The Spartan. [volume] (Spartanburg, S.C.) 1896-1898, January 08, 1896, Page 7, Image 7
(&&15Ug>Blr3
IN THE APIARY.
Shallow Fnunfi Vermin I)ti>p Fnimc* For
Wlaterlnf Honey lloee.
First.?Irrespective of the depth or
_ 11 -? *
Minnow ticks oi me irames, does the
amount of comb which the cluster of a
colony covers at the beginning of winter,
if abont fonr-fiftlia filled with honey,
suffice for its needs, without the
cluster moving lengthwise until the seaBon
enables it to do so readily?
Second.?Is there any essential contradiction
between the maxim "Deep
? frames are better for wintering" and
the fact that colonies have wintered
well in very shallow hives, such as tho
Bingham?
The boekeeeper who asked the foregoing
questions of The American Bco
-Journal, also gave his own idea in tho
matter. He said: "My idea is that very
shallow frames succeed when they are
filled with honey, or nenrly so, and deep
frames succeed because they liavo enough
honey in their tops, and that in neither
case tho cluster moves lengthwise in severe
weather."
fTU/% * - ^ '
ivitiy iiijui v-nanes undone awl
sou was: "If the place occupied by the
cluster, in a shallow hive, was filled
four-fifths with honey, there would bo
110 room for the bees either to breed or
to cluster, as they do not like to cluster
on the honey, probnbly owing to the fact
that it is much colder than the empty
comb. The back part of the hive would
then be filled all the way down, and we
would consider that the colony was running
somo risk, more so than a colony
that had less honey under the cluster.
In addition to this we will say that
wo do not believe that a colony can have
a hive as full as mentioned above and bo
strong, as the bees must of necessity have
filled this space during the honey tlow,
and tliero is usually about two months
between that date and the opening of
the cold weather in which they broed
more or less to keep up numbers. Bees
in very shallow frames with us do not
winter so well as in largo ones, as a rule,
and the fact that "thoy have wintered
well" is not an evidence that they winter
as woll as in the deeper ones.
C. H. Dibbens replied: "1. I think
so. 2. No; the severity of the weather,
strength of colony and the quality of
food have more to do with successful
wintering than the shupo of the hive."
M. Mahin said: "1. Yes and no; it
depends on the latitude and the character
of the weather; in some oases the
honey in reach, if there wero none above
the cluster, would be all consumed, and
?ne twos would starve. 2. I do not see
:**ny."
Dr. J. P. H. Brown and Q. M. Doolittle
thought the questions had been
well answered by the propounder of
them. Professor A. J. Cook's experience
? tallied with the questioning beekeeper's
conclusions.
W. K. Qraham said: "1. It is all
sufficient in this locality. 2. I would
prefer deep frames for wintering."
Wide Range of Tobacco.
Probably the tobacco crop this season
has proved as profitable as any farm
product. The markets have been very
firm and active all this fall, and the
prices realized are very satisfactory, osneeiallv
for tHa bnat otaHm nf Pf?n??i?n
leaf and seed. Tobacco can be cultivated
over a much wider range of territory
than many seem to expeot. Twenty
.years ago very few northern states raised
tobacco, except in isolated parts of Connecticut,
but today Pennsylvania, New
York and Wisconsin tobacco is in considerable
demand. More recently southern
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri
have come to the front as good tobaoco
states, and thousands of farmers are
making a good living from the plant.
Bnt, as a writer in The American
Cultivator explained, it does not pay to
raise inferior tobaooo, for the taste of
smokers is becoming moreoritical every
year. "The labor required to put the tobaoco
into marketable shape is great,
but as this comes obiefly in the winter
season no farmer shonld complain. A
farmer should consequently raisq at
least two crops, one of tobacco and ouo
of Bome other profitable plant. The soils
that give the best results with tobacco
arc sandy loam, well drained and very
rich. The soil must be deep and warm,
and consequently well drained."
Fertilising Gannon.
A tree which lives for years and is
slow in its action needs to bo fertilized
some time ahead for frnit. The potash
is not really needed so long beforehand,
bnt it is well to have it there so that
the rains may bring it to the rootlets
and enable it to got thoroughly incorporated
into the sap. Scientific men tell us
that potash is one of the least vanishing
of the manorial elements and remains
in the soil a long time. The working required
to cover potash and boue is so
very shallow that it need not set the
tree to erowine prematurelv. If von an
piy nitrogen, either in the form of nitrate
of soda or sulphate of ammonia,
this should be well covered. This is
principally useful for foroing bloom and
making it strong and prolifio, and wn
believe the guava is not deficient in this
respeot.?Florida Fruit Grower.
Th? Bollworm.
An old cotton planter, writing from
McKinney, Tor., in the Texas Farm and
Ranch, says: I never tested the plan of
planting peas to proteot cotton from the
bollworm. bnt in 1870, when the bollwarm
did the greatest damage to the
cotton crop in this section, 1 planted a
trial patch of three acres, planting 20
rows ootton April 1, and May 1 two
1
rows late corn Alternately, ana i mnao
three bales of cotton, while the oorn
was literally devoured by the worm.
Early planting, rapid cultivation and
plenty distance in drill have proved one
of the safest remedies.
SIX CROPS IN ONE VEAR.
Thro* of Ons, Two of Potato** and Omm
of Turnip*.
AO grow and harvest six crops of grain
and vegetables on the same field in on*
season Jfe a triumph in farming that does
not come to many. But an Alabama
farmer tells in The American Agriculturist
that he has a neighbor who grows
annually six crops of corn, potatoes and
turnips on the Bame piece of ground.
Ho manures heavily with stable manure
and plows deep in February, planting
first Early Rose potatoes in rows 2 feet
apart. As soon as the young vines are
largo enough, he gives them a good
working with a plow, leaving nu open
furrow betweeu throws. In this furrow
early corn is planted, the ground
being again well fertilized in the hill.
The potutoes begin to mature iu May,
and as theso are gathered, a second
planting of corn is made in the rows
from which the potatoes have been taken.
In the digging of the latter the
early planted corn is given a good working.
By the time the second planting is
ready to plow, tho first one has matured
iu roasting ears, and (lie stalks are cut
up and fed to live stock, or cured an^l
stored for winter forage. The ground
upon which this first corn crop is grown
is now opened again with the plow, the
second planting given a good working. I
and a third corn crop is planted between
the two foot rowe, a gcod manuring in '
the hills being given as before.
When the second planting of corn
comeR into maturity and tlio roasting
ears and stalks have been harvested, the
ground is plowed again, nnd in the rows
where the second crop of corn grow is
planted a second crop of Irish potatoes
in furrows well filled again with good
fertilizers. This planting is usunlly
made early in September, the crop maturing
in November. The third planting
of corn comes in as late roasting ears.
When this crop hus beeu gathered as before,
the ground is again fertilized and
plowed, and turnips are sown between
the potatoes. This crop is ready for
\ harvesting in December, thus making
six crops in one year, three of corn, two
of potatoes and one of turnips.
This system has been kept up without
variation for five years, and tho ground
lias shown no deterioration. On the contrary,
it appears to be steadily increasing
in fertility and productiveness, the
result of six annual fertilizations and
the deep and thorough tillage given in
the various croppings. The system, however,
is possible only in a low latitude
and where killing frosts seldom appear
between the middle of March and the
10th of November.
Water Protection From Frost.
Tbo Country Gentleman sails attention
to a suggestive fact stated in con
nection with the Florida freeze which
may prove of considerable practioal importancein
subtropical cultivation. It
is stated that the 65 acre orange grovo
of White A Leonard, near Bastings et?tion,
in northeastern Florida, was saved
by flooding the ditches with artesian
water. Mr. J. C. White was one of the
first farmers in Florida to pnt down
artesian wells, and he found that he^
could raise the temperature of his fields
eight degrees by flooding his ditches. '
A grove near by, which also had water'
protection, was slightly damaged, because
the water bad not been turned on
in time. Other groves in the neighbor-'
hood without such protection suffered
severely. An artesian well in that region
costs but little, as an immense volume
of water, believed to be from underground
drainage of the Appalachian
chain of mountains, underlies Florida,
forces itself to the surface in springs
that are rivers, flows southward and inuudutes
all southern Florida with flowing,
fresh water, producing the distinguishing
characteristics of the Ever
glades.
If a difference of eight degrees in temperature
can be produced in this way, it
mav obviate damaoe hv front nsw ?
large area in all bnt extremely exceptional
cases occurring at long intervals
and involving only the northern part of
Florida. Nine years ago was the Inst injurious
frost, which was the worst in
51 previous winters, and the settlers,
after such exemption, were courageons
enough to go on with planting and cultivation,
with rosults that have proved
vory successful.
Clubfoot In CtbbafH,
For club root, or foot, as it is variously
called, in cabbages, turnips, etc., no
remedy or sure prevention has yet been
discovered save strict rotation. Never
plant cabbages or any other member of
the same family twice on the same
land except it be in old gardens or in
calcareous soils. The New Jersey oxporiment
station says that in its experiments
air slacked stone lime gavo sufficient
evidence of its usefulness ns a preventive
of clubroot of tnrrdns to warrant
it being recommenced for that purpose.
But no loss than 75 bushels ehouhl
be annlied ner ncr? nnrl at lonat t
months previous to the time of planting.
The soil on which these experiments
were made was probably a light
sandy loam. Undoubtedly even a smaller
quantity of lime would answer for
some other soils.
A summary of the department of agriculture
estimates gives the acreage and
production of the United States for 1805
as of wheat 88,044,850 acres and 424,281,000
bushels, and of corn 81,000,800
aores and 2,161,857,000 bushels. In
1804 there were 1,212,770,052 bushels
of corn.
Cboioe apples, especially red varieties,
axe in good demand.
jm
Harper's Hagazine!
IN 1896
Brlseis, a novel by Wll'lsm Black,
*titt*n with all/ the author's wellknown
charm of manner, will begin tu
the December Number, 1895, mid continue
until May. A new novel by Geo.
Du Maurier, entitlfd The Martian, will
also begin during the year. It is not
too much to ?ay that no novel has ever
be?n awaited with ruoh great expectation
as the successor to Trilby. The
Person*! recolleo ions of Joan of Am
will continue and will relate the story
of the failure and martyrdom of the
Maid of Orleans. Other important tlctlon
of the year wi 1 be a novelette by
Mark Twain, under the title, Tom S iwyer.
Detective; a humorous threepart
fale oall'd Two Mormons from Muddiety,
by Langdon El wyn Mitchell ; and
short stories bv Octave Tbanet, Richard
Harding Dnvi*, Mary E. Wilkin*,
Julian Kalpb, Hrander Matthews,
Owen Wtster, and other well-known
writers.
Prot. Woodrow Wilson wi'l contribute
a'x pa| e<*s on George Washington
and his 'lines, with illustration* by
Howard Py e. Poultney Bigclow's history
of The Onniftt Struggle far Liberty,
IIIub^ r i-ed t?y R. Canton Woodville,
wilf be contiuned throngh the
winter. Two j ap? rs on St. Clair's defeat
aud Mad Antnony Wayne's victory
by Theodore Roosevelt, with graphic
iMuttratious v i 1 be printed during the
year.
A ?<oteworthy feature cf the MAGAZINE
during 1?90 will be a series of articles
by Casrer W. Whitney, describing
his trip of 2600 miles ou snow shoes
and with dcg-s'edu* trains into the unexplored
barren Grouuds of British
North America In pursuit of wood-bison
and mmk cx'-n. Mr. Whitney's series
will hive the added interest of being
i lust rated frtm photograps taken by
hiuise If.
The 'o'nmes of the MAGAZINE heiria
with the Numbers for June aud
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/'OnHv OUR $13.25 SACK SUITS ?
I I Mfl MADE TO YOUR ORDER
/ CJ1.I* FROM FINE IMPORTED
\ ZJ J\ Y CLAY WORSTEDS.CHEVA
IOTS, TWEEDS. ETC.
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In part payment for a hl?h trratto Acme
; blcyclo. wlilcta we send them on approval. No
wort done until ibo bicycle arrive* and prove*
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ACME CYCLE COHPANY,
{ < ^ ELKHART, INP. ^ ^ j
ATTE1N
nOTTOlV fll
v/ \/ m JL V/ JL. ^ \J\ .1
75c Will pay for ginning a 1
and Tits, old or new, fu
Rules for 1
1 ?Every patron shall have unifo
2?500 pounds or less is reckoned
3?Services may he paid in seed 11
4?For every 100 lbs. of lint cot
allowed.
5?When patron desires he may 1
6?We will buy seed cotton.
7?We will buy cotton seed.
8?We will exchange 100 lbs. of
0?We will exchange 200 lbs. of
These terms are not directed to Mops 1
condition; but to every up-to-date, ooerg
bale or one hundred bales of cotton, who
who waute to reduce his toll, who wauts t
of his s-ed and cotton, who wauts to excl
out of three tons of seed, and who is wiliin
is better than raw hide.
TUC D
1 tllJ I
Use meal an l dissolved bono 1 to 2 for
for your cowb.
Is the place to get all sorts of Fu;
Undertaking a Specialty. Coffi
furnished on short notice.
J. F. FLOYD &
IrWEST?
And want LOW RATES to 8*. I oois
Mem phi", New Orleans. C'ncfimeth
Louisville, ChicaRO, or points in Arkausa*,
Texan, Missouri, Kalians, Colorado.
Oregon. Washington. California, or any
point West. It will Pay You to write to
orSKRMK. Excursion and Special Rates
from time to time. Choice of Routes.
No trouble to answer questions. Rates
and maps furnished free. Address
Frkd D. Bush, Diet. Pans. Agent. L. &
N. R, R.. 3(H Wall St.. Atlanta.t-U.
CottonSeed Meaf
AND HULLS
At lowest, market prloe et HalMt'e Ice
Honse. Farmera will please take notice
VV. B. HALLETT.
HO MORE EYE-GUSSES
i mi CriELL S
Eye-Salve
Certain, Safe, and Effective Remedy for
SORE, WEAK, & INFLAMED EYES,
.. Producing Long-sightedness, A Restoring
the Sight of the Old.
Cures Tear Drops, Granulation* Stys
Tumors, Red Eyes, Matted Eye Lashes,
* lis ruacrno tries seiict aid periiiest ecu.
Also, equally efllracloue when need In other
maladies, euch ae I'lrere. Pevsr Saras.
Tamore, Salt Khram, Herns, Piles, or
wherever Inflammation exist*. JtttTCMMMeLX/ 0
SURXFJBmay be need to advantage.
Said by all Draiclsta at U5 Casta.
Children Cry for
I Pitcher's Castoria.
$
[TION
ROWERS!
>ale at the Oil Mill. Bagging
rnished at Bock Bottom Prices.
Fall 1895
rm attention.
I a bale of cotton.
it highest market price.
ton in bale G bushels of seed is #
landle and weigh bis own seed.
meal for 200 lbs. of seed,
hulls for 100 lbs. of seed.
Hacks who do not. want t.o better their
etlc, economine! farmer who raiHes on?
known a dollar whenever he meets It,
o save one hauling and two handlings
langa two tons of s?e<i for all the meal
K to acknowledge t hat Tanned Leather
RODUCO MILLS
your land, and meal and hulls 1 to 5
' I ?fl I
M
rniture at lowest prices.
CO.
|Eclectic Magazine.
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i 896.
FIFlY-f ECOND YEAR.
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Content norarv Review Andrew l.anx.
Fortmxhtiv Review, Pror. M*x Mueller,
Nineteenth ''etitury, J. Norman Locicyer,
Science Review, .lames llrvce, M. P.,
Itiackwood'sM ixazlne vvmiam fllacs,
Oornhlll Msaa/ine. W. II.Mallock,
MacmlUlan'sMaxe/.lne Herbert Spencer,
Now Review, T. P. MahalTy,
nmniiiw iiptipw, Sir Kobert Hall.
Chamber's Journal, Prince Kropotkio,
Teinido liar, Archdeacon Farrar,
The Academy. st. Oeorgo Mlvart,
Tii? Athena- ni, Itev, II. It. llaweU,
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