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_ jj m i , hi. i i 11. .? u l um i. | mmmmmt VOL. XLII. WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1885. ^ J NO. 18. The Buried Mother. Out t?y the wjiiJs of a: Danish town The triav. s stood co d as the night came down. , The Amcitip prayer had lonsr been said. -And th<- beii tolled out the psaim for tbe dead; . '**%, It swunsr for a while from the darkening ^ MeepJc. *&i~l ^ "Out ol tin* ilrplh?," gaid priest and people, 1 hrongh r.:l fiic* c!opc-se: tonn and towers. The doors wen? shut for the silent hours. But a mother, buried for hulf a year, W oke with :j crying in her ear. She rose with the vague sleep still in her head And clad in she shroud that wraps tie dead. ] ?he left th<? cold grave under the walls, And took the strwt to her husband's halls. She felt her lonc-d'tirf losom sche. Fcr her seven ehi dren were all awake; And none had broken theui bread that night, Or poured them drink, or trimmed a light. And none had laid them pillow or sheet; The dust of the day was on their feet, Two Mrove for an empty cup, and one Was crying?that was her youngest son. She washed and kissed them, and hushed t WftJr r?rir?R* While the tears pressed cut of her lonjr-dead eyes. But tbeir father, who lay on a lower floor, Hail heard b< r steps in the corridor, And he rose and cmnc, and saw her stand With the children cliujrinjj to either hand. She s^iti "The crying smote my heart, Jt broke iny dreams < f death apart. 1 was ;otb to leave these seven. I died. w h?fi? I M'hAii thA ohilrl hnR cried? TaUf in t^. ere 1 pass to iny many dead: Y< tir eii;l ireu woke and hud n<> bread. No i'.rno lamp: two were nt strife: Ot:e i r.ed uncotaforted. Tell your wife." ?Matrcziuc of Art. wings. Many years ago. the community of a certain hamlet in the south of France was startled by a crime rare indeed in their quiet, agricultural district A wealthy farmer was found dead at early morning within a hundred yards of his own house. He had been killed by blows administered by a heavy stake, which lay near.the body covered with the blood; and his pockets had bet u rifled of their coutents, iueluding - ? onnv Af ii\Anni" lia 4.1 WVliOKlVi?VVIV - II Ui V4 IUVUVI ?? M.vii UV was known to have received the previous evening tor some sheep sold by i him in the neighboring market town. When the awe and excitement created by this event had subsided a little, every exertion was made by the authorities to ferret out the perpetrator cf ; the crime. A reward was offered for the discovery oi the murderer, proclamation of \v?i<M bounty was made for several successive Sundays at the chureii door. At last some disclosures w.ere made, implicating a young man named Lrtroche?a stripling eighteen years of age. The person who brought the charge against young Laroche was a man of the name of Landry?a stranger in the district, but Who had lately been appointed by the lord of tlie manor as one of the keepers of game preserves. L.ndry testified that he had seen La 1 *!? .? M I? A ItA.-l A.A LViSiiu cutcia dia&v num mo uvu^o | *" on the afteruoou previous to the murder, and that he hud reproved him for it, and, taking the stake from him, had stuck it on the bank of the hedsrc at a particular spot The stake was the same.one that was found lying near the body of the farmer. Landry could swear to it, because after taking it from Laroche, he had nicked it in a peculiar way* with his pen-knife. iNow, ic so nappeney. mat me murCdered farmer bad many and influential friends, while Larocne bad but few. Therefore Laroche was convicted of the murder, and sentenced to be hung on a certain day, and at a certain place, until which time he was placed for safe keeping in 'the jail of the dis^ trict?the third floor of a large stone building; the lower part of which was a ruiiL The prison consisted of a single apartment, lighted by a small window, at the height of about sixteen feet from the lioor. The side of the building from which the window looked, ran sheer down to the water of a dark,deep river, which creeps lazily by the mill, but quickened the pace a little lower down, until it gradually became a rushing torrent, ieapiug wildiy on to its fall over a perpendicular ledgo of rocks. Bodies carried over the fall were said to never have been recovered; and it was a fixed notion among tiic country people mac mere was ? suctional force below by which everything falling into it was carried down into the unexplored abysses of the earth. It was the day before that fixed for the execution of voun?r Laroche, and the priest of the parislT, Father Allard by name, had been left alone with the prisoner, in order to prepare him, by the consolation of religion, for his approaching doom. To his words of com- ; fort Laroche listened with humility ' and silence, until the good Father bogan to dilate upon his chances of forgiveness in the next worid forthe great ? crimo committed by him. Then the k r prisoner electrified him by declaring his perfect innocence of that crime?a position which he meant to maintain, he said, with his latest breath. To be brief, the youth of the prisoner, his earnest asseverations of innocence, and a waverin? doubt oI his guilt, which had ' all along troubled Father Allard's mind, so wrought upon that worthy man that ho at last con, . sented to commit himself to a plan for giving the prisoner a chance of escape, if not from death, at least from the ignoniay of dying by the hand of the accursed hangman. ? "If I die by the gallows, most reverend Father," said the young man, '"a great sorrow will some day fall upon all concerned iu my death. The real murderer is sure to be discovered, sooner or later;and the just retribution of Heaven will pursue my murderers. . Aid me to escape rather than risk a ; great stain upon your conscience, btand upon this chair, which I place upon the table, thus; and .then, by mounting upon your shoulders, I can reach the window and drop from it"" "But the river below!" "I can swim like an otter, and, at any rate, it is better to be drowned than hanged." Convinced of the young man's inno cence, Father Allard consented to aid ' him in his escape. A moment sufficed to carry the plan into execution. The prisoner gained the window and disappeared. Parading in a straggling way outside the building went one of the minor officers of justice?a solid peasant who had-been placed there by way of sentry, and who at this moment happened tU uu iuujuug iu? Uiu5 tav nvci wiu.i vl the milL His sight nearly left him, as he afterwards stated, when he saw a man drop frow the jail window, strike ' on to a platform that protruded from a doorway in the second story, and, rebounding from that, fall intothe water with a heavy plunge, reappearing at intervals, until he was carried away into the rapids below. t The alarm was at oncc given. Village officials rushed to the prison-room where they found Father Aliard alone, seated on the chair, pale as if just re covering from the sight of some super natural vision- To tne question put JHHBL to him he replied that, as he was adWr ministering the consolations of his holy I office to the prisoner, a voice sounded | through the apartment, accompanied j by the shadow of a mighty pair of wings, on which the prisoner mounted to the ceiling of the apartment and was no moro seen by him. The voice, ho added, proclaimed the prisoner's innocence, the real circumstances of the murder wouxa soon oe maac maauesi. It was a miracle; and the good coun[ try. people, ever ready to accept that j form of interposition, were easily per| suaded to do so on the present occa1 sion. | Meantime, Laroche, when he leaped from the window, had forgotten all about the platform. As he fell upon it he displaced a sack of grain, which splashed into the dark waters of the river, appearing to the eyes of the bewildered sentry to bo the body of the man who had dropped from the prison window. Laroche lay upou the narrow platform, stnnned by the heavy falL Spride, the miller's daughter, saw ! him fall. There was no one else in uie mill at the time. She drew him behind the sacks and great heaps of gra.n on the floor, and, having administered tc him such restoratives as her young experience suggested, threw some loose sacks over him and told him to lie Still. That night Spride and her lover? Laroche and she had been lovers for about six hours only?made their way to where a boat lay moored below the falls; and embarking in it. were soon carried far bevond nursuit. It was sup posed by tho frightened villagers that bpride must have been carried from the platform when the body from the window above had been seen to strike upon it; and as the whirlpool below the torrent had never been known to give up its dead, but littla search was m:ide for her, and her friends resigned themselves to mourning for her awful fate. Less than six months after this Landry was tried for the murder of a brother keeper and wa> convicted and hanged accordingly. Previous to his conviction, however, he mado a clean breast of it to Father Allard, confessing that he had murdered the farmer for his money, killing him with the stake cut from the hedzc by young Laroche, which, as he stated singuiat^ ly enough, suggested to him the idea of committing the crime. Two years oiapsed, :ind Father Allard had beeu promoted to a parish at a distance of some fifty miles from the ono which he had bee:i pastor of for so mauy years. Shortly after his arrival there his du frtl'i* .1 VtlllMWX* A fclVO IWil iilUi IU tUAU ?l J /UlUVJ VU back some miles into the interior of the parish of which he had charge. Part of the road travelled by him wound through a swampy forest region; and, after a ride of several miles, lie came to a sluggish stream that had formerly been spanned by a bridge, of which nothing but the abutments remaiued, however. The priest turned his horse's head and rode along the bank of the river, hoping to find another bridge, or at least a ford, by which ne coiua cross to tne iurtner siue; nor had he gone far when ho discovered, by boo: marks, a place where cattle seemed to be iu the habit of wading , through or coming to drink. The water appeared to be shallow, so he urged his unwilling horse into it, and had got about half way across, when the animal began to plunge and strutrolri violently, sinking at the same or? * o # . . time, ;is if draw a down by some invisible power. Aware now that he bad fallen into one of those quick-sands which are not uncommon iu that part of France, thu good father knew that to throw himself from his horse would be certain death, as the water was not deep euough to swim iu, and the hungry sand at the bottom was gaping for him. lie held upon his horse, therefore, and shouted for help. The water was gaining upon him, as the terrified uorse sank deeper and deeper in the treacherous stream. Up, up it came, until it reached his saddle flaps, and then iiis knees; and he had given himself up as lost, when distant shouts c:iiu<: in response to his, which were going feebler with each repetition. And now a man bursts his way through the bru.snwood on the riverbank,: and, inyigg iiis axe upon a tall, sleuutfr:yuuu>;p?e, cuts it down with four or five riigui -strokes. leaning it so that it falls upon tlie water, its topmost uoiigfe^ just brushing the sinking bor^a:uiLi&il3 fail. Grasping'the bpi^jh.s wijth ail his remaining strength, 'drawn to the bank by 'the ^bodsman, fainting and senseless, iXOSfeven and with hardiv a visible spark of life. . When Father Allard recovered consciousness he found himself in a small bgt comfortable. room. Seeing him Open his eyes, a buxom young woman who was bathing his temples uttered an exciamauon. 01 joy, cauing mm dj name; and now, as his dizzy senses brightened, what was his surprise to find his attendant the lost Spride. Explanation ensued, and all was made clear as day without recourse to marvel or miracle. Presently Laroche, who had been en gageu, wua the assistance ot some or tho neighi>ors,iu extricating the priest's horse, came in, and the scene was an affecting one between the two, each of whom had been thus wonderfully appointed by Providence to preserve the other. "My conscience is clear now," said Father Allard. "Heaven has sareiy pardoned the little fiction framed by me; else why?*' "Bat hold, reverend Father," cried Laroche, interrupting him; "there was no fiction in the case. You said that I was carriod away upon an angel's wings, and so I was, and this is the angel that saved me!'' Aud he, laughing, threw his arms around the pretty wife and hugged her to his sidePoetical justice might now have been well satisfied, but I have a few words +r\ nnr\n tliA cnKionf: ?UAkUV4 KV u^vu vuw guwjvww. Laroche, who was now employed as forester upon an estate, was* enabled by the assistance of Father Allard to return to his native village, where, not lon<r after, he obtained an appointment to the very keoDership formerly held by tho assassin Landry. In playing Cap'n Cuttie in JPhiladel- | phia Mr. Florence is said to wear the lj identical clothes worn by Burton, who f made tie part famous in New York j forty years ago. While the clothing [ mi7 iielD the illusion, it is doubtful whether gray-bearded playgoers will be so completely fascinated as to see in the apparition on the stage the per- j sonific&iion that made the old I?ew | York Chambers Street Theater roar with laughter as Burton came rolling in on the stage. Florence is a -versatile comedian, and among tho best of the veterans of the stage, but in the spe- j cialty of Cap'n.Cuttle there can be no f neer of Burton am more than there I will be of Hackett's a'staff or J&fierson*s Rip Van Wink ? % I r ? ^ OLD TUSKS lilXALLKD. A JIfmbfr of FiliU??rc'i? Cabinet Th'-Ic* Ab >ur H'? C'>U<*?K,af^. The last surviving member of :inl Fillmore's cal?iuet is Hon. A. 1L H. Stuart, of Staunton, Va. He is 78 years of ago. :wul has a lively rrcollcetion of the men of those days. A reporter for the New York Mail ana lx press ruct him t!? ? olher day at the Fifth Avenue hotel, when he was in attendance at !he meeting . of the trustees of the l'eabody fund, of whom lie is one. lie is very tail and thin, is stooped by ag", and has :i small, cleanshaven face* and bright eyes. Recoliect those times?" he said. "They can never fade from my memory while I live. I was secretary of the interior from 1S-3U to 1853. I went into the cabinet soou after Mr. Fillmore became president. My colleagues were Darnel vv coster, secretary oi state?ne died in September, 18-52, and was succeeded by Edward Everett?Thomas Corwin, secretary' oi liie treasury;' Charles M. Conrad, secretary ot war; Gov. William A. Graham, navy; John J. Crittenden, attorney general, Mid Nathan K. Hale, of Buffalo, postmaster general. Mr. Graham was nominated Tor viee presidency with Soott and resigned. John P. Kennedy, of Maryland, then went on the ticket in his placc. Of all these men, I alone am l?fr Alt- Ponr.wt w.t t-in? loct: t.n Hii> some five years ago." "How do our statesmen of to-day compare with those of your time?'' "There are no men now to rank with Clay, Webster, and Ca.houn. Csay was the greatest pn.ciieal stale-man, Webster the grandest debater and orator, and Calhoun tho most profound political philosopher. Mr. Clay had a personal eloquence that enabled him to control nearly everyone who came under his influence. Mr. Fillmore was a very able man and had a mind perfectly balanced. I don't think that public opinion n:is uone justice 10 ins gruut ability. He was a statesman of vast resources, and always had sufficient power to meet exigencies of whatever nature. 1 knew him well in congress in 1842 and often heard it remarked that he was born for the leadership of the house. "As vice president he seemed to have every quality to control and dignify the position. He was a model president. He brought with him to the caDinei meetings a more luorougu kuowledge of the topics and questions to be discussed than was possessed by any member. With it all he was the most considerate and afiablo man it has ever been my good fortune to know. If there was a purer man or more unselfish patriot 1 have yet to learn his name. Daniel Webster was not only one of the grandest orators and debaters, but socially ho was most captivating. ms wit was supero, nis words of wisdom and iiis flow of spirits perennial. At iiis own house he was a most delightful host, and none could exceed his hospitality. His very presence gave life to every convivial party. He often dined with me and 1 with him. So I knew him thoroughly in his private as well as his public life. I stood by his side when he laid the corner-stone of the cnpitol txtension at I Washington in 18o2 or 1S53. I forget which year. He made a grand speech I on that occasion." "Have tilings changed much since then?" "Well, we never heard so much fraud and corrupt motives attributed 10 men in hi^h position as now. The acerbity that prevails now in the political parties diet not exist then to such a great degree. A-; to how the government affairs are conducted now in "Washington I can not j itige. 1 have not been there to remain any leugth of time for thirty years. Bui I could j write m.-inv volumes about the men j and the cveuts oi tiie old whig days." ^ ?-p' The Millennium in Norway. A North European correspondent of the Springfield Republican a good deal more than insinuates that the millennium has not only arrived at Norway but that it is a greater ethical success than was anticipated. He conveys this most interesting ana most cueonag piece of intelligence, Wbicli Kini:s and j>rophcts waited for, But died without J he sight, in a*manner as unique as it is satisfactory. Listen to liim: "As wc were , driving along one day [through Norway] we saw two umbrellas hanging on th~ branch of a tree. Some people, not c. -ing to be encumbered with them, had left them there till they should pass that way again. Although ii was raining, ny one muugut .wj j touching them." a Obvioitsly no commentary can ; to the force of this simple, unadorn^F^ statement. The news from Norway2 will come home to the average man with the irresistible power of a steam pile-driver. Norway may well feel th&t she has fullilled the choicest sort of a manifest destiny, and that she has.: nothing more to live for except the en? joyment of her triumph's crown of iriumph and the envy of her sister nations. In order to realize how far behind Norway is this metropolis of the New YVond, let auy one of our readers who is interested in the progress of the race hang a nice silk umbrella for temporary safe keeping on one of the trees of Madison Square or Central Park. A good, serviceable, ?11_ 1 11 1 1 1 siynsn sue umureua can oe purcnaseu for from $5 to $10, and the one selected for this experiment should be hung ?not necessarily for publication but as a guarantee of good faith?on a limb within easy reach of passers by.?New York Tribune. Changes. I remember?not so very long ago? when it was thought vulgar to wear real flowers in the hair, and until the present year I have never known them worn at court, although artificial flowers have ever been quite chic. "Natural flowers," said our lady ten years ago, "are all very well at home, but one ccuid not wear them at a good party!" [sic]. This folly has died out, but we are still very inconsistent?we despise natural fruit I rememoer when ox-eye daisies and daffodils were regarded with disgust as "nasty things."' I was bidden not pluck them as a child; that was because they did not grow in a hothouse. Even now many persons much prefer a camellia to a garden rose, simply for that reason, and detest peas except in January. Are not these the vagaries of demi semi-cultare? People with a real love of the beautiful and an appreciation of what is fit aad orderly and harmonious would think for themselves, feel the underlying principle of all decoration, and surround themselves with what they saw to bo "very good."? Belgravia. A "cerpqnf. crirl?' nnilftO-A" tho Western term for a cooking school for servants. . ? , 3 Pacts null Figures. ^ The State census of Wisconsin! has been taken and the total j>opu!jai'e*j in shown to be 1.563.930, a gain over 1880 of 21 per cent. The largest gains are in the northern half of the State, whore thorn lnvn been lnrpe oD?nin<?s of comparatively new conn(rv, due in great measure to lumber interests. Co-operative associations, or union stores, for the salo of groceries or d|y: goods, areas popular in Massachusetts manufacturing towns as building assor ciations are in Philadelphia. Some communities of 6,000 inhabitants support two or three. The union stori at Duuvers, a minor shoemaking town, has just declared its fifth annual dividend of $35 on every $50 share. According to data -collected by Mr.. R. W. Best, of the Department of Agriculture, there are in the United Stater OQ? AAA AAA imitritt'Ail Inm) 4W,VW,VW ??V/l CO Vi iiU|/iwfVM 445,000,000 acros of for<*et, and 73^^ 000,000 acres of uuiiuproved and wa5&? untimbercd land. Incidentally it is found that forests aro.. disappearing at the rate of 25,000.000 acrer e#ch year. The forest product during- the cansttsyear was 18^000.000,000 feet boattJ mensure. Last year it was 28,000,000;000 feet I The earliest recorded protected Ed glish invention is said to be the making; of the Philosopher's Stone: "That jo, the time of Edward III., some alchemists persuaded the King that a2?hilpsophcr's Stone-might be made; that the King granted a commission to two~"iri?~, ars and two aldermen to inquire ii it were feasible, who certified that it was, and tiiat the King granted to the two: aldermen a patent privilcgo that thpy and their assigns should have the. solo making of the Philosopher's Stow\'\ A minoM.itit on??Jn(J rtf AVt^Afittlt has long beon in progress at Middlesborough, England, with tho . view ^of utilizing oil wasto from chemical works, instead of coal, ; as fuel . for steamers. It is cluio: id that the, flew invention will rovoluaonize the oceancarrying trade. Several steamers plying between English and Mediterranean ports have made round trips by the use of the new fuel exclusively, aud tho engineers report excellent results. The oil tanks occupy but littlo room and the fuel costs only half as much &S coal. ... More than three hundred years ago an English historian gave the followin rr rlrtc?fir>tt/ito r\f a Cflir.mill1 Tlli* 1U^ \4VJVki|/V?Vil V* M * MV saw-mill is driven with an upright wheel, and the water thatmaketh it go is gathered whole into a narrow trough, which delivereth the same wator to Che wheel. This whool has a piece of timber put to the axle-troe end, like the handle of a brocb, and fasted to tho end of a saw, which being turned by tl>? fnrno nf llm nrntnr hnist?th nn s.nH dowu the saw, that it continually eateth in, and the handle of the saw is kept in a rigall of wood from swerving. Also the timber licth, sis it were, upon a ladder, whicti is brought by little to the saw with pother vice." i Three hundred pages of statistics in the last report of ib? Mas^achusotSrBureau of Labor Statistic* arc -taken up with a historical review of srages aud prices from 1752 to 186J. Taking the history broadly we. find that wages have risen lar . more rapidly than the frice of commodities has advanced. 1 n thirty years before the war wages advanced 62.3 percent, in twenty leading occupations, while commodities rosp but 12 per cent. in price. Since 1860 the rise in wages has !>een 24.4 percent; in commodities, 14.5 per cent. Or. since 1830 there has been a rise of 89.4 per ceut. in wages, and an advance o. 28 per cent, in the price of commodities. Tiie -s^mo amount of human toil torday reaps a larger reward in necessities ami comforts than at any previous era in our. history. Man grows more valuable - and thing* less valuable with every decade. The general tendency id trMhe equalization of condition. Air- C:troy asserted in the face of ih?.pe*jfiuusticai-teaeijiiig of the Engli.sii economist*. nearly half a century a^o.? 'Jk-: American. Grant's Pinu aftee Vfcksburjj. Jn his article on the battle of Chattanooga, in the.November Century, General Grant s^ys: "A^er the fall of Vicksburg i nrged strongly upon tho Government the propriety of a moveEoso being jtseinl^^^^^^^Mbe 'si^gfeg^* L.fre^m^iy wrg# to General Hftffyftfc-- '^i^.tpgsti ng Vw&l Kosecrans -kv^MsZ- % so cJOipg^i^wouia mo i?fcopen . but ^that the to comply with tie 6r^e?T^d:iHLlast, after haviug held a-couucil of war, replied, iu effect, that-U-was a military maxim1 qol to light two'deebive battles at.the same time.' iSrtrue, the maxim was cot applicable iu this case. It would be bad to be defeated ia two decisive battles fought the same day, but it would not be bad to win them. 1, however, was lighting no battle, and tho sioge of Vickshurg had drawn from llo^ocran's front so many of the enemy I -I -? mnnh I mat Bis uuumsoa vi rivwij nsiv iM?b? greater than they would be if he waited until the siege was over, when these troops could vbe returned. Kosecraas was ordered to move against the army that was detaching troops to raise the siege. Finally, he did move on the 24th of June, but Urn days afterward Vicksburg surrendered, and the troops sent from Bragg were free to return, lit was at this time that L rocommondcd to the generaWu-chief the movement against Mobile. I knew, the peril the Array 01 tue v^umocnuiju wiu iu, wiu^ depleted coutinually uot only by ordinary casualties, but also by having to detach troops to hold its constantly extending line over which to draw supplies, while the enemy in front was as constantly being strengthened. Mobile was important t6 the enemy, and, in the absence of,a threatening force, was ouarded bv little else than artil lory. If threatened by land and from the water a.t the same timo, the prize would fall easily, or troops would have to be sent to its defense. Those troops would necessarily come from Bragg. "My judgment was overruled, however, aud the troops under my command were dissipated over other pafts of tho country where it was thought they couid render the most service. " Tho timber work of the domes of the Church of St. Mark, at Venice, is more than 840 years old, and is still In a good state. SlfcnST ATttfWSi OF ENGLISH MOXAItGHS. How i5S?ie WliO COuUlu't Writ# Madfc ~ Their Mark in tlie World. The signature of Richard IL, who reigned in the latter part of the fourteenth century, is the earliest autograph of an English kingr extant Most of the others simply made their ."mark." R'chard Cceur de Leon, though he made verses could not set them down in writing. "On the 15th of June, 1215, John Plrtntuganet. successor to Richard Cccur de Leon, being sorely beset by his barons at.a place still called Runriymede, granted and executed Tthe docuu.ent known as "Magna Charta," which was the basis of English liberties. This document, though profes. sing to havo been given under the "faaad and seal" of King John, wiis t merely "sealed and delivered" by him . as the-"aet aud deod~" The reason ' why it was nos signed is that King ! John could, not write his name. Mage a Charta has been preserved, and is to i be seen .in the British Museum. Its | preservation was in this wise: Aa an> tiquarian, who had business with a ' tailor in London, weut into his shop at the moment when ho was about cutting up a large sheet of parchment in; to measures of his trade. Seeing that ! the writing was antique, ho gave a ! smnTI ?rtvm for if. and o?i PYflminntion | found it one of tho duplicates of Magna i Charto. | William the Conqueror used a.-cross us.-fjris mark," instead of:a signature. Oue of his sons who could read and } write, had the title Beau Clerc, to do' nolo what a good clerk he >vas. Tho signature of Richard II., as also the royal signatures down to that of : Henry Vi., in the middle of tho fifteenth century, are very rude. Henry VI. wrote an exceedingly dear, bold una good hand.- ine letters are upfisrht and well formed, partly in the S.ixon, partly in what is well known as the old English style. Edward IV. merely signed "R. E." -(the initial letters of Rex. Edvardus), which are hieroglyphics not at all understood in the present day. Richard IIL. the feloa hero of one f of Shakspeara's best-known plays, was [ an educated man, an encoura'ger of \ letters and a patron of the then new ! art of printing, which Wiliiam Caxton [ had introduced into England. Richj ard's signature is well cut and very I, legible. - Henry. V1L, the Richmond of ShakaneaTe's r>lav. merely signed the | initials "H, R-," which wero both done in a dashing style, without taking the pen oti. At -that time, some four centuries ago, very few could read or write. Some of the nobles gave large sums for instruction in these accomplishments, and professional scribes who could give .that instruction were much made of. Many of them were churchmen or : monks, to whom, as scholars, the greatest respect was paid, by royalty ! itself. J$ach scribe had his own peculiar ttiyjr jHuqup- siyie qi TKoung, wiuca the'pupiis were all taught to imitate, so that no difference could be detected on the manuscript that had taken two or three hands to. complete. Queen Elizabethls signature was embellished, or garnished, by two great and complex flourishes over the top and three underneath., Catherine of Aragon, Anno uoicy u ^nzauciu s moiucrj, Mary L, Mary of Scotland. Mary 1L, (wiie of Wiiiiam 11L), ami Auue wrote very legibly. Tho siguaturo of Victoria is graceful, even beautifuL Nearly all of tho ^royal family of Englaud, since the accession of George L, have written very le^ibiy. ? ? New H?>u?e# on Old Sites. There are. no doubt, mauy persons now living in Homo who have beneath them tho residence of some gentleman of the Middle A-jjss, under which.; perhaps is the home of a Roman family of the time of the Csesars; and this may have been built upon the foundations ol anoiuer Koraan uouse, wuicn was considered a ?;ood place to -dure in some fivo or six hundred years before. It must be a very satisfactory thing, when one is. going to bnild a house, to find beneath tho ground som?- good substantial walls which will make excellent foundations. It very often happens that these remains of ancient buildings are built of larger stones,and are firmer and mere solid than the ksttidAa nrtnnk nrnofm? nnnn f hpm. There is another side, however, to this^ matter, and the remains of old build-' ings are frequently very much in the way of those who wish to erect new bouses, for it does not always occur tbat'the ancient walls arc in the right places, or of a suitable kind, to serve as foundations for the modern building. Then they have to be dug up aud taken out, which is a great labor. Tttere is a handsome American church in Rome. When this was built, the work was made very expensive by the difficulty of gettin^ rid of portions of trolls r<>. .in nml vaults which these Rotmuis mid left behind.*them, never thinking that in the coarse of ages there might be such people as Americans who would wish to build a church here.? Frank 11. Slocktoji, iJi SL A icholas for November. A Sm?H-Pox Remedy. A correspondent of tho Stockton, Cal., Herald writes as follows:. "I herewith append a rccipo which has been used to my knowledge in hunnf onsna. It will nrevent or cure the small-pox though the pitting* are filling. When Jenner discovered cowpox in England, the world of science hurled an avalanche of fame upcgi his head, but when thu post scientific school of medicine in the world?that of Paris?published this recipe as a panacea for small-pox, it passed unheeded. It is unfailing as fate, and conquers in every instance. Jt is harmless when taken by a well person. It will cure scarlet fever. Here is the recipe as 1 have used it to cure smallpox; when learned physicians said the patient must die. it cured: Soipjiato of zinc, one grain; foxglo??^Jgi*3lis). one grain; half a teaspoonful of sugar mixed with two tablespoonfuls of ( water. When thoroughly mixed, add four ounces of water. Take a spoonful every hour. Either disease will disappear in twelve houri. For a child, smaller doses, according to age. if countries would compel their physicians to use this, theie would be no need of pest-houses. If you value advice and experience, use this for that terriblo disease." A man named Nickerson, remarkable fo? the singularity of his habits, lives - near Pittsville, Md. He is seventy-seven years of age, and has , n*v?r hpen further than twplvp Tflilno from his home. He has been twice married, has never owned any live stock, paid rent or taxes, and, though j bnrned ont ot. house and home three iimW has never tx??n insured. i Origin of* Fniii'ma Expression. The reviewer of Mr. McMustor's second volume, in the last ltial noticed his error in attributing to Judge Marshall, instead of CoL Henry Lee, the nnthnrflhin nf tho wftll-knnwn senfhnnn concerning Washington: "First in war. first in peace, and first in the < hearts of his country men." The correct reading of this familiar quotation i is in doubt- Marshall, in his ''Life of J Washington" (vol V.,p. 767). printsr i the proceedings of-the house of repre- j seutatives and the resolutions read on the death of Washington, in which the l sentence first appeared. The last t clause there roads? "and first in the i hearts of his feliow citizens." CoL j Lee, a week later, used the sentence in < his oration before congress,, and makes i it end with "countrymen" instead " of ' fellow citizens.'* The "Annals^ of 2 ^Dongross" (1799-1801. page 204) reports ihe resolutions read in the house, . and euds the seutcnce with "country- : men." The "Annals," however, was 1 not a contemporaneous publication, i having been made up more than twen- 1 i* > />< Intut* lit* rt ?i CnnfAn oi ?gaio VM uuiuo tiuu from such materials as they could find. 1 its wordiug of the resolutions is so un- 1 like that given by Marshall and other contemporaries that they must have < been reported from memory. -'Wash- 1 ingtoniana,'' published at Baltimore in 1 1800, is a compilation, madeup soon af- | tertho death of Washington, of public ' resolutions, testimonials of respect, : and orations. Tho resolutions read in 1 the house there appear in precisely the 1 words quoted by Marshall, except that < tut? iCJUUUUC UUWVJI VUUOiUvlUUVu viiUO I neither with "fellow-citizens" nor ' "countrymen," but with "country" 1 (page 110). Two pages later, the 1 same resolutions are given as adopted 1 in the senate, ami the scnteuco again 1 ends with country." Gen. Robert i E. Lee, of Uie confederate army, was J the son of OoL Henry Lee; and in the I life of his father, 1868 (nrelixed to the i repriut of. Col. L= c's "i\ieiuoirs of the 1 l"Revolutionarv1 War in the Southern Department") <piotos, on page 51, the i sentence, anu eu?is it as Marsftall gave s it, with feilow-eiiizens." This state- i ment might be regarded as authori- s tative as to the reading, if Gen. Lee on 1 the next page had not spoiled the inference by saying: "But there is a ] line?a single line?in the works of i Leo which would band him orer to ira- 1 mortality, though he ha>l never writ- : ten another: 'Firat in war, lirst in peaco, and lirst in the hearts of his 1 countrymen' will hist while language 1 lasts." The question is unanswered? J "In what form will it last?" We ven- y ture to express the opinion that Col. < Lee used, on aitierent occasions, ootn i forms; and hence either form is cor- t rcct. Ho was an ardent federalist and } devoted military and personal friend t of Washington during and subsequent t to the war. His grief at th- death of i this dearest friend first took form in : his own personal loss; aud then, as a 1 Virginian, in the loss his slate had sus- 1 tained. While in this frame of mind j he wrote tha resolution read in con- : wiMi fftllAW-yrit?"- 4 VOO| VUV?IU^ n iVU UMI ?V*4W lf-V4bA~ A zens"?which to him meant "Virgin- ? ians." Having later been appointed by congress to deliver an oration on Washington, as an expression of the grief of the nation, lie again used the r sentence, and gave it a broader meaning by changing "his fellow-citizens" t to "his countrymen."?'lheDiaL r The Donkey "Wouldn't Bray. * Once upon a time a donkey fell into I o /)nan IIAU ovwl flffnr nn'irlv ctfirrino', 1 caught sight of a passing fox and im- a plored tho stranger to help him out a "I am too small to aid you," said the i fox, "but I will give you some good c advice. Only a few rods away is a 1 big, strong elephant Call to him and 1 he will get you out in a jiffy-" t After the fox had gone the donkey 1 tlius reasoned: "i am very weas xor ^ want of nourishment. Every move I t make is just so much additional loss s of strength. ' If I raise my voice to 1' call the elephant I shall bo weaker yet. t No, I shall not waste my substanco t that way. It is the duty of the ele- t phant to come without calHng." t So the donkey settled hiiiiself back a and eventually starved to death. a Long afterward the fox on passing a the hole saw within it a whitened t skeleton, and remarked: "If it be the * souls of animals arc transmigrated into p Hint <lnnk<>v will become one of t thoso im-rcliants who cau never afford c to advertise." r Restoring and Preserviii^ the Si^ht. 'J For near-sigh ted ness, close the eyes and press the lingers gently from the t nose outward across the eyes. Tnis a flattens tiie uuoiis. and tlius lengthens i. or extends the vision. This should be * done several times a day, until the t short-sightedness be removed. For j, loss of sight by age, or ior those who t require magnifying glasses, pass the v fingers and towel from the outercoruer ?j of the eyes inwardly, above and below c the eyeball, pressing gently against ^ them. This rounds them up, and pre- E serves and restores the sight. This is c nothing new, as it is said that the Hon. ^ John Quiucy Adams preserved his ^ sight in this way through the latter t part of his life. Lawyer Ford also re- t stored his sight in this way, and was E enabled to lay aside hi* glasses, and j. has since preserved his sight by continuing this practice. _ J " t Soma of tho most popular songs of c the .day aro very ancient. vSing a, g bong of Sixpence" is as old as tue six- ^ teenth century. "Three Blind Mice" is found in a music book dated 1609. | "The Fro* and the Mouse" was. li- l censcd in 1580. "Three Children Sliding on the Ice" dates from 1633. t "London Bridge u Broken Down" is 0 of unfathomed antiquity. "Gins and ? Boys Como Out to Play", is certainly. as old as the reign of Charles IL?as is ^ also "Lucy Locket Lost Her Pocket," ^ to the tune of which the American song c of "Yankee Doodle" was written. ? "Pussy Cat. Pussy Cat, Where Have g You Been?" is of the age of Queen j Bess. "Little Jack Horner" is older jj than the seventeenth cetitfrry; s The Vulgarity of Fine Writing. * There is a sad tale of a leading-article-writer whose editor had views of style. The views were that the same ] word must uever bo repeated in' an v article. Now, the word "grouse" oc- a enrred twice in the same paragraph. v "What do you mean by this?" cried r the angry censor as he scanned the j prool-sneei: "grouse twice, auu in one paragraph, too?" "Weil, they are ? grouse," said the impenitent scribbler: t "What else can I cail them?" t4Call c them! Why call them the feathered denizens of the moors," yelled the edi- E tor with a feeling for style, and probably that article on the Twelfth must 0 have been one of the most curious, by }j dint of periphrases, that ever charmed the leisure of the top of the omnibus.? ^ London .">nlurdau Review. a Trees Masquerading. "You never saw such funny freaks as some of the trees in Wayne county are up to this fall," said a veracious Hbnesdaler to a reporter the other day. "One large maple in a field on the.Delany farm is as ?rcen as it was in June, except on the soutli side. There Datches of li?ht red and a semi-circular splash of yellow have appeared. The rod patches arc so distributed as to form the eyes, nose, and month of a human face, and so life-like arc the J lines, curves, and shadings of the featares that at a distance the cffect is startling. The 'sprays of yellow curl around the face, above the eyes, and rive a striking resemblance to a headarcss of blonde hair, adding to the startlJag effect. "Not far. from this. .tree, is another maple. A band of scarlet three feet wide encircles it at the lower branches, ibore this belt tho leaves' are green ill around the tree for about the same width as the scarlet. Above the green is a similar circle of bright yellow, and tho rounded top of 'ho tree is a solid body of scarlet, rested on the banded t>eauty of the whole like a dome of [ire., "A high hill in Texas township is slcared of timber from bottom to top, with the exception of four large trees Jbat stand close together on the sum jiit Two of tho trees are maples. Hie other two are elms. They stand ibout a rod apart One of the maples las a large circular spot of bright red leaves on the side facing one of the ilms. All the rest of the tree is still inchanged from its summer, green, rhe leaves of the elm this maple faces lave all turned to a rich golden hue, ivith the exception of a circular spot of ively green, almost the exact size of :he red spot on the maple, and immediately opposite it Diagonally xcross the second maple, from bottom :o top, extends a wild and regular strip ot leaves 01 soua green, au due :his verdant streak is a flaming red. I'he elm opposite this maple has a strip running in the same direction icross it It corresponds in width vitli the strip on the maple, but is of a >oft golden color. Every other leaf on Jie tree is still green. "A water birch on the border of Middle creek displays, among its othervise uniform array of yellow leaves, ines of green leaves that form a huge ind perfect human hand. "A particularly striking effect caused jy autumn foliage is given by two tall lemlock trees that grow along the aawiey turnpiKC. a wua ivy Tine nas vound its way up one of tlie trees and srept among the branches in all direc;ions. The leaves of this vine have urned to a most intense crimson, and rleam here and there in the midst of he dark and never-changing green of ;he hemlock like radiant flowers. A vild grapevine has entwined itself ibout the trunk and up around _the tranches of the other hemlock. The eaves of this vino have become a rich md waxy yellow, and stand out igaiust tho cold color, of the tree like 'uutastic fashionings of gold."?Pori Tervis Gazette. Married"by Himself. Within the last three years a curious omance has been unfolding itself in a :orner of the little village of Tarryown. In one of its aspects it has given1 ise to legal questions which the herooe is now most desin.us ot having cttled. The said heroine was born to lumbie station, but was fond of readng. By the tiiue she was 18 years of tge she had read much. She was tall ind slender and attractive by reason of ntelligence. Withal she was ignorant >f society and its ways except as the atter purported to be taught in the' ight literature of winch she had im>ibed deeply. Of the reality of life she :new little. Into Tarrytown came a [ashing young clergyman of a peculiar vnp wlir* ftrnornK hot at a fellow-student while at colege in Virgiuia. He became interesed in the girl, whom he Haltered by lis visits and attentions, and to whom te read his sermons for criticism and he "poems of their choice" for rnutuil delectation. His visits grew more md more frequent Oae evening he isked her to marry him. -Regarding his as a joke, the girl said yes: Afterward he referred to this as a binding: >romisc. His next step was to repeat o her a portion of the marriage service if the Episcopal Church, getting her to nakc the responses, telling her that it pas merely a form of engagement, ritcu he told her that they were inaried hard and fast Ail this time the clergyman had been ryiug to get the girl to go to picnics.ml places of amusements with him, >ut in vain. She had never met him xcept in her father's house. Now he old her that they were married, but as lis church did not wish a married pasor, they must keep it secret until he i-as in a position to acknowledge her. ['hey could, however, spend their vaation together. The girl steadily rc i *~ i T: *.i.~ l.. usuu wu ucnoe in trn; njjjaut) ui buu aarriage. Then the clergyman tilled mt one of - bis marriage certificate ilanks, signed it himself and got a inn of New York lawyers to certify to he correctness of the document, and he legality of the marriage! By alterlately threatening to kill himself and ir?r_ he tried to make the <rirl. aicn it Jso. She would not, however. One lay, in a lit of anger, he destroyed it efore her ejes. Then bo tilled out anitber, and got a brother clergyman to ign it, or else forged the name, and lad still another law firm put the im>rint of its approval upon its legality, ie was again unsuccessful in mating ler sign this one, aud it, too, was inally^ destroyed. After failing in hese repeated attempts to make the ;irl acknowledge the marriage, the lergyman gave up me comesianu ieit he town. During the two years which iave.passed since, the giri has pondered . the question,' "Married or tingle?" until she is well-nigh distractu. Legal experts constated by her Latly contradict one another as to the aw bearing upon that point, and she Lesitates to anneal to the courts as she brinks from publicity.?Sew York ','ribune.. Not Well Trained. A certain mail wbo owned a fine, urge dog was bragging about bow veil trained the iaituful animal was, ml how hfl would obev anv order tbat ** * " ~ " # * ?as given him. One of the gentlemen resent, :o test the obedience of the log, said.to the proud owner: "If the dog is so well trained, tell iim to get up and go out doors, and hen we can see if you have got him inder control." -r% 51 __M ?t._ 1 | "Vrroyer, sam iuu umu, gut ip and go out;" The dog got up, but instead of going ut he walked up to his master and bit .im on the leg. Or bite me in the leg, if you don't A- ? !1 ? iL. rant 10 go out, saiu mc owner 01 mo nimal THE NEWS t>F TETE STATE. ???- ? - Some of the Latest Sayisgs and Doings in South Carolina. ?"Drove" hogs are selling in Anderson at six cents per pound gross. ?Hon. H. G. Scuddey,. of Anderson lectured on temperance at Spartanburg-, last Saturday night. ?The Herald says deer are plentiful around JTummemlle, and invites Northerners there who are in quest of sport. ?The pump-house on the Northeastern Railroad, two - miles from Charleston, was burnt last week; loss $500. ?The Summerville Herald editorializes t!ie_ Legislature' to repeal the Trial Justice system, and establish in lieu a system of county courts. - - \ A fine mare, three mules and one jersey bull were burned up Saturday night" in the stables of A. G. Means inthe city of Spartanburg. ?Capt. W. S. McKerrall, editor of the Marion Star and The Cotton Plant died Friday morning. He was a lawyer and a gallant Confederate soldier. ?Robert C. Bishop, of Gaffney, mortally wounded policeman . A. N. Turner, who was attempting his arrest at Black's, and although made his escape. ?Mr. Lewis Jones, of Scranton, who was in the employ of the Connecticut Calender Clock Company, aud was getting $60 per month,-lost his position by being served with a subpoena in Orangeburg to appear at Court as a witness for the State against Mr. Holly Brown- The company said they could not afford to lose the" time, notwithstanding Mr. Jones had collected OOOaloucin Orangeburg for the comauuy, and his testimony was worth nothing, as he knew-nothing about the case. ?Mr. D. B. Wheeler, of dewberry, has a glass' bottle that is very likely older than tfie' discovery of America. It was probably made by people who inhabited this continent ages ago. The bottle was made in the shape of a gourd, and while hot the bottom was pnshed in so as to give it a bottom to stand on. Tne neck is about four inches long, and the bottle holds a little less than a quart. It was dog out of a bed of phosphate rock in one of the mines near Charleston, and was sent to Mr. Wheeler by Mr. W. A. Tribble, who is overseer at" the mines. Mr. "Wheeler has presented the bottle to the inuseum^f Newberry College. Thomas A. Hendricks. Thomas A. Hendricks, Vice-President of the United States died at his residence in Indianapolis, Ind., on the 24th inst. The announcement of the sudden death of this statesman was a shock to the whole nation. . Mr. Hendricks Jias occupied a prom inent -place before the public for many years, and throughout his long public career he was noted for his strict adherence to Democratic principles as laid down by the Father of Democracy, Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Hendricks was born in Ohio, but when he was yet a child his father moved to Indiana with which State the subject of this sketch was always identified. Hs was at the age of twenty-six first called into public service as a member of the Legislature, and since which time he has occupied various prominent positions. As commissioner of Lands he won the ommendation of all. As a Comrress man and Senator while faithful to his State's interest he was always prompt to give his best efforts to the promotion of the nation's welfare. J3e was nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1876 with Samnel J. Tilaen, but by the most gigantic fraud ever perpetrated on r. nation he was deprived of his office. In 1884, as the represenative of the old ticket, he was the .nominee for Vice-President with Grover Cleveland as President. They were elected, and since the election Vice-President Hendricks has discharged the duties of this office with the same integrity which has characterized his whole life. By the death of Mr. Hendricks the nation loses a faithful servant and the South a warm friend. The Cincinnati Election Cases. The Circuit Court at Cincinnati on Wednesday began tne delivery . of opinions in the mandamus case brought by the Republican candidates for Senators from Hamilton county, to'compel the canvassing board to issue to them certificates of election. Judge Cox delivered the opinion of the majority of the court, going at great length into all details of the questious presented by the different persons which were designated by the counsel as irregular. Thc^result is that the courts grants the praver, and directs the clerk to issue i-_ r *r>_?i. >? VyCi UJUV^LIC^ VI U1W11VU iAJ 1VUI XVC?HIiJlican candidates. The Court announced the result of the vote as it should be after the corrections made by application of the principles, followed by the majority of the court. This gives to the Republican candidates from 33,472 lowest, to 33,734 the highest, and to Democratic candidates from 33,140 lowest, to 33,417 highest. Sobbed While He Held Up His Hands. On Saturday evening, in a dark and lonely spot in the road near Mille'rsburg," Ohio, two masked men appeared with revolvers and demanded a peacuers money. He nauaea over $ *, which was not "satisfactory to the robbers, and one of them compelled him to hold up his hands while the other went throngh bis pockets, securing about $1,000. They then selected about the same amount in silks and other fine gcods and jewelry from his wagon. The peddler drove to Millers burg and made known the robber}-. Five hundred dollars reward has beeu offered for the apprehension of the thieves. ?At Summerville last Wednesday a cfj-iro Kv "\f "W Webb and owned ?bv Mr. Kornahan, was destroyed by fire. Loss $2,500 above insurance. ' *' ?The grand jury of Edgefield recommend the abolition of the trial jus? tice system and the substitution of county courts, and that a tax of one dollor per head be imposed on all dogs. ?If Georgia becomes a.prohibition State South Carolina will become a greater favorite than ever with our "goober-gTabbliug" friends across the Savannah.