The palmetto leader. (Columbia, S.C.) 1925-196?, June 25, 1955, Image 1
; - 4
" ^ Tgfl
VOL. XXX.?NO. 25
_ to
I - 3 ?
~ Supreme Com Cases
Fccuseu ac 1
m
7"?0 DELEGATES MAP CIVII.
EIGHTS ACTION PROGRAM AT
ATLANTIC CITY, GOV: MEYNER
ADDRESSES CROl'P
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.?
(ANP).?The r,(5th annual NAACP
Convention opened hero Tuesday
with some 750 delegates, fi'?>in :>0
slates and the District of Columbia
i?i attendance. The six-<luy
moot will close S* P !<v afternoon
with a mass u> > In* address
cd l>y the Assocgi.Ion's now executive
secretary, Roy Wilkins.
Methods of implementing t h e
the Supreme court's ruling of May
31 which ordered a * "prompt"
start' toward school integration
will be given major attention p t
the convention. In addition to the
school segregation issue, delegates
will consider civil rights programs
in such fields as legislation,'employment,
housing, transportation
and recreation. *
Tuesday's opening was spotlighted
at the Atlantic (jity High
school auditorium convention
headquarters with a memorial
meeting for 'WaUer "White, the
organization's late executive secretary.
Joining in paying tribute
B. SpiUg^rn, N A A CP's nat ional
president; Dr. ('banning To
bias, national hoard chairman;
Miss L. Pearl Mitchell of Cleveland,
speaking for the membership,
and Wilkins, who spoke f<S1
the national office staff.
GOVERN OK ADDRESSES CONVENTION
??New Jersey-'s Gov.- Robert B.
Meyney addressed the opening
session of the convention welcont
?ring the delegates. oh-behalf of his
state. William F~ Sehnitzler, secretary-treasurer
of the A.F. of L.j
and Thurgood Marshall, NAACP'S
special counsel, also addressed the
(Opening session.
Proceeding t h p convention
opening, the NAACP legal staff
r held un ail-day sesaiojfcViMonday
I > with members of th^Egfksbciation's
national legal dwWffli'Ttee and
lawyers working with NAACP
units on legal and state levels.
The pro-convention session was
, devoted to a discussion of the legal
techniques necessary to'put into
immediate effect the High
?
Atlanta Sets Up B
w m * -
Map Integration I
ATI ANT A (A NT I- The Atl.i
it Lit I'oard of Kducatim following
a motion by Dr. Unfits II. Cle1
ent, lone Negro board mom bur,
I: si week voted to set up a special
committee to study a desogra1
on plan for the public schools
1 -re.
Action went into ^effect when
"vl rank 1 in Uodgers, board member,
i oycd that a recent petition filed
I v parents following the United
} rates Supreme Court decree
; hould be given to" an appropriate
( nnmittee for study and referred
! ack to the board.
i, Devercan.v MrCfalrln'i1: fnnnar
7|I'jnt of. the board ruled that t h e
i nnmittee should be the personnel
flj r . ..
FMlfy GHAD PREi
AIR FORCE
he yas Rraduatad in
as at. West Point miliityr
Lewis C. Olive of
referred a commission
Force. Olive was aphe
.institute h^ReEi
ton Powell. (AXP)
tiling In School
NAACP Conven n
Court's latest anti-setrrenation n
linn in public education.
'I'lie Wednesday afternoon ses:
ion was addressed l?v Dr. Tobia
Thy di tinn'iislied national boar
liaiiinaiy..- reviewed development
'since be first proposed the "Fiji!
lor Kreedoiir campaign at th
' St. Louis convention ami iritl
) .-a tod the tasks uhi"H lie ahead.
!>1-H-K(;ATTS D1SC1-SS 1 l'CM
" A TT ION
j ,r.h< i--(!ny morning, . conventio
i. ;v'e av scheduled to disetp
1'gal n ;<? implement the Si
! reive court's decision. The role ?
''e Ne'rro {earlier in tlie rhi
f -<*y;.'gated to. iute^ra-U
a-1 < id 1 dins is also aiMn|i t' 1.
1 Loading this discussion will It
: 'let! r t 1.. Carte
\A..V? assistant counsel, a n
Tr. John W. Davis, heard of't h
XAA? i' d'partaient of teacher ii
formation and security,
i Thursday's afternoon sessio
will he devoted to a d-D '-o^.a'^a <
I "The Role of the TiifoF i nn'n i
Id f fee ting' School Integration
Some 1M major CadO union, fr;
' tcf.nal delegates will noin; \y i t
Convention delegates in a gener;
discussion of this pri\I?lmw.
At a special dinner Thui'sda
evening' awapds will he prcser.tc
to Association l>vln< lies whit
brought ahout significant. civ
rights advances in their local coi
immities during' ID" I. Also at tl
lelegales on the progress of I li
X A ACT Fight for Freedom ran
patgh, Which' see1ts~ to underwrii
tin* association's civil rights worl
"Special Assistant Fdward M.. Dm
lev wttt- piesent ll:e report".
, rilKSKNTATlON OF SHXGAR
AWARD /
Carl Murphy, editor-in-ehii
. and publisher of The Afro-Amer
. can newspaper of Fait imorerMY
Will he presented the Spingai
j Med^l al' spetytl cere ironies do
. i ing the Friday evening sessio
He will he the 40th winner of tl
"Citation which is presented eat
year to the person making an ou
standing contribution to race pr<
' gross during the year.
---Resides wefpmi?dcsegration tl
, Continued on page 7
_
ody To
>lans
' aii'i rule.-; committees. A suhst
Lulc motion_ empowered the?or<
sident t<i ;i))])?int a "substitute coi
! mittcc to work with the prohlen
j The petition reeommen<le<i f o
study, was filed over .the sitfni
t tuje.ut ALty. A. T. vValden. E. I
.Moore, S. S. Hohinsou, It. K, TJu
I mas and nine Xejrrn parents.
I was sent to superinteinjent Ii
J J arret I and the. Atlanta Hoard o
Education, June d. The matte
| however, was not brought hefoi
the Imard until the monthly hoai
j meeting here last week. Thei
were 15 Xejffoes and h? white .)>t
sons present when the petitm
' was read in the hoards'.*? ehan
hers in City Hall.
B
1
^ -S,
L. A. (WHET <;KTS COMMIS!
ION AT WEST rOINT
Gilbert R. Ratchman oF D
Angeles was commissioned a lie>
tenant in the U. S. Army infai
try during ceremonies at Wei
j Point military academy t+irmrp
I he National Guard. (ANT)
i- .
?f)t 3
| AME Missionary
- Society To Meet . |
July 9-14th V-!
WASH INCITOX - (A NT > The
",j. third quadrennial convention, o f
; i.';c Womt'ii's .Missionary Society;
S AMI** ohiirch. will hi> .hold hoi o
]\ July ! -1 1.
(leiural sessions will lie-hold ir.
! Metropolitan and Turner AME
I "In:ivher, with special programs
i it I'line a r e n a on Sunday anil
; iriffiih stadium, Wednesday, the
| .1.1th.
-.About' 1 ,-nnO ..-delegates are ex!
oevted front all sections of the T*.
.1 >.. faiviid'i, Mexico and several.
P j south American and African conn
\ 'Vies, sa'd Mrs. Anw K., Heat.'i,
-criotv president. African conn|'lies
expected to send delegate*
i j include Belgian Congo. Gold. Coast
l Liberia.-Natal, Nigeria, Orange.
r i ^ ? <(l
j sierre I.eoonne, Swaziland, -Trans !
aal and Zambezi.
e ) ...
j j. The society, believed to be the
I Vul.'st organization "of Negro women
in the I'. S., was founded in
P j 1S27 by Mrs. .Richard Allen, wife
I of the church's first bishop. Its
.v j first members were wives of se^
^ j ven ministers who met regulurly
I j to perform such tasks as mending
'heir -husbands'?clothes,?Judpingj
them to prepare for trips, and the
I like, it wasn't hrtig before t h c
*j | society began to take' on ethci
^ .'luucli responsibilities.
.. , In 1S74, the women raised $000
|i) \o send tlu? church's first mission,
ary tit Africa, and hy?18H1, they
[ 'l:)11 nihru limn t)l)() to
i piinsor missionaries and othoi
1 haritable projects. During t h e
l<; pest-do years, the-society lias ex^
oetided soup.* ,400,bw for those*
I purposes.
__j l!iKh'?i'< nt tin' convontiuu-wilL
he Mrs. D. Ward Nichols, New
York: and Mrs. Frank M. Reid,
Colmivhin. S. ('.. wiveapof the hishjps
now presiding over the AMR
j~ "Second Episcopal district. The (lis
^ l-ii-t. comprising Mnrylnnd. Vie.
'* Jnia, North Carolina and the District
of Columbia, has been, with*
_ (:t a presiding officer since t n o
j leatli of Rishop L. H. Hcjjiming.
va.v of Washington. Hostess will
<e'assisted 'by Mrs. I. A. Miller
uui Mrs. Dewev Robinson, wives
>- . . '
if . ministers whose churches will
muse'1 he convention.
li
Other society officers are Mrs
\rlishia Jordan, T.os Angeles; and
Mrs. -M iry L. Parks, Chapipaign,
'I., program committee; Mrs.
" YaneS'Oi \ ar.liou c, Texas, seore:iry:
Mrs. Ruth Ricks, Charleston.
W. Ya.. Mrs. Raymond Taylor.
'.ouisviUe, Ky. and Mrs.-Jdn R.
I'olk, AlaTfania, assistant socrotait's:
and. Mrs. Romayne I'ortlock,
'* NVW' York, hadtre coilTmitteo.
f V\lrs. l-.dith Itryaii, rmlfnnore. is
n charue of puldie relations, as11
d-ted liy Mrs. C.leo H. Cove, Sj*n
' '/rancisco; Mrs. M. K. Thornton,
Jackson, Miss.; Mrs. .lanie It. Kji'v'"person,
.TicTcsouvilh*, l-'la.; Mrs.
Orctlvi'T. Hatcher, Monrovia], I,i"
'u-ria; and Mis. Charlotte C.
a Wriirht, Philadelphia. In charsre of
* officers and eomniitteo rcjMirts in
' Mrs. Janie Wilkinson, Kansas
' City. Mo; kits, Mrs. 11. A. Adams.
*' Columbia. S. C.; conference hrineh
p omposit reports. Mrs. Hirdie I..
'* Farmer. Oklahoma: ehaplnio-r-h'.ii
^ man of worship coinmiitee, I ?r.
T" Martha .1. Keys, I.onisville, Ky.;
and associated members',. Mrs.
Catherine (\ Heminjjway, Wish-?iiHftoH.
1 >. -C:? ?* ; 1
I/
i
>s
J- Lt. Col. Greonn II. Whito
i- USAU Chaplain it 11.c V. A.
st Hospital, Columbia, S C., will ?]o
+r Ills mirier Active Military Duty
at Fori Ronning, Ga. in July.
I1
Y
palmetto 1
OLIMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, SATURDAY, JUNK 25, 1<]
Eishcp F. M. Reid,A Voice
Crying In The Wilderness ?
^R
jBPPfeiP
~ ^Ve li:,' e .rrved is Past or, pT^siilin.u" Klder. u-nili-r the ft?l lowing"
admit:1 "t v.' ii'-ys: Ui-ho,.* lae. Turner. < ??p( i11. ('h.iptielle. Beckett,
Iluis;. Ku!!.--'\:>, Williams. .Johnson, rlipper, ami Beid. ami l?c*lit?vc it
or-not" V.e ha v e' ifot "Twit msrcd sari: phrnoinin'aT tt)o(k\rn ntiraeles as
_iV4^- v-rmivi:4?!iy i;,;.., x'.-.i, |. er\inu irmt ho wilderness or By any -.ultmni-tiiitimi
that . would compare with tile expansion nnijrrain of.Bishop
T\ M. ilt'-i l. Some one would say Unit .his' jrreat preaching, sweet
; 'my'ny, n.mdt learninir. <'ivie-le-rder. champion of .ileseffreKMtion and
,! Integration made hini nfail, hut he says "it-was my "experience on n1y
L ih.ma s road." !'e pite tin- fact. thai the T'ii Kpisi-opal District is
- .,.n..;o?i .1.. 1 U'i. i <-c.mh the -.linenags. tv.i^u-.-.Uaiiil:mLOi n.-d?Ly?the?
| utvate.-1 d'o..yV. in the history of this DDtrict, with the greatest
' s t 1.rnd;'. l-a?-h kjmwn to the i-Ktiv'ies, 't!ii< Voice continued to travel
1 rhioayhoiit t!: . 1 >istriet .--elli.'o A!h ; Dnivcr.-dty, and his expansion
j ou .-.im- Ui the people anil iBspiriny the pastors to Build, remodel,
I utd r en orate tl:eir churches as well as Allen University,
i. tint 1'B.hop e-nnplete one Buifdintr-he would so(m~~comgT
t hick. stating that lie had dream and that he. wanted such a build-^
j ing reniodelod. So muc h. that hr was called, the Dreamer. (
At tins the i - d r?;r Viidi i.s. Pastors", and laymen started a
i whispering V. i:up..itrrtT r
j Time lo vaI.e. tin the Uishop and turn his dreaming into night|
na instead I i:i likf Mango s (ihost he wo.itId not down.
A" a cotvpi utilise lie started a fellowship fund in-till his eonfer tict's
and -ending monthly ehcckf to all the-disabled pastors
.vho ejii'iM r..>< : it;:, on because of age and lading health, and that I
1 brightened i;i_ corner. .
lie is o pi oe e.-tsivi , affable, a financial wizard, and a spiritual
dynamo. \>hh a .ivari to s rw 4 he present ago fulfilling his calling..
v,e ref.t-cd to a!!fT*-~'.K- eliui'Iies t'> give him gifts or banquets for!
1 him and ids < icettly wife.'- i .< ?
Katlie.r lielp d< cr\;ng students and build up Allen 1'Diversity, and
I make it .one an. ."g the be . ; of cbui'di .related colleges.
'Mi,' g'od id-boh ref to accept all the honors for the accom .iis'nnTeips
of .Mien Ih.ivei sitv.
lie ! ?!... sbaii t'n- honors with President Samuel II. Iliggins, who'
<as. .IsfU-o glorio'.:- years ;..s Prc-ident of- Allen I niversity.
-Hv-~h"< "TTtr":;J-e i y w lib 1*js Ilishop. He"Ts~;among thy" most out- ~
stai.Po-ji bp.-tan dr.g presidents to be found any where, among
' ' |? '. acln':, I'i'oyrt-^.-ivi'. lior.Vst., drpoFnlaldir '
w.iM viiic" 1 ) < >.< m-'i of
f ft ll ' : i < ; !< If.,, voiic of (;...J. 1 hey ti.iu!-; Mi.diop's '
jt*|."?vh' i ;i! .< c.'n !, 'of puo-jro ?* - Karl, wan!. 1
' :.t ?.- a s: rvant of the duitvh anil sub- '
_. j?":' to 'i.ir. : ; ' ' " v I
!?. < .aj'tiv. tla? o! ; Sovonth' Kpis.opal l)is:;in
1 oiifw.. i- (i.V?; o\;; faith. ONK l!AI'- 1
:'IS\! AN!? n\;; klSLj'!' r!j.\NK alAlHSOX UXID.
1 i '!' v ' vol, lr-t Ha- furuotrfjli'<t \v(; fuijrot." '
. . I' illO.MA '-'. S'orn'taiy of Trustor. Hoard
Mini V:,i:. i-r.-!'. v. ,
WKKBKBm
MISSION TO VU'KSUl'KG,
IOIIN li \MII I ().\ t.RADl VTKS ( MISS. MAN.
i iu)m \\ i:s r point
One I'f li r. licds : wu!c:> re- native, of Ykk.slnirg, Miss., was i
( ?vinir^m"i,!ir.i-sip i-i ?t TcHmnlCs one of hundreds of cadets a t
it West L'.vUil^vaiS -iLih!. IIatmllon West Point-Military academy who
of Washington, i>. Appointed received commissions in ceremonto
the famed military academy ies at the 153-year-old institute
l y veteran Conn. William I., haw- recently. A former senator from |
son, Hamilton selected the ijifiUXr, .Missouri; James P. Kt*n, named :
try as his choice of services i n John X. Hrown to West Point,
whi-h to serve. (ANI'i (ANP)
-cabet
>55
i i'II
/TW&fi'""%.
y w ' ' '&. $E5Bl
? jt**^ |9
. . :.^H
V" >yl
v>.^|
AG N KS 111L I) P: r DR A NI)
?WILSON
Teacher of'fTeneh Language at
Lincoln High School, Sumter, S.
C. where she also,serves as director
of school publications.
Received grunt under Fulhrig-ht
Act, which will provide for study
ami travel in France during t h e
summer. Is one of . twjpnty' five
teachers of Freficb to lie so honored
from a group of more thhn
thirteen -hundred who applied.
Summer Seminar will include five
weeks of study at Sorbonne in Paris.
with short stays at Nice, Pau,
and other points of -historic in-'
terest. Group will sail on ship
United States Friday, 24amL
will return early in September.
Mrs. Wilson was informed last
Fall by the Teacher Exchange Ser
vice of the U. S. government that
she qualified for a Teaching Fellowship
under the Fulbright Act,
which would have taken her into
a French classroom in France for
.in entire school term as teacher
>f English Language and Litera'
tin- During thiv time) nhe wouldhave
been replaced by a teacher
from France who would have taught
French Language and Litera ure
over .here. Due to administrative
difficulties, this opportunity
' onId not he nrroptod _
Grantee is the wife of Rev. T.
E.' Wilson, minister of Second
Presbyterian Church, Sumter, S.
Her .mother is ..Mrs. Agnes
Progdon Hilderbrand of Orangeburg.
Her father was the late Rev.
Dr. B. F. Hilderbrand.
She was educated at Allen University,
where. ;jhe received the
Bachelor of Ai ts-degree, and Tern
pie University from which she
reeieved the .Master's degree. She
is a member of Zeta I 'hi Beta
sorority.
WHITE DAI.LAS I'ASTORS
GROUP ELECTS NEGRO TO
COMMITTEE POST
- ]>ALI,AS--( AXP) - Hid DaTTa's
Pastor's association (white)' announced
last week that Rev. Mer
roll 1). Hooker has hecn elected
to the five-man executive hoard
>f the holy. The association <>>en?d
its membership to Negroes
ljw<t year for the first time.
>y any organization, group or
Rev. Hooker was not -sponsored
forcjes from its-own side.. He is
pastor of New Hope Baptist
"luirch.
?.^^BnnnHHnni
WEST POINT COMMISSIONS
. CYRUS C. CASSELL OF
DETROIT
A newly commissioned lieutenant
in th? U, S. Ai^?^eee-4s-C-yrtis
C. Cassells of Detroit, Mich., Cassell*
was one uf many cadets t o
he graduated from West Point
military academy recently. H e
was appointed to the famed institute
ty George T>. OTJrien,"
former representative of Michigan.
(ASP) ,
'J. I~Dr.
Lincoln C. Jenk
Twentieth Anniverj
of Union Baptist CI
Honored for 19 Years of
Baptist Educational and M
Years as Secretary of the
Honored for nineteen yeans of
service as Secretary of the Baptist
Educational Missionary and
Sunday School Convention and
'28 years of service as Secretary
Of the Gethsemane Association of
S. C.
On Monday nijjht June 20, 1955, j
a program was .held at Union %
Baptist ?hurch honoring Dr. L.~C.
Jenkins for his 20 years of service- ?
as pastor of> Union i Bapt. Church,
nineteen years as Secretary of the
Baptist Educational, Missionary, |
and Sunday School Convention of |
S. C. and twenty-eight years of
service as Secretary of the Gethsemune
Association.
The Church was beautifully decorated
and Dr. Jenkins sat upon
a chair adorned with white representing
the life he has exhibited
during his many years of service.
Among his pulpit guests were: s
Dr. J. A. Bacoats, President o f
Benedict College; Rev. J. P. \
Reeder and Rev. Maxie S. Gordon. 1
Friends and associates came <
from various parts of the State 3
and brought greetings to Dr. '
i Jenkins. , . e
Dr. Jenkins is rated as one oft
the top ten ministers o f South I
: Carolina. Wherever there is a c
call for mission and education, his
name head the list. He is also a s
member of the faculty of Benedict (
1 College. "
It has been said that "Dr. Jen- i
kins is the symbol of real Christ- >
Tan leadership." Many have been
I inspired by his dynamic spirit, i
His achievements have been amazing,
:?: ??: -?
With the many positions h e i
J holds, he is nevertoo busy for hia :
church and members. All of h i s 1
I members are individuals to him. 1
j Whenever they need help, spirit- /
l uaHy or therwH^?' Dr. Je*klns
Ministers Pledging
I Morris College Em
By William McK
In a determined effort to end the
Morris College by Thanksgiving of
State arc sending pledges to the Of
A partial list as of press time w
Rev. R. W. Stallings
Rev. H. P. Sharper
Rev. H. H. Harvin
Rev. L. W. .Williams
Rev. 0. R. Reuben".1
U- Rev. N. L. Bush?. . .?- ?
Rev. G. A. Sellers
Rev. H. E. Hardin
Dr. L. C. Jenkins..
Rev. W. J. Burgess
Rev. W. A. Johnson
Rev. J. S. Hall.
Rev. G. G. Daniels
$200.00 Rev. Wm. McKinley 1
The Plan to raise the money adop
follows:
$175,000 THANKSGIVING GOAL T
MFA'T THIS PI.AN WAS AnnPT
MAY
CHURCH ASSESSMENTS:
50 CHURCHES " AT $500 c
100 CHURCHES AT 250 e
100 CHURCHES AT 150 e
500 CHURCHES AT 50
100 UNIONS AT SO Earl
AI.UMXI ASSESSMENTS:
200 ALUMNI AT 100 cacl
100 ALUMNI AT 75 eaol
50<i ALUMNI AT 25 ct
T5 A RTI ST L A Y M EN ASSESSM EN1
200 LAYMEN AT * 100 eacl
10000 LAYMEN AT 25 e
> TOTA1
Tliis is the last year to complc
Jamaica Agog Ovei
Knighting of Bustai
i .
By Wilhert E. Heming o
1 KINGSTON, Jamaica?(ANP) 1
When Britain's Queen Elizabeth ?
II recently conferred a Knighthood
bpon William Alexander Busta- *
Trmmte, the Whole country talked ?
J for a day al>out the ex-chief minis 0
ter of the island^ and leader of the v
Jamaican Labor party.
In the political field, the award #
has been considered one of t h e s
| greatest stimulants to have been
given any man whose chances o ? tl
becoming the first prime minister
-
PRICE: N?
ins Celebrates 4
;ary As Pastor v\> /
lurch .y ;^|
Service as Secretary of Tf ?
issionary Convention and 2^ A ..
Gethsomane Association
m ,N. Srai?
I
"' '
..
v'
it their service. ;
His record of 19 years of ser- .
ice as Secretary of the Baptist
Educational Missionary and Sun- .. .; j
lay scnooi convention and 28 .> ?/
rears as Secretary of-the Gethse- r
nane Association speaks for itielf.
Anyone holding:, a position
hat long must be well qualified,
ie holds various other positions
>ver the Strlte.
He was cited as being: the aniwer
to a prayer, a mandate from
jOcT, a message of hope from
resus Christ, and an eoho of .God
learing glad tidings to a lost
vorld. "
We "pray that he will be with u?
nany many years. ^
The Honoree is making plans to
ittend the Baptist World Alliance
in London, England, July# 16-21,
L955. While there he will visit ~
the Holy Land and'many?other
historical biblical spots.
The anniversary program was
vivan .in tVio iriioeoat nf fkta irin
iirx?? ftuviyiv ot'p* , j
T??y mOO on
$300,Sjft3^jS^nt,drive of |
this year; yDigjaOjfSgjMLycf the
???-.<__Armter,' 'Si c!^j
Sum tar, S.
1?-_-.Sqmter, S. C. I
--.Marion,' S. C. J . {*$
Mulling, S. C. 1 -A*
Colombia, S. C'. V
Florence, S. C. T \V
Bowman, Cblumhia, S. C.
ted by the state Convention is as
"O COMPLETE THE ENDOW'
ED HY THE CONVENTION IN *3
ach _$ 26,000 ,
ach 26,000
ach V 2M00 , %
each _____ .26,000
* ??6,ooo" " ( ~
<jo'oo? -
h 20,000 ' .
ti <7,500
ich .12,500 ... L-? "t \
" 7"< 40,000 *~''X
1 iJO.OOO >
,<?h r____ 25,000 ' : ; .:JV %
V , ' 4^,000 x'' ^
k ?"i^r- $175,000
te th? Endowment. 1
P .' _ ? ? ^ ^ O"- ~ 1
nante ; v|||
:o?W.
r norland prop^SS*^ wovdtTbir'
j
,