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4i 8 i - .. l.agggSggg 11 .I11 U,"l Ill IMBglBM&MI IBIIIIM WI IBL. JkwJU. II?Bg3S, ' I . ... 1 '- W I - _ ^ ^ - ?>-* * M I I -.-r-g? ;.-L II , - VOL. XLIII, ' W1NNSB0R0, S..C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12, 1887. NO. 24, aBMBgB I IIW'I I Willi ? ?g? ?? lg???? ?pann?agM^-?? ?f lurwii' i jTrtr-rar. p A LETTER FKO.M CAPT. TILLMAN. f He Gives IIi- Views on Certnln Tiling*; . Done I>y the Legislature at tiac Recent Session. To the Editor of the X(-vvh auu Courier: Your editorial in the Tlie and . I Courier of December 'J4, htaot-d "The . v same Old Trouble," is in tlie m-.in just; and appropriate, but at the same time it, is misleading. For instance, speaking 1 of the bills emanating from tlie Farmers'. Convention, and which have l>een either postponed, amended out of all shape or slaughtered outright in the Senate, you ; 1$ say: "Who is responsible we need not say. I The Senators will be prepared, of course, ; to explain their action to their con- | stitueats when the proper time comes, j and they will doubtless be given the op-,! port unity. But whatever their reason, j good or bad, the fact remains that the i quarrel of the farmers, if the have any, j is with their own representatives. Tiie ! ( non-agricultural member^ of the General i Assembly have been willing and ready, j as they have abundantly shown, to grant j every request and adopt every plan j fumiors shnnld siyTee MMOll ioT i WUULVJdl vav ? 0 _ the advancement of their peculiar interest, and to give to them the control o? their j>eculiar affairs. The failure is chargeable to the men -whom they have selected and el*, ck-d to carry out their plans, and the settlement must be had i r with those who are responsible for the j failure." You may rest assured that they -will! be "given the opportunity to explain" [ and that "settlement will be had" with j some of them when again the farmers j get a chance. If the "farmers' move- j meat," which has created such a stir j among the people, is really a demand of ! the masses for reform and the correc-1 tion of abuses, and an expression of a; desire to see oar rights as farmers re- j spected, it will continue to grow and j spread, rather than dwindle and die, and I will have much to do with shaping the I o-n/3 T*r?Ktri/"s nf this State. ! lUtUXC JL/VAU.V/J ttAiv.*. But let that be as it m:y. 1 only set j out to show you that, waile correct as to the House, your editorial is calculated to j mislead when you say the farmers in the | Senate are alone to blame. And in order to make this clear I will' show the complexion of our present Sen ; ate as regards occupation. It is com-; , posed as follows: Lawyers ... - 15 j Partners 12 j Doctors S| Preachers Editors and printers - r '2 j Merchants j l j Total 1 85 j ?of whom 20 are new Senuto.N and 15 j are old ones, two of the new jnes serv-1 ^ ing unexpired term.-. ^ Now, the b:li ot uti others in \?hieh j ^ the fanners we'c u?i>st deeply ^ii&rebteif, J and which they deaiivd io iia-e passed i most was that enlarging woard oi j agriculture ana reorgauiz.;ii? in* tural department. ihi?> tu postponed, by a vote of 21 to 14 on the tiimsy pretext, us voio* d by jje^aSor : Youmans, that they ''wanted li.-re time to investigate this. iatowitant jiiiaiu*r.": The April Convention had deui^obd :r. i The November Convention hau-icaiajud- : edit. The matter has hewn t: c?. discussed jor_ a year or mo^:a ti^e I press, and charges of extra\j ^uiivx; auxi j of incompetence, or neglect of duty on . the part of the Doard, proven. .But ihcse ! Senatorial lawmakers alone nttdvd j "more time to investigate." Well, we > hope they will improve the two years j eleven of them have got before the next j election to study the matter ami be pre-; pared to give good reasons for tiieir i votes when asked. If, indeed, your re-1 porter be correct in saying the "Agn-j * cultural Senators were influenced by a determination not to submit to Tillman dictation," it will be a pitiful excuse for having refused to comply with the wishes of the farmers of the State; and an acknowledgment of having allowed personal motives to govern their action ^ rather than a desire to legislate fur the public good. No member of the Gen\ eral Assembly, either benator or Eepre* sentative, can truthfully say that I was either obtrusive or dictatorial in pie; senting to them the measur es asked by the two Farmers' Conventions, and it wi.'l be left to the farmers ail over the Suite ^ ' to resent in a proper way the imputation | that Tillman alone constitutes the r "Farmers' move sent." VU/%. nrr-r.*/?vi If rival TP J X>Utt 11 UU.O iVLUWUXWi sented "Tillman dictation," what influenced the other Senators? I will now proceed to show that the farmers in the Senate are not alone to blame for deferring this t>ili. My old friends, the lawyers, took advantage of the fui'i kicked up by Messrs. Youmans and S Wofford to plant a sly dagger in Tillman's side and slap their agricultural constituents who have joined the farmers' movement in the face. This is J shown by the vote, as follows: For Postpovewie.it. Occupation. Messrs. Bell Farmer. Biemann Mer'nt & hotelkeeper. Black Doctor. Byrd Doctor. rErwin Farmer. Hemphill Lawyer. Howell Lawyer. Izlar Lawyer. ^ Kennedy Lawyer. McMaster Lawyer. | Moore Lawyer. Munro Lawyer. T>.> X ,< > | x atiuovu j v*. I Khame Lawyer. B .Reynolds Lawyer. Y Smith Farmer. Smythe Lawyer. Wingard Farmer. W i fiord Former. Williams Pi eacher. Youmaus Mer'm and farmer. ?total 21, of wh >m ehwn are lawyers, six are farmers, two art- doctors, one is n preacher and one is a m? recant. This looks very much hkr: the "oil } garchy of lawyer.-,'' oi\ v.horn [ havs spoken so often heretofore, did it? It "W looks very much like iht> noa-agricuitural members of the Senate, at ah events, are willing to s-iiner at and ypr / upon farmers' efforts to obtain "control of our peculiar al:'air>." 1: iiirm er Senators controlled tlio iiiteeu noi;agricultural Senators in tht;ir aetiov. v is the iirst instance on record of u:? agrijr' cultural tail wagging the legal dug. i> : the farmers whose voted sent tiie-e invito the Senate have any self-reject; ii they have any manhood and a proper sense of resentment: if they are not the dogs they are niken fur, they wili, when the time comes, see to it that the men who thus contemptuously put tnis indignity upon them are properly rewardy~ ed. ?t we cannot reorganize the agricultural department, we can reorganize the Senate. The farmers of the State are fast sinking to the level of serfs? hewers of wood and drawers of water for others. An efficient and representative board of agriculture, together with an agricultural college to act as a pioneer in 11^ * oi^Aix yi lamming we are compelled to pursue ere -vre caii ^ expect any change for the better, could Wm ~ j]o much to aid and assist thorn to re?*? -- V cover their lost prosperity. But these | pix agricultural Solon s and their fi.teen ; professional associates say to them in j eiTL-ct: "You don't knew what you want. j V?"o will continue to tax you to support a j de:-arta:c::t ot agriculture which yo:i do j not ff.ei i.s beneficial to your interests as : novv conducted, because we like it. We j will voie your nif>uey to support the ; South Carolina College and Citadel be-; cause we think those s-chools are a 1 we j need; but your Agricultural College is a ; iiarubug. V>* know it. 'Wisdom will die with tis.' So we will not even spend T.'nr mvn ro/ir-,..-e to Tr-Vfv.fit r':ft mat tt-r and let a commission report so we can act intelligently." it may be said the farmers iu tlie Senate were divided, as they were six for and six against the bill. .Then if the professional men in the Senate had j needed light as to the wishes of the j farmers of the Slate, if the actions of j two farmers' convention had r-o weight, j the almost unanimous vote by which the j bill passed the House, composed largely of farmers, should have made them hesitate to postpone it . But I have my own opinion as to how this thing was brought about. I visited Columbia three times during the recent session of the Legislature. I kept my eyes and ears open. I learned a great; deal that would be of value to '.he people if I had time to tell it, and I will, when occasion offers, let out some of the "true inwardness" of what I saw and learned. I could tell why and how the hopes of the people as regards reforms and reduction of expenditures, &c., resulted only in the cutting off of a beggarly thousand dollars?the Lieutenant Governor's salary. I could show that on oKhcd ic ?nr1 tft.lrpa rnnt VWVVi (Ui (??/UwV Aij WV4 W?>.vv ?W> in South Carolina it is harder than nut grass to get rid of. But just now I will only give my belief as to why the Senate postponed the bill to reorganize the agricultural department. Of course some of the Senators voted against it because of their resentment against "Tillman dictation," for Mr. Gonzales says so; some voted?t.vo at least?because they never vote against one of the Senators from Charleston, so I am told; others voted against it because I am credited with having had much to do with the slaughter of the Columbia Canal and the King wanted revenge, though, to tell the truth, I-am totally innocent in that matter. Some voted against it because farmers and. "farmers' movements," stink in their nostrils. But the real cause, tuongh _manv__Sfe.,i,!i<a^l do it perhaps, is that .the phosphate interests of the State are controlled by the department of agriculture, and the Coosaw .vlimng Compny is too well satisfied with the present management of that interest to allow a change if it could prevent it! Why a board of agriculture should have anvthins: to do with collecting mining royalty, farmers of ordinary intelligence cannot understand. "We do not see the connection between the two, but perhaps some of those who started this thing, and some of those who keep it up, can give us light. This board of ugrieulf uiv, which is liked so well, has spent >170,000 since its creation in 1880, and we would like some one to tcli us " hat beuelit it h;^s been to us fanners, cvlio : \ for it aione. Will some isenatcr, "agriiiid'uralist" or otherwise, answer? Or v. ill >ome member of the board tell u?? D. B. Tji.t.vi^y.? iloper's, S. C., -January 1, 1887. AN JELL U. A Connecticut Coachman Elopes With His Employer's D:iJi~hter. The village of Bedding, Conn., is greatly excited over the elopement of \Ii?? Hill, dunfrliter of the most prominent and wealthy citizcn of the place, with her father's coachman, Frederick Hicks. Hicks is twenty-seven years old and is said to be a very disagreeable looking young fellow. It appears that Hicks had been in the employ of Mi*. Hill for about ten months during which time Miss Hiil fell, despe^-q atelv in love with him. The young lady, who is accomplished in every - way, of faultless form and very beautiful, was not only the belle of the village, but of all the neighboring towns. .She taught a cltiss in Sunday school in her father's church and had many admirers. Some months ago the conduct of Miss Hill and the coachman caused much village gossip and it finally reached the father's ears. He was highly indignant and threatened to kick his coachman from, his premises. But Miss Eunice begged' him not to, as it would create a sensation, and she finally -succeeded in having the servant retained. Becently Hicks'sconduct toward Miss Hill was so objectionable that the girl's father said he JJlUbir ?U. Tiie coachman secured a situation in a liver}- stable, but kept up a cominunicaI tion with Miss Hill. Last "week lie ciiine to Mr. Hill's residence and begged that i gentleman to take Mm back into Ms service. This Mr. Hill refused to do. While the two men were in conversation Miss Eunice quietly stole out of the house and got into her lover's carriage, as per arrangement. The couple drove at once to Brewster's, a neighboring village, where they were married without delay. The father of the girl is greatly enraged over the all'air. A Fearful Kailroau Accident. A dreadful accident occurred near Tiliin, Ohio, at lour o'clock on Tuesday | morning. The fast train on the Baltimore and Ohio Kail road, which leit New York about 9 o'ciock Monday for Chicago, with five coaches aDd four sleepers, all well filled with passengers, ..,>11^,1^/1 !> ;> ]-> or> rvmnri frpirifr. | WUiUVU Vl^UXX ftM SAWWVAM vvvu<v* i tram. ; The fast train was about- lifty minutes Lite and vas running at the rate of sixty miles an hour. Passing Kepublic, a small stat.on, like a Hash, it rushed aiony to a curve one mile west of that town, when suddenly the engineer saw t-he freight tr:.m imder fail headway within one hunt;red yards oi nini. He at once applied the brakes and reversed the enyiae, but it did no good, and the next iListaiit the cr?iah cuxne, telescoping the coaelies a ad piling them up on eacii other. 'J'o u,id consternation to the horrible s>cene lire broke out in the -onuKUig far and boon spread to the other cans M -a* were killed outright, while others, ??edged in among the broken ! curs, wero slowly consumed by the | xitmes. me accident '.vcs due to a niisunder-tanumg t i tram orders. Auotiier statement is ILat tne engineer of the freigm train ftus jsauK. me wiuue iiiuuoer ui i?asseajj<rrj was Co. Tue number of kiiieu '.v^> _'J, \v:cii muuy wounded. Another umiamoth cave" is reporte- ., this time in .Missouri. The first exploration was only a partial one, but took in several ch-unbers and was prosecuted for a distance of a quarter of a mile, and still other chambers and labyrinths of passages lay beyond in several directions. I'iie scenery is reported to be indesrib ably beautiful, the abundant stalactites and staglaimtes assuming all sorts of fantastic shapes. "The Lost Ciiord"?The wood misseu ] from your pil?- oTeroijjhr. INDUSTRY OF THE SOUTH. The Marveilo'j'i Progress of the Year 1 1886?Tt Surpasses any Year, Even ol" the* j Lust Wonderful Decsdc. In its annua! review oi the industrial i progress of tLo South, the Baltimore j .Manufacturers' Becord says that 1836 was the most remarkable year in many respects in the history of the Southern States, and more accomplished for the prosperity and progress of the whole South than ever In-fore in any year. This is shown in the enormoas invest merits of capital in industrial enterprises anu ir the growth of confidence among Northern and European investors in the stability of the Smith's irun and other manufacturing interests. The amount of capital, including the capital stock of incorporated companies, represented by new manufacturing and mining enterprises organized or char terea at the South daring 1830, including the enlargement of old plants and the rebuilding of mills, aggregates $129,226,000, 80(3,812,000 in 1885, divided among States, as follows: States. 1886. 3885. Alabama $ 19,848,000 $ 7,841,000 Arkansas 1,524,000 3,220,000 Florida 1,659,000 2',019,000 Georgia 3.599,000 2.000,000 Kentucky.... 29,404,000 18.303,200 Louisiana 2,240,000 2,118,500 Maryland 8,765,000 6.063,800 Mississippi... 774,000 701,500 X. Carolina... 367,000 323,000 S.Carolina... 1.203.000 856,000 Tennessee 21,240,000 2,692,000 Texas 5,694,000 3,232,000 Virginia 8,514,000 3,314,000 W. Yirgiria.., 8,365,000 12,056,000 Total.... $129,226,000 $66,812,000 Tlie development of iron manufactures employs the bulk of tliis new capital. Other interests as well as iron, however, are being rapidly developed. Included in the list of new enterprises organized in the South during 1S86 were: 2S iron furnaces, 50 ice factories, 68 foundries and machine shops, many of them of large size; 1 Bessemer steel rail mill, 20 miscellaneous iron works, including iron pipe works, bridge and bolt works, etc.; $ stove foundries, 24 gas works, 34 electric light companies, 11 agricultural implement factories, 174 mining and quarrying enterprises, 16 carriage and w:igcn factories, 9 cotton mills, 23 funiitngy pw-viri'i?y^ iiour jxins, -?-?o iuiiiL/fi mills, (not counting small portable saw mills,) including saw and planing miils, sash and door factories, stave, handle, bhingle, hub and spoke, shuttle-block factories, etc.; in addition to which there was a large number of miscellaneous enterprises. One of the most gratifying features of the South's industrial progress, says the Manufacturers' Record, is a wide diversity of new industries that are developing all through that section. A BEGUILING PROSPERITY. (Fr.iir. tK?> Ntws ars<i Courier.) It is exceedingly gratifying, of course, to read the statement made by the Baltimore Manufacturers' Record in evidence of the wonderful development of manufacturing in the South during the past year. The total increase of investments in all kinds of enterprises in the Southern States daring 1886 is shown to be nearly (j00T suui- it?is claimed witn train, upon' tne oasis oi rnese figures, that the year which is now closing has been the most remarkable in many respects in the history of the South. It will not escape attention, however, that the development of iron manufactures is credited with the employment of the bulk of the new capital, about $36,000,000 of the total increased investment being divided among the three States of Virginia, Tennessee a::d Alabama, while a decided falling off is shown in the States of West Virginia and Florida. Arkansas, Louisiana, . sissippi and North Carolina barely hold tbeir own. There is much ground for gratification in view of the development of the iron iaduscry in Ihe States where it has taken such a hold, but it would be far. far better for the South if the devel opment were more general and more equally distributed. The impetus given to the iron business, it jV conceded, comes from without, aud the profits from that business will largely go out of the South. While a good deal of money lias doubtless been made by Alabamians and Tennesseeans, for instance, in disposing of their lands, the bulk of the profits has gone to speculators who bought up the lands iu large blocks and at nominal prices. The control of the lands, moreover, has passed forever out o? the hands of the people who live on them, and the enterprises which have been founded by small home capitalists in the mineral districts are rapidly passing into the possession of outsiders, as has been reported in several conspicuous instances. Another and certain result of the great rapidity with which the production of iron in the South is increasing is th?.i the production of the same metal in the 3i ortii must be cheapened enormously, <">) eke the South will eventually monop| olize the iron industry. It is tc?o much ! to expect that the iron manufacturers of Pennsylvania, for instance, will consent to have their business crippled in either way. It is probable, therefore, that these will soon come forward and ask for lower duties on coal to enable them to competc successfully with the South-" ern districts; and, when the demand is ma .e, the Randal tit es and other Protectionists will hesitate no longer about striking any sort of blow at the Alabama and Tennessee coal and iron mines and iron manufactures than they would hesitate now to destroy the sugar industry of Louisiana, if the votes of the Louisiana Representatives were not courted by their selfish allies. The very prosperity of the iron in dustry at the South, in short, is fatal to its continuance, unless it passes into the hands of Northern owners, and the new1 - ?- "D ?- I'./, * ? _ iy cocyerwju x ru iwuuu-uito m mc uumu-1 ern iron-producing States will find in the end that they have sold out the true interest of the South and of the country for a prize that will crumble in their bands, or pass into the hands of nonresidents as soon as it- becomes worth the taking. A yourg lady about to be sworn as a witness in a New York court firmly ret used to kiss the BiMe, because it was too filthy, and she was allowed to :2irm without hissicg the book. It wouid be, it is said, a costly job to furnish haif a dozen new Bibles every day to each police court in New York. The young lady's objection, however, was well taken. She had seen the book handed to her kissed U?, i,rrifnoccnc nf Trhn"m bad a blister on bis mouth, and tbe others lips were smeared all over with tobacco juice. Tbe Mkissing of tbe book" by naturally fastidious people in NewYork appears to be somewhat of an ordeal. All apprehensions touching the safety of stoves using gasoline for fuel are set at rest by the improvements observable in the Front Yapor Stove. For further particular*, ?? advertisement. e I ' h'l"m i m?il iimimuii mm ! ii irr PICKETT'* CHARGE. General Alexander's Article on llio Battle of fivttystnrs in January Cc-Rtr.ry. In the January number of the Century are articles on the third day's fight nt Gettysburg, by General H. J. Hunt and E. P. Alexander. From the letter's account of Pickett's charge we quote as follows: "At exactly one o'clock by m\ watch the two signal guns were heard in quick succession. J'n another minute every gun was at work. The enemy was not slow in coming back at us, and the grand roar of nearly the whole artillery of both armies burst in on the silence almost as suddenly as the full notes of an organ could till a church. Theartiilery of E well's corps, however, took only a small part, I believe, in this, as they were too far away around the town. Some of them might have done good service from positions between Hill and Eweil, enfilading the batteries lighting us. The opportunity to do that was the single advantage iu our having the exterior line to compensate for its disadvantages. Bat our line was so far extended that all of it was not well studied, acu the officers of each corps had no opportunity to examine each other's ground for chances of cooperative work. " the enemy's position seemed io have broken out with guns everywhere, and from Round Top to Cemetery Hill was blazing like a voicano. The air seemed full of missiles from every direction. The severity of the fire may be illustrated by the casualties in my own batailion under Major Ku><er. "Before the carmonade opened I had made up my mind to give Pickett the order to advance within fifteen or twenty minutes after it began. But when I looked at the full development of the enemy's batteries, and knew that his in fantry was generally protected from our fire by stone walls and swells of tiie ground, I could not bring myself to give the word. It seemed madness to launch infantry into that lire, withneaily threequarters of a mile to go in the midday J uly sun. i let the fifteen minutes pass, and twenty, and twenty-five, hoping vainly for some-thing to turn up. Then I wrote to Pickett: "If you are coming at all yoa must come at oace, or I can not give you proper support; but the enemy's fire has not slackened at all; at Qta.fetih fixing frogu. the cemetery itself." Hive minutes after sending thai message, the enemy's fire suddenly began to slacken, and the guns . in the cemetory limbered up and vacated tbe position. "We Confederates often did such tiling as that to save our ammunition for use against infantry, but I had never before seen the Federals withdraw their guns simply to save them up for the infantry light. So I said, 'If he does not run fresh batteries in there in hve minutes, this is our fight.' I looked anxiously with my glass, and the five minutes passed without a sign of life on the deserted position, still swept by our lire, and littered with dead men and horses end fragments of disabled carriage. Then I wrote Pickett, urgently: For God's sake, come quick. The eighteen guns are gone: come quick, or my ammunition won't let me support you properly.' "I afterwards heard from others what took place with my first note to Pickett. 4'J/iCHct/t took it to -i O D lxOctj. XjO^?^? street read it, and said nothing. Pickett said, 'General, shall I advance?' Longstreet, knowing it had to be, but unwilling to give the word, turned his face away. Pickett saluted and said, 'I am going to move forward, sir,' galloped olf lo iiis division anci lmmeuiuiexy pui* xi. jlu _ motion. "Longstreet, leaving Lis staff, came out alone to where I was. It was then about 1.40 p. m. I explained tlie situation, feeling then more hopeful, but afraid our artillery ammunition might not hold out for ail-^we^ffoald want. Longstreet said, 'Stop Pickett, iminuiu"ately, and replenish your ammunition.' I explained that it would take too long, and the enemy would recover i'rom the effect our fire was then having, and we had, moreover, very little to replenish with. Longstreet said, 'I don't want t:> make this attack. I would stop it now but that General Lee ordered it and expects it to go on. I don't see how it can succeed.' "I listened but did not dare offer a word. The battle was lost if we stopped. Ammuniiion was lar too iow to try any- j thing else, for wo had been fighting three di ys. There was a chance, and i' was not nay part to interfere. While Longstreet was still speaking, Picket's division swept out of the wood a ad showed the full length of its gray ranks und shining bayonets, as grand a sight as ever a man looked on. Joining it on the left, Pettigrew stretched farther ilian I could see. General Dick Garnett, just out of the sick ambulance, and buttoned up in an old blue overcoat, riding at the head of his brigade, passed us and r luted Longstreet. Garnett was a warm personal friend, and we had not met before for months. We had served on the plains together before the war. I rode with him a short distance, and then we wished each other luck and a good-bye wnicn was our last. "Tlien I rode down the line of guns,' selecting such as x-ad enough am muni-, tion to follow Pickett's advance, and starting them as last as possible. I got, I think, fifteen or eighteen in a little whiie, and went on with them. Meanwhile, tne infantry had no sooner debouched on the plain than all the enemy's line, which had been nearly silent, broke out again with all its batteries. The eighteen guns were back in the cemetery, and a storm of shells began bursting over and among our infantry. All of our guns, silent as the infantry passed between them, reopen'd when the lines had got a couple of hundred yards away, but the enemy's artillery let us alone and fired only at the infantry. No one could have looked at o/ltron/)/! TTT'?f]"?<r\T7f rrmli n rr nrrmrl r\i it.. I lOJXbf au V CkXiUW X UUV UW J^A,W*V-. w ? ?* "But as oar supporting guns advanced we passed many a poor mangled victim left in its trampled wake. A terrific infantry rire was now opened upon Pickett, and a considerable force of the enemy moved out to attack the right Hank oi his line. We halted, nnlimbered, and opened tire upon it. Pickett's men never halted, bat opened fire at close range, swarmed over the lences and among the enemy's guns, were swallowed uj) in smoke?and that was the last of them. The conflict hardly setimed to last five minutes before they were melted away, and only disorganized stragglers were coming back pur.-ued by a moderate lire. Just th.-u Wilcox's brigade passed by us, moving to Pickett's support. Tliere was no longer anything to support, and with the keenest pity at the useless waste of life I saw them adfance. The men, as they passed us, looked bewildered, as if they wondered what they were expected to do, or why they were there. They were soon, however, halted and moved back." Michael Davitt has traveled over ten thousand miles, delivered forty-eight speeches, and been married, all in a of less tl^aiten -woeim. "ft i THE HA>'I> OF <;OD. A iiiusyiieuot-r Curses Hi> Creator --ii is Sirickeu with Paralysis. .Douglas, Ga., January 4.?' ! hope that God may paralyze me" were the ! words spoken by William Burkett. At once liis hands dropped to his side, his legs r tit used, to move and his eyes rolled ivudl) around. His pra\ c*r was answereu .'.s he stood pui'ljzed. on the spot where iiut a few inmates before he was a magnificent type of physical manhood. hie tried to speak, but his tongue would not move. Half a do2en men, who were present, were rendered motionless by the evident visitation of the hand 01 God. Whtn they recovered seii-posr-ession they tenderly moved the aliiicted r>Kirt fn Tiit! rMsiripnfift. a half mtlo dis taut. "When Miss Khody JBurkett saw the plight in "which, hei father was brought home she screamed and fainted, uid*tiied a lew days later. .For years Mr. Bnrkett had been the i'errjman at the Kawk'.usville road crossing ci the Ocmulgee l\iver. Ke was ol giant physique, with long gray lochs, anafc-ecame especially noted because oi the brace of revolvers which he kept strapped to his waist. He was a great hunvjr, and the ferry* being in tiie midst of a swamp, he was convenient to an abundance of game. From those who lived around iunj. it is learned that he was fearfully profane. Whenever he sighted game and was called off from ii by an alarm from the ferry he would pour out such a volley of oaths as would make the flesh of ordinary men crawl, it was while in one of these profane spells that he cursed his Creator, and wound up with the expression above quoted. ^ ^ j Tlie news soon- spread through the | country, and scores of people caJ led to i see the victim. He was at first completely prostrated, but subsequently was enabled to take a few steps, when he wonld falL When spoken to he replies in an inarticulate mumble, and acts in t ue most idiotic manner. The physicians can ascribe no natural cause for his affliction, bnt admit that it is a visitation of God. The preachers in the neighborhood have used the incident in their sarmons with great effect. . ?KO?-?3* Story of a Georgia To:vn, True but Terrible. I was recently in a small Southern vil-LP/^fejlnrm*V TTflf A.^.PiY,l>;K^on> ;ind oi Ttie four -stores two wereHoaivT rooms, or whiskey shops. It was no common sight to tee staggering nicn and I crowds going and .coming from these shops. On courfc days, for the connty court house was there, many men instead of eating good wholesome food for dinner, would go to the bar and drink their dinner. ^ Just think, a dinner of this vile burning poison; were they fit men to judge their fellow men? a thousands times no. But while I sojourned at this place, I knew three bright promising little boys, aged four, five and six. Then there -were two others, little ones, seven months and two years, each having a nurse, young, colored girls. One day at dinner we were at the hotel, the oldest boy said. Mama, Mr. Barber-shop man, the proorittor of the barroom also cut hair) called us and gave us all some cider. Liz took Clyde and the baby too, and he made every one drink even the little baby. ilie Jiama saia, ? win. pun:sn you ana i 3'our brother for going. I strictly forUUltriti Tile xli-lltt.. '])(, TZuxz* (the oldest nurse) said come on, , your ma won't care for sweet cider, and Mrs. Mux lets Mr. Waiter go. Mr. and Mr?. Max v.-ere all p.resent: and I II not forget the look of horror these words brought to Mr. Max's face. He was i strict Presbyterian minister, Walter, their one little lamb; he turned to his wife and said, Edna is this true; do you let Walter go io this drink shop? She replied, he went there to get his hair cut, and brother lialph said he was too young for any barm to come of it. He f aid, why don't you see even the baby is not too young, "ilig knows his part well. He begins with the tender" young them up, cultivating a taste for it, bait- ' ing them for his own aim. I am horrified that in tins lair village there is sucn vile, black crime, and our beautiful boy, Oh! 1 shudder; I wished to say when he became a man, Walter has never set foot in a dram shop, and now 1 cannot, little did I dream of this, so young. Why. I'd let his haii- grow long upon his shoulders, and I'd punish him severely it' he knew it was a whisky shop. Edna, I am surprised at you, his mother, nearest to liim on earth; you who should be ever so wary and watchful of this evil. I am deeply stirred witliin me. Walter, never set foot in this man's shop again, and never taste or take any thing he oilers you. If I hear of you doing so, I shall punish you severely. The other two mothers showed equal distress for their boys. The mother of the babe especially, to think, as the good minister said, he was bringing up even the babbes to love his drink. Her father drank away reason and life, under this same man's influence, and her only "brother on the verge of manhood; Oh! she trembles to think what will be his fate. Is this fitful gaiety, this bright bloom upon his young face, the bloom and gaiety of youth? She trembles and prays God it may be, and not the fatal poisoning bloom and gaiety of vf-mrxr rirmIt "FY?rm_ Onrl watfth aiul guide your fair boy. And the widowed mother oi' the other two, tbe two oldest, may she never experience the deep sorrow of sceitig her boys intemperate. Oh! village, Oh! county, banish alcohol from your Jand, from your people, and you banish these fearful crimes that arc now racking you with deep distress, then you wiil see progress and prosperity, where now is dilapidation and non-progressiveness. Whisky is your curse; tremble for your children, tremble for their future. Do you tecognize this true picture? It is as it really occurred!?Georgia Temperance Advocate. iigtQ i ? Thi- Brave \\ ife ol a Sheriff. A negro man named Monro*: Buck, con fined in j-lil on the chars?'* of burgiary and larceny, attempted to his escape !:ist wees, ana would luve suceeeueu m cmma so but for the courage and presence of mind exhibited by Mrs. Josiah Doar, who happened to be on the premises at the time. Buck q.'.ivtiy awaited his opportunity, which came when Scipio, the servant employed by the Sh.-ritf, opened tbe dom lending to the ceils la order to cany up the meal* of the prisoners. Ke attacked Scipio vigorously a:;d succcedcd in throwing him down. Iiushing through the lower lull ol tli?- jail, lie ran rapidly down the -tups iutihe van! ami darted tow.ird iiie iYont ga?c, but was stopped by an imperious command from Mis. Poa", vh i iori'i.!;' hi- moving or pultiug I:a:i i.-i - .j 'he;: t ailed o it to the ienc.yts ? V. the doas when Buck, who had led for the rear of the enclosure, surrendered unconditionally and begged Mrs. Doar piteously not to set the dogs on him. When Sh'jrill Doar, who had been notified of the trouble, arrived on the scene, Buck had been safely confined in iail again. Mrs. Dear's ad mi r itile enduct under these trying circumstances Is worthy of the highest common dation. There "are few ladies who would iiave U1U5 uravcu mc- iaij' ui au cawijjiiig j :il bird.?Georgetown Enquinr. Home rule?Wipe your' feet before you come ia. I>KCI.S:ON< OX TEMPEKANCE. Uy T. V. i'ottdcrly, >i. \V.. of flic Knights of Labor. The growth of our oruer und the notice taken of it by the nrf.-ss of the land has awakened an interist in the labor movement among men who have never given the question of organization a thought. Thousands of men are knocking for ad mittance; they are actuated by all sorts of motives. Among the number wno would like to become members, I find quite a i'ew liquor dealer, and I am written to every day to kuow 4;i: cannot be admitted; it is true he is ongaged in the liquor trafiic, or his wjfe seJis liquor, or he is in some way connected with the rum interests, but- we know lie would inas[e a good member-" The decisions of the General Master Workman are now published in book orm. Turn to the pages of that book and you will see decision after decision on the eligibility of those connected with the saloon business. One or my correspondants asks why 1* reversed the decision of my predecessor; the decision reads as follows: > "22. Men of good report, respectable p-tk; honoraLle teeners of roadside inns, I for the bona fide entertainment of travelers and tlieir animais, with bed and board for the same, connected "with the real interests of the locality in which, they live, du not come under the cnissihcation of saloon keeper and liquor dealer, and may be admitted to membership under the "law of the ballot." It is true that my decisions are in conflict with the above, but it was through no disrespect to Brother Stephens that I made them. They are as follows: "G7. An agent l'or any liquor establishment (be that establishment wholesale or retail, or be he the agent, manufacture or dealer) is not eligible to membership." . "So. No person can be a member of the Order whose wife sells liquor. He must either get a divorce from his wife or from this organization. The latter can be granted in the shape of an honorable withdrawal card." "3'J. Bumsellers can* not be admitted to membership, and an member engaged in +I10 lnninocc /-if iTimsAllinrV- rllTHfllv cr indirectly, whether by barrel, g;illon, quart, pint, or gill, who sells either by hin:sell' in person or in proxy, must apply for and be granted a withdrawal card: and if he p^gler-ty to nuke appli-. cation tneretor, at orLcetne^Spps^Odg^ Secretary of the Local Assembly snlPI notify him of his neglect-, and at the next meeting a withdrawal card Jiall be issued to the brother." "97. If during the internal between the election and initiation of a candidate he engages in the iiquor traffic, either for his own purpose or of another, he is disqualilied, and cannot be covered with our shield." "211. The manufacturer of beer (that is, the proprietor or owner of the brewery) is not eligible to membership. The men employed in the- brewery are eligible to membership. If you turn to pages 285, Proceedings of General Assembly of 188G, you will get an idea of why I oppose tiie admission of those enerased in the liquor traffic. Our Order cannot be beneiicial to the liquor dealer and the laborer." If the reader will examine l\o. 22 carefully he will see that if allowed to stand as law it would open the door Jjj^rgery keeps a saloon on Broadwav, JN'ew Xorfe, is the "keeper of a roadside inn," and up to the present time no one has heard a man engaged in tue liquor business admit t'uat he was not "respectable and honorable. Even wish the law as it now stands I am pestered every day with inquiries ? 1 I f "t. V1J .,..,7 ana itppeuis iroui -.ibseiLLLfjuca &uu there to give a decision on the advisiabiiity of admitting some one who has an interest in a liquor establishment. All sorts of excuses in order to open the doors of vlie Knights of Labor to the dealer in spirits. To-day 1 iinu the following on my desk: ? ivn . ?i<; ^ood-natared. liberal man, and very AavonfEIu^ro* "1. . One of our member*, while in liis place spoke rather unreservedly of the allan's of the Order. 3Ir ?lias gained a knowledge of our secrets. We are of Ihe opinion that a dispensation from you to allow us to initiate -Mr. would settle the difficulty." This is my answer to that lequest: I will never grant a dispensation to any man engaged in a calling likely to bring disci edit to the Order. In frequenting this man's place a member ioseshis wits. 1 ? ^ _ i. _ /-\ 1 1. Til 1. . _ .li lie gets into ijllo cruer lie wju ue ill a, position to clo more injury. I do not care how good-natured he may be, that belongs to hiss trade. The spider would be considered good-natured by the person who saw him invite the fly into his parlor, bnt if 3Ir. Ply could get out of the pari or his testimony won Id convict the spider of being "good-natured" for a purpose. This man may be liberal, but if other men were not idiots he could not be so very Jibcral on the money they stoic from his v.ife and child to give to him. He may be liberal, but you cannot afford to be. because you have given to the saloon keeper your earnings. I am .sked if a young man working for himself, over twenty-one years of age, may become a member if his father sells drink. I have no objections to such a person, but if his presence in the Assembly is likely to lead one person into his father's "parlor" who would not otherwise go there, then I am opposed to his coming in. I regret to note the narrow interpretation given to my rulings, it is not the saloon keeper i object to, it is the influence of rum; and if I know that th; admission of any man or wom.tn will lead men into saloons, I am of opinion that his place is outside. Aly decisions were ail made with a view to protecting tlir> Order and tho ftitise of labor. Xot only do I oppose the man "who sells, but the man who drinks as well. I have no nse for a man when he is uronk, and if any one can point out to me a heroic deed, a manly act. a noble achievement, performed by a drunken man. I will gladly apologize for all the hard things i have taid oi the drunkard. I have stood at the foot of the gallows and have seen the drop fail from beneatn the feet of men who were my equals iu ali tilings but one?they drank to get drunk, and ie drank tiiey committed murder. 1 have seen murders, theft?:, burg Lines, ail crimes committed bv men who were tlrunk, but have jet to see a mun '.vho drinks periorm an act that other*men could applaud, unless he commits suicide. Thomas JStc>. ens. who is making a tour of the world on a Dicycle, and who a few days ago was supposed to be lost some: where 111 China, has been heard from at iiong Kong. He reports tome pireitv rough experiences, and v-P^ets soon to 1w? ir> X-m I One of the rinest and biggest nuggets of gold ever found in Calnornia is on exhibition in San Francisco it is as large as an ordinary derby hat and weighs thirty-five pounds troy. It is worth $20 an ounce and is almost pure gold. \ / THE CONFEDERATE VETERANS. j What the State of South Carolina Hu* Done for their Support. South Carolina furnished more soldiers | to the armies of the late Confederacy, in ! proportion to her white population, than ! any State in the Confederation of seced- i iug States, which is, however, onlyj natural, considering the fact that seees sion had its birth in her borders. She j has also dune less toward relieving her ! maimed and wounded soldiers than any Southern State. This is, perhaps, owing to the fact that the State was longer under the control of the carpet-bug regime than other States and that the was prob- | ably the worst-plundered State in the j South under that plundering regime. Soon after war, when the first Legisla- [ tare met under Governor Orr, and be- J fore the enfranchisement of the blacks, j ::a Act was passed providing for the fur-: wishing of artificial limbs for those of her soldiers who had lost a leg or an | arm in the service. Under this Act dis- { abled soldiers received from 3100 to j $200 each, the necessary funds being i appropriated annually. It is to the credit of- tire?carpet-bag fin i iwiiiilthat this appropriation, about $$5,090 annually, was never withheld. When the Government reverted to the | whites by the revolution of 1876 an at! t'.-mpt was made to provide pensions for | the disabled soldiers, but the State was ! too pool*, and the one-armed and oneI legged Confederate soliiers in the Leg! islature were always the most strenuous j in opposing the measure. Every year since j.0/0 nau-aoze:i or more .-iuto nave j been passed appropriating specific sums ! ranging from $25 to $200 to maimed or ! disabled Confederate soldiers, each Act : bsing, however, a specific appropriation for an individual named. No general pension Act bus ever been passed. At the recent session, -which closed on Decumber 24, an Act was passed enlarging the provisions of what is known as the Artificial Limb Act, and extending its benefits to persons who have resided in the State for ten years, whether they were natives or not. This is about all that has ever b <>n done for the maimed soldiers of the State. "Waste in tlie Kitchcn. Waste in the kitchen is verv often great ......+ 1 TT fwtno] cArr/>k)?! AX L>IU UliTMU OVUAVW, In cooking meats, tlie water is thrown <rat_wft>?out removing the grease, or the tt^jom tiie dripping pan if thrown Scraps of meal are tCa^Wi^* 1?Cold potatoes are left to sou^N^3?01^ Dry truits are not looked after aa<^f* come wormy. Vinegar and sauce are left standing in it. Apples are left to decay for want ol "sorting over." The tea canister is left open. Victuals are left exposed to be eaten by mice. Bones of meat and the carcass of turkey are thrown away, when they could h>> rjsprl in mftlrinor mind smms Sugar, tea, coffee and nee are carelessly spilled in the handling. Soap is left to dissolve and waste in the water. D sh towels are used for disli cloths. . Napkins are used for dish towels. Towels are used for holders. Brooms and mops are not hung up. More coal is btirned than necessary by z.-oi arranging dampers pot n<?iDg the fire. . Lights are left burning when not us?d. "Tin dishes are not properly cleansed and dried. Good new brooms are used in scrubbing the kitchen floors. Silver spoons are used in scraping ketcles. Cream is left to mold and spoil. Mustard is left to spoil in the erase, etc. Vinegar is allowed to stand until the tin vessel becomes corroded and spoiled. Pickles become spoiled by the leaking out or evaporation of the vinegar. Pork spoils for want of salt, and beef because the brine scalding. -SiLns become tainted c^^&tt^with vermin for want of care. Cheese molds and is eaten by mice or vermin. Tea and cofl'ee pots are injured on the stove. Woodenware is unscalded and left to warp and crack. Iiia Mcxican Theatre. One very funny custom of the theatres litre, says a correspondent writing from ?.Icxico"to the Pittsbu; ? Dispatch, is their manner of keeping their reserved seat, diagram, the seats being marked upon it by small holes, in which are piaced wooden pegs. When you buy a reserved seat the ticket seller removes the peg from the hole you have selected and gives it to you as your check. The ushers know the seat it designates by the length or color of the peg. As soon as the act drop falls every gentleman puts on his hat, rises from his seat and turns about to take a view of the house through his lorgnette. The-.' subsequently pass into the aisles to greet their friends, and remain there talking until the prompter's bell warns them mai anoiner act is aoout 10 oegm. men thej hurry to their places and remove their hats. The appearance of a Mexican theatre between the acts?its aisles crowded with groups of men talkiug aud gesticulating wildly?would cause au unsophisticated American to think thut free fights were in progress ail over the house. Very few Indies wear hats or bonnets in the street, substituting black lace ma lit i lias instead, and eveu the.-e ure dispensed with at theatres?the hair being elaborately dressed?and thgreat majority of the gentlemen are in lull evening dress, the appearance of a Mexican audience is very brilliant. TJit t'sc of Arras Escmpliil?*!. Lucy?Why, Belle! Is ii all over between you nufl Harry? Didn't I see you out sleighing List night with George? Belle?That doesn't signify anything. I preferred to go with George?that was ail. Lucy?But look at the difference between the two men. George is only a clerk on a small salary. He isn't handsome. Harry is rich; he is noble looking. and he adores }ou. Be'lc?Yes, and he has only on area. When it comes to sleigh riding, you know Lucy?Yes, yes! That's a fact. I for got. You are quite right, dear.?Chicago i Tribune. - ?? * There is a little stretch oj" !?ud south j of Kau^s and Colors,do whoich is known j us No Plan's Laud, for the reason that it j is not aiitiehed to any state or Territory j ror judicial purposes. it is four times ; the size of -Rhode Island, and three-1 fourths the size of Massachusetts. A \ York ii:inpr sr.acfsts that it be 1 ? ? i i? ?oo? , : opened up to the Mugwumps i'or settle- ] rnenl:, and that it be caLed 3lugwumpia. i A new color is called ' blackberry.'' It is of tile precise tint of the cewly-crusbed berry, and will be beyond the recognition of aao?t persons as anything but purple. TRUE TO OURSELVES. How io Get What You Write in the Northern Papers. Any editor in the South can have his editorials copied in the leading Northern papers if he will damn the Sonthern war leader?, speak disparagingly of ex-President Davis, pi^te eternally of a ''New South," despise the traditions and opinions of the true South, slander the memory of the great political thinkers, worship Mammon, hurrah for gilded vice, apotheosize the Grants, Stantons, John Browus of the North, speak with bated breath, of what the South was, did and is, and swear that Plymouth Rock is the holiest spot on earth next to Bethlehem and Mecca. /* But there are tens of thousands of the be&t men in the Sou h who believe in the immortality of principles, and that they are "the same yesterday, to-day and forever." They would rather have the approval of conscience, the consola uou oi ciuty laitnrauy done, me senrespect that is born of a noble manhood than all the plaudits of all the Yankees who ever sat down to splendid banquets Jo celebrate the coming of the "Pilgrim ? s, Fathers." Southern men of the right type have no words of censure for the celebration of a day that is ever dear to the New England heart. The South says let them sing and rejoics and praise to repletion the men from Avhom they have descended. The South only proposes to maintain inviolate ancestral faiths of its owe, to enjoy its own cherish memories, and to honor and revere those grand men why bore themselves as heroes in the most trying of crucial times, keeping their faith pure and unspotted, looking to the heights of glory for help, leaning upon their own strong right arms for victory, standing by convictions that were supreme with them, and omiil oil rovorcdc all anil sufferings asserting a stoicism and virtue that were equal to every demand. The best and noblest men?the men who stood in the trenches?the men who fought against five-fold their numbers, charged the batteries and the bristling heights again and ag-iin?these men will never v?in Northern applause by sycophantic adulation; and will never secure a newspaper immortality by pandering to Northern prejudices, or yielding to Northern demands. They will live and ilie true and loyal to the laws and the Constitution; and what is of equal importune* and value, true to themselves and their Southland. Ch ap Lnbor in ih?- Went Indies. Now that cheap labor is attracting gen er;ii attention, ana giving rise to created discission, the following, from one who wili be read with interest, no doubt7^ "The negroes work on the salt-pans, men and women alike, for 'do cents a day and board themselves. As to the women, the employers say they would rather have them than the men because they work steadier? spend less time rolling cigarettes and smoking them. By salt pans you will unders.t :cd that I mean those areas on which salt vvatcr is let in to the t-xtent of niue inches i i depth and Irom which three inches of p :rc salt is obtained simply by solar evaporation. Do not think that because these laborers ob ain so low a rate of wages that they live poorly. On the contrary, they j live better than the average of our laborers | lo here; the reason of this is that fruit of all kinds is very cheap and fish is almost valueless. The plantain-ban nana is Ub&fl JJJUUI Jjac. aameff they are cut in thin biices*iu\U '1 11,1 1 luiied with meat of different kinds; also Kiteu raw in almost unlimited abundance. The most of the work is d'>ne very early in t lie morning and late in the afternoon and evening. In lhe middle of the day the y laborers take their siesta, and no matter '?- ?? ? Hrt /<< ? ? TT, . > t* Vwi cloon c/Min/l. li'JVV liUt ilic VJdJr UXdJ lutj ly wliich is done as much because of cus- ? tom and practice as ia consequence of tbe requirements of nature: and when night comes and labor of the day is over, instead of resting themselves they, as a general _ thing, go'to frolicking, such as dancing, visuTog:nrjd having a good time generally. It is but seldom that you see a drunken-*^ person on ano of the islands, although rng^ :-> very cheap; so cheap that almost one has it on hand at all times. drunk are mostlv the car ? English v^j.jSe crews of the vesselsoic>uiJJMitti'!^ generally behave themselves better* when ashore, than these do, as regards the use and abuse i: ? VI UV.JUUI. The State University. The tirst meeting of the Board of Trustees of the State Univers ty, under the changes effected by the ejection of new members at the late session of the Legislature. v.-as held ia the Library of the College lust week. The following members were present: Governor Richardson, Associate Justices McGowan and Mclver, I). 1'. Duncan, President of the State Agricultural Society, Colonel A. C. Haskell. Genen! James F. I/Jar, General John B.atton, lion. VV. C. Coker and Dr. Robert Henry. Tiic vacancies in the Executive Commit :ee were filled by the election of Governor Richardson and Judge R:tskell, in place of Colonel ilcllaster 'and the late Colonel moil. me vuLuuuuee c:;usisu5 ui me ocwly-clected members, the Judges of the .- jpreme Court, and President McBiyde as Chairman ex officio. Tiie follmvmg corned membcs were -lee-ted :is the E^-cutive Committee of CSatliu Uuiv?-rsiiy: General J. F. izlar, 1 ;hi:irmau; Judjje C. H. Simonton, Hon. V. C. C -ker, G. Lunib Buist and Dr Kolfiji Me'try C-?iouci A C Haskell was elected a i? imr*r f ;: e L biiirv Committee of the South College, in place ot Colonel i?\ vV. M M.s.er. T.i- r? c? .!tu?-:iii-t(i ?n of President Mc13 . .1 U ?. . ..1. -11 ? J oi^u , ii'U 'nc auu-? c ueparii?iit*i11 i>e aU)li&ti? d iifiL-r the close of tie ' urrt ai ire?-i?'n. w as adopted. I>. was ret" rred to the Executive Commiuee to i i'HOie proper rules and regulations :<>r ilie admission of beneficiaries, in oedience to the Act passed at the recent session of the General Assembly. The committee will report at the next meeting ol' the Board, in May next. Two Inimitable Perfumes. It is sa:d of two of the most delightfully fragrant Uowers that grow upon this continriiL?ihe ma*rnoli:i and the tea ohve. living ;;i two or three oi the Southern States? : hat their odor has a?-ver been simulated in perfume. Experiment after experiment has o-ea niud^, and when it seemed as if bucos hid l)eeu obtained, tbe next moment, b U're the conditions could befixad and determined, it \va- 1< >: again,. There is no d .u''t, however, but thnt someone will yet ti d :: method of inu'sating their subtle and. exquisite frngruuoe, which comes and goes. H > y as? only to leave an impression of f'- ct-fjj pleasure. The real skill of the lies in simulating such deiicate "Those which are stronger and :re !es> agreeable, and reined people u-i not like to employ them. To use perfuin'-ry tkil fuliy is an art. for good taste forbids that there shall be about the iierson any thing more than a suggestion of tho tinoi* and more intangi^e, while yet perceptible, i.ueniore agreeable and artistic it is. The production of some?>f the most delightful | perfumes has been the work of years. | The American Vapor Stove Company lead other iiianufacturers in the matter | oi a stove that combines all the elements 1 of excellence. Read the advertisement ' in another part of this paper. *