University of South Carolina Libraries
' J<r" ' * ,-v-, , jy1. ' V-L-T. ' ; ; - 'rf2\. .' u<%" ?*r > * ?,'" > * AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. Qol nrt I ATI Af V?0#1!no> Cfn#j In our investigation incidental to making choice of feeding stuffs, second only to the effect which their consumpwill have upon the growth or productions of the animals, we must not fail ' to consider their effect upon the richness of the raauure pile. In other words, we must look to the amount which the feeding of each would add, of those elements of plant growth in which oar fields are each year becom>nor mnrn ami mnrp dpfrf.iPTitn.iif5 whinh we must^ in some way, supply, if we ' would maintain the ability of our land to produce profitable crops. It is a very tortun&te provision of nature that the great bulk of every auimal is made up of carbon, lime, hydrogen and oxygen, these constituents of plants which are most abundant and which, except the lime, are very largely obtained from the air and water; and that of the nitrogen, potash, and phosphoric acid?the three essential elements of plants growth most difficult to obtain?but a very small proportion of what is contained in the food is taken up and permanently retained, especially by a mature animal. A fair estimate to put upon the value of the nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid passing through the animal to the manure heap, is the cost at which the same constituents could be placed upon the farm, were we to purchase in cAmn fAnrn a^ .> V* r? r>? i ? .o I bU^lU 1U OVUiV IVliU Ui V/U^UUUil iCi Cil~ zer. For iustance, were we to purchase a ton of linseed meal, we wonld obtain about 700 pounds of albuminoids, or flesh and muscle-forming- elements, of which the manure (liquid and solid) of the animals fed upon it, would contain about 70 pounds of nitrogen; it would contain about 24 pounds of potash and SO pounds of phosphoric acid. These, bought in their cheapest form in chemical manures, would cost, delivered noon most farms, not less than 19 cents peipound for nitrogen, six cents for potash and ten cents for phosphoric acid. At these prices the nitrogen contained in the manure resulting"from the feedingof the ton of linseed meal, would worth $13.30; the potash $1.40 and tiie phosphoric acid $3, making the tota? value of three $17.70. A ton of wheat bran would contain about 280 pounds of albuminoids of which the manure would retain, for application to the fields, nitrogen 44 pounds, worth $8.39; potash 29 pounds, worth $1.70 and phosphoric acid 61 pounds, worth $6.10, making its manurial value $16.16. In a ton of cottonseed meal "we would have 840 pounds of albuminoids (Irom wmcn we snonld have, in the manure pile, 120 pounds of nitrogen worth $22.60); 40 pounds ot potash worth $2.40 and 60 pounds of phosphoric acid worth $6, making an aggregate plant-growing value of $31. A ton of malt sprouts would afford 459 pounds of albuminoids, leaving in the manure 36 pounds of nitrogen, worth $6*^53; the manure would also contain 40 pounds of potash, worth $2.40 and 25 pouuds of phosphoric acid, worth $2.50 or worth for the ton, $11.74. A ton of beans or peas which are somewhat similar to each other, contains about. 500 pounds of albuminoids from which the manure would get 40 pounds of nitrogen, worth $7.60 24 pounds of potash, worth $1.43 and 23 pounds of phosphoric acid, vrorth $2.30, making its value $11.34. Ot cornmeal a ton would sudpIv our animals with 212 pounds of albuminoids, of which we should have of nitrogen to return to the fields only about 15 pounds, -worth 82.85: of potash we get 7 pounds, worth 42 cents v and 11 pounds of phosphoric acid, worth $1.10, making the total cost of supplying its manurial constftnents only $4.36. Besides these elements, as above shown, we get in each of these feeding stuffs a large amount of residue, containing more or less of the other mineral constituents of all plants and a large amount of organic matter made up of carbon, etc., to say nothing of the very material benefit "to be derived from its mechanical action upon the soil, enough we think in every case to much more than balance the labor of caring far and properly applying the manure to the fields. it may De oojectea tnat mese are extreme values, and that very muck of it would be lost or wasted before the residue reaches the soil. Wc answer, these are the elements actually contained, as shown by repeated analysis, and to purchase andapplv them in any other form would certainly cost the sums here named; and that our soils do nged them is too clearly proven by the universal cry of poor and . failing crop%=*n those sectionsfof the country onc¬ed for their enormous yields; a ad there is no section of any country, no witter how rich -it" may be now, , where ^proper attention is not, paid to . v.these elements to the soil, in which i repealed?^ cropping sooner or- later ; render' the land so deficient that furv ther attempts to farm mast prove ; -if _ M v- mL ? . najproiaaoie. xnsi me peopie care rle&sly neglect lo give the manure - "litfoper attention; that it is allowed to heat and poison the air with its escap' \ ing-gases, and that every rivaled ana \ stream is colored and polluted with its >r wasting richness, does not in-the least -falter thefacc, or weaken the fierce of oor position. It only shows thaignoe ranee that exists, and the need of more correct-knowledge.' The constant fleet of ships at onr wharves, loading with ten thousands oftons of those feeding stnffs, rich in the very elements needed to make farm?nor o anceato arft hpariner from oar starved fields the very key to their fall renovation. At the same time, every stock-train that passes, contains " hundred ofauimals no more than half fat; to which, if judiciously fed, and the manure carefully saved, those same foods would afford not only a profit to the feeder, but would be returned to and enrich our fields, instead of going to enrich those of the Old World. Methods of Crop Reports. Crop reporting has always held important relations to prices, but its methods were formerly very crude and unsatisfactory. Neighborhood gossip of rural regions formed and expressed local public opinion on production, without much of system or calculation. The newspaper of days not very remote gathered up these opinions, 1/v^coK- of no?r? moon. lUUOtA J vi ui.vv * iuiu iu\,air ing, and presented them without much analysis or interpretation, mainly because they were susceptible of neither. In recent days, with development of official systems, crop reporting has become popnlar and mere practical, and mnch improvement in method has resulted. - There are a few points essential to the value of a crop report: 1. Its estimates must have a common measure of value, meaning the same to every reader, and susceptible of tabulation with similar statements. 2. They mnst each cover a definite territory., Thousands of individual reports, however accurate, are worthless withont a knowledge of the pret, ;f?. cise area covered by each. One report which covers the corn acreage of McLeau county, Illinois, may refer to a production "of twelve million bushels, nrliita o rlATfln AtKorc l'onnpfinor HP. ? tached areas of other counties ia the same State, would not together represent a million bushels. In this fact lies the worthlessness of many a pretentious effort in crop reporting. In the department system, reports are made by counties, making it possi' "-f": '*' -/ . v . ble to perfect average. If an increase of area of five per cent, is reported, if is necessary to know whether the report represents 1,000 or 10,000 acres. The following explanation of "the meaning of crop-reporting figures" is given for the benefit of those who are not familiar with such methods: There is occasional inquiry as lo the moojniur of finrnroc in r*r*r\r\ vannrt. I lUVUUilig ?."* U^Ul V4 UCVU V4 v^/ I V^/Vi ?< | in?. The standard of comparison, ; 100, in reports of condition of growing \ crops, means than the plants occupy ] the ground fnlly, exhibiting a complete | "stand"; that they appear in full i healthfulness, uninjured by disease c? '"insects; and that they have a medium j growth for the date at which the report I is made. It means a condition of lull j development that can only be exceeded ! by some luxuriance ot growth. Hence it is absurd to report 150 for condition for most crops. It would misrepresent the comparative capacity for production. Cotton, for instance, with medium growth and i full healthy stand, promises better results than with great luxuriance or excess of "weed," which postpones fruiting and gives smaller results, unless the date of killing frost snouici oe unusually lace, in wmcn case a larger yield might accrue. But great growth of stalk in a short season is dreaded bv cotton-growers. So with wheat and other cereals; excessive growth is not to be desired, as a large yield of grain is more valuable than abundance of straw, which is still burned by many wheat-growers. In the matter of hay, luxuriance of growth is an element of importance, and some enlargement of the standard, some increase above 100, is admissible. It will readily be seen that "condition" cannot be expressed in bushels or pounds. There are no bushels of corn in a fieldjust sprouting, and it is a misnomer to call first growth a final product. It is the result of characteristic American haste thus to discount the..experiences and. accidents of the whole season, ana say that three inches orpofatxpE^ surface means 90 bashels of potato^ per acre. Absurd blunders in crop>report reading have often been made in that way. Some of-tiie^mosL- positive - failures in the potato crop: have foHowed a condition Jo! ...average healthiness . ana good growth on the 1st-of-'August. The months of August anctOSeptember determine the potato harvest. Yet the repiprt of condition' on the 1st of August, i?;fayorable, will be sure to be quoted iu September or later, when the crop has been^destroyed, as an evidence of inaccuracy- of the report, when it only evidences the thoughtlessness "bf unfairness of the critic." It is true that the public want to know what these reports of early growth indicate. It may be proper to . tKie rvnKKrt onvrnfi* if if ULUJt UtlO lWI.iiVj.lJ j AX iK JO understood that the expected result is subject to the limitations and contingencies of the future. Any intelligent reader will pcrceive from the above that, so far as growth may indicate a harvest, 100 must point to different results in different districts. It may promise 35 bushels per acre in the. Ohio Yallev, or 15 on the Gulf coast. Each State must be considered separately, and all returns consolidated for an average of the whole field. This average, which has in some years been reported at 28 bushels for corn, would be less with a larger proportionate area in low-yielding district?, and larger with an increased proportion in the great corn-growing States. So it will be seen at once that a dehnite figure to represent 100 for corn, wheat, or any other crop, as a whole, cannot be made exact and unchangeable, 011 account of the changes in the territoryrepresented and other circumstances producing variations in average yield. Yet there is no difficulty, if all these changingcircnmstances are considered, in finding the closely approximate indications of these figures of condition. Another fact is obvious from the above, that 100 iudicates more than an "average" crop. Corn in this country, in ten years past, has ranged fir m 18 on " 1? J". IV 0\J UUSUClfc pet auc 111 UlUCl'Jlll years, with an average of 26. Wheat has averaged about 10 bushels in the worst season, and nearly 14 in the best, with an average for ten years a little abovt 12. - An average crop is the actual mean rate of yield in a seiies of years, which include some marked by 3.00 or more, and others by a much lower figure. Theu, 100 means full crop, not an average one. Perhaps another difficulty may puzzle the brains of a reader of crop returns. He may wonder why July figures are so often higher than those of August, September and October; cAm^funoc KirrKm* fho n ihnoo n-f .Tnno o\suL*^w4?.a?vo ui^uwi tuttu iuvcu VJL V UUV Then he may be surprised because some crops appear so generally to decline. This is apt to occur in cotton returns. It is simply because June and July are usually favorable to growth, while April and May, from frost or rain, may be unpropitious for planting and germination, and August and September are more liable to drought, subject to insect invasion, rust and blight. The critical time, in which insects and disease make havoc, is just before maturity and fruitage. There are other crops that have shorter seasons and fewer changes. Hay i6 soon made. If conditions are favorable on the first of June a drought must come speedily to affect the expected result. Corn that is well reported in July and August may be represented hv IDA in OffvihAj* nr n. Irmo- flrrmcrht. ot* a September frost may cut it down to 50. These explanations are so obvious as to seem unnessarv, vet there are repeated inquiries showing the necessity: and they are given here for the benefit of all who fail to understand the purport of the figures. So much has been said of "condition." As the harvest approaches the result i.< asked by counties in plain figures-?the yield per acre in bnshels or pounds, the aggregate county product compared with the previous year, etc. At the time of seeding the area in each county is asked, 100 representing the number of acres harvested the previous year.- This system in its esseutial features^is the"one used by the most advanced nations in the world; it has been adopted by the State bureaus, and by a few newspapers that attempt to give really systematic crop returns. Its essential feature, is the decimal system, which is becoming the cosmopolitan plan in weights and measures. It was first used by this department in crop returns in 1SG4, upon the organization of its statistical work. It had previously been used in crop reporting by Mr Orange Judd in the American Agriculturist, who was perhaps the first to use it in this country. It furnishes simply an opportunity for nicer discriminations than the old" nnsystematic and indefinite report of 4ihalf a crop," "a failure," or "sftrions damage." thfi intendpd moan ing of which no one can put in positive figures. A reporter's deliberate judgment can certainly be presented, far more accurately in decimals of a full crop. The popularity of the crop reports is attested by the fact that nearly every newspaper, grain dealer or speculator assumes tu have original sources of crop information, in some cases with the least modicum of ground for the assumption. Pretentious estimates, detailed and specific, have gone the rounds of the metropolitan and country press unchallenged and apparently accepted, which have been copied from the department estimates of the -previous year, and made to do daty for the new crop as original information from ... V 4 trustworthy private sources. It would be well if the press were more discriminating, making distinction at least between well-digested and systematic efforts of legitimate news papers in statistical collection and the multitude of charlatans and adventurers and tools of speculators. There is room for all legitimate work in crop statistics; and the best will be done with modest}* and in the spirit of fairness and honesty. Relief from Catarrh. Prof. W. P. Johnson, Principal of the Public Schools in Benton, Arkansas, under date of March 19, writes: This certifies that I have been a suf^ ferer from Catarrh for nearlv eighteen years, being a portion of the time in-1 capacitated from attending to inv business. Tried a number of most eminent physicians North and South; spent over $500. I was partially deaf, a quantity of bones resembling fish scales came out of my nose and head, and I was at one time reduced to TO pounds. Ten bottles of S. S. S. cured me sound and well, and I am so to-day. It is | the best blood purifier I have used. W. P. Johnson. Plieebetis. Mv wife has been suffering for seven long years with what the physicians! called inflammation of the veins. I tried doctors time and again, without deriving any benefit whatever. At the suggestion of mv druggist, J. C. Hightower, I was induced to try Swift's Specific, which in an incredibly short time restored her to perfect health. I might say a great deal more about the medicine, and will say t'aat it ought to be in every house. It is a cheap doctor; having saved me hundreds of dollars. C. F. DUNCAN, Clayton, Ala. March 2S, ISSo. Swift's Specific is entirely vegetable. Treatment on Blood and Skin Diseases mailed free. The Swift Specific Co., Drawer 3, Atlanta, Ga., * Sharon Scores a Victor *. The Supreme Court ot'CV.fornia has decided that ex-Senator Sharon can appeal from the decision of the Superior Court graiiting Sarah Althea Sharon, nee Hill, divorce, alimony and counsel fees. The 'decision stipulates that no alimony shall be paid pending the filing of an appeal. Sharon's side is much elated, and Gen. Barnes, chief counsel for Sharon, in an interview, said the decision virtually disposes of the case, as it will now be tried before another and impartial Judge and decided on its merits. According to the wording of the decision, lawyers say it puts Sarah on the offensive, for if Sharon docs not appeal for a new trial she will be compelled to, as all proceedings are stayed nntil an appeal is taken. Under any circumstances, it is now conceded that the backbone of the conspiracy is broken and that it is a Sharon victory complete. Sharon efotop tKof rT??l] K*?!n#r luai n\y \v 111 uiiu^ vyuiiuimi uvuwi? against Sarah and her co-conspirator?. The Color Question in the Church. At the last session ot the Episcopal Diocesan Convention of this State, there was a lively contest over the presence of two colored clergymen, who. tinder the ruling of Bishop Howe, retained their seats as ex-otficio delegates. The opponents to the admission of the colored clergymen protested, and some now take the ground that the Convention was illegally organized and its entire action invalid. ConsequeHtly, at a meeting, last week, of the1 new Standing Committee of the Diocese, elected by the Convention, resolutions were adopted declaring that there were doubts of the legality of the Convention, but that eiijht of the ten members, were entitled to seats as holding over, if not entitled nnder the election by the Convention, and that the Committee could, therefore, organize and fill two vacancies. The Kev. Dr. Porter, a member of the Committee, filed a protest against such action and declined to vote, as by doing so he would admit the doubt of the legality of the Convention. There is deep feeling on the subject among Episcopalians, and every phase of the contest is jealously scrutinized. Mischief Is Wrought by bad cooking, tough meats, late hours, business worries, irregular livers, sour dispositions, evil digestion aud impure blood. Much of this mischief can be overcome by the use of Brown's Iron Bitters?the best tonic ever made. Mrs. Emilie Crawford, Reidsville, Ga., writes: "After trying! Brown's Iron Bitters wo. are nersnaded that it is all that it claims to be?a! good and reliable tonic." Thousands 1 of others speak in like manner. * 1 The Penitentiary Board. At the meeting of the Penitentiary board to-day the report of the Superintendent Lipscomb concerning the Twiggs convict camp 011 the Savannah Yallev Railroad, which he inspected under instructions from Governor Thompson, was submitted. After a carefnl consideration of the report the following resolution was adopted: "Resolved, That the board approve entirely the action of the Governor and the Superintendent, and their prompt and vigorous action upon the reports as to the treatment of convicts 011 the Savannah Valley Kailroad, and approve the measures taken to prevent further violation of the law in their treatment." This resolution was given to the papers with the further "statements in the documents in the whole matter will be given the press at an early day. The board concluded to continue the work on the Canal during July under the same arrangement with the city as that in force for the last two months. Beyond this only routine business was done. It is understood that a statement of the condition of the penitentiary will be made incidentally with Lhe reports in the convict case. A. reitnui crime in Jtioruiu. A special to the Jacksonville, Fla., Times-Union, from Citra, Fla., says that a horrible murder and houseburning occurred on Thursday near that place. The only particulars obtainable are that at about 3 p. m. dense smoke was seen from Citra in the direction of ,T. O. Matthews's dwelling. A party of citizens went out and found that the house was nearly burned down. Three bodies were seen in the flames, and a colored girl ten years old was lying near with her skull crushed, but able to speak a little. She says that a party came to the "house and killed Martha Lewis, Grade Lewis aud the baby, all eolored, and tried to kill her , and then set the house on fire. The names of the party are withheld until later as they ! are not yet under arrest. Matthews j went North a few days ago, leaving his house in charge of thb Lewis family. The community is greatly excitcd over the terrible crime. A Iiittle Gold Was Spent. }fr. Z. A. Clark, of Atlanta, Ga., in speaking of $4SO.00 in gold, desires to say to the readers of this paper, that the whole of the above amount was spent in a fruitless effort in finding relief from a terrible Blood Poison affecting his body, Iiinbs and nose?presenting ugly running* ulcere. He is now sound and well, having been eurcd by the most speedy and wonderful remedy ever before known, and any interested party who may need a Blood Purifier will learu from liim that three bottles of B. B. B. restored his appetite, healed all ulcers, relieved his kidneys, and added twenty-one pounds to his weight in thirty days. * . ' - / V * THE NEWS OF THE STATE. ' Some of the Latent Saying and Doings in South Carolina. ? A new Masonic building is to be erected at Walhalla. It will be a substantial and imposing structure, j ?The Baptist Sundav School" con I veimoii ui xai^uuciu tuumv i*m uiat : i at Parksville on July 29. ?A colored mission church is being } erected at Ilock Hill by the Episcopal; congregation at that place. ?Large quantities of corn are being | received at Charleston from the North. The City of Atlanta on her last trip brought 4,?>U0 sacks. ?The sick Northern man in Aiken who sent North for a "faith doctor'' to attend him died in a few days after the crank took him in charge. ?The corn house and stables on Mr. B F. JI. Dnkes's plantation, about three miles below t>ranchville, were destroyed by an incendiary fire last Tuesday. ?Mr. R. M. Andrews, of Sumter county, has raised this yearla cabbage that weighed twenty-nve po ands and measured over four feet across the head. -Mr. T. Iv. Cunningham, of Lancaster, threshed only 162 bushels of wheat from his eight-acre brag patch. Last year he realized more than three times this amount. ?The Rev. E. X. Joyuer has resigned the charge of the Chnrch of the Good Shepherd at Yorkville and assumed charge of St. Marck's Church, Chester, in connection with the Church of Oar Savior alliock Hill. ?The different denominational colleges throughout tba State have appointed delegates and called a meeting to be held in Greenville during the snmmer to take into consideration the question of free tuition in the South Carolina College. ?The boring of the Artesian well at Orangeburg has been finally abandoned. The sides of the well caved so badly that it was found impossible to proceed with the work with a guarantee of success. Mr. Cornelson has sunK several uionsauas m ine enterprise. ?A negro boy about fourteen years old was killed on S. P. McCracken's pla^ation, in Newberry county, on Thursday of last week. He was riding a mnl'>, which became irightenea and threw him; in falling his foot caught in the gears, and when they found him he was dead. ?Mayor Conrtenay, of Charleston, informs the Orangeburg Times and Democrat that he is not, nor will be, a candidate for Congress from his District at the next election. He savs he could not accept a Domination for the position if it was tendered to him unanimously. ?There was something like a waterspout about Gaffney, Spartanburg county, last week. 'The lands on the smalfstreams were badly washed and the uplands streaked with gullies. Two dams washed away on Cherokee and the accumulated "water ruined everything below. ?A subscription paper for stock in a bank at Abbeville is being circulated in town. About five firms has subscribed stock to something like $13,000. Other subscriptions will be added. It is understood that the Bank of Anderson will take $15,000 conditfnnnllv. ?The Rock Hill Herald savs: "It is conceded that the corn and cotton arG uuusuallv promising and with centinued favorable seasons the yield of both will be very large. Some farms are very grassy, bat hard work is being done and the laborers are fast conquering this foe." ?Three negro men were sent from Ridge Spring to Edgefield jail, on Thursday, upon a charge, of assanlt aud battery with intent to kill, to await trial at the next Court. They were charged with having waylaid another negro at his home in the nighttime aud shooting him as he approached. There was a woman in the case. ?The Right Rev. Samuel D. Ferguson, colored, who has recently been consecrated Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, has been spending a few days in Charleston. He will visit all* the paincipal cities of the South, and will leave for his station at Cape Palmas, Liberia, on the 25th of this month. ?David G. Wallace, aged about fiftv-five years, left his home in Ebenezer township, York countv, on the first Monday iu May and has not since been heard of. He was in feeble health and his long absence from home cannot be accounted for. Any information concerning him will be gladlv received bv Mrs. Rebecca E. Wallace, Clay Hill, S. C. ?Some time ago, Mrs. Marcella, living near Marcella's Mill, Spars tanburg county, bought a barrel of molasses. When almost empty something was found stopping np Tf ?*?ao Ko/?lr liic lailUWt. XL ? CIO KJUVftj but again stopped it up. When the barrel was broken open it was discovered to be a large rattlesnake?dead, ot' course, but perfectly preserved. ?On last Thursday evening a little negro girl about nine or ten years old, named"Foster, was near her home in rear of Wofford College. She was caught by Bud Mitchel, a black scoundrel about eighteen or twenty, and brutally ravished. A party were out Thursday night looking for him, and had he been caught his life would have paid a speedy forfeit for his crime. It is known that he is in the neighborhood of Glenn Springs and steps have been taken to bring him to justice. ?On Saturday last three negro women went to the house of Gabriel Kleckty, colored, on Colonel Keitt's plantation in Newberry county, and knocked att he door. When Gabriel opened it they jerked him out of the door and threw him down, and one ot them struck him on the head with a four-}>ound rock, making a big hole in the skull. They then caught him by ilif? sind draorcretl him .at: si break-neck speed down a steep hill. He recognized two o the women as Martha Liles and Vinnie Nance, and they were arrested. Kleckly died from the'effeets of his injuries. ?On Thursday evcuing about 9 o'clock Mrs. Busby, of Clifton, Spartanburg county, was building a fire in the stove. She poured some kerosene 0:1 the wood and sat down with the can in her lap, the oil trickling down reached a coal and exploded, bnrsting open the stove. The oil in the can took fire, burst the vessel and wrapped her in flames. She rushed out and . was met by her son, who tried to extinguish it, but vain. She lingered in great agony till Saturday morning, when she died. She leaves* a husband A.wl ?u:l .xl .. ami Vviiiiuiciij iiic yuuiiget uiiijr three fleets old. ?K. Y. McAden, President, and James Anderson, Secretary, of the Ashevillc and Sparianbnrg Railroad and Gabriel Cannon and Simpson Bobo signed on Monday a first mortgage of $500,000 on the Asheville and Spartanburg Railroad to the Central Trust Company of New York. President McAden states that the road will be completed probably by the last of October and certainly bv January 1st, 18SG. The central Trust uompany win tase ine bonds and advance the money as it is needed to complete the road. The contract provides that $40,000 shall be used on this end of the road in building a line to the Air Line depot. An Intelligent Hor?e. There can no lonirer hn :tnv doubt that the iiorse is a ami intelligent animal. lli? admirers have always insisted upon his nobility and intelligence, but very niauy persons have failed to agree with lheni. They have asked: "How can an anini.il be called intelligent who lives in '.err^r o? a sheet of paper lying in iiis puth, and wherein consists the nohiiiiy of the beast who will run away without any provocation whatever and smash a valuable carriage and a more or less valuable driver?" The very fact that an animal as powerful as the horse will consent to be a slave seems to show that he is mean-spirited and s'upid. A lion or a tiger would utterly refuse to spend his life in dragging a Third avenue car, and there can bo no doubt that in all wild-beast circles public opinion is very far from accepting the theory that a norse is cither noble or intelligent. It has remained for ;i Boston horse to vindicate in the most thorough man ner bis right to the high estimate placed upon the horse by all horsey persons. From time immemorial horses have been introduced into dramatic representations, anil hitherto they have accepted without remonstrance any part which a manager might assign to them. J hey have walked meekly on the stage, blinked at the footlights, and walked off again at the proper time. Son e horses, trained to act in "Mazeppa," have allowed large and heavy actresses to be lashed to their backs, and have then solemnly pranced up a winding pathway of wooden rocks and pretended to gallop at a speed of nearly two miles an hour. vWhen one reflects upon the good that might be done by a really intelligent dramatic horse, it seems sad that our stupid horses should so long have failed to avail themselves of the opportunities afforded by the stage. How many oppressive stage villains might have been suddenly kicked into a proscenium box, and how many yellow-haired Mazeppas might have been lifted by their hair and dropped into the orchestra? The Boston horse in question came on the stage in a quiet and undemonstrative way, but he had evidently made up his mind what to do. He walked promptly to the footlights and threw himself into the orchestra, landing on the bass-drum. The harrowing incidental music came to an abrupt pause, and the musicians, who had intended to play "Sweet Violets" at the end of the act, lied in all directions. The bass drum was gloriously and irretrievably smashed, and the horse, having accomplished his noble work, perrtiirtarl thfc Ktrnfirnumernries to lead ?? him quietly away. Here was a noble purpose intelligently executed. It may be said that the failure of the horse to kill one or two fiddlers and the man who plays the cornet solo was reprehensible, but in view of the smashing of the bass drum it would be ungrateful to find fault with the horse for anything. He accomplished his grand purpose of silencing the drum and of frightening the orchestra so thoroughly that it did not venture to play "Sweet Violets" during the whole evening. Let us honor this noble and intelligent animal, and hope that hi* example will be followed by every horse which hereafter spears on any stage.?New York ICS. The Teeth of Imxnigrafats. The reporter of the Utica Observer has been investigating tiie leeth of the immigrants, with the following inter esting results: The immigrant train on the Central this morning was half an hour late,and consisted of one solitary car, in which were forty-seven passengers. "Come with me and take a walk through the immigrant car; I would like to show you tne differences between foreign and domestic teeth." The speaker, addressing-the Observers reporter, was an old and well-known dental surgeon of this city. "I have come down here for the express purpose of noting for myself the teeth of our newly-arrived cousins," said the dentist, as he led the way to the train, which was just pulling into the yard.' In the car were Ger mans, English, Swedes, two Danes and four Polish Jews. "Look at that fellow in the third seat there getting away with that bacon; see those beautiful grinders," said the knight of the forceps as he intently watched a sturdy German who, with a huge jack-knife, was cutting alternate slices of schwarzbrod and bacon which he was putting under his vest with marvelous rapidity. His teeth were indeed magnificent specimens of sound griaders, milky white, evenly grown and regularly set. Passing two seats further on were a mother and two children. The woman was English, and when spoken to displayed very beautiful ivories. In answer to a question of the dentist as to whether she had ever had any trouble with her teeth, she laughed and said, "No, I don't know what toothache is." Behind her was a group of several persons chattinsr together, and while talk ino; they all" displayed perfect teeth. "How do you account for these people having such handsome teeth?" was asked of the dentist. After speaking of the difference between the thick and musty odor within the car and the pure ozone outside, he said: 4,The whole difference is in the food that is eaten. These people at home were wont to eat the coarsest kind of food; they never touch sweetmeats or delicacies of any kind, and consequently the acids which are in all fancy tidbits do not touch their teeth. Therefore, decayed teeth are some;hing utterly unknown to them. 1 have not the least doubt that some of these people never a K VirnoVi Thpv don't think B*" t. ^ of their teeth at all, and yet they look as pearly and round as if "a dentist examined them every day." m ? ^ Slugging as a Society Craze. A tall, thin-chested youn? man, with his shirt-sleeves rolled up displaying a pair of exceedingly scrawny arms, stood vigorously punching a rubber bag suspended by a cord from the ceiling of a small, dingy room in the top story of a teeming business block. Each blow sent the bag flying toward the ceiling, from where it instantly returned with considerable force. The perspiring young man rained blows at the bounding bag, but often missed it. "Keep it up; it's the best work in the world, said a broad-shouldered, under-sized, elderly man encouragingly. For ten minutes the young man continued his exercise, and then sank into a heat) in a chair and panted. "He's one of my p'upils," said the I , professor of sparring, "and he's getting on great, ain't he?" turning to the breathless youth. The latter winked his eyes faintly to indicate that he was and then lumbered painfully into an adjoining dressing-room. "That s one of my latest pupils taking his lesson," said the professor. "The present boom in pugilism brought him to me with a lot of others. Some of them made good ones. I just wish that one man whom I taught would stand up before one of these blowhard professionals. He's a regular dude, a society swell who couldn't lift 200 pounds, and who smokes cigarettes, but he's a terror. Another la-la who has a responsible linancial position could knock out twice his 3ize."?Chicago Tribune. The tin districts of the Malay Peninsula are said to be, without exception, the richest in the world. general news items. ?Thirty-six persons diet! in London last vcar from starvation. ?The production of cotton-seed oil has grown in the last ten years from 3,450,000 gallons to 20,000,000. ?The tramps are complaining >hat the business is lamentably overdone. There are a hundred men now where there was one fifteen years old. ?The Hon. Reuben Ellwood, member of Congress from the fifth Illinois district, died of cancer last week at his residence in Sycamore, Illinois. ?The Lee Camp of Confederate Veterans left Richmond, Va., last week for Auburn, N. Y., and took part in the Fourth of July festivities in that city. ?An Austrian officer recently committed suicide at Cattaro by placing himself in front of the mouth of a cannon and liring it with a match stick. ?Eli Bucl, aged sixty years, of Pittsfield, Mass., last week committed suicide on his first wife's <rrave. His first wife committed suicide bv hanging, and he had been divorced from his second. ?Intelligence was received at Richmond, Va., on the night of the 1st inst., oi tne lonnation or icc in wvine and other southern and southwestern 1 counties in that State. This is some- , thing unheard of in that section at this season. 1 ?Gen. Jackson, United States u.inister at Mexico, has taken the recent residence of President Diaz and established the American legation there. He received a complimentary dinner from the American residents on the Fourth. ! ?Gen. Dent, Gen. Grant's brotherin-law, said on Tuesday: "I am afraid that Gen. Grant wiM not last many days. To-day I received information from the family that the cancer has ] begun to inflame the juirular vein and death is a question of a few days, in the opinion of his physicians." ?The New York Commercial Advertiser, a strong Republican newspaper, says: "Mr. Abram S. Hewitt is talked of among Democrats as a candidate for Governor. Mr. Hewitt would make a good candidate, and would make a good Governor. The sole fear is that his morit will stand in the tcjiv nf his fl/K'niinemenf.." ?King Alfonso at an early hour on Friday morning left in an ordinary train for Aranjnez,travelling incognito. No person was awai*e of his intention ( to make the journey. On his arrival at his deslination the King visited the 1 hospitals and their cholera-stricken patients. Iu the afternoon the King's departure becoming knuwn in Madrid, the Senate and Chamber of Deputies suspended sittings and proceeded to the railway station accompanied bv the Queen to welcome him back. On alighting from :he train he received a tremendous ovation from the vast crowd assembled. The King underwent the usual disinfecting process at the railway station on. his return. A WOMAN. [ trom. the Atlanta Constitution.] "My name is Mary Chapman, and I live at the corner of Williams and Cox streets, Atlanta. I have been a dreadful sufferer from scrofula and running, eating scrofu- i lous ulcers for six years. Have been waited upon during the time by seven Atlanta ( physicians, but they failed to cure me. I also used various advertised remedies without the least benefit. While being ; thus treated, I grew worse all tlie lime. Scrofulous swellings on both sides of my neck?which became running, eating sores, affecting my throat, mouth and nos*. The eating sores on my neck were a mass of corruption almost down to the bones. My throat became so much "affected tjiat I could scarcely swallow, my f--?od lodging in < a portion of my throat. I lost my appetite entirely, lost inv flesh, and was reduced to 60 pounds weight?being a mere skeleton. My whole system became terribly poisoned and in a fearful condition. In this condition I commenced the use of B. B. 1*., and found great relief in the first bottle. ! "When I had used five bottles my health liad so much improved that the ulcers were all healed, the swelling subsided, my appetite returned, my skin became active, my strength returned, and I gained 44 pounds of flesh. I am now healthy, fat and hearty, and am able to do as "much work as any woman, and feel as happy as a lark." KIDNEY COMPLAINT. For over six years I have been a terrible ; sufferer from a troublesome kidney complaiut for the relief <3f which I have" spent over $250 without benefit, and most noted so-called remedies proving failures. The : use of one single bottle of B. B. B. has been marvelous, giving more relief than all , other treatment combined. It is a quick , cure, while others, if they cure at all, are ' in the distant future. ( C. II. EOBERTS, June24 Atlanta, Water Works. i jnnrs PILLS 25 YEARS IH USE. The 6reat8rt?Medical Triumph of tie Age! SYMPTOMS OP A TORPID LIVER. Loam of appetite, Bowels costive* Pain in the bead* with a dnll sensation in tbo < back part* Pain under the shoulderblade* Fullness after eating, vrlth a disinclination to exertion of body or mind, ( Irritability 01 temper, Loir spirits* with a feeling of having nezlected some daty, Weariness, Dizziness, Flattering at the 9 Heart* Dots before the eyes* Headache over the right eye* Restlessness, with fitffcl dreams* Highly colored Urine, and CONSTIPATION. TCTT'S FILLS are especially adapted to sueh cases, one dose effects such a change of feelingas to astonish the sufferer. They Increase the Appetite,and cause the body to Take on Flesli*tbns the system Is nourished, and by their Tonic Action on the l)igestiveOnraas*Itep?larStoolsare | TIITT'S EXTRACT SABSiPABILU Benovates the body, makes healthy flesh, strengthens the weak, repairs the wastes of the system with pure blood and hard muscle; tones the nervous system, invigorates the brain, and imparts toe rigor of manhood. SI. Sold by druegists. OFFICE 44 IHurraySt., New York. THE CHURCHMAN. FOETY-FIRST YEAR,?1885. The Religions Weekly of the Protestant Episcopal Church. A magazine of Ecclesiastical lzteiligcnce, flavor lonal and general reading, and the largest and most Influential weekly In the Protestant Episcopal Ctiurch. In the Xewd Department the energy ol Thk Churchman Is well known, and Its organization Is very complete lor procuring news wbich It gives with remarkable promptness. The Magazine Department alone contains In * yeiir sufficient rerwllng matter to make more than tlve i2mo books of 5ito pages each. Its Book Reviews are a prominent feature. Literary. Art and Scientific Xotes are caretuil.v prepared toy specialists. Its European Correspondents are persons of fnlnent ability. The Children's Department Is Illustrated and specially cdltrd for tin children. 5S>?S.OW ii } Wiir iu au>o/Jcr-, yvoo jjluu. iiircv dciLm. m Clergymen. Single copies ten cents. M. H. MALLOKY & CO., 47 Lafayette Place. \ew York. : Apl2LGm ' j Good Pay for Agents. SIOO to S200 per ( mo. made aclilns oorGrnnd XcwBbtory, ( Famous and Decisive Bat tie* of theWorld Write to J. C. aicCurdy Co., Philadelphia, Pa. ^ nna El A "WHISKY HABITS cured i 81 UI B S *1/3 at home without pain. Book 1 u n u j ( months' treatment in one pact age. Good for Colitf Id the Head, Headache. Dizziness, Hay Fever, <&& j '' " ' . * " ' r- '' " : < 1 /. - x WOMEN Needlac renewed strength, or who suffer from Infirmities oecaliar to their sex. should try ^ I ^^E5T TONIC* This mediciae combines Iron with pore vegetable tonics, and is invaluable for Diseases peculiar to Women, and all who lead sedentary lives. It Enriches and Purifies the Blood, Stiuolates the Appetite, Strengthens the Muscles and Nerves?in fact, thoroughly Invigorates. Clears the complexion, and makes the skin smooth. It does not blacken the teeth, cause headache, or produce constipation?all other Iron medicine* do, Mrs. Elizabeth Baibd, 74 FarwoE Are.. Mflivatitc\-? ?tw? ccfv, 1QQA. "I have used Brown's Iron Bitters, and it has been more >*" '" a doctor to mo. having cured me of the weakness ladies have in life. Also cured me of Liver Complaint, and now my complexion is clear and good. Has been beneficial to my children." Genuine has above trade mark and crossed red lines an wrapper. Take no other. Made only by BROWN CHEMICAL CO^BALTIMOfiE, MB. Ladies' Hjlkd Boos?useful and attractive, containing list of prizes for recipes, information about coins, etc., given away by all dealers in medicine, or mailed to anv address on receiDt of 2c. stamo. MOTHERS' FEIEMD. NO More Terror!iThis invaluable preparation is truly a tri" umph of scientific No More Pain! ^ and no more inw Mwi ? * au"u estimable benefit was ever bestowecLon the STo More Dagger! sliortens the time of i labor and lessens the !intensity of pain, but I better than all, it r , rfL'u isreatly diminishes the j ttLOtner or (juliCl. danger to life of botli i mother and child, and ;leaves the mother in a !condition highly faTJifi TJrpad of 1,1^ , Wiaux iaj ?|jccuj icjcovery, and far less , , jl, , , jliable"to flooding, coi. Mother hoodjvulsions, and other alarming symptoms incident to lingering Transformed to and painful labor. Its truly wonderful efficacy in this respect enEn t:tles the Mothers' w JT J-4 Friend to be ranked as one of the life-saving appliances given to the world by the ?nd discoveries of modern science. From the nature of -y x \ rm the case it will of j / 1 Y/ course be understood \y _J_ . that we cannot publish certificates con cerning this Remjedy j without wounding the ?5af<?tv nnrl F,aseidelicac>'ofthe writers-. Sjaiety ana n, ase. Yet we have lluudreds of such testimonials on i (file, and no mother i ?Tn? 1 ;+ *" ~ I W1IU liU5 VilV,C 18/ | will ever again be j ? _ . __ | without it in her time Suffering womanjof trouble. 1 A prominent physician lately remarked to the proprietor, that if it were admissible to nuke public the letters we receive, the "Mothers' Friend" would out sell anything on the market. Send for our Treatise on "Health and Happiness of Woman," mailed free. Bkadfield Regclatou Co., - Atlanta, Ga. HoMaiD Yiev Hotel. HEALTH AND PLEASURE liESOHT. The All Healing Mineral Springs, / "* t V A1?fTTT TVi urxaivn VUUJII, WE TAKE PLEASURE IN Announcing to our friends and the public that the NEW HOTEL buildings are now open for the accommodation of guests. The buildings are larger, more substantial, better arranged and located1 (THAN THOSE DESTROYED BY FIRE LAST SEASON,) where a good dry atmosphere can be had, overlooking the springs, and valley, which will prove a benefit to the invalid and pleasure seeker. The accommodations and comforts will be found superior to those offered heretofore and will compare favorably with other firstclass resorts. The waters of the All Healing Mineral Springs are well known to cure Dyspepsia and all diseases of the digestive organs, Gravel, Diabetes and Kidney affections, Scrofulous an? Syphilitic complaints, White Swelling and skin diseases generally. All persons afflicted with Lung troubles, find great relief here from the Climate and the Use of the Waters. The Springs are beautifully located, on the Richmond and Danville Railroad in the Piedmont Belt of mountains, and at the base of Crowder's Mountain, being four miles east of Kind's Mountain, six miles West of Gastonia, and two miles south of the Atlanta and Charlotte Railroad known as the Richmond and Danville Line. All persons wishing to find a pleasant and comfortable place, in which to pass a few weeks for health or pleasure, can do no better than to give the ciimate and waters of All Healing^Mineral Springs a trial. For testimonials, Circulars, terms, etc., address. COZZEXS & THOMAS, ALL HlvALIXG P. 0. .Gaston County, North Carolina. June 6 . .\l .{/"V It I I'll j \wlii?jp LF7 mvMMtotPM. I pl|P^ jSrkouisg I"N the complaint concerning our cooks, JL wbicli never seem, to lessen as tne rears go by, but on the contrary seems to (well in volume, we wonder that it has not jccurred to many of those who find the jomplaint unavoidable that they have one vay of remedying matters a good deal in ;heir own hands. An active half hour, ;hree times a dav, with a "HOME COMFORT" WROU&HT IRON COOKING ElANGE in the kitchen, is all that is reluired to prepare the most substantial neal without fatigue, 'Hiese celebrated flanges are sold only iro n wagons by our luthorized salesmen, new making headjuarters at Winnsboro, S. C. XOUI3 UTIUV, WROUGHT ]EON RA.NGE CO., s Hay 13-3m St Louis, Mo. \ . * ' \ ,-mS \ \ J& 1 NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. ' ' ... .. ? i PARKER'S HAIR 3ALSAX The best, cleanest and most economical lialr dressing. Xev? r falls to restore the youtiLful co?or to gray lialr. Tills elegant dressing Is 'i referred by tnose wlio liave used it, to any <?jniiar article, on account ot its superior cleanliness and purity. It contains materials only that are beneficial to the scalp and hair. Parser's Tonic. : ' V.~ i A Pure Family Medicine Tliat Never r Intoxicates. i ! II you are wasting away irora age. dissipation s. ; or any disease or weakness and require a stlm, ulant take PARKER'S TOXIC at once. It will - . ! Invigorate and 'oulld you upTrom the tirst dose j but will never intoxicate. It has saved iiua: dreds or lives, it may save yours. ; hiscox & co., : 163 William Street, Xew York. - : C i 50c. and sizes, ? t ail dealers In medicine. Great saving In buying dollar size. W JE JL 3L $>* HEALTH HENEfER. | Are you failing, try Wells' Health lienewer, a pure, clean, vnoiesome -LTOjSTIC, j For B-aln, Nerves, Scomacii. Liver, Kidneys, ' Lungs. An unequalled lnvigorant. Cures Dyspepsia, Headache, Fever. Ague. Chilis, Debility cmd Weakness. Nice to take, true merit, unequalled f?r Torpid Liver and Night Sweats. Nervous Weakness, Malaria, Leanness. Sexual Decline. Sl.oo per bottle, six xor $5.eo, at Druggists. The Wonderful Success in Consumption, | _ I Bronchitis, Asthma, Spitting or Biood, Sore or Tight Chest. Weak -Lungs, Hoarseness, Sore ; Throat, Loss of Voice. Catarrhal Throat Affectlons, Chronic Hacking. Irritating and Troublesome Coughs. . I E. S. WELLS, Jersey City, X. J., U. S. A. June24L4Tr ' the" ';; | Gotabia Mssic Isms y. JSj " ; - J<f WILL SAVE YOU TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT. BY BUYING { Pirns iMJfps-J OFTHEM. J EVERY INSTRUMENT WARRANTED. .. . ^ r- i?& j DELIVERED AT ANY DEPOT OR STEAMBOAT LANDING IN ---p? THE STATE. \:'^S 0 o ' . VWRITE FOR TERMS AKD PRIC.vS -> 0 0 . ^ SPECIAL TERMS FOR SHORT TIME SALES. Respeeifully, COLUMBIA MUSIC HOUSE, !N. W. TROUP, Manager, 120 MAIN STREET, COLUMBIA; S. C. Local agents in Fairfield County: J. O. BOAG, Wimisboro. A A. MORRIS. Ridsrewav. / : "- v . Charlotte, Columbia & Augusta, It. I? . SCHEDULE IN EFFECT MAY 10,1885,'' ?Eastern Standard Time. . wj&GOING NORTH. _ fT3TO. 53, MAIL A>*D EXPEKS. Leave Augusta 9.05 a. m. " "M Leave W. C. &. A. Junction.....L12 p. m. : Arrive at Columbia .1.22 p. m, Leave Columbia L32 p. m. Leave Killian's ' 1.58 p. m. m Leave Blvthewood . 2.13 p. m " Leave Ridge way .2.34 p. m. ' :-?j> Leave Simpson's 2.47 p..m. Leave Winnsboro 3.02 p.m. ,' -2 Leave White Oak 3.22 p.m. /? ' Leave Woodward's 3.43 p^m. Leave Blackstock : .3.50 p.m. Leave Cornwall's .X58 p. m. i A Leave Chester 4.17 p. m.. Leave Lewis' 4.32 p.m. ' Leave Smith's 4.40 p. m. , jueave aock; inn ...o.uip. m. Leave Fort Mill .5.20 p, m. ' Leave Pineville 5.40 p. m. ' Arrive .it Charlotte 6.10 p. m. '* J Arrive at Statesville 9.35 p. m. No. 30, Way Freight, Passenger Coach Attached, Daily, except Sundays. Leave Columbia 1.55 p. m. Leave "YVinnsboro 5.25 p.m. - ' Leave Chester 8.20 p.m. Arrive at Charlotte 12.45 a. m. ' Tb ~ GOING SOUTH. KO. 52, MAIL AND EXPRESS. " -A Leave Statesville 7.45 a. ml Leave Charlotte 1.00 p. m. Leave Pineville 1.27 p.m. > Leave Fort Mill 1.44 p. m. Leave Kock Hill 2.02 p. ra. Leave Smith's 2.22 p. m. Leave Lewis' 2.30 p m. \ Leave Chester 2.44 p. uC Leave Cornwall's 3.03 p. Leave Elackstock 3.12 p.m. *3?j Leave Woodward's 3.18 p. m. & Leave White Oak 3.30 p. m. Leave Winnsborc 3.48 p. m. ' "M Leave Simpson's 4.03 p. Leave Rid ire wav 4.l<5n. m Leave Blvthewood..; 4.32 p. m. Leave Kalian's 4.49 p. m ' v '^ Arrive at Columbia 5.15 p. m. Leave Columbia 5.25 p.m. Leave W. C. & A. Junction 5.57 ?. iu. Arrive at Augusta' i..9.3$p. iu. yd No. 20, Way Freight, Passsnger Coach Attached, Daiiv, except Sundays. (Leave Charlotte 9.45 p. m. Leave Chester -1.-50 a. m. " - ' Leave WinnsI>ory .>.2."> a. nt. Arrive at Co!u'r.bia K20 a. irt. < Connection is now made at Chester (by trains 52 and .v.) for Lancaster and inter- ^ mcdiatf points C. Ss C. Iu K., ami,f?:r ^ y-'i all iK.inUs <ui C. <& I.. R. R. asfsrras Xra- - : ' ton* N. C. M. SLAUGHTER, G. P. A. 7 : ^ G. R. TALCOTT, Superintendent. D. CARDWELL, A. G.P. A, ? nws MOMTAIK . 1 HIG-H SCHOOL, KIXG'SXOUXTAIX,X.C. ^ A Mathematical and Classical School 4| with a complete BUSINESS COLLEGE ^2 attached. The largest male boardir.g ||| school in Western North Carolina. V.iil- 4M tan* plan, except in its Business Dp'art . . - -1 menfc. One hundred and forty students hist year?over ninety boarded, It^gradu- > *' ates"in Bookkeeping 3'1 hterativo positions jMjT in even". Southern State. Oo'<j hundred/^"-** "y dollars "will wnvr ait expense 'of full course - r in Business College. Two hundred"dolfarx \ will cover all expense foe ton months in VI regular departments. ard famish both dress and fr.ticue su;.ts of uniform. - ' ?xt session opens !Mth August, 1SS5.' Send for Catalogue to* W. T. R. BELL, A. 31., JulyOL2m Principal. > AITEW1?5, IF -A. 3Eo 35. S Iw~r"r w E offer you the celebrated Peterkin ? Cotton Seed at $1.50 per bushel. It will give forty per cent, of lint, and equal the yield in seed cotton of any other variety, * n \Ve are agents for the Dee ring Binders. 1 Reapers and Mowers, the Thomas Rake, ~:? Corljin and A.cme Harrows, Farquhar Cot ton Plasters, Iron Aire Cultivators, Saw . , ! Mills, Engines, Gins, Presses. Plows, Etc. Repairs for Champion and Buckeye Ma? JB chines and for Watt Plows. Write to us. JBk MVAf A <TP X' fTTTJUTC CT|3 MariLGm Columbia, S.' ? -j