The Fairfield news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1881-1900, December 01, 1886, Image 1
* . " -a
1 VOL. XLII1. WIXXSBORO. S. ., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 1. 1886. NO. 18.
i
? -^^^^ .^ zy^r^i?z^ryj^CT35g?lggag3Ugl?iitt- IIH?J"I1'I! mm BILC?H?BQ-lg'tV .11 f ill'll'Tlilmi 1 ' "*? ' ' 'H?S3?fl????na^M?
W THE GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. I
I
i
AN KXH.t i'STIVj: KKY1 ?:W )J TliK J
ASTAillS <)!' ST \ !
A Full i'nsnil.tlioii of tSs<- t?> Ks:? '
rase tin- :i::i ni'Oitr l.av. j
During the Vw+vnl S<s>ioii.
i The message" of Governor Sheppard
I was read in the General Assembly on
Wednesday the 2:th nit. Below is
given a synopsis of its contents.
The State debt is now $<;,111.-"37,
ffiV which yet to be
fanded at fifty cents on the dollar.
' . Governor Sheppard recommends that
the time for funding, except l>y special
Act of the Legislature, be limited to ' )!
|~ WlVWij XWV.
THt TAX LAW'S.
HL After reviewing the tax system in general,
Governor Sheppard points out the
following defects:
First. "All property subject to taxation"
is not assessed.
Second. "A uniform and equal rate of
1" assessment and taxation" :'s not laid.
Third. The payment of the taxes can j
' not be enforced.
After briefly con-iderhag the two first
topics, Governor Sheppard sr.vs:
I now pass to the consideration 01 tne i
third defect in the present tax lav,*?to
wit, the method of enforcement.
Very few, if any, tax titles in this State
have survived the test of judicial investigation.
In this particular tax titles arc
L not peculiar to South Carolina, lilackwell,
in his admirable book on Tax Titles, j
' says "that out of at least one thousand j
causes of this description which have |
found their way into the Appellate Courts j
of the country, not twenty of them have
been fonnd to be legal and regular."
The Courts hold the title to be the ex- i
1 ?1 Cr i
edition 01 a power, auu tiictciviu uui i
sufficient for the purpose intended uuiess !
all the conditions oi thut power have :
been fully complied with. That the per- [
son invested with such a power must j
pursue with precision the course pre- j
scribed by law, or his act is invalid, is a ;
principle which has been repeatedly re-;
cognized by the Courts.
County Treasurers and Auditors are j
generally unfamiliar with the forms and i
. requirements of law incident to tiie en- j
Ik forcement of the payment of taxes?in j
the various details that in the judgment i
r of the Courts are required?and hence j
should not be expected, much less rt- I
quired, to execute such powers.
But our people are conservative, and
have great respect for our Courts oi jus-1
tice. No land for the non-payment of j
taxes should l>e sold except by the au-1
thority of a decrce of a Court. *
This question was carefully considered !
by a commission, composed of able and !
experienced gentlemen, appointed under j
"a joint resolution to provide for the
, appointment of a commission to consider j
and report a plan to simplify the mode!
of assessing ?icl collecting tne taxes 01;
the State and counties," approved De- i
cember 24th, ISSo.
These gentlemen "recommended a J
* proceeding in rem against the real prop- '
JL erty taxed, and decree of Court ana sale I
B- thereunder Toy a:i-oincar of the Court." !
W I heartily eoucur in the viev,- expressed :
* _ 1 xL _
W by the commission,, ant* rccommuuu me ;
I enactment of a law to carry it into effect. '
I Hardships rcav be experienced until our
people foecorae-iamfiiar with the change, j
but in a short time there will be very few i
sales of land, for the non-payment of j
taxes.
If these recommendations should re- j
ceive your approval, and you should
enact a law to make them operative, I see I
k x no reason why the duties oi Auditor and j
Treasurer should not be performed by j
& the same person. This question I sub- :
\ mit for jour careful consideration and j
determination.
T irs -TAOCC 1 > V f h 1Q i m n,OV- !
J- tun 11 IV ^/u.^0 VJ ? r ,
taut subject without directing your at- J
tentioa to the .alarmingly large record oi'-j
forfeited lauds: Those lands yield, prao ;
tically, no revenue to'the State, and the j
enjoyment^of them by former owners is I
practically undisturbed.
If the former owner desires to redeem, j
he is permitted to do so by paying the j
taxes, penalties and costs accrued, with- j
out reference to the claims of cities.and j
towns for municipal taxes.
* w For this great'.and 'growing evil an
ot.,3 trior/ .Wvnc VOlYlpVlv shftllld. I)G I
PCUCVli.6?i.u v' .
provided. I recommend the passage oi' j
an Act that will authorize und empower j
the Sinking Funci Commission to obtain j
possession of all such lands. In no event j
should redemption be allowed, except j
upon payment of ail taxes, penalties and
costs due to the State, county and iuu-!
1|L ' The report of the Sinking Fund Com- j
B& mission gives much valuable information j
upon this subject, to which I invite your
||f attention.
THE COURTS.
WK No less important?not much less ;
fliffimilt?is the matter of the adminis-.
M tration of justice in tlie Courts of the
H? State.
Before and since Hamlet's Soliloquy
Sbs -was wr-.ven, the law's delay has been a
1\y-word and reproach, a source of an>;icty
and unhappiness, a cause of mei'ttd
distress and nnancial disaster, arid an
obstruction to th<e . development of the
science of-law. liules of law and statutes
should accord with common sense, and
should result, when put in practice, in
rapid, but not iiasty or ill-considered,
^ settlement of forensic disputes.
JL>eiay is inseparaoie irom, n ua mdispensable
to, the patient and orderly
administration of justice; but when tlie
.>;r| h delay becomes so serious '-that the busiB
ness community has become reluctant to
WBT resort to the Courts secure enffflP
forcemeat of contracts, and men are
driven to methods of adjustment w ithout
the ail of Courts,'" suspicion is aroused,
j^L either that evil inheres in the system in
operation, or that the method of its administration
is defective.
sk TCorsh?\v said, in addressing the
r Grand Jury, at a iate term of Court in
>P?mgeburg: *'1 have frequently, in my
remarks to the Grand Junes, taken occasion
to comment on the fact that we, in
South Carolina, very probably have the
most expensive system of dispensing jus- >
tice in the world." . ;
Vn fundamental chance in the system
rnow existing is necessary to effect sub-!
stantial improvement. A few changes in I
the method oi conducting business in
Court/will greatly facilitate dispatch and
greatly reduce expenses,
i In the State then: are thirty-four
counties. Three terms in each county
give a hundred and two 'opening days"
in the State. Thg loss of one-liaif of
each first day is the loss annual.lv
- -7 i TT-r,-rV.
tttTOUgJUOUU CXiC isPUACC
ing davs, or two months, time sufficient
to hold an average term of the Courts oi
an entire Circuit. It is safe to say, that
one-half, on an average, of one day in
every term is consumed in swearing witnesses
in open Court who are to testify,
before the Grand Jury. This is totally
t unnecessary. A Grand Jury may, either
on their own information, or that derived
from other sources, make a presentment,
on which a bill may l>e prepared
and submitted by the prosecuting
otlicer. Why require witnesses, accom- ]
panied by ri: : Grand Jury, to go into
Court to be ^ worn by the Solicitor"? It
was not iu:iii 5 >7:; (Stat vs. Kiicrease,
S. G ,) that the Supreme Court decided
that <,witnes>vs examined before a Grand
Jury upon a bill of indictment must be
sworn in open Court," although previous!'.
thereto such had been the orac
lice.
J. recommend tlie passage of an Act,
os has been done in. several States, authorizing
ili?* Foreman oi the Grand
Jr.ry, or Foreman pro tcm., in the absence
of the Foreman, to administer the
oath. to all witnesses to be examined by
the Grand Jury.
How shall the time l>e employed now
consumed in swearing witnesses?
i recommend the restoration of the
summary process jurisdiction oi' the Ck
can vuan?wiui 5UvU muuuic<;uuu& ua
to fonu of procedure, as may be necessary
to conform it to the system of practice
now prevailing. The Circuit Judge
should be authorized to take up the
summary process calendar during the
sitting of the Court of Sessions. Thus,
while the Grand is engaged hi the examination
of' bills, the Court be employed
in hearing and deciding cases on
t ho summary process docket. The costs
in such cases should be reduced. In
stead of .?20, equivalent to :$85.7i, as
prescribed in the Act of !7<>8, the Circuit
Judge should be authorized to hear
and determine without a jury, unless
demanded by either party, under certain
restrictions to be j re scribed, all civil
actions at law involving not raore than
two hundred dollars, including appeals
ia civil actions from Trial Justice
fVwrfe Tlinc Tv-nf file ftd
journmentof the Court of Sessions, a
large proportion oi tlie civil business
will have been transacted.
Eminent authority in the State urgently
advise that in this class of causes no
appeal should be allowed to the Supreme
Court. For this practice we shonld have
precedent in the United States Courts?
;n which no appeal to the Supreme
Court is allowed?unless involving a
Constitutional question?in cases involving
less than five thousand dollars. This
would greatly relieve the pressure upon
the Supreme Court, and would spare to
I Itigants much de: ,y and expense. This
question I submit foryoui consideration.
The fee bill should be revised and
amended, especially so as to limit the
number oi cays for which costs may be
taxed fur reference''before Masters and
Ueferees.
The most fruitful source of the delay,
and the expense, that are incident to the
administration of justice in the State is
the Trial Justice system.
No question has rcceivt'd a greater
ihare of public attention, and upon no
question ?s there a greater diversity of
opinion. All admit that the system is
defective; tbe difference arises upon the
suggestion of a remedy.
In his last annual message to the
General Assembly, Governor Thompson
directed attention to this important mat
ter; lie said "the Trial Justice system, [
whicli was intended to relieve the Cir- j
cuit Court of General Sessions by pro-;
viding inferior Couits, in which petty j
offenses could be tried readily and at a '
^-mali cost, has failed to fulfill the pur- j
pose which it was' designed to accom-1
plish. It is proper, therefore, that I j
recommend, for the consideration of the i
General Assembly, such amendments to j
the law as seem most likeiy to give relief j
to tiie Courts oi Sessions, wiiiie providing
for tlie prompt trial of persons
charged with crime, and tlie speed}- punishment
of those who may be convicted.
But two modes suggest themselves
to me by which this may be accomplished.
These are the establishment of
County Courts, or an increase in the
number of Circuit Judges. Careful consideration
of this subject induces me to
believe that the latter mode is best suited
to our wants."
I concur ia the judgment of Governor
Thompsot. md endorse the reasons assigned
by him, that the establishment
oi County Courts will not remedy the
evil complained of; but I do not think i
anincrease oi' the number of Judicial!
Circuits is necessary cr advisable. An i
inferior Court of some description is |
iadispensable. The present system is |
better and cheaper than County Courts; j
but the present system should be modi-!
hed in important features.
The Supreme Court has decided that
"The Court of Conimon "leas Jbas con-1
current jurisdiction, under the Consti- i
iution, in civil cases cognizable before j
Justices of the Peace"; which being the
case, the civil jurisdiction of Trial Jos-!
iices may be permitted to remain, as
parties may now, at tLeir option, proceed
either in the Trial Justice Court or
in the Common Pleas.
If is the criminal jurisdiction of Trial
Justices that imposes great annoyance
nnnn +>u> rind nreat excense uoon I
~xr x it? o ?? a. ,
the counties. From the report of the j
Comptroller General for the Just fiscal j
yea", it arrears that the amount in
thirty-one counties (three counties were
omitted, no returns having been made),
paid to Trial Justices ivnd their constables
was $16,072.00?equal to $1,486.19
for each county. The bulk of this expense
was incurred in the investigation
of petit larcenies and simple assaults.
Under no circumstances should a
Trial Justice have jurisdiction in cases |
of larceny, for no Court of less dignity i
than a Court of P.ecord should be au- <
thorized to deprive a citizen o? two of !
murf liirrtllv Afl frftTlfllisPS of !
citizenship, to wit: the right of voting
and the right of testifying in court.
Nor woiud the justice of the country
seriously suffer. if the number of simple
assaults investigated by Trial Justices
should bo greatly diminished; for a
number cf these prosecutions are instituted
fcr ?,o:ae other purpose than the
punishment of a public wrong, or the
vindication of the public justice.
In my judgment much of the trouble
ni-vw- oYno\t/*Ti(v?1 /vn o/winnT, r?f tile Trial
?- T-~
Justice system will be relieved by dividing
the Trial Justices into Judicial and
Ministerial Trial Justices. Both should
have civil jurisdiction as now prescribed
by. law.
There should be une Judicial Trial
Justice for each county, to be located at
the Court House; he should. be paid a
reasonable salary, and should not be
allowed costs or fees in criminal -cases;
he should have criminal jurisdiction as
i now provided by law, excepting cases of
petit larceny; he should be required to
"hear and determine" all cases sent to j
him by the Ministerial Trial Justice:-;.
Ministerial Trial Justices iu criminal
| matters should have the jurisdiction only
! of "Committing Magistrates;" that is to
I say, they should have authority to issue
-.variants, cause arrests tu be made, investigate
offenses, and commit, or bind
over for trial; if upon investigation they
find the matter to be 'without the jurisuiction
of the Court of Sessions, they
should be required to forward the record
to the Judicial Trial Justice. Thus can
be accomplished the purposes of a County
Court without incurring the expense
* -- ^
I mciueui. luativ.
' This is a most important subject, and
X commend it- to your attention, in the
confident assurance that it will receive
j the careful consideration vrlrlch its importance
demands, and that proper reme-_
! ! II ! !! II ? I I " I 111 I .imniiiB ,ir a/?.i=z
1 uios -a-ill be provided for those evils
i which are uow tlie cause of great and
1 just complaint.
THE TKAXSPOKTATIOK OF PJUSOXDIiS.
It may not be irrelevant in this connection
to refer to the expense incurred
annually by the Counties in the transportation
uf convicts to the Penitentiary;
The counties do not receive any portion
of the income derived from the labor or
r-nm-iffy :>r:<1 should bear no r>art of the
expense of their delivery to the peniten- j
tiary. Besides, the Superintendent, with J
his regularly employed and experienced
guard force, can very much mo re cheaply
convey prisoners to the Penitentiary
than can the sheriffs.
I applied to each Board of County
Commissioners in the State for a .statement
of the expanse incurred in 1 unsporting
prisoners to the Penitentiary. I
thus ascertained that it cost one County
C"-)-. "(I on/'! ov.m- r> V If f <1 it!"' f.
creel to the jPcnitentiaiy, aggregating in
that county nearly $1,-100. A careful
estimate of the necessary cobfc of delivering
from the same county showed that
the prisoners could Lave been delivered
for .<3-12.SO. From another county tlie
expense thus incurred amounted to S10
for each convict; and in another county
s::id expense amounted to s?31.oi> for each
convict. Thh is a great wrong upon taxpayers,
and shouVi a; remedied.
J. 1 VUVlLLlliUWl UC KJ t rtiX .Xtc j
requiring the Clerks of tbe Courts, upon '
the adjournment of the Courts of Sessions,
tc notify the Superintendent of the
Penitentiary of the number oi' persons
sentenced to imprisonment in i >e Penitentiary,
and requiring tbe Superintendent
to provide for their transportation.
The Governor congratulates the peo
}>!e on the decision of the Uuifccd States
Supreme Couit touching the Revenue
JJond Sciip. He discusses ihe public
schools, and asks the attention of the
Legislature to the report of the State
ouperinienueni 01 j^uueiiiiou. xzc recommend*
the main .-nance or the Citadel
and tiic College, but thiuks 1 bat in
the latter tuition, should be live to those
only who are iiuable to p: v. He makes
no recommendation as to the Columbia
Canal. He cal's attention io the tendency
of railroad companies to remove
their olfc\ ?$ fa? bevoud the limits of the
State, and to the running of traijs on
Sundry. He alludes to t!i2 Charleston
eartbuiv.ike, rod hopes-the legislature
may nad measures of relief?at the same
tinK! urgijg the lx)dy to memoiialize
Congress to complete the jetties in the
harbor. He recommends an appropria
noil ior iue lu&iuv: ui u tciiina?umcss
the Legislator shall ratify ilie aiueudlutut
to the Constitution, voted at the
recent election, lakiug t je United States
census as a basis ior rppo. tioning representation
among the h3veral counties in i
the House uf Iveprcsentatircs.
ike i;3;>:i:kal a.sskmisly.
Uoth Houses Getting iteaiiv for the "Work !
of the Session.
Pursuant to the requirements of the
Constitution, the General Assembly of
? " i i r\-i 1_. I
^outii Carolina convenea ax ^oj uinuii' ua
Tuesday, the 2'Jd ult.
Tlie Senate was called to order by
Acting Clerk Lndette, and the roll was !
cjI led. The l ewly-elc ?ted Be1 ?{ovs were \
duly sworn in. Gen. James F. I/.iar was i
unanimous!}* elcctrd President pro tern., j
and. on taking the gavel, matie a biief j
address returning his thanks .'or the j
honor.
The first business in order was the i
election of a Clerk. The candidates for j
this place were Cu.pt. H. A. Gaillard, of j
Fairfield, 0. L. Scliumpert, Esq., of!
Newberry, Win. D. Martin, Esq., of;
Anderson, and A. L. Evans, Esq., of j
Clarion. On the nineteenth ballot the ]
choice "was narrowed do<vn to Messrs. j
Gaillard and Sehumpert. Capt. Gaiilard '
was elected by a vote of 19 to 18. He j
was sworn in accordingly.
CoL A. 1). Goodwvn was elected Head- j
iug Clerk and Mr. L. E. Marshall, of !
Columbia, was elected Sergeant-at-Arms j
?each without opposition. Mr. A. L. i
Evans was appoinied Assistant Cleric, i
und Mr. L. T. Levin .Journal Clerk.
The work of organization consumed |
the first day's session.
On Wednesday, most of the day was j
consumed in reading the Governor's j
message.
Among the bills of general interest in-1.
troduced in the Senate are?
By Senator Smytlie?A bill to amend
the law relating to the rights and liabilities
of married women.
By Senator Crews?Bill to double the i
royalty on phosphate rock.
The' House of Representatives was :
duly called to order by Clerk Sloan, and !
Mr. James Aldrich. of Aiken, was called !
to the chair. The enrollment members
consumed about an hour. The
next matter in order was the election of
Speaker. The candidates were the Hon.
James Simons, of Charleston, incumbent
for two terms past, and Dr. Sampson
Pope, member from Newberry.
Speaker Simons was elected by a handsome
majority ?Dr. Pope receiving but
eleven votes. The other incumbent
officers were all re-elccted without opposition?Col.
John T. Sloan, Sr., Clerk;
ii. M. Anderson, iceamng uierii; .jonn
i). Urown, Sergeant-at-Arms.
The subordinate officers were ail reappointed.
The Governor's message v/as received
and duly referred.
Among tV.e measures introduced are
the following:
By a''r. MeKissick, of Unio"?Bills to
abolish the salary of the Lieutenant
Governor; to reduce the salary of the
Chief Justice from Si, COO to So,500,
and the salaries of the Associate Justices
it"! tlia C!irrvnif- .Tndfws from S3.500 to
S3,000. Tiie \ Ills were properly referred.
NOTES OF TILE SESSION.
?Governor Sheppard's message is very
highly spoken of iu a1! quarters.
?The correspond it of the News and
Courier writes: "Farmer Tillman had
sent out cards of invitation to a conference
which was held in the dining room
of the old Columbia Botel on Thursday
night, and the result of which was only
obtainable to-day. The subject of the
conference was. of course, the platform
of the recent Farmers' Convention, the
principal topics of diseussion being the
establishment of an agricultural college
and the transfer of the management of
the Agricultur 1 Taroati to the Farmers
I Convention. The meeting was nnani!
inous^v in favor of tho establishment of
j the coliegc, provit1 I it could be clone
j without an increase in the taxcr. It is
I also said that a majority of the members
i present expressed themselves in favor of
j the transfer of the bureau to the Farmi
ers' Convention. Tixe Columbia Canal
j was also discussc J, but without arriving
j at any definite conclusion."
?The election of a successor to .Judge
j Cothran (who will vacate his place on
j the 1st of February) is already attracting j
' 1'Plia ?ion. I
J iliucu AUU/'ico:. JLUV ,
tioned for the place are: Messrs. E. H.
Gravdon and Wm. R. Parker, of Abbeville,
T. Q. Donaldson, of Greenville.
J. B. Norton, oi' Walhalla, and B. F.
Whitner, of Anderson. The contest
promises to be an interesting one.
?The term of the Superintendent of
the Penitentiary also expires soon, and
the vacancy must be filled during the
I i t?acp ammHoaBMaai vsaaaaaaBBnmi m?
fpresent .session. It is expected ibat Col.
t i'hos. Lipscomb, the incumbent, Col.
j -T. K. ivinsler, of Richland,- Mai. ?). JJ.
j White, ox Marion, Mr. X. C. Robertson,
of Faiiliclcl, and perhaps others will be
candidates for the new term.
Oi. il MEXICAN AIINj-TKK ^ TKOttllM.'
It is lie-port< .! tlusi Stre-nuows KU'orts were
Made to J'n-wBi l'u!>!ie:ilioj!.
Chicago, November 24.?The Times
publishes ii City of Mexico dispatch saying:
"The American colony in this city
is profoundly agitated over an affair
which became public yesterday, and.
which touches American pride tu v. degree
even surpassing the Sedgwick : 'lair.
"This story, in brief, is to the effect
that the new Ame:rican Minister, Hon.
Thomas K. Manning, of Louisiana, has
fallen .1 viftim to the relentless enemv oi
Sedgwick. Just how the full particulars
have become so thoroughly known uocs
not armaar, for the reason that no one
desires to assume the responsibility of
first making known the condition of the
Minister. Last Thursday afternoon Mr.
Manning attended a dinner given in his
honor by M. L. Guirard, one of the
leading members of the American, colony
and son-in-law o: the late Minister Morgan.
Guirard is a Louisiana Frenchman,
and ntproscnt holds the responsible po.r
1 ?*i- AT... -vr^;
MUOII Ui vjrciiUiiiv ui tin; jxuaican
Telephone Company. Many of the
most distinguished -Mexican politicians
and backers were present at the banquet
to meet the new Minister. At the conclusion
c: the banquet Judge Manning
repaired to his rooms, and was not again
seen on the street until yesteiday. Friday,
Saturday and Sundry he was reported
by the Secretary of Legation and
others as being iil and confined to his \
room. Jo is now stated, hov,-ever, that
the distinguished gentleman, during four
entire days following the banquet, was in
a frenzied state, and continued to indulge
so freely that his Secretary and the interv?rvf
!> ?T/Aoli'rti lvi*of
vviiavi xj.v> l i cuu^v " i*ww
he was doing. Humors of Lis condition
began 0 leak out, it is thought, through
the seruaiis; possibly through the interpreter.
The Secretary of Legation called
on an old member of the American
colony, and together they tin ally succeeded
by liberal use of medicines in
bringing the Minister to realize his situation.
As soon as Mr. Manning realized
what had transpired, lr : Secretary visited
the newspaper ouices and correspondents
and tried to induce them to say nothing
about the matter. The Secretary made
liis rnnn/ls "\TrnirJav nVtm-rmnn bin, met
with sach poor success tliat he advised
Mr. Manniug to cp 11 in a more experienced?;riend
who I;uew the newspaper
men. i'lii's gentleman, who is au America:},
labored iiard to suppress mention of
the affair, and succeeded for the time
being by making strong pledges in the
name of Judge ^fanning thai the occurrence
would not be repeated. Owing to
the fact that ibe Minister's wife and
daughter were due to arrive by yesterday
morning's train, they suppressed the
story, provided the matter did not become
notorious throughout the city,
when further attempts at concealment
ttwmI/I imn/VcirtlVlA Tine a ovvm or* f I
was made Monday evening, but Tuesday
the story Lad become so thoroughly j
spread over the city that '.he correspond-j
cats considered themselves released from j
their agreement to withhold it from the i
American papers, especially as telegrams
had been received meantime i'rom papers
in ihe United States showing that they
had cognizance through some source of
the affair. .Judge Manning yesterday
sent word that he had determined to face
the music, and had already cabled Secretary
Bayard the truth, and ivouid abide
the result. The Minister feels his position
keenly. His estimable wife and
daughter arrived vesterdav. and the news
was told them by the .Judge himself.
Guirard, at whose table the banquet was
given, is severely censured. He is the
same man who introduced Envoy Sedgwick
to members of the famous Jockey
Club. It is thought on all sides that the ,
unfortunate event will in all probability
lead to an early resignation of Minister
Manning."
Huabumls ami Wives.
It has been' remarked that there are
six "Ifs," by any of which a stranger
may know a man and a woman to be husband
and wife. These rules, it is said,
are infallible in just interpretation.
They may be resorted to with confidence
as they are deduced from everyday experience:
1. If you see a gentleman and lady
disaGTee urcon trilling occasions, or cor
reeling each other in company, you may
be assured they have tied the matrimonial
noose.
It you see a silent pair in a hackney
or any other coach lolling carelessly,
one at each window, without seeming to
know tbey have a companion, the sign
is infallible.
3. If you see a lady drop lier glove
and a gentleman by the side of her kindly
telling her to pick it up, you need
not hesitate in forming your opinioh; or
4. It you see a lady presenting a gentleman
with anything carelessly, her
head ii; ?lined another way, and speaking
to him with indifference; or,
5. If you meet a couple in the fields,
the gentleman twenty yards in advance
of the lady, who perhaps is getting over
a stile with difficulty, or picking her way
tlirougii a muddy path; or,
G. If you see a gentleman particularlv
courteous, obliging fd good-natured,
relaxiug into smiles, saying smart tilings
to every pratty woman in the room ex
cepting one, to whom lie appears particularly
reserved, cold and lormai, and
is uni.jasonably cross?who that one is
nobody can be at a loss to discover.
-ITJ jlliw
How a. Takes OIf its Old
When a spider is preparing to molt, it
stops eatirsg for several days and fastens
itself by a short line of web to one of
tlie main lines of its snare, which holds
it firmly while it proceeds to undress.
The skin cracks all around the thorax
and is held only by the front edge. .Next
the abdomenis uncovered. Now comes
the. struggle to free the legs; it works and
kicks vigorously, nod seems t<> have very
hard work. But eontinucd perseverance'
of about 11:teen minutes brings it out of
the 'old dress, and it seems almost lifeless,
and is limp and he'i less for several
minutes, but gradually come-j back to
lite and looks brighter and prettier than
before. To young people, aucl even to
little children, it is an operation of e:-;j
treiue-interesi. Tuy Iitt1e nephev.- watched
the nio!ti:?g of a nearly lull-grown pet
! spider; and ran to his" mother, saying:
! 'vJamtia, my spider undressed and hung
his dress on a line."?Wide Awake.
.\o Money to Pay Interest.
Philadelphia. November 24.?There*F
tiw. .-.nrl T?o?<Hn?T
yji. tin; ->
railroad linvc- announced that as there is no
money on hand applicable to the payment
of interest on the consolidated bonds due
on December 1. t!i?- same will not lie paid.
The receivers further Stated that they expected
the plan of reorganization to be pub
lished soon, and the interest would then be
provided for. The oiler of the Drexeis to
pay it r onlJl not be accepted.
REBUKE TO A PARTISAN.
I-KKMDKNT Ci.KV5-H.AMs-> UKS'IA Ti)
thi-: AfrKAi. ?>; ?u:.
j ( uvcrmtifiii <>f):c?-rs i?- !.o\.:^ ::> <!
Attend !i> Ii.itv?A (' car Knitnrh'ii;i:: <if
t?i?* Political Policy of the \<!ini;i?^? i:tt!<> >.
Washington, November 21.?The fuilowing
correspondence relative to the
case of William A. Stone, the suspended
| District Attorney i'or tlie "Western DLs|
trict of Pennsylvania, was made public
: this afternoon:
mi:, stone's appeaj,.
PiTTSBUiio, November IS,
jiuit. .L. 11. {jami/iu, jtiior:i<:i
Sik: I l-ave road corresponde/ace between
the President and Kuii. 21. E.
lien to i), United States attorney con-'
nected with his re.st'.>rr.t;: )n to oilier, in
which it appears that he v.as suspended
oifice for his appa rent neglcct of
/. rA ^ 1 -1-r, ? ?... 1 -in or fm
UUIUUO XiX HUii
speeches. Presumably, my suspension
was ordered for tbe same ivason. I desire.
therefore, to state th.e facts in my
case. I made but two sj: ct ches prior ti the
receipt of the order <>;' suspension:
one at Butler, in an aujjobdng county,
t on the evening of Oct<>1 >.ir I, and one at
Kittanning, a town near to Pittsburg,
011 tbe evening of October '2.
I did nut leave Pittsburg fur Butler
until nearly -i- o'clock Oe toi>er I, and returned
on the morning of October 2
about 0 o'clock. I left, Pittsburg lor
t~'? i t- a? l r
junannmg oaniruay. v? souer ^ auuui o
o'clock, p. in., ami rot- nried the same
night. Upon both of he above dates
the United States Courts, here were not
in session except a short time in the
morning of each day f< >r ordinary motions.
I was in attendance upon the
courts during their sittings, and did not
leave the city upon cither occasion until
long afte. the con its h ad adjourned. On
October ?S the United Siates Jjistrict
Court began its session, at Pittsburg for
the trial of jui/ causes, a petit and grand
jury being in lutenuauee. From October
2 until Octobc : 131 was engaged in
preparing United Stales causes lor trial,
and from October 18 uutil October 27,
the date of the receipt of the order of
suspension, I was engage:! in the trial of j
these cause. Neither during this period
from October 2 to October 27, nor at any
other time did I ju any particular neglect
the duties of my oif.ee. These statements
may be verified by inquiry of any
oiKcer of our courts. I feel it my duty,
alter reading the correspondence between
the President and iir. Benton, to
strttfi'thesf; faftfc? in iiistice to mvself. and
respectfully request that this com muniCutioi'
be roferred'to the President.
I may also add i uit I did not think
that making an occasion:-1 campaign |
spceca to my neighbors, while not neglecting
the duties of my oiiice, would be
a violation of the -Pre^ideot s order of
rfuly 30, ISSij. Very respectlnlly. your
obed'ent servant,
y WjIiLTAil A. STOXE. ,
71IE I'KESICEXT'S ANSWEE.
? - _ ?,. I
Executive JJLansio>", ^ov. j.z, issii. j
lion. A. J!. Garland. Attorney General:
jDs/a&a?I have read the letter of j
the 18th inst., written to yon by William j
ilr'bton .,, lately suspended from oiiice as
District Attorney for the Western District
of Pennsylvania, and the subject
matter to which it refers has received my
careful consideration. I shall not impute
to the writer any .mischievous motive
: i his plainly erroneous assumption
that his case and that of 31. E. Uenton. j
- ? -it i * j i 1
recently suspenaeu ana rcinsiaiea, rest
upon tiie same state of facts; but prefer
to regard liis letter as containing the
best statement possible upon the question
of his reinstatement.
You remember, of course, that soon
alter the present administration was installed,
and, I think nearly a year and a j
half ago, I considered with you certain
charges which had been preferred
against Mr. Stone as a Federal official.
You rember, too, that the action we then
contemplated was-withheld by reason of
the excuses and . explanations of his
friends. These excusesand explanations
induced me to believe that Mr. Stone's
retention would insure a faithful performance
of official duty; and that whatever
offensive partisanship he had
deemed justifiable in other circumstances,
he would during his continuance'in
office at his request, under an ad
ministration opposed to mm m political
creed and policy, content himself with, a
quiet and unobtrusive enjoyment of Jiis
political privileges. I certainly supposed
that his sense of propriety would
cause him to refrain from pursuing such
a partisan course as would wantonly
oft'end and irritate the friends of the administration
who insisted that he should
not be retained in office, either because
of his personal mexit or in adherence to
the methods which for a long time had
prevailed in the distribution of Federal
offices.
In the light of a better system, and
without considering the political affiliations,
Iilr. Stone, when permitted to remain
in office, became a part of the business
organization of the present administration,
bound by every obligation of
honor to assist, within his sphere, in its
successful operation. This obligation
involved not only the proper i>eri'ormance
of official duty, but a certain good
faith und fideity winch, while not oxaciing
the least sacritice of political principle,
forbade active participation in purely
partisan demonstrations of a pronounced
type, undertaken for the pur
pose 01 advancing partisan uueresis. unci
conducted upon the avowed theory that
the administration of the government
was not entitled to the coniidence and
respect of the people. There is no dis
pute whatever concerning the .'fact that
.Mr. Stereo did join others who were campaigning
the State of Pennsylvania in
opposition to the administration. It appears.
too. that he was active and prominent
with noisy enthusiasm in attendance
upon, at least two large public meetings;
that the speeches st"sucii- meetings
'.vere largely devoted to abirse and mis|
representation of the administration;
that lie approved all tiiLs and actually
aduressed the meetings himself, in somewhat
the .same strain; that lie attended
such meetings away from his. home for
the purpose of making such addresses,
and that he was advertised as one of the
speakers at each of said meetings.
I shall accept as true the statement of
3Ir. Stone that-the time spent by hirnin
thus demonstrating his wihingn^'to
hold a prolitable oliice at the hands' of
the adm inistration which he endeavored,
to discredit with the people, uud wilieh
had kindly overlooked his pievio1^
offenses, did not result in the neglect of
ordinary oliicia! duty. But his conduct
lvic lYrrmcrnt +/-. lin-lif cn/?1i or> rmfriivn/IK.
ness toward the administration which lie I
pretends to serve and of which he is
nominally a part, and such a subcociuent
lack of loyal interest hi its success, that
the safest and surest guaranty of bis
faithful service is, in my opinion, entirely
wanting. His course, in itself!
such as should not have been entered j
upon while mainriining oHIcial relations
to the administration, also renews and
revives, with unmistakable interpretation
j oi' their character and intent, the charges
1 of offensive paitisansh.p heretofore made
! and up t<> this time held in abeyance.
r-ir. Stone and others of like disposition
are not to suppose liiat party lines
are so far obliterated that the administration
of the government i.-: to be trusted
in places high or letv to those who aggressively
and constantly endeavor, ana-'
. ? 1? X_ ? x
lainv. to Ut'SUUV tilt; UtJUiiucucc yji ui\.
people in the party responsible for such
administration. While vicious partisan
methods should not he allowed for rarI
tisan purposes to degrade or injure the
public service, it is ray belief that nothing
tends so much to discredit our
efforts, in the interest ui suck service, to
| treat fairly and generously the official
incumbency of political opponents as
conduct such as is here disclosed.
The people of this country certainly
Jo.not require the best results of administrative
endeavur to l>e readied with
such, agencies as these.
Upon a full consideration oi' all I have
before me. I am constrained to decline
the application oi' 31r. Stone for his reinstatement!
I inclose his letter with this, and desire
you to acquaint him with my decision.
Yours truly,
Gkovej: Cleveland.
tmk. mimc sx tsjj-: cocoam't.
j V\'iiy (Vriaiii Piijitrs Attack J'iVMdriit
Cli'vcl;i!)i! ? 2 V rxcial
:n:<! tin: "rc>iili:!tt's i'ir:iiiic?s ;n?<! Tiici;*
instills.
(Letter to tiie >".*w York Siar.)
Washixgtox. November lii.?The secret
of the hostility which certain alleged
! Democratic newspapers betray toward
I rfio administration, which is daily be
coming more bitter in tone, has never yet
been maue public. Your correspondent
happens to liavc pretty thorough and authentic
information on the subject, and
will give it as a contribution to history.
The hostility of Mr. I)aua is of early
d;:te. "When Mr. Cleveland was elected
Governor of New York, Mr. Dana made
an urgent request that he appoint Mr.
Franklin Bartlett on his staff' as Judge
Advocate General. Shortly after this
request was made, and when Mr. Dana
was thinking his friend would certainly
get the appointment Mr. Chas. McCune,
late proprietor of the Buffalo Courier,
\ happened to be at the Manhattan Club
j reception to the Governor elect. "Under
| the exuberance of the vine and the occa!
sion. McCune chaffed young Bartlett
about Lis expectations. "You will not
get that appointment,7' said br. "There
is a man who is move influential with the
j administration than Dana. It is Henry
Ward JBeecher, and he is backing Horatio
C. Xing." King was appointed and
Dana at once commenced war.
Soon after this, however, Mr. Cleveland
conceived the idea of Laving a select
dinner party at Albany, and concluded
he would invite M-. Dana. He
accordingly commissioned IJY. Manning I
to approach Dana on the subject, which,
was done, and the editor of the Sun said
he would go. & :. Manning then told j
him that the Governor would fix a date
and send him an invitation. Time passed
on, the date was not fixed, the imitation
was not sent, and that ]. ititular dinner
was never given; beuee i Lese tears..
Pulitzer's grievances are also of a!
purely personal nature. He went to
Washington after the inauguration with j
his fami!y, notified members of the Cabinet
that he was there, <* ad expected both
the Cabinet oilicers and the ladies of their
households iu call on him and his, which
they did not do. Pulitzer was also somewhat
disappointed at his reception at the
White House. He had to wait his turn,
like other mortals who had made much
better records in the army and out of it.
The fact that he had been a deserter did
not help him.
Then the Indianapolis Sentinel man,
tvIio is r aw so hot in the collar, was an
applicant for ollice, which he did not get,
ami the same is true of the Alexandria
editor, from whose obscure newspaper
the "World and bun quote with so much
satisfaction, though it > doubtful if
either Dana or Pulitzer knew ir's name
or the name of his paper before i': commenced
to attack the President.
The Courier-journal's hostility can
also be traced is personal grievances.
Watterson had done much loose talk
during the campaign, never missed an
opportunity to depreciate ilr. Cleveland,
and, there is much evidence to show,
privately preferred the election of Blaine,
though Haldern.an would not allow him
to destroy the paper by betraying this
preference in its editorial columns. After
Cleveland was eiecieu anu iimufjuiiucu,
Watterson was exceedingly anxious to
make peace with the new and unexpected
poweis in Washington. He accordingly
wrote to his friends in different portions
of the country who were also friends of
the President, and through them secured
something of a favorable reception. He
got a -?p in the way of getting a friend
or two appointed to office, and he wrote
letters to the Courier-Journal exalting
the new President, endorsing his civil
service views antl. indeed, all other views
which the President was supposed to
hold, and was almost offensively effusive
and gushing in his admiration of 3Ir.
Cleveland, lUiss Cleveland, the Cabinet
and everything connected with the admimsdration.
Due when it came to securing the important
appointments in Kentucky, the
gallant Harry got left. They were made
without reference to Henry's wishes.
Still there was no open breach, as the
postmaster at Louisville had not been
appointed, ai_ J on that position Haiderman,
the proprietor of the CourierJournal,
had fixed his fancy. He wanted
the position tilled by some henchman of
his own. the subordinate places crowded
with his indigent kin, and the institution
itself converted into a machine for the
furtherance of purely personal and selfish
ends. This plan was defeated by the
appointment of Airs. Thompson.
The v?ar is therefore inaugurated by
Haldeman, and Watterson must be the
ti"iire-head in the tirrlit. To reject Hal
demand hate and to further his vengeance,
he has been compelled to go back
on his record and the record of the paper
in favor of the civil service law. and to
recall ah the gush he so lavishly bestowed
upon the victims of his new-bom attachments.
It will be .seen that lh'" change in the
tone of these papers springs from no demand
of public sentiment, but from tie i
personal piques and disappointments of I
v/' control tb^m Thorn k r,.,f
one of the editors iu question who could
not have been concilia''".1 vu-who$e active
support could not baveboen sccuredhad
the iVcjiden; o^-ea disi>opod to subordinate
Lis i>.usc ox duty to tho gratification
oi their wish**. 'i'iieir 1-osuiity, under
the circumstances, is an honor to iiim,
and will be so regarded by the masses of
his coimtrpnen. He simp?v preferred
their hostility to the forfeit oi' his pledgee
to his party and the people. He has lost
their friendship, but he ha-:. [retained his
own self-rtspect. the dignity of ids oliiee
and the confidence of the public.
The inherent and unconscio is eonscrvaI
tism there is in :dmost all d:ts?cs of our
I people is very Jauoii givate. than the fessi
mists :in<l "lo^-t philosophers imagine.
>
j THE STORY OF A "FREAK."
i thk >;naki;-k]x(;ei;k!) man" in
> 1'x'oni) <;i;nj:kaxi?jn.
i
! <"iiUcsalt of a Horrible I'loi to Make
i Deformity a. Smircc c>r Ueveiiue--A < :?-?
11 Inst * atinq: the Pro-Natal iiitiuosHV--A
J Horrible lis;- Ke>ult.
fw'pociaI :o the St. Lo::is Globe-Democrj: )
I Philadelphia, November ! >.?The
! medical profession of this city are inter'
ested in a remarkable case which is now
! engaging the attention of three of the
' most eminent professors in the Universi|
tv of Pennsylvania. There is probably
i no parallel recorded in the books, and
the long discussed question of pre-natal
influence has received a corroboration
that cannot but fail to convince its most
skeptical opponents. The case is interesting,
not only to medical men, but to
tlie public generally, inasmuch as it relates
a strange story of how greed for
wealth and fame caused two persons to
| imperil two lives.
I Antoine Bellini, a Genoese, known in
! the show business as Tony Ballentine,
j was married fifteen years :igo to Maria
Griggs, who was then a bareback rider
in Kobinson's circus. Bellini was an
acrobat. After their marriage the pair
went to England and from thence to
France, where they engaged in their respective
lines of business. They re- j
turned to America in 187G. At that time
there was a great demand among proprietors
of side-shows and museums for j
- i j_v - x . 3^.1
ireaKS. -uiuie unnstme, uie iwo-ueiiueu
girl, was at that time under the management
of William Smith, and was drawing
a weekly salary of $400. Charley j
Tripp, the armless man, and Ann Leake,
the armless woman, were receiving the
extraordinary salary of $200 a week each.
Those remarkable little dwarfs, known
as the "Wild Men of Barneo, were bringing
in a weekly income of $(>00 to their
manager. Even the Azuec children, Tom
and Ilattie, were valuable pieces of
property, aud readily commanded about
the same sum..
A HOIiRIBLE lt>EA.
It was in tlie early part of 1877 uiien
Beiiini became imbued with tlie idea that
there was an immense fortune awaiting
the man who could produce a freak that
should eclipse all other freaks either in
hideousness or oddity, \vith this thought
uppermost Bellini subjected himself to a
most painful mutilation. He sealed and
b.u-ned his thumb and the three fingers
i on each side of his index lingers with
sulphuric acid, suffering the most agonizing
pain. His intent was to cause the
thumb and fingers to slough off. and, incredulous
as it may apjjear, he endured
tlie torture for nearly a week. He was
then taken to a private hospital 011 West
Forty-ninth street, New York, by his
own request, and there i.sked that the
mutilated portion of his hands be amputated.
This was refused, and an eftort
was made to heal up the sore, but
Bellini was persistent, and upon the absolute
refusal of the surgeons to do what
he wanted them to do, he left the hospital,
and, either by tiireats or entreaties,
induced his wife to perform the
operation that the New York surgeons
refused to'consider. He came to Phila
? ?* * a r 1__ - "> n
ueipnia, ana xor liearjv n year uveu izi
the southern section of the city, subsisting
upon the little hoard that he had
managed to save in England.
In the spring of 1S7S Bellini opened
what is known in Philadelphia as a
' 'hummer shop/' that is,a groggery where
whiskey is sold for from three to six
cents a glass. His hands had then healed
up and presented a most curious apj^earance.
There, was nothing but one long
finger to eac h of them, and the tip had
been so broadened by use as to give
them the appearance of the head of an
adder. By means of hand bills Bellini
advertised himself throughout the
neighborhood as the snake-linger man;
and people >ame from great distances to
see him. He managed to obtain several
engagements with small side-shows trav
cling with Bamum's^ circus, but the
freak market was then pretty well flooded.
and he did not begin to realize what
he thought he would.
PERFECT DOMESTIC ILVKMO.W.
It was at this time that Bellini entered
into a most extraordinary compact with
bis wife. He was n man of some little
education, and, having studied for the
medical profession in his early youth,
had a smattering of physiology ami
anatomy, ilrs. Bellini was so thoroughly
in accord with her husband's ideas
that she was perfectly -willing to become
the mother of a monstrosity, if nature
could be coerced into bringing forth
such an unnatural being. Beliini manufactured
a hideous looking aliair, which
might resemble either an alligator or a
Chinese idol, and for several weeks in
succession he would awaken his wife
from a sound sleep and suddenly thrust
this uncanny object in front of her. In
December, 1878, the woman gave birth
to a male child. It was perfectly formed
and far more beautiful as to its physical
development than cither father or mother.
Bellini, then realized that the theory
which he Lad formed was wrong, be- j
*v. /-\ 4-11 av n-n c ^\vnr\.ivA/l I
UaUOC l-I tv >? C*0 XV-ri |
surprises and it made no mental impression
upon her. Bellini then told his
wife tliut he would abandon this idea
and that thsy would thereafter gain their
living outside of the show business. This
was only a blind. Nineteen months after
the birth of the first child Mrs. Bellini
was called 1o the front door one day,
and when she opened it she was confronted
by a most repulsive object. It
was a blind man whose sightless orbs
were turned towards her eyes, and whose
outstretched hands each clutched a
writhing snake. The woman started
back in aflright and i'ell in a' faint in the
entry. When she recovered the blind
man ana uis snaises nau. disappeared,
but the woman's husband came into the
house a few'moments afterwards, his
face beaming with pleasure. The day
slipped by and the Snake-finger man
said nothing further aber.'c t^e agr^.
ment he had made some twe ve^^s ^c_fore.
THE STABIUXO KESULT.
Mrs. Beilyni for a second time became
a mullier. Her child was a girl and a
most extraordinary creature. Not only
was it sightless, *.. *it that portion of the
face whore the eyis ought to be was as
smooth as the v.dm of a man's hand, j
Dr. liidlar l, who was the acco\ehcur,
was so interested in the case that he called
in two other physicians, Dr. A. S.
Brown and George M. Button. The little
stranger was not only totally blinu,
but its hands were strangely malformed.
There seemed to te simply an elongation
of the forearm, a straight piece of
flesh ending in a linger naii. There was
no joint, and the only movement that
the child could make was at the wrist.
It was determined at the expiration of
six w'.cas to penora: an operation on
the cliild's face and to cut into the flesh
under the frontal bones of the skuli, to
see whether the child by this means
could be given its sight. Bellini had
i been very assiduous in liis attention to
j his wife and babe,. and when this sugi
gestion was broached to him he made
j the most strenuous objection. The doc;
tors thought that fcae man was either
j drunk or crazy, and by a clever strataj
gem one day managed to get him to .
| take a trip to a distant part of the citv.
i t\ i mi. -
j JJlUing uis a-usence iixe upexauuu v*i?
j performed, but to the intense amazement
of the surgeons there was no eyehall
underneath the flesh. Upon Bellini's
return he became furious when he
learned what had taken place, but cooled
down and exhibited the greatest joy
when told tiiat his child was signuess
and would ever be so. He then confessed
to Dr. Ballard that it had been his ^
wish and desire for years to become the
father of almost any monstrosity that
would excite the attention of the medical
profession and the public. He had
hoped, he said, that the babe might be
even m< >re of a monster, but that he was
very well satisfied as it was. Strangely
enough his wife appeared to be as much
pleased as he, and begged that the surgeons
should make no attempt to interfere
with the extraordinary malformation.
The ease became known among
the associates of the two physicians who
wore in attendance, and the child was
carefully watched from the time of its ,
birtli until now. Last week Bellini and
the blind snake-lingered child, together
with the mother appeared before a clinic
where the strange story was told, and
now for the first time it is made public.
KATiONS FOR LIVESTOCK. I
How i ooil Should be Proportioned for ?
Animals ou :t Fann. fl
(W. L. Jones in Atlanta Constitution.) 9
111 last week's issue it was stated that
a portion of animals food was burned in fl
its body to keep up its normal amount Jfl
of heat. This suggests the idea that . ffl
different ingredients of the food supply
different wants. In a work animal a
part of the food is needed to furnish
force or power, a part to replace wasted
or used up muscle, and a part to supply
heat. In a milk cow the muscles are
not much wasted, and little muscular
force is expended, but the heat of the
body has to be kept up, and the material
which contributes to the formation of
milk must be supplied. It is evident,
therefore, in a general way, that a differently
adjusted food would be called for
1\r* rli-Pf^T-rfvnf /?locc^c r\f otmtyxjIc on/1 f.Viofc
where there is an excess of any one ingredient
above its proper ratio to the
others, in any given case, it would be
practically lost or wasted. Not only the
animal's excretory organs would have
the unnecessary burdens of getting rid
of it, but in an economical point of view,
in the matter of dollars and cents, there
would be actual loss.
Admitting this to be true, it may be
asked how can we find out the several
rations adaoted to working animals, to
fattening animals, to animals not at
work, to milk animals and so on. The
answer is by experiment?by trying
differently compounded rations, noting
results as* shown in the. animal's health,
ability to work, increase or loss of
weight, yield of milk, etc., and at the
same time by analyzing the excrets, to
ascertain if an excess of any ingredient
has passed off through them. Now, a <(r
farmer could not well carry out such ex
periments, but it has been done for "hi
by agricultural experiment stations, particularly
those of Germany. Fortunately
this is a case where locality does not
affect results. Conclusions reached in
Germany would be equally true and correct
in America. The experiments alluded
to have been r>erformed with erreat
care. Animals have been kept during
the experiment in air-tight chambers,
through which the necessary fresh air is
carrieu, and all the foid air which passes
out is collected and analyzed, to find
what the animal appropriated from the
fresh air, and what it throws off by its
lungs and the pores of its skin, into the
i'oul air. At the same time the excrets,
both solid and liquid, are most carefully
collected and analyzed. The food given
the animal was carefully weighed, and
its composition ascertained, by analysing
some of exactly the same land. We
sycuii. uow iiul oi one, uui ux many experiments
of tliis character made by
different parties. The a verage results of
all will be given below.
But before doing this, it may be stated
that there are three leading components
of food; one in which nitrogen is an important
element, two others in which
there is no nitrogen. The first is termed
ad albuminous substance, or for convenience
and brevity, "protein;" the
second, because carbon and hydrogen
ATV th V ttm /- nno+i+nnn+o
? ... V V-?w* WMWUAVUVUlUj ax t/
called "hydrocarbons;" tlie tiiiid is the
well known substance fat. The hydro
carbons embrace substances as starch,
sugar and gums. Protein replaces wasted
muscle, and supplies material for growth
in young animals. It also is the source
of the cheesy portion of milk. Hydroc.irbons
and fat are the sources of heat,
of power and 01 the fat which is laid up
hi the animals body. With these explan
'.ory remarks, the results of actual
tests may now be given. Supposing an
animal to weigh 1,UOO jc-ounds the best
results are obtained, when it digests and
appropriates out of its food per day:
Hydro
Protein. Carbon. Fat.
ATi os at rest . . lbs. 8.01:8. 0 15 lbs.
Ait ox mediately worked..1.5 lbs. 11.3 lbs. 0.30 lbs.
Utrsc-worked . .1.5 lbs. 9.1 lbs. 0 30 lbs.
Horre heavily worked . .2.S lbs. 13.4 lbs. 0.80 lbs- i
Alilk cow . . . .2.5 lbs. 12.5 lbs. 0.40 lbs.
Fattening ox . . .3.0 lbs. 14.8 lbs. 0.70 lbs.
If animals weigh more or less than
1.000 pounds, tlie quantities in above
table must be correspondingly increased
or diminished. But a farmer may ask
how can I know how much of these respective
substances are contained in
digestible form in the various kinds o?
food I give my animals. Tables giving
tills information are now to be 'ound in
various publications: D. -^P^eton & Co.,
of New York, publish 3, little pocket
manual, entitled "Tb^ banners' Armnfl-I
Hand ijook,' wlr,,^ contains such tables,
together Vith much other valuable
iniornratio^ vdiich it would be well for
every %Tnier to have. It costs, we believe,
about 50 cents, and is therefore
within the reach of alL
Looking at the above table, we find
that the amo.unt of the several ingredients
nf fiwl fnr ft, milV rrsvr
iic u-iv the same as that for a heavily
wjrked horse ot equal weight; the most
marked difference is intlic amount of fat.
'J'his would hardly have been expected,
inasmuch as the cow as a butter producing
animal would seem especially to
need fat. It will ba observed that she
does require a very liberal supply of that
substance, however, standing tnird Highest
in the list. The heavily worked horse
does not lay up i'iit in his tissues, neither
does he produce anything rich in. fat like
milk; the extra amount of fat in his case
is used up hi producing muscu&r power.
Experiments in this case, as in many
others, upsets preconceived notions.
Again, it is obvious that, if either of the
three ingredients m the food be in. excess
of the amount indicated in the table, the
***** * ii. J A__I_ ij.
ciZjiiiiiii jia? u<j ucui iui xi, uuts not use It,
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