University of South Carolina Libraries
FALLIN BIRTH RATE State of Affairs That Presents Some Interesting Phases ONLY ALIEN AND NEGRO NORMAL Cointry Now Largely Dependent Up on the Foreign-Born Woman For Its Increase of Population Except in the South, Where Progressive .Decrease in Rate Since 1860 Has Been Much Less Marked. Washington, Special.-That there has been a persistent decline of the birth rate in the United States since 1860 is the conclusion reached in a bulletin issued by the Census Bu reau. The bulletin is by Prof. Walter P. Wilcox, of Cornell University, and It is explained that "although the analysis made offers many suggestions as to probable tendencies in the birth rate of the United States, it is, pri marily, not a study in birth rates, but Indicates a study in the proportion of children to the total population or to the number of women of child-bear ing age." "The re.t. ' .he study shows that at the bem I:, of the nineteenth cen tury the children under 10 years of age constituted one-third and at the end less than one-fourth of the total population. The decrease in this pro portion began as early as the decade of 1810 to 1820, and continued uninter ruptedly, though at varying rates, in each successive decade. Between IS50 and 1860 the proportion of children to women between 15 and 49 years, the child-bearing age, increased, but since 1860 it has constantly decreased. It is stated that the decrease has been very unequal, but that if the compu tation is made upon the basis of 20 year periods it has been regular. In 1860 the number of children under 5 years of age to 1,000 women 15 to 49 years of age was 634; in 1900. it was only 474. The proportion of children to potential mothers in 1900 was only three-fourths as large as in 1860. No attempt is made by the author of the bulletin to determine the probable causes of this decline. An extended ar gument by Gen. Francis A. Walker is given, suggesting that it is largely due to the influx of foreigners and the re sultant shock to the population in stinct of the natives. In the general decrease between 1890 and 1900 not a sngle State of the North Atlantic division took part. In seven other States, also, there was no decrease. In only six States, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky and Indiana, did the proportion decrease in each of the five decades; and in only Delaware, District of Columbia, Wisconsin. Minnesota, Iowa, Oregon and Colorado did it follow the tenden cy for the cbuntry as a whole, that is, increase from 1850 to 1860, and de crease in the four succeeding decades. In 1900, for the United States as a whole, the proportion of children was only two-thirds as great in cities as in the country districts. In the North At lantic division, however, it was al most as great in the cities as in the country. In the Southern djivision it is ' hardly more than half as large in the cities as in the country; while in the far West the difference is interme diate in amount. This, it is explained, is probably due, in large measure, to the fact that the immigrant population who have been swarming into the Northern cities of recent years, espe cially into the cities of the North At lantic States, havt been multiplying lantic States, have been multiplying by numerous births with much rapid ity, while the corresponding laboring class which has immigrated to South ern cities from the surrounding coun try aistricts has not been thus increas ing." A comparison is made between the proportion of children born of native mothers to 1,fl00 native women of child-bearing age and the proportion of children born of foreign-born mothers to 1,000 foreign-born women of child bearing age. In 1900 the former pro portion was 4C2, the latter '710, the difference indicating the greater fecun-I dity of foreign-born women. The bulle tin continues: "The comparison also indicates that the total decrease in fecundity .,f white women between 1890 and 1900 was the result of a decrease for native white women, partly offset by an in crease for foreign-born white women. "In the Atlantic divisions, how ever, there was a slight increase in the proportion of children born to native white mothers, and in the South cen tral division there was but a slight de crease- The decrease for the whole country, therefore, was the result very largely of the great decrease in the North central and Weestern divisions. Was Offered to Mr. Cleveland. Norfolk, Va., Special.-In connec tion with the selection of Harry St. George Tucker for the presidency of the Jamestown Exposition, which was announced recently, it has devel oped that the presidency was offered to former President Cleveland sev eral months ago and that he consider ed the offer for some time before final ly making up his mind that it would be out of the question for him to accept. Mr. Cleveland will probably be chair man of the -advisory board of one hun .dred dislin-guidhed Americans who will be asked to serve the exposition. President Not to Visit Tennessee City R. Price president of the chamber of commerre. through which body an in vitation was extended to President Roosevelt to visit Knoxville on his Souther'n tour', is in receipt of a let ter statlng that the President's South ern trip has been planned with a view to visitu. the principal cities of only those States not :ncludedi in previous tours. The President will have no time to visit Tennessee cities. Georgia Legislature Adjourns. Atlanta, Ga., Special. - Georgia's Legislature adjourned at 9:45 o'clock Fridany night, closing its session, con stitutionally limited to 50 days. Until almost the last moment the fight last ing for several days between the two branches of the Legislature continued over a bill fixing the general State li quor licease. the Senate contending for $300 and the House for $500. The for mer figurce was a greed upon. Other fea iures ci the sessions have been the - creatien of eight new counties, mnak ing the total 145. also the disbanding of the five negro companies in the State nilir org<nizaion. SOUTH CAROLINA CROP BULLKIN: Weather Conditions Given Out by the Department Obse ver. The South Carolina section! of the climate and crop service of the De partment of Agriculture issues the following official bulletin of weatger and crop conditions for the past week: The mean temperature for the week ending 'Moaday, August 14th, was slightly above normal over the eastern half and slightly below over the western. The extremes were a maximum of 103 degrees at Blackville on the Sth and a minimum of 64 de grees at Greenville on the 9th. There was less than the usual amount of sunshine. High winds damaging to corn and cotton, prevailed during the middle of the week in the western counties. Bottom lands were flooded along the upper portions of the Sa luda, Broad. Wateree' and Great Pee Dee rivers and their tributaries and considerable corn destroyed. The long drought was broken over the entire State. The rainfall was heaviest in the central counties where it amounted in places, to over six inches, and was least in Beaufort and Georgetown counties where it was generally less than half an inch. Tlere was rain nearly every day and the ground is now thoroughly satu rated. The rain was needed and in places was very beneficial, but in others it caused deterioration in crops especially cotton and interfered with farm work especially haying and pull ing fodder. Nearly all crops have been laid by. and further cultivation is now impraiteicable. With very few eceptions the re oorts on cotton indicate rapid de terioration due to excessive sheddin., rust and the plants turning yellow. These conditions prevail over practi cally the entire State, but are most marked on sandy lands. In many places growth has stopped, vhile in a few the plants are making new growth. Boils are opening rapidly in the south and central counties and considerable has b'een picked. The exessive heat of t he 5th, 6th, 7th and 6th was very damaging to cotton. There is a general improvement in the condition of late corn due to the ample moisture which came oppor tunelv. Tobacco curing is nearly fin ished. Peas. sweet potatoes and all varieties of cane are doing well. The frequent rains interfered with prepa rations for full truck crops. Rice made fine progress. Pastures im proved rapidly and again afford fine rzing. Turnips were sown exten sively. Late friuits, especially apples and peaches are rtting badly. J. W. BAUER, -eetion Director. Very Nar-ow I'scape. Blacksburg, Special.-A party con sisting of Messrs. R. C. Wright~ and A. M.' Deal, Mrs. S. M. Deal, her mother, Mrs. 1bagis, all of Columbia, and Mrs. Jno. Scott of Atlanta, were returning from Cherokee Falls on Broad river. In crossing a small stream, wvhich was swollen out of its banks. the horses balked when near the opposite side from which they en tered. breaking the harness, and leav ing the carriage and its occupants to the mercy of the swiftly flowing and rapidly. rising stream. By the eroic efforts of the gentlemen. and by wading a short distance the ladies ere rescued, and throtigh the kindly >ffices of a passing countryman and his mules the carriage was brought mt of the stream and the now happy party enabled to proceed on their wa reocicng. and insteadl of a watery trv they had only suffered a Milit immersion. They are all on a visit to Mrs. M. E. Deal of this place and Dr. S. M. D~al of Columbia has ar rived to join the family reunion. Conductor Bull Injured. Gnvi.1 Sp.ecial.-Charles E Bull. a well knownt freight conductor of the Southern railway. who re.ide1s in this city, was thrown from the frnt door 'of his caboose at Juneau. a flag stop five mles south of Char:! lotte on the main line of the South e'n and dangerously injured by being rmt over by the car fromt which hie was ])recipitated. Gored by a Bull. Anderson Special.-Mr. Eugene Snipes, a former living some distaniee below the city, was painfully goredI by an infutriated bull Wednesday afternoon. HeI had gone to the cow~ lot to milk his cows when the bull iexpectedly attacked him. He was oredi several times and severelv\ ~ruised about the bodiy, and( it is eer tai that lie would have been killed1 had not others come to his rescue and Wjjih the aid of pitchforks driven off the maddened animal. .Just as soon as Mr. Snilnes was rcecued lhe cuered a pistol and killed The bull. Probably a Peddler. Rock Hill. Special.-The body of a white mlan, aged abo'ut (it years. was found lying beside the railway track near the Manchester mas The hadi vas restin on01 a erossJte ThereC wer~e no marks to show fo1'l ')'Jv or lhat he had be en stiruck hv a trin. Thle night before the body was found :a man answerii:- the d.escr~iinf the one found dead' applied for sh'elter at a house in the mill village Senator Tillman Challenged. Spartanburg, Special.-Mr. C. P. Sims, the attorney of this city, has challenged Senator Tillman to a joint debate on the dispensary. Mr. Sims bs recently been prominently before the public as attorney' for certain of the Spartanburg dispensory oficeials during the recent invest igation here. One letter sent Senator Tillman not having been answered, another chal PLUNGED TO DEATH, Loaded Excursion Train Goes into Open Draw Bridge CARELESSNESS OF THE ENGINEER Excursion Train Ran Into an Open Draw Bridge, the Engine and Two Cars Loaded With Negroes Going, Into Deep Water. Norfolk, Va., Special.-Owing to the nability of Engineer D. L. Reig to ,ontrol his air breaks, an excursion 'rain from Kinston, N. C., bound to this city, plunged through an open raw in a bridge over the western branch of the Elizabeth river at Bruce station, eight miles from Norfolk, rhursday afternoon, and a half hun Ired persons, mostly negroes, were drowned. Up to a late hour Thursday aight only seven bodies had been re :overed from the wreckage. The list :f injured, so far as can be ascertain ad, numbers nearly one hundred, :hough most of these are slightly hurt. A large number of physicians from :his and nearby cities have gone to the cene. Only Two White Victims. Among the victims, the only white ynes were Edward Joliffe, manager of he -excursion, and Edward Forbes, who assisted him, both of Greenville, >\i. C. The Merritt wrecking organigation lispatched an expedition tc the scene 'or the purpose of raising the sunken :ars, which lie in about 35 !eet of wa :er. Until the cars are raised, no accu ate estimate of the number of dead :an be given. The train was composed of an en ,ine and six passenger cars. The en ,ine and two cars went through the iraw, leaving the four rear cars on :he track. One car was completely sub nerged and the other partly submerg ad. Nothing is visible of the locomo ive, not even the smoke stack. It is believed every occupant of the first ar perished. The dead can be gotten )ut only by diving under the car. Struggle Terrible to See. The scene following the wreck was yne of indescribable horror, with the hrieking of men, women and child en, who were drowning, struggling >ut of the partly submerged coach and loating in the river. The passengers who were uninjured mmediately started to rescue those mprsoned in the cars. Norfolk and Portsmouth were communicated with and the physicians were sent out >n a wrecking train. Many people in :he neighborhood went to the scene )f the wreck and helped in the rescue. rhe injured were taken to the track )mbankment and were attended there )y the physicians. Collins Ferguson, the colored bridge :ender of the Atlantic Coast Line, was knocked from the bridge by the im pact, and killed. Engineer Reig and Bireman Alfred Cooper, colored, es :aped by jumping. Trains before and Behind. The wrecked train left Kinston, N. ., at 7 o'clock Thursday morning ith 165 colored excursionists for Torfolk. It was due to arrive at Nor olk at 1 o'clock the same day. Fol owing this train was another excur ion. over the same road bringing 300 3xcursionists from Rocky Mount, N. C. Preceding the wrecked train was still mnother excursion train carrying some 00 merchants and others from Augus :a, Ga., Charleston, S. C. and Jackson rille, Fla., bound to Baltimore, Phila elphia and New York for the pur :hase of fall goods. The first train arrived at 8:30 3eloc]g Thursday morning without ac-. 3ident and the Augusta, Jacksonville m~d Charleston merchants all left for :he North Thursday night by water. rhe Rocky Mount excursionists and :he survivors of the wreck were >rought here over the Norfolk & West rn. Ennineer Couldn't Explain. The Atlantic Coast Line officials are. it a loss to know why Engineer Reigs 'ailed to stop his train before coming :o the draw, as required by the rules >f the road. An investigation of the ause of the. wreck will be made at >nce, and the responsibility placed where it belongs. Reigs, himself, could make no ex planation. He was brought to Nor ~olk. He was taken from the barge on ~he shoulders of three men. He enter ad the hospital ambulance on his :nees, crawled to a pillow in the front nd buried his head in it. He could >nly tell that his name was S. B. Reigs and that hais home was in East Radford, Va. He could not give the ause of the disaster, and the ambu ance was hurried at once to the hos pital. By Wire and Cable. Capt. Ruser, of the steamship Mfoltke, reports unusual activity on the part of the Gulf Stream in the path of steamers. Chicago advices indicate that the sugar rate war between Eastern rail. roads and the Gulf lines hr s been ter minated. A negro entered the home of an Episcopal edergyman in New York and struck down the minister and his wife. He was himself killed by a policeman in trying to escape. The Japanese papers are divided in their views as to the outcome of the peace negotiations. The yellow fever situation in New )rleans was not materially changed. The Hongkon~g authorities forbade hinese to hold a meeting to agitate urther the American boycott. A cordial welcome was given the Taft arty at Iiolio, Philippines. In the Norwegian referendum only 61 votes were cast in favor of contin ing the union with Swenden. Because it was not apporvedl by uecn Wilhekin.~ the Dutch Cabinet ~ecently named has len recast. Nursery Association Meets. Norfolk, Special-The Southern Nur ery Association, which embraces the principal fruit interests south of Bal ~imore met here. J. Van Lindly, of Pomona. N. C., is president of the as ociation. There are about 75 delegates n attendance at the cenvention. The ime of the boiy was taken up princi ally. with the reading of reports and paprs on special subjects of interest PALMETTO AFFAIRS Occurrences of Interest in Various Parts of the State. Ccneral Cction MV-arket. (Jz'uriam, steady....., .. Now: rl:ms. quiet.. Nibile. nominl .......... I I i:m <pzuiet.... Norfolk. ste:1iy.... ........ .100; Iliilaehii. steady........10% flosto. steady.........10 A sta, firm .. .. .. .. .. .....10% s ,firm.... .. ... ....10 > Charlotte Cotton Market. These figuires represent piies paid to w qe. .0 Strict l ia le.a........10/5 GIto. tead.. . . .. . ..30% .Strict idlin... .... ....10 Miino......... .. ....10% Stauis ....... ..... .. ....to 9 Spartanburg Schools. Spartanburg. Special.-The 20th annual report of Sparanburg grad ed schiools, ionpiled by Superinten dent Frank Evans, a..d printed in attractive book form, -will be issued within a few days. This report co tainis a great deal of itnerestino mat ter pertaining to tbe educational af fair of the city. The following is a summary of general statistis: Pop elation of city in 1900, 11,39; pop lation in 1905 (estimated) 15,000; atmeration 16 to 20 (estimated), ta0ns: number of pupils in ubli sehools, 2,44 average daily atten dance 1,76 per cet. of white, 90; per cent. of colored, SS; number of wile t0achers, 28; number of col ored teachers, 10; number pupils per teaeber, 47; number school buildings, 4: value school buildings, $44.000; value school lots, $23,000: school fur niture and aparatus. $6.500; value of libraries. $350. The receipts for the school year 1904-05 amounted to $21.405.71, and the expenditures to $21,000.43. Clemson College Report. The report on Clemson College has been issued. It shows that the farm ers' college established for the poor boys. has become one of the richest and most expensive institutions in the South. The attendance is about 000, and, in many particulars, the school is doing a splendid work in turning out boys with occupations by which they can earn a good living. The report shows that $155.212 was spent for the last scholastic year. Much of this came in from what is known as the fertilizer privilege tag tax. a tax of 25 erts a ton on comn mrial fertilizers from the manu facturers. This tax last year amount ed to $11S,000 and will be about the same this year. A fight was made in the last Legislature to have this tax dividedI with Winthrop, but the scheme, after a vigorous fight, was killed in the Senate. Two Anderson Oficers Wounded by Rufins. Anderson, Special.-Sheriff Nelson R. Green and his deputy, W. N. Scott, received slight wounds at the far mers' barbecue last week in arresting four young men of the county for dis orderly conduct. The men are A. L. Whitten and three brothers named Richev. It seems that these men ere cursing and talking loudly at the table and when they were ordered by the sheriff to keel) quiet one of themi resisted the officer, who was cut across the abdomen. His deputy was also slightly wounded. The men were taken into custody and are now in the county jail. South Car:>Iina Items. The election held in Union county to v~ote out the dispensary resulted in a large majority for "the dry tick Captain Tillman H. Clark, one of tle tonders of tl:e town of Trenton, died Wednesday night. lie was a popular and useful citizen. Senator Tillman spoke at Anderson last week. In his speech he outlined a lan to lput the dispensary into the ands of the governor, the attorney general and the comptroller general; that these purchase the supplies for a var at a time from tihe lowest re sponsible bidder, the bids to be ac comphanied by bond for faithful per formance of contract. Robert Havnsworth was killed by a live elee1nie wive at Dar lington Thursay. He had gone out to re nar soo ehc rie \ight wires that were broken by a sto!rm. and caught hldG of a live' wire, resulting in in stant death. Thec South Caroliua Industrial and Comriereial associati on was organized last week. the membexrsihip being comn posed of progres-ivo young :uen rep enta'" tlue bord of trade and sh buisiness uu:a~ nzains in the ~ites of tile State. Stemers no'?:piy regularly be wen Georgetown and Columbie. It is saidi that freigiht rates will be Member of Saluda Bar Passes Away. Sauda. Specia.-A 'phone message re(eivd here annutunces the sudden de~lh of MIr. .Jolhn Gr'egorv. an at tornerQ of this bar, near Oldtown, in NMbrrv county, aboutt noon1 Thurs day. Mir. Gregory resided here and pratied at this bar. He left Saluda 1'hursay moning, saying he was go ing 1)apeli. Qn arriving at a uous. w-r Olown he complained o feeli:: badlyv andl died soon af tr;ards. He leaves a wife and one PRIVATE CAR LINES Man!y Complaints From Mary Sec. lions !ave Been Lodged INTER-STATE COMMISSION ACTS Southern, Seaboard, Atlantic Coast Line and Other Railroads. Along With the Armour Car Line tnd Other Such Concerns Are Made Re spondents in Proceedings. Wasbington, Special.-The inter State commerce commission, on its own initiative and as a result of complaints against private car lines, unexpectedly began an investigation of the relations between railroads and refrigerator lines, by which it is charged that the act to regulate inter-State commerce is being violated in several specified par ticulars. The complaint set forth by the commission is directed against the Armour Car Line, the American Refrig erator Transportation Company, the Santa Fe Refrigerator Dispatch, and the following railroads: St. Louis & San Francisco, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, St. Louis, Iron ountain & Southern, Central of Geor gia, Southern Atlantic Coast Line, Sea board Air Line, Pennsylvania, South ern Pacific, and Kan,:as City South ern. The railroads and refrigerator lines are made respondents in proceedings which require that specific answer to all allegations be made to the inter State commerce commission by Septem ber 5. It is charged that by way of rebates r other devices the refrigerator lines are acting for the railroads as author ized agents, and the railroads, acting through the refrigerator lines, are col lecting and receiving for the refrigera tion of fruit and vegetables lower rates from some shippers than they are con temporaneously receiving for similar service rendered to other shippers. This is held to be in violation of section 2 and 3 of the act to regulate inter-State commerce. Another charge is that failure and neglect to publish at shipping stations and file with the inter-State commerce ommission the rates and charges im posed for the refrigeration of fruits and vegetables, constitutes a violation of section 6 of the inter-Stace commerce act. The commission alleges further that the charges published jointly by the re frigerator lines and the railroads for the refrigeration of fruits in certain specified territories are unreasonable, unjust and in violation of section 1. The territories described are Missouri, Adkansas, Indian Territory, Texas, California to Eastern points, Louisiana and Kansas, and Georgia, South Caro lina and North Carolina, to New York. Complaints against the private car lines extend over the entire life of the first act to regulate inter-State com merce and all acts amendatory thereto. Hearings have been had in various sec tions of the country, and not infre quently have changes in the schedules been made for the announced purpose of remedying alleged abuses. Combi nations of railroads and .private car lines have prevented any wholesale regulation of these rates. Charges of discriminations against small shippers have poured in on the commission for a number of years. The matter has been made the subject of investigation by ongressional committees. and several laws have been passed giving increased powers to the commission in an effort to reach alleged combinations said to be prohibitive of the small shipper en tering into competition with shippers leasing by the year large numbers of private cars. The action taken by the inter-State ommerce commission now indicates a belief that certain cases set forth in the proceedings can be reached under the present laws. In any event, the pro eedings are looked upon as a test. and it is declared they will prove of inesti mable value in informing Congress what new laws are needed for national ontrol of private car lines where com binations are made with railroads which affect the freight and refrigera tion sedule. For National Assembly. st. Petersburg, by Cable.-A com mission has been appointed to draw up a manifesto which will be issued by the Czar announcing the convocation of a proposed national assembly. This ommission will be composed of Ba ron Inskoul Von Dildebrandt, M. Ma noukhen and Stiestunsky and Prose cutor Gene'ral Pobiedonostzef. Killed by N. & W. Agent. Roanoke, Va., Special.-A Roanoke Times special from Wytheville, Va., says that Frederic. Borchers, a pros pector from Philadelphia, who has been prospecting on Cripple Creek, this county, for several months, was shot and killed while returning from Wytheville by Charles W. Gose, Nor folk & Western Railway agent at Cripple Creek station. Borchers and Gose had some misunderstanding aout some money. Borchers came to Wtheville at a late hour last night. and after attending to some business hre left for Cripple Creek. He was met by Gose on the mountain, where h was killed. Pays Big Dividend. New York, Special.-The Standard Oil Company has declared a quarterly dviderd of S6 per share, payable September 15th to stock of record of August 18th. This makes $30 per share dclared so far this year against $20 per share for the same time last year. By Wire and Cable. By a practically unanimous vote, Norway declared in favor of the disso ltion of the union with Sweden. The 'contemplated session of the pace envoys Monday afternoon was omitted in deference to the wishes of the Russians, who desired to observe the Sabbath, both Russians and Jap anese going to church. M. Witte still wants the sessions of the envoys public. but the Japanese say Count Cassini insisted upon secre cy some time ago.. President Roosevelt is authority for the statement that Congress will prob. ably not be called together in extra The mayor of Richmond signed the nanxtion ordinaate. SOUTHERN : ToPICS OF iNTEREST TO THE PLAt 1'reparing Land For Alfalfa. I. .T. C., Franklin, writes: "I hav about three acres of land 'which I de sire to seed in alfalfa. For the pas four years I have been seeding thi: down to crimson clover in the- fall turning this under in the spring an planting corn. The land is mediun stiff with clay subsoil. I would liki your advice how to proceed to get thi land in alfalfa. I have another pieco of land that has only been in cultiva tion since last year. Last year it was seeded to cowpeas and in the fall ti crimson clover. wheat, rye and oats Would you advise seeding this land t< alfalfa'' Answer-It would be well for you t( turn under the crimson clover on th4 land intended for alfalfa, plow it dowi deeply. work carefully, and seed t( eowpeas as soon as possible.. Plow un der these about the first of September and subsoil at the same time. goin, down as deeply as possible behind th< turning plow. You can not get to( much vegetable matter and nitrogei in the soil for alfalfa nor make thi land too rich. When you sow the cow peas you might make an applicatior f 200 pounds of sixteen per cent. aci phosphate and fifty pounds of muriat( of potash, and repeat this- applicatioi when you seed the alfalfa. Sow at the rate of twenty pounds of seed, and in, oculate either by soil or artificial cul. tures as you see fit. After the alfalfM is up a light application of nitrate 0l oda, say, fifty pounds per acre,.-wil be beneficial. Do not clip or pasturE the alfalfa during the fall. If a good tand is obtained it may be cut for hay the next year when just coming intc bloom. If it seems sickly and is yel owish in appearance, clip frequently throughout the summer. The other piece of land which you ntend to put in alfalfa should be treated somewhat the same. If it iE poor it is hardly worth while to sow alfalfa on it until it has been mad( ich and freed of weeds. for weeds con stitute one of the most serious draw backs to alfalfa culture. If you dc eed to alfalfa sow the cowpeas al nce and plow them under and treat at ilready outlined. If conditions are un Eavorable for seeding in the fall ii would be better to again sow the land to crimson clover, or some other win ter growing legume and break up ,early in the spring and seed the alfalfa ai that time. If the ground is dry and the season backward the alfalfa wil: aot germinate and make a good stand before cold weather comes on, and it it ardly worth while to seed it, as it wil: be almost certain to result in failure.7 Professor Soule. Inoculating Lard For Cowpeas. E. A. S.. Richmond, Va-., writes: vould like some suggestions as to whla1 would be the best way to inoculat( 300 acres for cowpeas. Answer: Peas often do fairly wel without inoculation, as the seed il large and very often covered witil the bacteria which produce the nodulet or this particular c'rop. When growi an poor land the first year, however they are likely to show a large numbei >f nodules, and therefore- inoculatioI is a matter of some considerable con cern. We would be glad to- send yot the inoculating material from the- sta tion if it were possible for- so large at area, but it would cost you consider able, and it is likely that you- could ar range to get a few loads of earth fron a field which grew the peas success fully last year. but you should be, cer tai that the peas formed a large num ber of nodules. Get about 200 poundt >f earth for each acre you intend- t< sow in peas and mix with the seed ani lrill together, or you could broadc'as1 the earth over the land and then g< ahead and seed the peas. One hun :red pounds of earth are often consid red sufficient. but it is better- anc safer, as a rule. to use 200 pounds You could probably get the earth at Lower cost than we could f'urnish yoi the material, and It is doubtful if w< eould undertake to furnish enough fo: 300 acres. as tihe demand on us foi sall amounts is very great. and W4 are having- great difficulty in getting ut enough bacteria for the principa: leguminous crops to supply the need! >f tile small farmer. Soil inoculatiol s safe and is recognized as- effectiv< nd under the circumstances I fee justified in advising strongly the im portance~ of inoculating your land fo.i black peas.-Andrew M. Soate. Destroying sassafras Sprouts. W. I. C., Stewartsville, writes: "3i would like to know how to kill sassa fras sprouts. I used lime and havE succeeded in getting red clover or part of it. but the sassafras seems- t< get thicker eac'h year. I have heart that common salt would kill the stuff nd I fear if I put it on thick enougi to kill the sassafras 'it would kill th< trees." Answer-The most effective methoi of destroying sassafras sprouts tha has come to my attention is througl Pointed Paragraphs. Sacrifice always looks most attiac ive when it is too late to give it. Better is it to be able to makt riends than to build up finances. The greatest place of honor is thE ml that duty gives. Repencftanlce does not unto the pow 3r of evil example. You cannot increase short weigh v'ithi heav'y words. All great work accomplished is bu m outlook for larger work. The word of salvation is always i: ;eason. The fear of the Lord secures thi light of the dcvii. The lowering brow doez not provr the heavy brain. Walking worthily means more thai walking wearily. Sueprstition is what you do not be lieve science is what you do. Prosperity is not synonymous wit] Providnce FA R1M/10TE8 -@-a D !TER. STOCKMAN AND TRUCK GROWER. the use of a very heavy strong plow; that can be run at a depth of ten or . twelve inches in the soil so as to ef fectually get under the roots and tear them out and bring them to the sur face. If necessary put on four mules, and run the plow so as to cut and tear the roots loose in the soil. Then. if you will run a heavy harrow over the land, or, better still, some form of cul tivator that has curved teeth on the same principle used in many corn cul tivators, you will be able to gather the roots together in bunches on top of the ground, and after allowing them to dry awhile you can burn and destroy. them effectually. Of all the methods I have ever seen and tried this has proven to be the most satisfactory, and I am sure it will work wel under proper conditions, for I have seen a! number of fields literally infested with sassafras cleaned up as suggested. Lime and salt will not destroy sassa fras roots from what I know of this pest, and I agree with you in believing that if enough lime were used to be of service that it would be more or less likely to- injure the trees- growing o the land.-A.. M. Soule. Improving Corn by Selection of Seed. H.. C.. R..,. Claxton, writes" I would like to- know what you think of the .value of seed selection for corn. Answer:: There is no doubt but that the yield of corn can be increased through judicious selection so- as to ob tain a strain that will be more prolific than many varieties now grown. In experiments r have made IC have noted that where SOO stalks were planted to' the acre not more than 6000' ears were sometimes harvested; whereas, im other plats with'an equal number of stalks as many as 9500 ears: were har vested. It is easy to see, therefore, that some varieties are more- prolifie than others, and as a matter of fact, there are quite a number of stalks in practically all corn fields which are barren. These stalks are large enough to 'produce a heavy ear and would of ten do if the variety were selected so as to avoid any sterile stalks. Corn breeding may be compared in impor tance to animal breeding; just as strik ing and valuable results can be ob tained by giving care to selecting de sirable strains of corn as have resulted in the systematic effort to- develop a trotter of phenomenal speed in Amer ica.. The analogy in the two instances is complete and would answer your question as fully as pages of facts of similar importance.-Professor Soule. Low Headed Trees. The old style orchard was often high headed,. with- the limbs well up out of the way. - The idea was to- train the tree so- high- that teams could be driv-,. - en- under and to keep the limbs above the reach of' cattle. Now that these items are- of' less importance to most orchardists the tendency is in the op posite direction, until .T. H. Hale asks pertinently:: "What's the use of a trunk anyway?"' It may be said in favor of' the low d'own tree that the frult may be picked at considerably less cost and is not so likely to be blown off by the wind. Spraying is. alsos less difficult. It i's in many ways the better tree for those who- do not cultivate directly, under large trees and who keep cattle away from the orchard.. In a row of the summer apples the trees were cut back much shorter than in many or chards,. consequently the limbs are sturdy enough to hold the fruit with out bending. These trees averaged about four cases to the tree. The trees branch out about eight or ten- inches from the ground. Keep Dnckling Dry. It is. claimed that the Pekin d'uck will thrive well without ponds. It is. true that the ducklings can be more easily raised away from ponds- or streams than when allowed to have ac cess thereto, but this is due to the- fact that most of the ducklings are hatched with incubators during the winter sea son, when the cold. waters of the pond would chill them and cause loss. Young ducks will thrive better if they are kept away from the ponds untils they are well feathered. but despite all claims in favor of the Pekin ducks as being adapted to. dry locations,. my ex perience is that the adult ducks are more contented when they have a pond. Like ail aquatie birds, they en joy the water;, and they will thrive on an open field away from water (ex cept for drinking), yet they give the best results when they have the privl eges .of a pond. Remedy For Potato Bugs. Here is a: true and tried remedy to use for potato bugs: Take the boughs of the cedar tree, limbs and all, cut them up and put into- a pot and boil for two hours. When: cool apply 'with a broom on the potato vines. The writer' has tried the above receipt, and it killed or made the bugs move from his pateh.-Polk County NewsL Shot Husband For Burglar. Royston, Ga., Special.--Ex-Senator and County School Commissioner W. H. Cobb, of this place, was fatally shot by his wife for a burglar. He was unconscious until his death at 1:30 o'clock in the morning, Mr. Cobb was shot twice, one shot taking effect in the head,- ahe other taking effect ini the abdomen. No Fever in Missippi. tJackson, Miss., Special.--There is no yellow fever cases in Mississippi, according to the official announcement made by the State Health Board. The suspicious cases reported at Holly Springs and Yazoo City were diagnos ted by experts and~ both pronounced ordinary types of malaria. The board has inaugurated a policy of sending yeilow fever experts out on special trains wherever' a suspicious case 16