and daughters enlisted. The occasion must be a picnic as well as a spelling bee. Bat above all, and beyond all, success attained elsewhere has been, bv confining them to their legitimate purposes, the discussion of purely agricultural subjects, and jealousy excluding politics, sectarian, religious or other disturbing topics. in the local institute, at proper seasons of the year, the social feature is eminently practicable, and may contribute much to continuous success. In the State institute it is less so. But here the greater dignity and emphasis of the occasion may bring together better instructed men to lead the debates, more thoughtful men to participate in them, and the stenographer's art will, through tbe agricultural press, disseminate in every farm house in the State the ideas evolved and impresse the conclusions reached, ft is true the summer meetings of the State Agricultural Society, the forerunnner of institutes with us, have not been altogether successful; but we must analyze their experience, and improve :j}?their methods. I am free to say of tLoyj t-umo meetings iLiut hxit all lite essays read and the aebuteo been preserved, as they should have been, the material would be at hand for the completion of a text book on agriculture, invaluable to tbe young South Carolina farmer, anrl insfcra?iive to those of US who have oftener seen seed time and harvest recur. THE GOOD or A COLLEGE IS IN TEIE FTTTRE The agricultural collegs is to make future farmers; the fair, the experiment station, and the institute are to bring the present cultivators of the soil to better methods, which of itself will start the future fanner half wtfy to the goal. The immediate beneficiaries of the college are necessarily limited, and it requires much money and long time to develop fruit; the others require less money, give immediate results, and reach the mass of the farmers. The collegiate teaching of agriculture is at best but in an experimental state; no school that I am aware of yet met with unqualified success. Some systems that have been tried are acknowledged failures; all have met with adverse criticism. The college at Columbia has been modelled upon the idea of giving the pupil the highest training in agricultural science, combined with the advantages of a liberal education, which, by reason of the connection with the University, with its large and able corps of professors already employed, can be given without appreciable additional 1' /?A1\/VA1 AA*%iAmT\lnfon s\ OUUtty. J.UJH OUUUL'l wuicmputtsg uu manual instructions in the ordinary and simple process of husbandry. The arts of ploughing, hoeing, reaping and mowing are left to be acquired elsewhere: but most thorough practical instruction is provided to be given in machine and shop work. Labor-saving machines are absolutely essential to progress in our agriculture. The abundance of land in proportion to labor, and the impatience of the American Anglo-Saxon at mere drudgery?the hewing of wood and drawing of water?have both compelled the use of these machines and wonderfully developed them. They are often costlv and complicated in structure, while with careful management the wear and tear upon their use is generally estimated at 20 per cent annually. It will be seen, therefore, how necessary to the farmer is not only a knowlede of the principles of mechanics, but the ability himself to keep in order and repair the machines he uses. T-.* lian l-.ac.ri coi/l r\f ftnllAtriftf'A XU r? uau um mwm V education it is not intended to iadicate that it should be omitted from our scheme for agricultural advancement. It has been placed there by the consent of the most enlightened opinion among the farmers o! the State. My own judgment is emphatically in favor of a high grai]^ college as a part of our system^*^6 purpose in what has been ss^"*" peen to present its trn^ni^Wp^0 exhibit, possibilities, j \-?^ removed to different j iotWtti-^ii^j'and an organization upon a different plan. THE FUTURE FARMER. I have spoken of the future farmer. Who will he be? Whence will he come? Undoubtedly, as in the past, many will be men who, reared to other pursuits, have afterward embraced agriculture. These bring to the calling the acquirements of a general education with the business habits learned elsewhere, and sometimes like Mechi, of England, Dickson, of Georgia, and others, go to the front in their adopted vocation. The all-round man has before this beaten the specialist, and may do it again. Eut from the youth of the country, which will be our successors on the farm? Not exclusively the farmers' sons. We have no institution of caste confining the son to the father's pursuits. The farmer's son is free to follow his bent whither it it leads and to the extent his abilities permit. Webster, Calhoun, Clay, indrow Jacksoii, were the &an*-o? -email farmers. Washington, Jefferson and indeed a majority of those who have illustrated American history imbibed their patriotism and acquired their hardy virtues in a boyhood on the farm. But from the necessity of things, the great majority of those who succeed us will be those whose fathers have been tillers of the soil. Among these Till be some whose expectations permit them to look forward at the outset to the employment of labor on a scale admitting of these being personally more advantageously occupied in its direction. To this class and those who without sufficient capital desire to become directors of labor, as stewards under capital. The remainder and by far the greater number expect to at least begin their career as small farmers, working with their own hands, and employing labor not beyond the extent which admits of their carrying the foremost row. The first class may reap the advantages offered by the college in its scientific and technical course, combined with practical instruction at and in connection with the experimental farm. To the second class these advantages are almost as unattainable aa if they did not exist. Circumstances imperiously control them, and if a boy, restive under his surroundings and with exceptional force of character, breaks through the meshes that involve him and reaches the college, it is oftenest for the benefit of the general education incidentally to be obtained, and the farm sees him no more. To the great majority of the future farmers there lemains then to specially qualify them for their pursuit and apprenticeship upon the farm, with the information derived at fairs, at the in- j stitutes, and from the bulletins of the experimental stations. The public com- i mon schools are at their door. Why not introduce by law into these schools an elementary course upon agriculture? It seems to me that progress lies here. These schools reach the mass of the people. In them the sons of the laboring farmer, whose children must aid his toil, can alone, with rare exceptions, attain the rudiments of a liberal * 11 education, iiaa some Huiemmu m technical instruction in their destined calling, and thus meet the problem that presents itself of doing with limited resources the greatest good to the greatest number. STEERING CLEAR OF POLITICS. In the analysis attempted and the frank criticism permitted to myself in the discussion of existing legislation for the advancement of our agriculture, I have not alluded to ceitiin amendments to that legislation which are agitating the public mind. This is not the occasion to do so. There are occasions when it is proper, when this matter should and will be by all of us fully discussed, and whatever conclusion is then reached I sincerely trust will prove in the best interest of tne calling we have so much at heart. Farmers are citizens and best discharge the duties of citizensnip in watchful attention and close scrutiny of all legislation?much more of that which bears directly upon them as a class. But this agitation has drifted into that phase of politics in which the proposed amendments are made the shibboleth of office, and men are to be voted for or not, accordicg to the views they entertain. To this there is no special objection, and it may be the mode essential to ascertaining the popular will; but having assumed that phase it seems to me the discussion is not suitable here. It will be a sad day for the farmers' institutes when they are made the arena ?nor> lipOH WHICH tut) uu?;o-occa.oi \,<*u. his battle, however specious the pretexi that permits it. And no^, proud of our common call iDg, sympathizing with every hones effort in its behalf, and believing thp* *"r this we are moving in the right direc tion, I declare the first State Farmers , Institute opened, and pray God's bless , ing upon it. THE GREAT LEBEL KIFLK. The Moat Effective Weapon Yet Pat Into the Hands of DIeu. If all is true which is report? I in respect of the villainous virtues of1 the new Frenoh, or "Lebel rifle," others beside the members of the Peace Society will hope that the war between France and Germany may be iong delaved or forever postponed. The London Telegraph gives interesting accounts of experiments made upon the dead bodies of paupers, obtained for the purpose with this new weapon, by members of the French Acedemy of Medicine, who wished to ascertain the character of the wounds it was likely to inflict. The bodies were set up as targets at distances* vaty- j ing from 200 yards to a mile or more, j and the bullets went clear through the bone3 without making fractures. The wounds were described as being very dangerous and difficult to heal, for tha reason that the passages made by the bullets were exceedingly small and most impossible to trace. tflj The opinion of the medical experime^ tnlists was that injuries inflioted by tb& rifle at short range were so great as to-fce practically incurable. Possibly this nefc weapon for the destruction of human life which, it is said, emits no smoke aru| but little no noise when discharged, majk ultimately become a help to peace. Th& improvement of arms, both for land and water fighting, goes on at such a rapid' pace as to render it possible that ward may be decided after a while in a single contest, in which the major part of the army and navy of either side will be en" gaged. Soldiers or sailors may not ba-w the chance, of which Fallstaff,^failed himself, to ran away in order-^&t thej. might live to figlit anotof* 0*7* * ?? weapon of war may be^^&tructive as to make battlefields jxrfantaneous grave-^ yards for entire a^i?8* When that timt comes either ^"barbarism of war will cease, or^afs that begin with the rising 0f tb^^n eQ<* ^th go*11# down. kp, will be curious to learn what effect ese terribly destructive weapons are likely to have on the courage of meD. Few who go into battle do so in belief that they will fall; it is the habit of men" to think all mortal but themselves. It isIhat which induces them so readily to go into the hottest fight The chances of escaping death are always uppermost in the soldier's mind, but the improvement of weapons is not only reducing, Dnt actually destroying, all ohance of safety. After a while when war shall become an exact science, the' order to engage in a battle will be equivalent to each man receiving his instantaneous death war ram, witn me possiDiuues 01 escape I either lessened or wholly eliminated. There will be no heroic taking of risks;, there will be merely the destruction of life. If that time should come the services of the everlasting officer will be required only to enlist the would-be suioides, and his place will be almost universally token by the conscription officer, who will not look for volunteers. The "Lebal rifle," which th ) London Telegraph describes as a wondrous weapon and certain to do terrible work in the hands of the French soldiers, seems to suggest that the time j is rapidly advancing when all solders will be unwilling ones, pressedJ?y,??peL at tbe point of bayonets into War, wiih ilh citngBI^f^w^pons, wasY sufficiently murderous and inhuman, bat with its perfeoted weapons it will be but a means to slaughter, and whoever shoots first and oftenest will be sure to win. Good Manners. Never try to outshine, but to please. Never press a favor where it seems undesired. Never intrude ill-health, pains, losses or misfortunes. Never unavoidably wound the feelings of a human being. Ne?er talk or laugh aloud in public places or upon the street. Never forget that vulgarity has its origin in ignorance of selfishness. Never urge another to do anything against his desire unless you Bee danger before him. Do not ask another to do what you would not be glad to do under similar circumstances. Never omit to perform a act when it * n . ri_ i can Do aonewim any reasonaDie amount of exertion. Never needlessly wound the vanity of another or dilate unnecessarily upon disagreeable subjects. Do not make witticism at the expense of others which you would not wish to have made upon yonrselvelves. Remember that good manners are thoughts filled with kmdnees and refinement and then translated into behavior. Be not ostentatious in dress or deportment; nothing can be more vulgar. See that costumes fit the time and occasions. Be rude to none; rudeness harms not only the humble? t and poorest to whom it is direoted, but it injure3 the exhibitorr. Never treat superiors with servility or in f eriors with arrogance. Speak as kindly to a day laborer as to one occupying a high position. Always give precedence to elders, visitors and superiors. Offer them the best seat at the table, the best place by the fire and the first of everything. Go farther than mere form and see that they are comfortable and happy. The Tragedy on Salom River St. John, N. B., August 2!.?William Day, Frank Trafton and Hecry Phillipine have been arrested and taken to Andover jail, charged with the wilful murder of Susan L. Howes, the wife of Major C. F. Howe3, of Philadelphia, who was shot on the Salmon River Sunday morning. Day is about 30 years old, the other two are youths. Circumstantial evidence indicates strongly that these men are the murderers, particularly Trafton and Phillipine. The arrest was made in the Parish of Leerne before 6 o'clock Sunday night. People of Tobique turned out en masse and arrested the supposed murderers, holding them until the sheriff came. There is danger of lynching, as the people are infuriated. The husband of the murdered woman started for Boston this morning with the body. 2vothikg eql'alm it. Zalaha, Fla., June 2? 1887. N. E. Venable & Co.?I have been using B. B. B. in my family as a blood puriiier. Having never used any medicine to equal it. Respectfully, Mrs. R. M. Laws. MIKES A>\ OLD MA A YOCAG. [ Extract from a Letter.] 1 P. S.?I bought 3 bottles of your 1 Botanic Blocd Balm from my friend H. D. Ballard, at Cainpobello, S. C. I " have been using it three weeks. It ?p1 pears to give me new life and new ' strength. If there is anything that will make an old man voting it is B. B. B. I am willing to sell it. I can earnestly ' and honestly recommend Botanic Blood f Balm. *, An advance thinker is a man who thinks he knows it all. His thought of himself is in advance of the thoughts of other people on the same subject. . i i \ ' I TCKSJSEJJ M A WILD BULL. THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE PUT TO FLIGHT BY A TEXAN. The Police to the Reucue?Officer Cooney'8 Thrilling Experience?A Man Shot and a Woman Cllmba a Pole,^ (Philadelphia Times, Aug. 28.) A wild bull created a panic at Broad and Market streets early last evening and held possession of the field for nearly an hour. He tossed several citizens and policemen, and drove thousands of people who were crowding the streets nearly frantic with fear. The bull began his public career at Twenty-second and Chestnut streets, where hp himself from ft drove. He rushed down Chestnut street to Seventeenth. his momemtuna and his fury increasing at every step. Several people on the street had narrow escapes from being gored. Everybody tried to run into the storri?. Those who could not get into i into private doorways. The ft^ljtook little notice of' anybody until he tufed up Seventeenth street. M7s. Annie M. Turner, a colored woman, wixtfigvea .at 10 South Seventeenth street, wa3ju^t.coming out of a grocery store on ttictiatnttrl? "She wore a picturesque calico gi&fejfcK The bull seized her upon .his horns and Kf^edriher in the air. Heihen passed ,0s. <E&jpffic?r Leonard, wkflives on Sev'euted$ji>|toeet, belo^s&hestnut, carried > the into lie grocery store and washed the mu^irom her face and arms. After she recovered from her fright, it was >li?r;r\Erred that she was not much injured. "WSeDull rushed on to Market street. There he turned and ran down the street ? - * 3 l-l - I 1 _ I iu pur?un ui a reu uauic car, wuicu uaieiy eluded him. POLICEMEN, REVOLVERS AND MUSKETS. Officer Ralston, of the Fifteenth police district, was standing in front of the Broad street station. Crowds rushed by him in a panic. Looking toward the corner he saw a huge red bull tossing cobble stones into the air and rushing at every object that presented itself. He was at first undecided ' what to do Then he ran to thepolics station at Fifteenth and Filbert streets and asked for help. Sergeant Berers was at ( the station house. He is a man of action. 1 He immediately ordered out a squad of officers. Eight strong patrolmen drew ] their revolvers and rushed forth to encouu- J ter the wild son of the Texas prairies. 1 Four more secured some old muskets, 1 which had been packed away in the station ] house for a number of years, and followed. The bull was coming to meet them. He < reached FitUenth and Filbert streets just i as Officer Cooney, who was returning from , uis vacatiOD witn a vanse id nis nana, was ] crossing the street. Officer Cooney is a very stout little ti&j, but full of grit. He faced the bull and, exerting has whole force, hurled his valise at the animal's head. NO RESPECTER OP PERSONS The valise lodged on the bull's horns, and a shaving cup, a lot of celluloid collars and sevieral pairs of socks were spilled into the street. Officer Cooney saw that help was near, and turned to flee. Ju?t as he turned the bull and the valise struck him from behind and forced him to turn several complete somersaults. He lodged in the gutter and the bull prepared to gore him. But help was near. Shots from half a dozen revolvers rang out In the air. Oue of the shots struck the bull. Another -truck a young man, who was standing fc,ar, in the leg. The young man proved Chairman Thomas Y. Cooper, of the Republican State Committee. Some of the policemen diverted their attention from the Kiill nn/1 4V?inlrirt rw lift* \fi? TTTftO UUJLL auu, Luiumu^ iuab jixi* nao j dangerously wounded, carried him to the ? Medico-Chirurgical Hospital, at Fifteenth ? and Cherry streets. There the physicians t found that the bullet had not penetrated 1 much deeper than the skin. They sent Mr. j Cooper home. i A FIHRCE AND DOUBTFUL CONFLICT. i The officers returned to the combat. They J found a fierce and doubtful conflict raging, i with no indications of victory on either side. 1 Many of the officers having exhausted the'r i ammunition had icturned to the station \ house for a new supply. Those who had ( armed themselves with the old muskets f found that the weapons were not loaded. . A man ran out of a cigar store with a rifle, j He presented the rifle to the bull's head. The rifle would not go off and the man was J overturned. He crawled back into the cigar store, when the proprietor shut and * bolted the door. There were thousands of people on the streets. Those who dared < not trust themselves to their running power 3 sought refugo in the stores, saloons and 1 restaurants which are numerous iu the 1 neighborhood. As soon as a store was full < thedoor was locked. The restaurants and saloons did a rushing business, for most of the refugees who had been locked in required restoratives. A WOMAN CLIMBS A POLE. Outside the bull was raging about the streets, charging upon the officers, the street cars and numerous flying petticoats. At the corner of Fifteenth and Filbert streets a woman climbcd a telegraph pole. While rushing past the station house the bull charged the red-painted lamp-post and nearly knocked his bruins out. Special Officer Early, who had secured an old flintlock pistol at Carver "W. Reed's pawn shop, attempted to shoot the bull while he was in this demoralized condition, but was quickly thrown down. Officer James went to Early's rescue aud pulled him into the station house.' Patrol Sergeant Orf, who had been to the Buffalo Bill show, pro- ] ruiaori tn l?Rsn t.hf> animal With this nh ject in view, the patrol wagon joined in the fight. Officer Kirk showed his supe- ( rior coolness by shooting at the bull and . then dodging behind the patrol wagon. ! BROUGHT DOWJi AT LAST. When the bull reached Fifteenth and 1 Market streets he was in a rocky condition. The police and one or two armed citizens had fired a hundred shots at him, and twenty-five of them had taken effect in his body. At the corner the bull fell to his knees and virtually gave up the fight. Officer Jackson, who had outstripped the other combatants, put a bullet into the bull's eye. He cried triumphatly, as the animal kicked his last, "I kilt him!" and there was general rejoicing. 'The news of the victory spread and thousands poured loruu irom iiiiigu young amies auu utuci places of shelter and exultingly surrounded the fallen foe. Many of them limped and had dirt on their clothes. The dead bull was dragged into the Pennsylvania freight depot, where an officer, who had not taken part in the fight, stood guard over him. The police do not think that the owner will appear to claim the carcass. The first telegraph office was opened in Washington, in 1845; and the receipts from April 1 to 4, inclusive, were one cent. On April 5 the receipts rose to twelve and onehalf cents, and on the 6th and 7th fell off to nothing. April 8 the office took in $1.32, ana on April 9, $1.04. The glory of youth is hope; the glory of old age is memory. Postal cards are printed on a machine, which strikes them off a roll of paper, and turns them out in packages of tweuty-fire, with paper bands attached ready for delivery. One man can tend two machines. Wheover would live his life over again that he might live a better life would do well to remember that he would do no better than he is now doing. If you waut to begin over again begin now, and don't thiuk to order a new cradle and begin being a baby over again. If you want to disprove the adage that figures won't lie, just go to any summer resort and see them lying?in hammocks. Uneasily lies the tongue that hasn't the m tvy Aba The Evidences of The Trouble?How It Mny Be Treated. The last monthly report of the State Department of Agriculture contains the following communication addressed to Commissioner A. P. Butler: Dear Sir: The infested cotton plants sent you by Mr. P. S. Brooks and Mr. G. W. Hill, Fish Dam, S. C., and forwarded by you to me, was received. The disease is that commonly known in some places as "red rust." It is not a true rust, but a diseased condition of the plant, caused by ahe attacks of a mite. This mite is probably the same species which is sometimes very troublesome to house plants, and is known as the "red spider" (Tetranchu* tetanus). The mite ? 'V -i / it. 1 WorKS upon ine unaer tuue 01 me leave , where it bites into and sucks out the juice of the leaves. It attacks the tender and growing leaves. There are special parte of the l^af where it begins its operations. These places are between the larger ribs of tli&, leaf, near the petiole, or near theri?^ vjeaf where a fold occurs. The'nbi?$^|^ folds of the leaf probably-afford thence some protection. The early stages "Sixths dieease may be detected by an in insftS: tion of the upper surface of the leaf. It"' It is at first characterized by clusters of minute white spots. "Where a few white spots are distributed over the leaf they are usually due to some other cause. Soon the affected plac. 8 assume a reddish cast, due to some abnormal physiological action following injuries produced by the mite. On the under side of the leaf pale and blistered blotches first appear. As the juices are extracted the leaf dries and shrinks in spots and presents a scurvy appearance. This effect is heightened by minute white threads which the mite spins irregularly over the under surface of the leaf, and by the numbers of mites themselves, whioh can be scarcely distinguished by the unaided eye. Another physiological effect upon the plant seems to be to hasten a premature condition of the young bolls and the affected leaves, causing them to fall away. In some cases the crop is damaged tiiirfcy per cent. Tlie mites multiply with great rapidity. In four or five days from the time eggs are laid the young mites from these eggs are ready themselves to deposit eggs for the next generation. The so-called "red rust" of cotton, or "cotton rust," was formerly supposed to be caused by the growth of a parastic plant within the tissues of the cotton leaf. Last year, at Chapel Hill, N. C., [ proved by a number experiments that ao fungus is concerned in the production Df the disease, but that it is produced solely by the action of this mite. I also successfully conducted experiments to > leetroy the mite. I used the common serosene emulsion, diluted with a solution of sulpho-tobacco soap, so that there ras only one part kerosene oil to thirty , Af rpu;ct TTma tmfU JCkl LO U1 WOW3A, AUU3 ? B^JLCkJ OU VT1UU i force pump on the under side of the eaves, The emulsion kills the mite by soming in contact with its body. It 1 loes not kill all of the eggs, however, 1 md a second application should be made j vithin three days to kill the young mites arhich hatch from these eggs before they ihemselvee begin to lav eggs. The ' gmmroa Keroseneenafawaiimnir ..in: iu_ J f great care is used in making and ap- j plying it. All causes of injury to the ] plants for application of kerosene emul- j tion comes from a failure to follow closely ] iirections. A very strong soapsuds ought j x> kill them if properly applied, but I < lave never used it in the case of this 1 particular insect. The kerosene emulsion * a one of the beat and cheapest of insect- * cides, It is made as follows: Boil one ' pound common soap in one gallon of yater. Add while boiling hot two gal- 1 ons of kerosene oil. Churn up this mix;nre with force pump and spray nozzle "or ten or fifteen minutes until a perfect ( mini si on is form fid. and the lianid will idhere without oiliness to the surface of : jlass. If a force pump is not at hand, ;he mixture may emulsified by "whipping" it with a bunch of twigs, as was lone last year by one of my corresponlents, Major E. S. Tucker, of Raleigh, rhe mixture now formed should be liluted by adding to one part of the nixture nine parts of cold water. This irould make 30 gallons of the insecticide :rom two gallons of the oil. In the case )f this mite the liquid should be thrown n quite a forcible upward spray upon ;he under side of the leaves. 1 or this ; some kind of force pump is necessary. ! Perhaps the best apparatus which could , oe easily gotten and put speedily in oper- ' ition for this year would be some kind j Hydronette, holding several gallons? , Dne that could be strapped to the back. , [ understand that Cameron & Barkley, | Df Charleston, cau furnijh these. A ( workman co.dd easily attach a hote so i is to throw the spray on tue under side , oi the leaves. The disease usually ap- i pears in spots in the field, and if taken tn time the mites might be subdued with i this hand apparatus. Ev.ry large cotton : planter should have some machine constructed to underapray several rows at a time, but it would probably take too long to get such a machine in readiness for this season. ?f patience and faithfulness, both in observation and treatment are observed, there is no reason why the evil effects of this mite should not be entirely prevented. Very truly yonrs, Geo. F. Atkinson. S. G. University. A WAR SECKET REVEALED. How Grant Obtained his Knowledge of tbe Movements of Pemberton'? Army. Prof. Jos. T. Derry contributes the - " f - 1 - 11. - L.JJI. .J. lonowing in reierence to me uaiuo at Baker's Creek, and which wiJl probably explain why the Confederate army un?ier General Pemberton was defeated: On page 545 of volume 111 of the Century Company's great book, "Battles and leaders "of the Civil War," I find something which will perhaps be new to many of our readers. It is headed, "Correspondence between General Pemberton and Generals Grant and Blair." The following is General Pemberton's letter: "Wabrenton, Fauquieb, Va., January 30, 1874.?His Exoelleney, U. Grant, President of the United States? Sir: A statement of some historio significance and of considerable interest to me personally, has lately come to my notice in a way that induce? me to address jou as the single individual competent to confirm or refute it. I am aware that I have no claim to special consideration; should you, however, deem it not improper to respond to my inquiry, I shall feel myself indebted to your kindness. The statement I refer to was from a general officer of the army of the Tennessee and was in the words following: " 4It was generally understood in our army that General Johnston's courier, conveying dispatches to you previous to the battle of Baker's Creek or Champion Hills, betrayed his dispatches to General Grant, and also your answers to General Johnston's orders. I do not ? these loots, bat the matter was spoken of by the officers of our army in such a way as to leave no doubt in my mind.'" "Permit me to add that this information has tended to confirm my own suspicion, excited at the time by the (otherwise) inexplicable delay in the receipt of General Johnston's dispatch of the 14th of May, which, as you, sir, are probably aware, was not handed to me until after 5 p. m. on the 16th, when my army was in full retreat My inquiry is confined simply to two points: first, the truth (or reverse) of the facts discussed by the officers of the Army of the Tennessee; second, the correctness (or the reverse) of my surmises as to the dispatch of the 14th above referred to. I am, sir, most respectfully your obedi ent servant, J. 0. Pembebton. General Grant's reply is as follows: "Executive Mansion, Washington, January 31,187 L?General J. C. Pemberton, Warren ten, Virginia?General: Your letter of yesterday was duly received this morning, and the President authorized me to say^hat the statement of the officer to which you refer correct, and heJfrTr^t, you are r^Sfrto"your surmises in regard to the 2elay in receipt of your dispatch. He says the dispatches were brought in our lines and given to General MePherson and by him immediately brought to headquarters. I have the honor to remain, sir, your obedient servant, Levi P. Lucky, Secretary." On the 19th of January, 1874, General Pemberton addressed a letter, substantially to the same effeot, to General Frank P. Blair, whose reply corroborates General Grant's statement We giva General Blair's letter also: "St. Louis, January 24, 1874.?General J. C. Pemberton, Farquier county, Va.?Dear General: I take pleasure, in answer to your letter of the 19th of January, in saying that it was generally understood in our army that General Johnston's courier, carrying dispatches to you previous to the battle of Baker's Greek or Champion Hills, betrayed his dispatches to General Grant, and also your answers to General Johnston's orders, so that,"- in fact, General Grant had the most precise information as to your movements and those of General Johnston. I do not know positively from General Grant these facts, bat the matter was spoken of by the officers of our army in such a way as to leave no doubt in my mind. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Frank P. Blair." Thinking that the correspondence hero given might interest those who are cot yet tired of war incidents, I send it to yon, to make any nee of yon may deem proper. Joseph T. 2>zsbz. A ROMANTIC WEDDING. f } The Bride Was One of the: Victim* othe Railroad Disaster at Shohola. Port Jervis, August 23.?A wedcUng occurred at the Delaware House, in this town, on Sunday night, under peculiarly interesting and romantic circumstances, the bride being one of the victims c.i the late terrible railroad disaster near Sho iola. Among the passengers on board of the first 2av coach vof the Chicago express train. WHILE, nam UUl! UI tilt! Uifl'S that TutUIfc 1118 " fearful plunge down an eighty foot embankment in pitch darkness ana storm to the brink of the Delaware River, was Miss Sanmih Yeasly, a handsome and intelligent young English girl from Congleton, Cheshire, where her father is engaged in business as a w< olen merchant, bhe had uuicu iruui uivcipwi aiuuc uu ind landed in New York just in time to iatch the fatal train. Her destiny was Kansa? City, where her old country lover md playmate awaited her coming, when She pair were to be united in wedlock. Cyrus Arthur Slater, a printer by trade, md the lover in question, came to this country five years ago, and, having made 3 ae provision for bis sweeiheart, sent for ber to join him. By the advice of ber parents, and in order to avoid annoyances to which a young single woman might be subjected, sbe took the name of her betrothed and traveled as Mrs/Cyrus Slater, under which designation she appears in the List of casualties published as one of those iangerously injured. The telegram sent to her lover, informing him of the misfortune that bad overtaken his expectant bride, brought him to this town by the quickest train, which reached here Saturday. He found her suffering from severe body bruises and 3calp wounds, and ber pretty face somewhat disfigured by cruel lacerations, but she is in a fair way to recover her health, if not all of her former beauty. The meeting between the two lovers under such circumstances was naturally an affecting one, and resulted in an agreement to be married at once. Accordingly, on Sunday evening, the Rev. Calvin S. Hare, a BaptTTQO AO Tloil in tHo fo?fKfn1 I OlOL Luau, naa voik.'j aw, i.iiv &uiv4??ui ^room took his place by the bedside of the iavalid bride, and the pair were united in wedlock amid the hearty congratulations and good wishes of the little group of sympathizing strangers who were permitted to witness the ceremony. A Marital Mixture. A matronly-looking German woman, a rosy-cheeked German lass of 16 and a blueeyed German youth formed an interesting group in the marriage license office yesterday. The youth blushed when hegavethe name of Joseph Durr and said he wanted the license to marry the buxom lass, whose name was Catharine Durr. "Hows rnai?you re ooiq me same name?" asked Clerk Nichols. "Ob," said the matron, "this is my daughter. I was a widow when I married this young man s father." Clerk Nichols gave the necessary papers, but signed as he figured out the numerous family complications liable to ensue from the marriage. The groom's step-mother will be his mother in-law and his father will be his step-father in-law. He will be the husband of his step sister, whose mother will be her step-mother-in-law. The couple will be the step-uncle and step-aunt of their own children and the children will not only be brothers and sisters, but slepcousios-to each other. The bride will be 1 rt lflflrr tVvo uci 'mu aicp-ojoLci-iu iart ctuu i.u<& ^iwui his own ste]>brother-in law. Clerk Nichols got no further in his meditations, but gave it up with a groan.? Pniladelphia Times, 24ih. Destruction in Delaware. Wilmington, Del., Au ust 21.?A cyclone passed across the State from the southwest to the northeast this afternoon about she miles below this city, calling a path ;.bout two hundred feet in width, leveling fences, orchards and outbuildings, and doing damage estimated at $150,000. So far as known, but one person was killed, Thos. Bruce, s blacksmith, at Hare's Corner, whose shop was destroyed. Sev-1 eral other persons were dangerously and many badly injured. In this city the Neblow Bros, iron work* were wrecked in an instant. Huge timbers were tossed about as though they had been straws; and bricks were strewn for rod;around. Delegates and others alt3nding the Democratic State Convention will find the Williams House in all respects an agreeable stopping place. It is centralh located on the comer of Plain and Sumter streets. to It Is a Joy Beyond Compare and No Monarch Can Baoial i It. I wear a bristle, says ** Maud" in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat and I believe in it- I wear a large bostre, and I am proud of it. I wear a steel-nibbed, brassriveted, burglar and fire pjroof bustle, and I hold that it is a joy |l>pyond compare. \ * I have tried al>^varieties U>f bustles? the large and small, the rotfind and flat, the soft and the substantial. My 6x^ perience makes me friendmto the large bustles, and the stronger t&ey are the better I like them. The oifly bustle I detest is the four cyiinaeredj anair nuea with spiral wires that looks flike a qaad* raplex file hose. The cylinders are worn vertically, and it you are nott careful in sitting down whsn youhave que of these v flxture&onyg^^lia^^^^^to^^ ^^her di^ike^for the bustle from . ^fearing the cylinder-shaped arrange- ment If so I cannot blame her mncH for wanting to see the bustle banished. But if she ever wore one of those handsome steel-wired concerns that resemble a cross between a baseball catcher's maok and a moss basket, shaped like a ha'fwatermelon and full proportion as the round moon, how different she would feel aboat it! There is a charm about a bustle of this kind that makes my ]>en thrill ecstatio delight as I write you about it. I want to poetize on the subject. Bhapeody is crowding down the ends of my fingers and my hand fairly glows with the warm pleasure of the work of praising it; bat pshaw! you are a man, and perhaps yon are an old baohleor to boot, and you wouldn't understand my womanly joy if I tried to express it in flowiig words. Ton might tell me that the only bustle you ever heard anything about was the celluloid bustle, which explodes, or takes fire, or throws a railroad train off the track, or commits a doable murder, or finds a hidden treasure, or barsts ap a happy home, whenever your newspaper needs a really good item, .and yoa would laugh and perhaps hand %is communication to the Snake editor with instructions for him to feed it to the pet cobra di capella which yen keep aroard the office. 1 do not think that yoa could really and truly appreciate the sincerity of my sentiment and gage the depth? cf emotions in this matter, and therefore, I n ./vi. AT i_ i 4.1 _ ytui. uui biuu uij ui.uugu.iB iuoo? Liuflbur ward, bat will ocntent myself .with remarking that Mrs. C eveland can make a fool of herself if she will, and rob her figure of the graceful contour which the prominent tournure she wore in St. Louis gave it, if she so desires, but the undersigned will still continue to have a weakness for large bustles, and any movement in the direction of perpetuating ?md immortalizing the shape improvers will always meet with ready and cordial encouragement from this huckle- \ berry. I toave heard men say time and again that they wonder hew women manage to ait down when they iiave a bustle. They do not wondar at xiy such thing. They simply speak a lit LI? fib when they say so. that's all, for isr anv harder for u wwiimi waJii uu u> mi uuwji ~ than it is for a man with a pint flask of cholera mixture wi k!s coat toil pocket to do it. All he's gci; to do is to be a little careful, of course, asd that's all a woman with a bustle on has go-l to do. The secret of it is thw: When a bnstledecked woman site down, she does so eddewise. There is a pretty little trick in it. She pretends she is going to sit on the right side of the chair and makes her first movement in thatdirection, but just as she reschea the chair she moves graoefnlly to the other side, the Vino+lo *n!1a tn +V?o ontiwiW nnt nf the way of the sitter, and the problem is solved. Put on a bustle, Mr. Editor, and try it. You may not succeed the first time, but after awhile you will accomplish the task successfully, and then you will see that the bustle is not so gigantic an inconvenience as some people try to make it out to be. They may talk as much as they like about banishing it, but they can never make it a complete and absolute exile from home. It will linger in our midst ia one form or other, and if they do away with the wire and wicker basket and the stuffed pillow there will still be left the old standby, the convenient newspaper, which can be folded into perceptible package and doubled over a piece of string and fastened in the tournure so nicely and effectively that it will not only answer the purposes of the best bustle ever made, but it will also serve to keep green the memory of the round and symmetrical creations in metal and other materials which adorned lovely women in the eighties of the nineteenth century. KILLED BY FALLING WALLS. Eighteen Persons Killed and a Large Somber Injured at the Burning of a Will In Neenah, Wis. Milwaukee, Wis., August 28.?A special from Neenah, Wis., says: At 11.80 o'clock laut night a large paper mill, owned by George A. Whiting, situated on an island between this city and Mehashaw, was destroyed l?y fire. While the burning structure was surrounded by a crowd of spectators the battery of boilers exploded and the walls were thrown outward, sending a shower of bricks and timbers among the spectators. Eighteen persons were killed, seven fatally Injured and a number seriously hurt, several of whom will die. The mill was a three-story structure, built four years ago at a cost of $100,000, and was operated day and night. When the flames broke out about fifty men were in the building. The fire alarm brought ~ ?.1 J WAArvIn /V ik/v ftWAf j 3CYCHU UUUUlCU pcupio W tuc opv/o, nuv crowded as close to the burning building as the intense heat would permit About 1.30 o'clock, while the building was a mass of dames, the explosion occurred without j warning. The roof of the building was thrown upward and outward. The walls of brick crumbled and crashed into the street, and in an instant scores of men were buried by the heavy debris. There was a moment of silence, then a <%ry of horror went up from the midtitude. The first strong impulse to fly from possible further danger was soon overcome, and hundreds began the work of recovering the bodies of the dead and rescuing the wounded. Body after body was found crushed and mangled by the great timbers almost beyond recognition and removed to the city tiall. The injured were carried to neighboring residences, or to their homes as soon as their identity was established. The loss on the building is $100,000, insurance $52,000. * When the base ball bat goes into the hair 1't is time tor me coroner to Utfce tne umpire's place. There never was a horse trade in which iach principal didn't firmly decUre that he nad got the best of the other fellow; and it sometimes happens that both p&ities have been swindled. Man is in his best condition for labor when he is fresh from rest, but the wa*o'n wheel is in its best condition when it is tired. Hard to beat?A boy you can't catch,