Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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1 - " ;T ^ W* " ""yS : * " - w " y * * \ . DSTOTSB TO LIT1RATURR, THI ARTS, SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE, NEWS, POLITICS, JtC., &C. TERMS?ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM,] "IjOt it be Instilled into tho Hoarta of your Children that the Liberty Of the Press is the Palladium of all your Rights."?Juniut. [PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, t ? ? . VOLUME 3?NO. 1. ABBEVILLE C. II., SOUTH'CAROLINA, FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 11, 1855. WHOLE NUMBER 105. MISCELLANY. AM ADDRESS. ' # | Delivered before the South Carolina Institute, in Charleston, April 17, 1855, by Hon. James L. Our. [concluded.] The multiplication of carriage manufactories in the State has not only diffused life Mid activity into many other departments of industry, but has put wealth into the pockets of the proprietors, and has added to 1 n ** vo ?uu |>iu?usurcs 01 the people. Twenty-five years ago, in the country where I reside, it was a rare sound to hear the rattling of carriage wheels at a country church. Occasionaliy, when a fanner had grown a little ambitious of display in making a "turn out,1' or when his children were too numerous to be conveyed even by doubling on poor Dobbin's back, an old gig or a jersey wagon was called into requisition, which always brought from his neighbors a critique on his pride or extravagance. That has passed away, and now tiiu church yaru is crowded with vehicles purchased by {be owner from the manufacturer, and paid for by timber from his forest or surplus products from his farm. Both are benefitted by v.wmiiig^, ciiivi Buuiciv is uicvaieu and refined by extending the jiersonal comforts and exalting the tastes and aspirations of its members. The extensive carriage manufactory at Greenville employs some fifty mechanics, and sells annually not less than seventy-five thousand dollars worth of work. The market which it furnishes to the various brandies of industry in the district, in its consumption of lumber, materials, provisions, ifcc., diffuses a prosperity in the district greater than is done by all the capital expended bv our friends from the middle and lower districts, in their summer excursions and residence in this beautiful mountain town. A dozen such manufactories, wnnlnvp/1 in inn. king other articles of prime necessity now purchased abroad, would make every hill and every valley blossom with plenty, and every heart swell in happy content. There are other brauches of manufactur- i ing industy meriting special commendation, which I must omit for want of time. Some- i thing has been done, but roUch, very much, remains to bo consummated before that bountiful prosperity hovers over us, which it is our duty to woo and win to our embrace. We want manufactories and machine shops?they co-exist together. We want I enterprising, intelligent, inventive mechanics. We want them to increase until their : labor will furnish us every machine and fab- ' rit! fnr man's iisp flint <>on K/> oDnliaonln "? tured here as elsewhere. How are these wants to be supplied ? Let our citizens 1 cease to expatriate themselves from the bosom and kind affections of our common mother, and devote themselves to the grateful task of fostering and warming the condition in which she now languishes. Let them not deceive themselves by the delusive hopes of sudden wealth in new and-distant lands, and let them resolve that when "life's fitful fever" is over, that their bones shall repose side by 6ide with their fathers, beneath the native soil. T^ake it all in all, we have the beet country which T have seen in the broad expanse of this great confederacy?let us be contented to occupy, and improve, and developo it Providence has blessed us with every variety of soil and surface, climate, production and resources, with no stinted hand?let us do something worthy of the munificence we enjoy, and bequeath to Qur children a heritage and country greater than we received from our fathers. The first great fitep to be taken in the reformation of o.ur habits, to re-invigorate oar decaying prosperity, and to develope our erhauatless resources, is for our planters and farmers to invest the whole of the nett profits' on agricultural capital in some species of manufacturing; the field is broad and inviting, but little has yet been occupied. With prudence and energy there can be no failure in any branch. A short experience will demonstrate, that the investment is knore profitable than it would be in agri^culture, and it must continue so, until the ' ^distribution of labor and capital in all branches of industry equalizes profit. It will be many years before the demands of 'labor and capital in manufactures will be taet, and until that period arrives, manufacturing products must bo predominant Such investment* must be made with bold confidence, Jtndjjressed with vigilant energy, to freirfburee m the adventure. The absence of all experience in this department^ industry baa retftilted in miscarriages in some sanguine experiments already made, and they are held up as beacons by the croak en to Warn all -others from venturing, but it 'will be found on strict scrutiny that miscarKaua mama rftnfcMfift/tn In M UHTO MWU U1VIV w^uivu IU IVU1" toral nfvestmen'tt that haye ;been made and tiuperviaed by inactive and inexperienced to en than in maiyufactani^fiflterpmea. !Onr planters and faWrfere iare eVer, t6o timid when invited to make ou tlay of capital fa aaything new, ayd<^* ihej .carty their liberality even to prodigality, in ea^isBion to miniatet to Iheir oWtv'or the MmM* ftl comforts df those dependent onK<fr a$t&$? whither the attwhm?mt'<^W iratcs in consanguinity: offneddabjtf) bpt '^ v j j .$vh >. - ';:v/ i ; V? when they invest money it musLbo with a certainty that it will yield seven per cent, per annum. This timidity is a barrier to enterprize, and some useful lessons might be learned by them from our northern rivals. In some particulars the population of the North and East, is misjudged in the South. They are a people full of enterprise, energy, industry, thrift and economy. In personal I expenditures their economy is so rigid that we often denominate it parsimony, and their chaffering over small sums implies :i total absence of liberality. Their rule of life is tn nvnrnul llw? amnll'kcf ? V...V ?naunv.u |/vr.->oi Cfiv; (II1IUUI1L III purchasing ordinary comforts or pleasures, for when thus expended it is so much capital forever gone, and to invest their surplus gains, in any and every conceivable scheme promising directly or remotely to bring profit or interest. Their enterprize and adventure is so great that no new projcct is too chimerical to secure for experiment an investment of northern capital. Hence you see the streams of New England and some of the Middle States lined with machinery. Their railroads surmount every hill and penetrate every valley. Their other public works and all their public buildings, manifest the same indomitable enterprise and a spirit of adventure that hazards capital in every scheme. Their whole country in all itc fr>.,r,ll, o.,.l : ??? .vw .vugiu C4IIVI UIUilUlll 19 a IIIUHIIIU'-Ht/ IV.' their and public spirit. Tlicy arcshrewd in driving a bargain?so much so as to expose them to tiic imputation of disingeuuousness. In their conduct they recognize the morality, and put into practice i?i trade, the old common law doctrine of contracts, cavcat emptor. Their public charitable institutions are high tributes to their benevolence. They husband dimes to invest or donate dollars. The inventitive genius of her sons is fostered and rewarded by their willingness to try every novelty, and if it proves useful, ample compensation is reaped by tho inventor for the new thought. Their investments oftentimes are profitless, and j'et it seems to be no discouragement, it rather incites to other schemes, premising reimbursement for past losses, and great gains from present risks. We trans- ' fer our surplus capital to distant States to grow more cotton and sugar, or if it be rci .11 ioiii^u licit;, lb to rtjprebUlllt'U l>y (JOtlUS ftllCl notes bearing seven per cent. interest. This was the habit of our fathers, and any inno- vation upon long established usage or theo- ' ry is resisted?hence reforms of old habits prove a great labor to the reformer. It is Lime that it should commence. Individual ;ind State interests require us to take a "newlatitude and departure." The market for agricultural labor stagnates under a superabundant supply, the market for agricultural capital is satiated ; and there is active demand for manufacturing labor and capital, a wise political economy teaches the necessity of their equalization. When our citizens shall have embarked their capital iu manufactures and machinery, our State will rapidly fill up with artisans and ujechanics, without whose presence and labor, I believe, no interest, even agricultural, can reach the maximum prosperity to which it is capable of ascending. The idea was once prevalent with wrongheaded people that manual and mechanical labor was inconsitcnt with intelligence, gentility and dignity of character. Most han pily sucli an absurd sentiment is exploded in the minds of all sensible men and women. Labor is the lax upon all animated existence for its preservation. The ant, the reptile, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the air, all toil for food. Man, the master of them all, endowed with intellect, and created with appetites and desires to exercise and develope his capacious faculties, is bound also to labor, and to labor by the omnipotent fiat of Jehovah. When our common progenitor was expelled from the green bowers of Eden, it was under an angered though just sentence that "in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou return unto the ground." Henceforward the spontaneous productions of the earth failed to sustain man. Can labor be disreputable since its requirements arc universal and its necessities of Divinororigin ? The progress of civilization is constantly multiplying and expanding the demands J ?!. upvu >auuir?iiu miu juuioiuua iucum^ ior increasing its products, have engaged the thought andyemployed tho invention of the wisestand best men in every age. Men are entitled to that respect _ and consideration from the community, which their moral worth, intelligence and usefulness justly inspire, without regard to the occupation pursued. , The lawyer and physician labor; and oftentimes the foetid a?r of a dark dungeon, or the nauseating odor of a sick room, is more repugnant to the senses and sensibilities than'any which the forge or machine shop emits. The educated youth who masters one or more branches of tho mechanic arts, by study and application, has a personal independence ana a prospect or the -fifture, to be envied by the brothor who - has chosen a Joarned profession. . Tha^is . v w wNHf jrft^riiv V|UI11VU YT , pion&f>Tftet?rank and position of social anjf in t^eSn?V superiority over ;'<^j^ :pwaga-, iiona. IJhe exclusive business of professional men is 'intellectual, and if they4viHco em jperior attainments WUhm.tho lifcitt# &?*. '^Dployment it i? no more than thoy'^qnld ia|0om^&hi But Jo teit jwjonrf&ftfcfeltect required in different occupationK, which would require the most comprehensive understanding, the machinist who could construct n steam engine and adjust all its nice parts and apply it? power to spinning and weaving, or the lawyer who could comprehend the rule in SIipIIav's />nc? ??<! the statute de donis ? Ambitious fathers dedicate their sons to the learned professions, and many thus sent fall far below the fond anticipations of doating parents. They locate in a town or village, and hang their sign upon the "outer walls." Weeks and months roll on, and no patients or clients come; habits of idleness are contracted, and, with them, pleasure in dissipation, which soon ends in debauchery ; then loss of self-respect?loss of hope?that last prop of the falling man?despair and ruin, crime and disgrace perhaps, till the sad finolc is at length reached, when ho sinks "To the low dust from whence he sprung. Unwept, utiliored ami nnaungl" The educated, skilful mechanic is alw.irs employed ; lie receives and husbands fairly remunerating wages for his labor; lie finds in his profession an ample theatre for the exercise of taste, invention, judgment., and every faculty of the proudest intellect; lie crowns his house with comfort and his table with abundance. Is his domestic happiness and his usefulness to society to he compared with that of tlie briefless lawyer or the pa-, tientless doctor? Voiing men in our Slate are coinmcncing to realize tiia!, labor is reputable. "When the graduates of a respectable institution, sacrifice false sentiment, and go to the machine shop to be educated in mechanism and enginery, :is some have recently dofie, it furnishes the index of a healthful public opinion, and gives bright prospects of au. increasing prosperity in the future. The great desideratum now is to give dignity to mechanical employment by educating its members, not only in the use of tools and machines, but in physical science; teach tliem chemistry, mechanical philosophy, mathematics, engineering, architecture, and all knowledge necessary to prosecute all branches of their profession. TbiB accomplished, we shall hear no more of their social and intellectual inferiority. There can be no inherent defects in any of the 4 elements constituting the man where his la-1bors show such varied useful triumphs, as i ^xrk the pathway of the mechanic, in ministering to the conveniences and comforts of civilized life. Their social influence bas not been equal to their numbers or services in advancing the civilization of the race. Mechanics, now is the time to commence a reformation ; push it on with your wonted energy; organize associations, not to regulate wages, but to buy libraries?to procure lecturers who may instruct you?to inter change thoughts during hours of leisure; and soon your influence will be as potent in the social and intellectual, as it now is in the industrial and inventive world. Distinction is the pet of no one occupation ; every useful path in life is an avenue to power, and opens doors of conquest to him who has the moral courage to knock and enter. Tt has been nobly won by many of your brethren. Franklin, Watt, Fulton, Arkwright, Cartwright, Adams, Morse and thousands more, have blessed mankind by their inventive genius, and given a bright page in history to their own great names. A gifted orator sums up your duties and responsibilities in the following beautiful language : "Respectyour calling ; respect yourselves. The cause of human improvement has no firmer or more powerful friends. In the great temple of nature, whose foundation is the earth ; whose pillars are the eternal hills; whose roof is the star-lit sky ; whose organ tones are the whispering breezes and the sounding storm; whose architect is God ; there is no ministry moro 6acred than that of the intelligent mechanic." With your genius and capacity, industry, and usefulness, why may you not stand up and exact recognition of your perfect equality with the most favored and exalted class of your fellow men. If the State cherished in its bosom intelligent mechanics in numbers equal to supplying all our necessities, as I have presented them, new fountains of wealth would bo poured out on every industrial interest. The population of our cities would rapidly increase, old towns would be rejuvenated, and new ones huilded,' the merchant's sales and customers would bo extended, real estate appreciated in value, agriculture would no longer languish; it is no idle dream, the horn of plenty would be Emptied on the land, and its refreshing dews would quicken and enliven its hills and voles, mountains and plains. Let us all unite cordially in fostering a profession which will beautify thecountry, enrich the citizen, develope the resources and magnify the greatness, of our much loved cherished Carolina. The patrofligd of ibis institute is not restricted to itianufacturts and the meclianio "arts', but wteSly embraces in its purposes ib^promotion of agriculture, wliirn now is and must continue the paramount industrial intpreet of South Carolina, - It is the basis wealth. Its ^roducfabeyond the con ouuviwyu tuo jauurqr wuujuioi capital, s portion of which is orpended in meeting th& B&denlir outlays ot production, and the remainder * the annual accumulated - wealth of the husband man. I; Save, however, consumed already too irat^of your time to do njoretbaa glance $ > ^iv". vT - V 'vV.C ': - ./?' at n few points in this great interest. In proportion as it was developed in conjunction with manufactures and the mechanic arts in the empires and republics of antiquity, so was their power and influence felt and exerted on surrounding nations. The most celebrated of those empires had a feature in their systems of civilization prei_ a.. ? tiwi; uiu same as exists in the Southern States of this Confederation, to wit: domestic slavery. Egypt was celebrated for her agricultural productions; a sufficiency to supply home consumption and a surplus with which to employ a foreign commerce. Iler progress in the mechanic arts would do no discredit to our epoch. I)r. "Wilde, in his voyage to the Mediterranean, gives an interesting account of the opeti linen work found covering the mummies of Egypt as similar to modern Herlin worsted. "One pattern,'' he says, "represented roses with four petals, shaped like llPilPle nrrniinml ? 1 i ill luwiigvs, VUlIIJJUMiU of buds of different colore, which cross the linen obliquely, and thus present the appearance of an embroidered net of many colors; three varieties of red, two of blue, a white and a yellow. The linen ground died a nankeen color." This description almost rivals some of the beautiful specimens on exhibition here, from the work tables of our own fair countrywomen. Egypt had her coins, gold chains, signet rings, coverings of tapestry, carved work, and glassware. Iler jurisprudence, skill in themcdicnl art, nnd in embalming the dead, are imperishable memorials of her learning, science and advanced civilization. Iler system of domestic slavery was not unlike our own ?her slaves tilled the soil and performed menial services?they were bought and sold for a price in market vert. For centuries the empire flourished, and her power was recotrnized bv tlm neirddjoi-inrr k-inirrlnms c J p O O " Babylonia, an empire great and powerful among her cotemporaries, with fruitful agriculture flourished for a succession of nges. She too had her system of domestic slavery. Phoiiiicia rose rapidly in power and wealth, extended her dominions by planting colouies, tilled the&oil with slaves, and carried on an extensive commerce. Tyre and ?}idon, her principal cities, were the very dtadles of the mechanic arts, and were, it seems, the birth-place of arithmetic, astronomy, and taste for letters which afterwards grew up into such magnitude when transplanted into Greece. Phoenicia, too, had her system of domestic slavery. Carthage was a rich and powerful republic, engaged extensively in commerce and devoted to conquest. Ilcr agriculture was restricted, and much of her supplies imported from Palestine. Her slaves tilled the earth and performed menial service for their masters. Free Cartbnge,*too, had her system of domestic slavery. Greece, tho land of Plato, and Socrates, i and Demosthenes?the land of philosophy, poetry and eloquence, around whose memo ry crowd so many classical associations? even free Greece was tho home of slavery. A well informed writer describes ancient Greece as "sufficiently fertile to reward toil; it was not so prolific as to support idleness. Varied in its character, it did not stimulate its inhabitants to tho branch of industry alone; it invited tho culture of all. One district was best suited to producc wine, another oil, and a third corn. Arcadia supplied pasturage for cattle; Thessaly was proud of its horses; the coast, indented with numerous bays and harbors, afforded every facility to navigation and commerce. Greece was not exclusively agricultural, pastoral or commercial, but she was all three together." In tho meridian splendor of her power, greatness and glory?with a refined l:?i. 1 ?* uiruiuiLiuii, wuiuu na? excueu uio wonacr and challenged the admiration of tho world, she, too, had her system of domestic slavery. Tho Romans, like ourselves, were a mixed race, which impressed on them a peculiar nationality. The power and resources of the Empire, were collossal in all their proportions. In the days of her might, her arts, her agriculture, her manufactures, her arms, her genius, philosophy and eloquence, towered high above all rivals. She was indeed the "Mistress of the World," and her name spread dismay in the countries of her enemies. In the pride and pomp of her power^ihe tod* had her system of domestic slavery, and Iter slaves outnumbered the free citizens of Rome. In all these Empires their slaves moat generally were vanquished enemies. " '"There wafl no distinction in color, features and understanding, between the master and slave, which exposed the institution to embarrassment,?such as wo are exempt from in the United States, Cuba and Brazil. To control ancient slaves, required more restraint, and of consequence a moro vigorous discipline than we practice towards our slaves. Tho African slave has bis status stamped by the Greator in indelible colors,?he needs no badge uniform to .assign him his place when seen. The inferiority of his intellect is not less distinctly marked, he is dhll "and inapt in bis perceptions, indolent in thought, sluggish in nis movqnenU, improvident in his babit# and (eebWwo^his ^Wooing,??hd this inferiority,, appreciated by himself, in* dncea.a prompt and cheerful isafe* to the authority of the master, with bat jjtiile necessity to ppptt) to restraint and puniahmcnt.^jo modern times more acceptable to the slavo and less petylexing to the mastor. I have collated this brief epitome of the history of some of the most celebrated empires and republics of antiquity, and noted specially their system of slavery to prove from the record of history, that the modern opinion held by many persons iu the North and East that slavery is a political evil by reason of the weakness in a military aspect entailed on the-State, and that it is incompatible with the personal and mental development of the white man, is founded in the most palpablo error. I need only point toHhis epitome to establish the fact, that slavery presents no barrier whatever to the highest development and the civilivation of the master race. What would an old Roman have replied to the charge that slavery was an element of weakness? lie would have said that w^ile Roman citizens were fighting the battles of the republic, Roman slaves were tilling tlve soil to support her armies and people, or if at peace, that the slave labored to give the owner leisure and means to cultivate philosophy, poetry, letters and eloquence. So we nay for Southern slavery. "With all her prating of philanthropy, has England, now an old empire, in her poetry obscured the genius of Virgil niiu tiorace, or in ncr oratory ecjtpscd tlic splendid eloquence of Cicero. All tlie ancient precedents establish tlic fact, that slaveholding States are not only capable, hut that tlicy actually do attain the most exalted civilization enjoyed by their most favored and accomplished cotemporaries. Does our experience confirm the truth of these precedents? We have in the South more wealth pvr capita than the population of the North possesses ; we have as much virtue and as little crime; we, with a third less population, furnish more than a moiety of all exports ; and when our sons have met theirs in the -camp, in the cabinet, in the senate, or on the bench, have they not nobly maintained themselves ana borne to their countrymen as many trophies from all these theatres as the men of the North ? We have only to improve tho means, which the God of nature has showered in copious profusion all over this State, to make our population affluent, independent, refined and intelligent, prosperous and powerful. In late years, now interest has been awakened in improving our agriculture. It is fortunate that apathy has at last been discarded, and that our planters have commenced to rennir tho hrGnr>.h?*i nf fru-mnr years. Our lands are growing old, cleared hills have been pierced with deep gullies, and many exhausted fields surrendered to the sedge and pine: and still there is no sensible diminution in production, and yet but for the improvements in husbandry in modern years, our agriculture would have < sadly languished.?Something has been done, but much remains for the planter to do. In former years the strength of a rich virgin soil supplied to some extent the failure of good seasons and careful culture, but now that soil is washed off or has tired in the constant drafts on its strength. We must practice liberality to the earth, oi most generous benefactress. If sho 1 I grown surly and yielded to our labor , proportion to the aliment wo have bestowed lior liavi/ manxr Innr* wnoro o/?/\ imauM ??/? I ?W?J UWII (UMIIJ JVII^ J V/UIO UUUIU ?TO have been pinched with want and stricken with famine? She has in the generosity of her nature disdained to retaliate our parsimony, but with a noble benevolence, has tasked her utmost energies to fill our granaries and enrich our coffers. How can we, guided by the impulses of grateful hearts, longer neglect to minister to the modest wants of this disinterested friend, who so steadfastly toils for our happiness ? Nourish her with the food her appotite craves, and she will reimburse you with no stinted interest. When she has grown weary, enfeebled bv long and faithful service, let her rest. She will soon acquire new strength and vigor and bear you on her generous; bosom a teeming harvest. The enlightened donor is never forgotton when she scatters her bounties. Try it. The pecuniary and personal comfort of Vio rvoHi/10 ipnuM Ka rwAnlltr If JUa w?v? |/??I VIVO nuuiu iro VUiVM/U II 1.11V! planters of this State were all transformed into farmers. That policy is most pornicious which prompts the planter to swell the number of his cotton bales, and sends him into the provision market to buy his provisions, and into the live stock market to buy the animals used and consumed on the plantation. It makes him merely tho supervisor of cotton fields, to produce profits for the stock and provision dealers ' for how little of the roll of cotton money is left to the planter .when he has paid his merchant, his grocer and tho Btock drover. How much more to his interest, then, to produce all the articles of consumption which may be grown in his owa; eHmate and on his own soil t The provisions consumed in this State may be successfully grown in every District, and the first great oare of the plartter should be to raise his own bread stuffs, nork. bcof. and rrTntton. and with equM care he should rear, bis own horses and mules for plantation use. System and personal supervision will render lite task one of easy. Accomplishment, and H'Will be an imtnenw Baving of tho monoy drain lor . plantation' exbetofles. Hb cattle ! will furnish fijlngl ritflk tw' hts R flocks of sheep with mutton, ns well as thefleece to clothe his workers. This policy would require a reduction in the number of acres planted in cotton, but if the policy could become uniform throughout the planting States, the reduction would entail no loss; the reduced crop yielding as large an aggregate ps is now brought, by full crops ? but if loss should follow, it will be more than re-imbursed in the falling off of plantation expenses. The system, order, personal supervision* and care for small matters, which this change would initiate, will beget economy ?a personal virtue which our planters d6' not, in an eminent degree, possess. Thecultivation of a great staple, which can btereadily converted into cash, disinclines the planter to look after the details of minor interests, which, being neglected, must be SIIDlilied bv r.onfrihiitirum lnino/4 l L -j ?- vu mo om-*" plo crop. This being true, whilst the market value of the labor producing only a great staple, i? greater than the same amount employed in farming, the farmer amasses wealth-, more rapidly than the planter, and for thisreason, in thirty yoars, the State of Kentucky and Tennessee?fanning .States?will he the wealthiest in the Union, not excepting Mississippi or Louisiana. They send their surplus products to ther South, growing staples, and receive the cash.. A portion of it is expended by them withtheForeign or Eastern merchant and manufacturer, the balance, which is by no means inconsiderable, remains with them and is invested in public improvements, in buildinc and decorating mansions, and in multiply^ ing personal comforts. What disposition is made of the proceeds of tho staple cropby the planter? Tho Foreign and Eastern merchant and manufacturer receives, in any event, as large a sum as the Kentuckian expends, but the planter's outlay does not stopthere. All the pork and bacon, and mucn of the beef to support his workers for theyear, must be bought and paid for, and not unfrequently the corn and flour, aids in swelling the bill. His horses and mutes are worn out or have died during the year, and their number is to be replenished for the next crop. How much of the proceeds of the staple crop remain to be invested in public improvements and personal comforts after this depleting, eastward and westward. Our planters neglect the education of flifiir onna in V?iioIr.nan rvf -* uvtio >u vnu uMoiii\A? ui gsiaizwrugj autt too often have occasion to indulge in bitter regrets for ibis omission. How few of them on attaining their majority and being presented by a kind father with a plantation and hands are qualified for its judicious supervision? They know nothing of the culture of a crop?of what constitutes a day's labor?of seed time and harvest?of the feeding and caring for of their stock. They are deceived by their workers and duped by their overseers. A few years rovea! to them the prospect of bankruptcy, and the overseer becomes the owner of the estates which he lately supervised. The original owner, the untrained and uneducated son, is less censurable than the overkind fa nier wno neglected to teach him in hisyoutb the practical duties of the business of life 10 was appointed to pursue. But I cannot longer detain you, td pointing out amedments to tlio domestic policy of South Carolina. I should have been gratified to have given Rome thoughts1 on the culture of the vine, and tlio manufacture of wines in the middle and upper tfratrictB, a new department in husbandry, which will certainly at no distant day absorb profitably much of the agricultural labor of the State, and also somo thoughts on leveeing and draining tho swamp lands of the lower districts, which would open to cultivation a vast area of lands whose fertility would compare with tho valley of the Nile. I leave these and other topics to those whose exnerienr? and wriniJnrrt will enable them to entertain and instruct you more thoroughly than I can hope to do. Mr. President and gentlemen of the Institute, my task is nearly ended. Yoahavo ray contribution to this Institute, over which you preside?"would it were worthier." I have attempted to enforce the conviction that our prosperity is absolutely dependent upon the judicious distribution of .labor and capital?upon its diversion from agriculture to.lpanufactures and the mechanic arts. My ambition on this interesting occasion has been not to indulge .in tho rhetoric of tho orator, bnt to turn the attention of my countrymen by practical suggeajtioda to the best means of stimulating and * * oping a now and vigorous prosperityy^E*amino these suggestions with critical .caution ; accept such as are founded'On wisdom ; reject thoso based on error,: and "do something to make Charleston, the-pri3e*6f every true hearted Carolinian?-a great oRy ?great in her commerce?great in herton-* * nage?great in her mechanic arte?groat In * her manufactures, and gredt Wi the nhmber and enterprise of herinbl^lfctftt.*- - r- kDo something to make 601161 OartKnW a su cce&ful rival to - all her competing Muriates in the mechanic arte and manufactures, and puna up up uer a fame, nahonQrable ati, as thai intellectual awf "patriotic -ftrthe which :)tur fathers reared ipr htayaritfc frhich ', iMy? light* uppjbrilliaBVly ev?ry,p#jjt^j?er history. ' v,?ef&0%ii 1 j&ttii . JS v .J " y ft * ** ^