The people. (Camden, S.C.) 1904-1911, December 29, 1904, Image 5
lacmtlw IllHMi.
T no period In the history
! uf tills country u* the
i question of road Improve*
i ment been so widely and
t enthusiastically donisaed
m nt the present time. In th* crystal
taction of public sentiment for the bet
terment of oar highways, the office of
Mb He Road Inquiries, at Washington,
d|s proven a most Important factor.
work Is being accomplished by
collating and disseminating Informa
tion, publishing and distributing lit
erature on the subject, testing road
building materials, and in co-operating
with other allied forces of construc
tion of object lesson roads lu various
aections of the country. The Interest
manifested In this question Is by no
means confined to those within the
rural districts, who are supposed to be
the greater beneficiaries, but all classes
of our cltlseus are directly or indirect
ly Interested In this great movement,
and therefore should be free to ex*
pr*?s their opinions and lend their as-*
sktance wherever opportunities pre
sent themselves.
In this age of enlightenment and
progress' all agree that it is necessary
tQ adopt other and more modern meth
ods of improving our highways than
the primitive method of "warning out
the hands"? male. cltisens between the
ages of eighteen and forty-five years
la proximity to the road to be im
proved. This has proven entirely too
effective, especially with the rapidly j
Increasing population of the country
and -the constantly increasing volume
of traffic on the road. Were every per
son liable to duty to work with pick
and shovel a few days annually, as re
quired by law, but tittle more could
be accomplished than to fill the worst
chuck holes, and by ao doing ease their
conscience and relieve the overseers
of the embarrassment of being in
dieted la the county court. No system
of working roads is a Just one if la
ker is compelled to bear the entire
burden of the cost and at the aame
time property enjoy eqnal benefits by
to enhancement In value.
, As previously stated, money 1s the
^pcessary requisite for the improve
(nent of our common highways, but the
v: perplexing problem with oar people
4p "how to get It.** Day by day the
Subllc Is becoming more enthuslsstlc
jpon the question as they study it In
lis vsrlous phases, and are of the opin
ion that, as the roads are a benefit to
fj!. the burden of cost of their con
struction and maintenance should be
tarn by all. There arc various wsyt
%y which this may be done, bht like
t?e accomplishment of all great move*
menta, fhf* co-operation of all allied
rorcea Is essentlsl. Within the past
few years many 8tates have enacted
Hqprs and appropriated money for the
improvement of the common roads ol
the country, and many counties have
Issued bonds for the same purpose,
this purpose have also been raised by
.Street taxation and by individual sub
scription, but the limited amount col
lected is generally too small to sctrce*
It t" a nnlng on the great num
oflKn^to'be improved.
I ! '^Mtdaa WwiJi.
lb the construction of a road In any
Itind of soil it is essential to properly
ilocntc. grade and drain before surfac
ing and rolling. If the best results are
to be 1 obtained. Good materials are
equally essential, but often, however,
Jt pays better to use an inferior mate
rial found in the locality, if a more
?desirable quality cannot, be ? secured
from a distance. The system of con
structing macadam roads upon mod*
cm and scientlflc principles is consld
? eroil superior to others, although more
? expensive. The macadam road built
?of crushed chert, trap rock or good
-limestone, will endure th? ordinary
volume of traffic almost an' indefinite
period of time with but little additional
cost of repairs, especially if only wide
tires are used, ns wide tires are rood
makers and narrow tires are road
breakers. ? Any material that will re
sist wear, and has sufficient cement
ing qualities to render the roadbed
?* Impervious to water. Is desirable.
Kither gravel, mixture of clay and
fnnd, of mlnefal oil, when properly ap
pi i I'd, tnako rt less expensive and at
I the tame tlma n most excellent road,
Vhen -v local conditions ore favorable.
The us# of ftr*tclass machinery is also
Indispensable to successful road build
ing. The county authorities could
make no better Investment than to pur
chase a complete plant of the very best
ro.ul building machinery.
I r?
Popnlurity of National Aid.
No Internal improvements would
more materially benefit tlie country nt
largo ttinu good roads. No section of
1he country is more enthusiastic for
good road* than the South, and as her
people seldom receive assistance In any
?way from the National Treasury that
in.-thod thuit might be adopted for gen
? ril internal improvements. It is grnt
i Tying to know that this cause, meets
1ho approval of tlio Southern delega
tions in Congress, particularly the en
lire delegation from North Carolina.
Oil# of the best speeches made on the
good roads question during the latft
Mcasion of Congress was by Represen
tative Oudger, of the Tenth (or inoun
lain) District of the Old North State.
It Is becoming quite evident to the
minds of our solons that In order to
?ecure re election It behooves them to
j get In line for better roads. This gl
gdnttc movement for better road? Is
by tin* people, and the wishes of the
people should, and must, be granted.
Rattle* With Kinar Mad.
? Within the pait fow years thi
I growth of public sentiment In favor
of the good roads movement has been
moat marvelous, but to secure these
roads during the lifetime of the pres
ent generation It is necessary that
Individuals should abandon their pet
?rhemes and everybody agree on some
general plan, and all pull together to
accomplish the desired end. No great
Victory is ever won without a unity
0t Action, and tl)is is particularly tru?
la our buttle to conquer King Mud.
THE ACQUIESCENT SNAKE
Then one* was a man who said, MWkv
Can t 1 look that bit ??ke in the ey?*
The snake said. "You can,"
And he looked at the man.
( Moet any last line will ?^ply|.
WHICH HB WAS NOT.
Chumpley Qjlootnllj)? "What make*
fou think there ia hope for me?"
Mlsa Kidder ? "8he told me the
wouldn't marry the best man living."
?Philadelphia Public Ledger.
IN THE ANIMAL STORE.
Japanese Pug? "Tell me the story of
four life."
Persian Cat? "Which one? I hare
alne, you know."? Pittsburg Post. '
TIME FOB ANOTHER.
Friend? "Hello, old man. how art
/ou? I hear you've written the latest
novel of the day."
Author? "Well, I had nt 12 o'clock,
out It's 2 o'clock now."? Houston
Chronicle.
ALL HB LACKED. .
"Jiggsley's boy would have made his
tollege eleven, but he lacked two
things."
"What were they?"
"The nerve and the physique."?
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
WORSE THAN THE DOG.
She? "You'd better alt by this open
?rlndow, dearest, in case pspa ahould
come into the room suddenly."
He? "But there's a Here? bulldog
outside, darling."
"I know it, but of two evils alwaya
choose the lesser."? Chicago JourngL
HI8 DOESN'T COUNT.
Dremer? "My wife and I alwaya
{miss upon and decide our household
questions quite as seriously .as though
we were voting upon national issues."
Henpeck? "Well, whenever my wife
and I pull off an election like that ahe
alwaya wins by one vote."? Phlladel- -
phla press.
AN UNFORTUNATE OMISSION.
Hicks? "There is one thins that
these schools of elocution ought to
teach and don't."
Wicks? "What's that?"
Hicks? "They don't teach their pu
pils when they ought to decline posi
tively to give a rccltatlon."? Somer
ville Journal.
?
NO CHOICE IN THE MATTER.
"And the charity ia supported by vol*
antary contributions?"
"Why," said the clergyman, "I can'b
say that it la exactly. The fact ia,
that some or the ladlea iar eW "com
mlttee are so persuasive and so per
sistent that people Just have to ^con
tribute."? Brooklyn Life.
? ?
H? WAS ^JP TO DATE. *
Nettle? "Am I worth my weight In
gold to you, Ned?"
Ned? "Moro thnn that, dearest; you'ro
wortli your weight In trading stamps."
?Chicago Chronicle.
|
SOMETHING STRANGE.
"Dear me," said the young wife. "I
believe that dog dealer deceived me.
I don't beliove this is a Boston bull at
nil."
"Why not?" asked her husband.
"Because I cooked himisome of tlio
daintiest brans and ho wouldn't touch
them."? Chicago News.
IIOW HE LEFT THE STAGE.
"Was his debut os a burlesque actor
successful?"
"No." y,f| /?jT!!*.'* v
"Why not?'* *
"Well, ho began by taking off every*
body."
"Yes?"
"And then everybody got together
and took him off."? Clovelaud Plain
Dealer.
^ A
TOO MUCH. ' '
I/owe Comerdy? "Alas! it's true that
Barnstom has gone plumb nutty. Tho
last part he had was too much for
him."
Hi Tragerdy? "Too emotional, ?hf*
Lowe Comcrdy? "Too Ironically ag
gitavatlng, I guess. He was playing
Monte Cristo at $12 per week and not
even getting tho twelve."? Philadel
phia Press.
One of the finest and largest tropical
gardens In the world Is that of the Bel*
gtan Gonsfcl it Taaglera, Morocco,
Several uranium 4 mineral* bare
I shown radium directly proportional in
quantity to the amount of uranium,
which tends to confirm tbe suggestion
that radium is formed by y?e breaking
down of tbo uranium atoui.
The average height of man Is found
?by A. Dastre to bnre continued tb?
same for thousauds of years, n? shown
In primitive man, prehistoric man. and
historic man. The great size ot uu
.dent man Is Imugiuary.
One of the most singular of the many
enrious fossils yielded by the famous
opal fields at White Cliffs. N. S. \\\. I?
an opallzed shark. It Is three and a
half feet long and eighteen Inches la
greatest circumference and is euclrcled
from tip to tip with thin veins of pur
ple opal.
Some plants go to sleep every night.
The mimosa, or sensitive plant. In
daylight opens Its fragile leave* wbieli
are hard at work eating, absorbing the
carbonic acid of tbe air Into plant food.
At nighty tbe mimosa sleeps and di
gests what It has eaten, and the leaves
fold up double against -epch other, the
stem droops and the leaf is limp and
apparently dead.
Experimenting on the Influence of
metal containers on the fermentation
of liquids, Leopold Nathan has shown
that German sliver, copper, zinc, brass
and bronze have a decidedly strong in
hibitory effect, while tin and lead have
moderate action. Polished Iron, sil
ver. gold, polished tin. alumluntu.
nickel, as well as celluloid, glass aud
hard robber, have little or no effect.
The smoothness of the surface of met
als seems to have decided influence.
A striking Instance of the change
which the cultivation of natural science
is capable of causing In the face of the
earth is afforded by a remark of Mr
Andrew Hurray concerning tbe result*
achieved by horticulture in England.
They have, he said, affected the ap
pearance of all England. "Nowhere
can a day's ride now be taken where
the landscape It not beautified by come
of the Introductions of the Royal Hor
ticultural_8oclety."
A FRAUD DETECTED.
.IIaw .Mr*. LMoard N?*n the U?tru
bmK'i .
"If it is not a coincidence, it is a
fraud." \
The chief clerk of tbe note counting
division of the United States Treasury
Department, Washington. D. C.. looked
up from a pile of official documents.
Beside his desk stood a short, middle
aged woman. Her air watt business
like. In her hsnd she held a package
of Treasury notes, from the end of
each of which a piece bad been torn.
"What is it. ifh. Leonard?" inquired
the chief clerk.
"In the first place," she said, "these
notea sre comparatively new. Yet you
see a piece of each is missing. I have
received several batches containing
such notes during the past three
months. I have looked ap the source,
and I find in every esse the notes have
eorno from the same bank."
"Ah! Then you suspect something
wrong?"
"Well, some one has deliberately torn
the ends from those notes. It would
be tho easiest thing in the world for
the person who has the scraps to burn
the edges and then send them here foi
redemption. Hadn't we better be ou
the lookout?"
In thia manner did Mrs. Wllla A
Leonard, the expert money-counter ol
the United States Treasury Depart
ment, detect a fraud which might have
cost the Government many thousand*
of dollars. Investigation justified liei
suspicions. A detective shadowed ali
of tiie clerks employed by the hank
named l>y Mrs. Leonard, and final);
found one who had been making it i?
practice to tear off the ends of note*
that passed through his hands. Wher
cornered by tho detective he confessed
that it had .been his intention to burt
tho edges and send them to Washing
ton with an affidavit that the remain
der of each had been consumed by fin
accidentally. ? Theodore Waters, it
Everybody's Magazine.
How Indian* Telegraphed.
With tlielr body robes of flnolj
tanned buffalo hide held, raised, low
ered, dropped and swung in eertnlr
well known peculiar ways, tbe Indlai
scouts and watchers used to telograpt
tlience to the distnnt village of tb<
presence of strangers or enemies li
the country, .of the approach of th<
buffalo bands, and of the return of wai
and hunting parties.
If the camp was too distant for the
blanket signal to be made out, the in
formation was communicated by firei
at night and by pillars and ballooL
shaped puffs of smoke by day, descern
ible to the distance of At least flftj
miles. When the traders came up tb<
Missouri River the Indian Scout addel
the small circular hand mirror to his
meagre but all sufficient outfit, and it
time learned to communicate with hit
distant friends by (lashes of sunlight
The first Indian hunter or horse herd
er who caught the danger signal frore
the lookout station repeated It to tb?
village by riding bis horse furiously In
a circle or by some similar sign.? FleK
and Stream.
The Largest Diamond.
Unfortunately, the largest diamond
In tho world Is not of the crystalline
sort used as a gem. If It were Its vol
ne would be fabulous, for it Is seven
teen times larger than the famous Vic
toria diamond, the largest of moderr
finds, which was sold of $1,500,000. It?
truo value depends upon the use t<
which It can be put when broken up
for It Is of the amorphous kind, knowt
technically as carbon.
To flange a Conductor.
The French Society of Mannfaetur
ers Is offering a prize of 0000 franci
for the Invention of an apparatus foi
gauging the current of an electrical
conductor. The competition closes or
December 31, 100*. and particulars car
b? obtained from M. Le President, As
sociotion des Industrie!* de France, 3
Hue de Lutece, Paris.? London Engl
Qter.
FARM TOPICS.
RYE A8 A .SOIL IMPROVER.
llyc Is not a profitable sraln crop on
rood wheat kfid- .It will not yield
with wheat. aad Its long, soft straw 1?
difficult to hUTHt. It will not pay fot
the grain alone on good land. If the
?oil Is a depleted clay, heavy and cold,
bye will prove more profitable than
wheat. It Is a soil Improver. If sowu
in the fall oi very thin land and per
mitted to ma tare, the grain, remaining
unharvested on the ground until the
next fall, than all turned under^he
poorest, saddest land, if well drained,
will grow clover fairly well.
Rye will famish considerable pas
ture for sheep and swine In early
spring, and is not only an excellent
cover crop. bdfc la probably the surest
crop for fall and winter pasture.
HORSE TECHNICALITIES.
A white spot on the forehead Is a
?tar. A white face from eye to eye
la a bald face. A atrip between the
nostril Is a snip. A white eye Is a
glass eye. A horse has pasterns, not
ankles, and there is no snch point as
a hind knee or fore shoulder. White
around the top of the hoof Is a white
coronet. White below the psstern or
above the pastern is a white leg. A
snip cannot he anywhere hut on the
nose. Amble la a gait like pacing, but
alower. In which the two lega on the
aame side are moved together. The
croup la that part of the horse back of
the saddle. The forearm is that part
of the leg between the elbow and the
knee, and the elbow :a the Joint of the
foreleg next to the knee and not to the
side. When the horse forges It strlkea
the toe of the forefoot with the toe
of the hind one. and thla la sometimes
the result of bad shoeing. Every one
should know that the hand, a term
commonly need in deecrlblng the height
of a horse, is ooe- third of s foot, or four
Inches.
APPLYING MANURE.
Farmers will have their own views
and practices how to apply the manure.
Clrcumatances snd condltlona will
make more or lees difference. A farmej
should study the matter carefully and
by experimenting on hla own land try
to find the best methoda.
Both methoda of plowing manure un
der and aurface application are prac
ticed. and each will have its advan
tages. CohM^iatsawy, manure should
producc the beit results by plowing
under, as It lsdMtetolt tb?dFpbwetlng~tt :
with the surface" soli to any satisfac
tory degree by harrowing. Xarsed
under it wtti be ?tat or -the way tff^enlti
vatkui, decay and furnish food for the
roots of the plants as they extend
downward.
It will sleo serve to lighten the soil
and furnish vegetable matter which is
of Importance. The writer used to
have an idea that aarface manuring,
at least on his own land, was alto
gether the best, but later developments
rather Indicate that plowing the man
ure under hss its advsntages, and is
to be preferred.
Of cearse. soils, seasons and depth
of plowing will have aomo influence
or effect in the matter, and one ahould
not be so decided in hla oplniona and
practices thst be will not be willing
to make a change when indications
point to an improvement in so doing.
Then, In conclusion, do all possible
of the plowing In the fall, do It In the
best manner, ayd carefully apply all
of the manure available In the manner
calculated to do the most good.? >E. B,
Towlo, In The American Cultivator.
POULTRY NOTES.
Even thos?> skeptically inclined ad
mit that now. when eggs and chickens
sell at high prices, It is better to raise
them than to have to buy them.
? After the trick of egg eating Is once
learned by a hen. she very likely^ will
soon begin to pick at whole eggs," and
perhaps finally manage to break even
eggs with good, hard shells.
The treatment for the prevention of
the egg-eating habit consists of supply
ing the hens with proper and sufficient
food, Including grit and eggshell ma
terials, and the regular and prompt re
moval of the eggs from the n?sts.
Hens will eat eggs whenever broken
ones are placed within their reach. It
lis natural for tliein to eat anything that
is good to eat and in proper shape for
them to eat. To stop t*. m from eat
ing eggs, therefore, is to keep broken
eggs out of their reach.
Nobody can get more enjoyment and
real comfort out of an egg than the
producer who knows all about Its an
tecedents and is sure that his own
hehs have manufactured it from unob
jectionable materials only n day or two
before it is used on the table.
Just at this time, while some of the
old stock is still on hand, and the sur
plus of the young stock not yet dis
posed of, with capons, pullets and old
old hens all ready for their dally mash,
or mashes, wo need plenty of feed
troughs If we wl*b to protect the birds
from unduly crowding one another and
possibly preventing the weaker ones
from getting their share.
It Is often stated that eggs laid In
early spring, while the weather Is cool,
have better keeping qualities than
eggs laid during August or even Sep
tember. Thin seems hardly probable,
and one should not hesitate to store the
summer eggs for winter use, provided
they are gathered the day they are
laid, then put away In waterglass solu
tion, and stored In as cool a place as
may be handy .?Indianapolis News.
Again th? Infant Terrible.
"I have noticed that Mf, Smith al
ways leaves before the sermon," re
marked the new minister in tbe course
of his first pnstoral call.
"Yes, lie-er. thnt Is " Mr?. 8mltk
Hindered about In embarrassment un?
? 1 Tommy thought It time to come to
1. r rescue.
"I know wby," he piped up shrilly.
"Do you, my little man?" said the
minister, smiling encouragingly "Wby
la It, then?"
"Ma makes him. 'Cause he always
snores when he goes to sleep."? New
York Press.
COST OP SPRAYING.
The cost of spraying apple trees
three times with bordeaux mixture at
the Maine Experiment 8tation Is from
ten to fifteen cents per tree. Baldwin
apples on sprayed trees showed ninety
seven per cent, of the fruit free from
scab, while unsprayed trees showed
only sixty-seven per cent, of the fruit
free from scab. On full-crown trees
It Is reckoned that the average crop is
about three barrels, which would give
a gain of a barrel of clear handsome
fruit as a result of the spraying. The
profits of the operation, however, vary,
as some years there is but little scab,
while other years It Is very prevalent
THE VALUE OP TREES.
Plenty of trees abort the farm and
especially the building and yards, are
a splendid thing, both for ornament
and comfort. Trees break the mon
otony of landscape, make the country
beautiful, afford shade and kfcvlter tar
man and beast, and enhance the vatae
of farm property. The farmer has c?t
down and grubbed out many a fin<>
tree In the field .because it occupied
n little room and he had to work
around It. Leave them for ornament
and to shade the stock. Don't deface
the beautiful country for a dollar or
two that may be had from the soil
occupied by one of natqre's grand pro
ductions. Better leave such trees to
the children rather than a few extra
dolls rs.?Wlscontln Agriculturist.
FLOWERS TO SELECT. j
For til stationary taxes a favorite
covering la birch bark, and ail the
new hanging baskets are made In a
coarse mesh, of wire or rush, so that
?lnes msy grow oat through the crer
Ices, for which purpose both ivy and ,
bine lobelia are favorites. Fuchsia,
geranium and variegated vlnkers are
reliable bloomers for the centre of a
hanging basket, though the smsrtest
touch Is given to the porch by hanging
baskets in green alone, with all colore
reserved for the boxes. Kenthla palms
are a favorite of the hour for amall
baskets, boxes and fern dishes.
When the portable boxes border the
porch the following arrangement of
plants la recommended by a success
ful florist: With the boose for a back
ground, aet a row of daisies or ur
gnerites, which. If properly cut, will
Moom almost the summer through.
Next comes a row of geraniums,
which must not be too large when
transplanted from the florist's beds or
hot house; then bagqnlas, and flnatly
Ivy, . to floall over the fnant of the
perch. AH these plants are sturdy
and will bear transplanting when in
bloom.
If the taste runs to old fashioned
flowers, verbenas may be set into
the boxes when almost ready to bloom,
and sslgnomette, lady slipper and port
ulaca seeds may be planted among
the hardier transplanted blooms. But
for the emergency garden, stsrted at
thla season of the year, the trans
planted blooms are the safest invest*
MBt
CARE OF 8MALL FRUITS.
Wank Aiken, In the American Ajrl
nltnrlat, writes: The small fruits I
prow are red and black raspberries,
Dlackberries. currants, gooseberries,
ind strawberries. The year's care
>f all these except strawberries be
gins with taking out of the dead wood
In March. With raspberries and
blackberries all the wood that fruited
last summer is taken out with a sharp
hook made of a large flat file and at
tached to n handle about three foot
long. With this tool I cut off all dead
fanes and pull them out between the
rows as I pass along. Then a week or
two later I go over the same rows and
put back all the new wood that is to
Trult this year. My raspberries are
pinched in summer, so this growth is
mostly lateral and Is trimmed to about
two feet long. Plants set the year pre
vious are cut about one foot.
This leaves the dead wood and trim
mings in the middles, where after
ward they are pulled to ends of rows
with a one-horse rake, then piled and
burned. This leaves the plantation
ready for cultivation, which begins
some time lif May. I usa a one-horse
hoe with a vide sweep for the back
tooth.
I cultivate every week or two until
after berries /ire all picked. I usually
hoe once, and about midsummer or
later pull out tall weeds that often
appear. Gooseberries and currnnts
aro gone over In the same way. ex
cept that usually there Is not much
dead wood to remove r.nd tot so much
trimming Is necessary. I shorten
some of tho longest growth and thin
old wood where too thick. The cul
tivation Is the same as for raspberries
and blackberries.
The only insect enemy of these
fruits Is the currant wornS, which will
eat all leaves from currants and goose
berries If not prevented. These worms
appear soon after the bushes are In
full leaf. They are- easily killed with
Paris green and water put on with a
fine spray. I use we^k Bordeaux mix
ture and Paris green. If I spray aftor
fruit is half grown I use white helle
bore and water instead of Paris greeo
A Tailor's lllnmler.
At one time In his career Senator
Blackburn, of Kentucky, was rather a
dandy in his way. While so afflicted
he ordered a pair of trousers from hi*
tailor, and be expressly stipulated that
they were to be skin tlglit. The trou
sers came home and the Senator tried
them on. lie went right to the tailor
and opened tire on him. "What In the
namo of? everything unprintable do
you mean by sending me trousers likr
that?" he shouted. "Why, yon said
to make them skin tight," Bald the
tailor. "Skin tight!" yelled the Sena
tor. "Yes, by this and that, I sold skiu
tight. I wanted them merely skin
tight. 1 can sit down In t:y "kin
and I can't in these."? Kansas City
Journal.
Thorverton Church, Devon, Englnnd.
was recently used as a storehouse foi
whisky which had been taken from
the village Inn during a fire.
Th? Cotswold Sheep.
Cotswold sheep have been bred pure
for at least three centuries. The Cots
wold of today is In many ways at vari
ance with the old type and It is sel
dom now that we see a flock of pure
bred Cotswold that cannot lay claim
to the Ideal type of a combined wool
and mutton sheet). True, they are as
large a breed as we have, but did you
ever know of a market on which a
prime Cotswold lamb would not bring
the top figure?
Some very careful experiments have
been made in recent years to test the
different breeds for profitable feeding.
The Cotswojd always Is right at the
top. The nOtr desirable export trade
demands the heavy weights that Cots
wolds make at two and three years.
Cotswold rams have been used by the
largest sheep company in the west
chiefly for the last 15 years. New
stud-breeding flocks are being found
ed ?11 over the country to supply the
demand for Cotswold rams that Is In
creasing with each succeeding year.
As sheep of beauty and high charac
ter In their whole general appearance.
It can be said that no other breed
equals them, and for real sterling qual
ltiea as a wool and mutton producer,
they are more than holding their own
In this country.
Applying Manure.
Farmers will have their own views
and practices how to apply the ma
nure. Circumstances and conditions
will make more or less difference. A
farmer should study the matter care
fully and by experimenting on his
own land try to find the best methods.
Both methods of plowing manure
under and surface applications are
practiced, and each will have its ad
vantages. Coarse, strawy manure
should produce the best results by
plowing under, as It Is difficult Incor
porating It with the surface soCI to
any satisfactory degree by harrowing.
Turned under It wfO be out of the
way of cultivation, decay and furnish
food for the roots of the plants as
they extend downward.
It will also serve to lighten the soil
and furnish vegetable matter which is
of Importance. The writer used to
have an Idea that surface manuring,
at least on his own tend, was alto
gether the best, but later develop
ments rather indicate plowing the
manure under has its advantages, and
Is to be preferred.
Of course, soils, seasons and depth
of plowing will have some influence
or affect fn the matter, and one should
not be so decided In his opinions and
practices that he wilt sot be wining to
make a change when Indications point
to an improvement In so doing.
Then, fn conclusion, do all possible
of the plowing In the tell, do it in the
best manner, and carefully apply all
of the manure a vatf strife hx the manner
calculated to do the most good. ? E.. R.
Towle, in The Massachusetts Pteugh
man.
Crib-Biting and Wind Sucking.
A noted English veterinarian says
that he couples these bad habits to
gether because they often are insepar
able, and says:
"Either may exist without the other,
but one (crib-l>itlng> may lead to and
end In the establishment of the oth
er. Crlb-bltlng Is habit contracted by
Idle horses who start by playing with
the manger ? licking or biting ft. It
may bo copied from the habit of an
other horse, and therefore a crib-biter
in a stable is undesirable, because it
may teach other horses the habit. Just
how and when if arises is a difficult
question to answer. I remember one
case in which the habit was contract
ed .In only a few days. A horse may
"crib" and not windsuck, fn which
state I hold the horse has a vice.
When he wind-sucks. Is ho vicious or
unsound? Mere cribbing does not dim
inish his usefulness. Wind-sucking
may not Interfere with the working ca
pacity of a horse doing regular, con
stant work, but should anything occur
to prevent his working ? as. for in
stance, a lame leg or a sore back ? he
will soon diminish his capacity for
work. Most horses require some rest
ing place for their teeth or Jams be
fore they wind-suck, but a few are
able to do so with no fixed point to
rest against. The evil of wlnd-sucklng.
I assume. Is the distention of the
stomach by swallowed air. This leads
to gastric defect. I do not believe that
the habit has. as a predisposing cause,
a gastric affection, nor do I recognize
any evidence that Indigestion leads
to wind-sucking. I consider It merely
a bad habit ? a vice leading to un
soundness." ? Indiana Farmer.
Profit in Qulness.
One branch of the poultry business
has been very much neglected, and
that is guinea raising.
A flock of gulnean are about the
most profitable that can be kept If
they can have the range of the farm.
The common guinea Is Just as good
as the albino or white variety, but
when cooked the flesh Is not so white.
In the morning when let out of the
poultry house they often stop no long
er than to pick up a llttlo of the grain
given to the flock before they wander
to the Holds In search of weed seeds
and bugs which they llko better than
anything that can bo given them. They
never become tamo like hens. They
will lay In the nests with the hens dur
ing the forepart of the season, but
when ready to set they will steal off
and hldo their n*?t* and hatch their
eggs unless watched. Do net. let them
hatch their own eggs, as they are most
careless mothers and a guinea hen
that will raise two chicks out of 20
hatched will be doing pretty well.
Hatch them under hens and let" the
hens raise them. They will develop a
great affection for their foster moth
er, refusing to be weaned during the
whole season and following her faith
fully whenever she Is out of the poul
try house. When first hatched guinea*
are exceedingly wild and unless con
fined will wander off and perish, leav
ing the nest very frequently and with
in two or three hours after hatching.
Guinea eggs do not sell well on the
market because of the small sice, but'
for house use they are as good as any
and are produced in such abundaiffce
and at such little cost that any one can
afford to keep a flock for the eggs. Be
sides being a cheerful bird, they are
aa good as a watch dog to tell when
strangers are around. They detect a
stranger as soon as he comes near and
set up their shrill cries. They also
serve to frighten off hawks as they
are sure to raise a clamor If one <
comes In sight.? Mrs. Henry Koster
before Dubuque County ^(Iowa) Farm
ers' Institute.
The Busy Bee. '
If your hives are poorly sheltered,
or full of cracks, the heat will pass
out and the bees will have to consume
Just so much more honey for fuel.
If your bees have a good warm hive,
a good queen and plenty of honey,
very little care will be required from
you until next swarming time arrives.
If any hives are gaping in the cor
ners now will be a good time to rensil
them, and put on an additional coat of '
paint.
Do not try to keep your bees warm
by closing up the entrances of the
hives. Make the top as tight and warm
as you please, but allow sufficient bot
tom ventilation.
To protect empty combs from the
moth larvae, place them whero they
will get a good freezing during win
ter. Nearly all empty combs will be f
found to contain moth eggs in au
tumn. If the combs are kept in the
cellar, or other moderately warm
place, these eggs will hatch into lar
vae, and feed npon the honeycomb.
Ixjok out for mice getting into bee
hives during winter. *They play havoc
with the combs.
Remember, It Is Jnst as important
to take proper care of the honey, and,
put It cms the market fn a first class
condition, as It is to use the best and
most economical means of securing it.
One of the essentials of proper care
Is keeping the honey in a very dry and '
warm placer especially is this true of
comb honey, or extracted honey Iks
open cam.
Honey taints very easily, and for
this reason ft is best to nse as tlttfo
smoke as possible when extracting.
After many experiments in melting
honey, I have come to the conclusion
that it cannot be done without impart
Ing to it a waxy flavor.
When hunting wild bees, right a
small fire and burn small pieces of
old comb or beeswax, drawing the
bees in this way. Then take a comb
of honey and let the bee* settle as It,
and place It inside of a box. When your
first bee gets filled, keep your eye on
her. After circling several1 times, each
circle befag larger, she will start en
a straight line from yo?? ? ?ometinrea ?
she wITT start for homo when so far
away that ecie needs good eyes to> see
her.
If the colony Is close- by. there wiTl
soon be ethers following the first bee.
When you can see them leave the
comb and go without circling, then get.
a direct Tine marked by something you,
will remember. CTer simu? of the* bees
Into the box and carry them to snnie
other location where your observa
tion will not be broken by trees, ami
let your bees down on the comb, t
watching them as before, till yon se
cure a straight line from this point.
Now. all you have to ?|o. is to follow
up this liiio until you come to where
the other line crosses. ? F, (?. Herman,
in Tho Farm Journal,
Pinning Off Onion Smart.
"I have been putting up preserves
and pickles for thirty years." said a ,
Brooklyn housewife of tlur old school, ?
"and I discovered the other day that
I am not too old to learn something
new. I went to New Jersey to see my
son's young wife, nn Iowa girl. They
were married last winter. She was
putting up onions ? a decidedly dis
agreeable task. But her eyes cro
not watery. They woro as clear as
the sky. She simply nodded and mut
tered something between closed teeth.
" 'What In the world nrP you keep- 4
Ing that pin between your teeth IV?r?*
I asked.
"She removed it long enough tossy:
'To keen the onions from hurting my
eyes. I'll be through In a minute/
" 'I>o you mean to say that will do
It?' I asked Incredulously.
"She nodded. The pin was in Its
place again. She kept it there for ten
minutes while 1 watched her work,
and her eyes were as dry as a walnut.'/
? New York Press.
The New Agriculture.
Agriculture has always been the
slowest, of human industries, as wel
as the oldest ami most fundamental,
says Country Life in America; and,
although It Is a giant beside which
manufactures Is a pigmy (though ?
most lively and qulck-witton one>, it
has always been a lumbering* an<t?,
sleepy giant. At last, it Is wJOe awako
and has swung into the march of pro
gress at no uncertain gait. Most of
the half a hundred Improvements of *
tho flrnt magnitude during the last
ten years represent millions of dollars
and some of them rtro as significant
and revolutionary as tho invention of
the cotton gin.
? . ?
Right You Are! *
"I want, one stall." said the man who
was not quite himself that evening
very slowly and distinctly. "I regret,
sir," replied the box office manager
with cold severity, "that I cannot let
you have one. You are not sober."
"8ober?" said the man Indignantly.
"Of course, I'm not sober. Why should
I want to see your silly piece if I
was?"? London Globe.