Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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fallows oats after grass, when the lam! i?*y he supposed to be in good condition.*. He first begins by giving it a cross furrtfw, which is taken as deep as the soil will allffw; The field is then completely water-furrowed; the end furrows and gaw-furrows oeing digg'*d with the spade, in which sitnation it is left for the wiattr. The moment that the ground can be worked in the spring he harrows it according to circumstances, ^ but never breaks down too much at once in cas h change of weather .should ensue. The ploughs am then entered, and one drillharrow allotted to every three ploughs. By taking a nine inch furrow, and running the barrow after the third plough, an interval betwixt the rows of 27 inches is left; and such an interval he thinks fully adequate for Admitting horse, hoes of every description. About foureen d?ys after sowing, the ground is harrowed and water-furrowed ; and in this state it remains till the young plants are lairiy .above trie surface, when tne Dutch hoc or scraper is employed, as form, erly mentioned. Tin's is the mode of plan'injr beans hitherto fx rcise I by Mr. Janiieson, hut he has it in cnnt**nipl->tion to change it in an essential branch, which in favorable seasons must undoubtedly he beneficial ? Instead of sowing with the first sprmgfurrow, which, being taken ehb, does li'tle mo1? ihnn rover ih" S'-ed, he mean** ti> give th^ ground a second deep ploughing in a con'rarv Erection ?o the fiist one, afterwards to harrow i', and then to form drills oft he same widened either by n single fur row or a bout of the plough. In the intervals offhese furrows he will run the harrow, after which the drills will be sht out as in the tur? nip husbandry, and he seed covered. At a suitable time afterwards, the harrows will he drawn across, and the ground levelled, preparatory to the cleaning process. It occurred to me, that the time consumed in slitting out the drills may be saved, were the harrow drove across when the beans are sown ; hut Mr. Jameson obviated 'his re mark, hy saying, that a flush of annu ils was to be dreaded in such n case ; whereas, hy delaying the harrowing two or three weeks, the first crop of weeds would in a great measure be thereby destroyed. The only objection which remains to the plan is, that in soni seasons seed..work may b? so long delayed as to prove injurious to the crop. In every o her respect the proposed change must he attended with important advantages. We have had a few changes of servants at this term, with those not reckoned the best hands, or with whom Mr. Jamicson was dissatisfied. Indeed, it would appear that he possesses such happy knack of m maging his people with judgm nt and de.\. ferity, and nt the same time p"j s them so handsomely, that servants worth the keeping rarely leave him. It is a mark of a good farmer, to regulate his different operations according to the nature of the soil in his possession; and in like manner, a man of prudence and sagacity will at all times govern and direct those below him, according fo their different temp- rs and capacities. June 3. The portion of the land intended for yellow turnips is now seeded; and the several processes were precisely similar to those already descri ed when :he ruta baga was sown, only that a smaller quantity of dung was given. Elliot informs me, that ibis variety has been cultivated hero lor rwo yoars past, atid that it stands the frost nearly as well as rutu baga. fie ndJed, that it is not so shy of growing, and may bo obtained on sods whero the odier would not live. About five acres of horse potatoes, or yams, were also planted, chiefly lor swine foo I, or ua a supply to the cnttie when turnips are wanting. This may sometimes happen in a siormy day ; and Mi. Jom e son takes care to be provided at all hands, so as his bosti il may not suffer. At Mr. Jamu'son's desire I accompanied Elliot a few days ago through the bean fielJs. They have all been once run over with the Dutch hoe, and now the small turnip ploughs are employed to lay away the earth from the sides of the plants, and to form a fresh ridge in the centre of ti?<> interval, which will afterwards he separated and divided by a second applicaiion of the Dutch hoe. The whole formed a pleasant sight, being in superior order to the most of garden culture. The oat-fi Ids are looking well; indeed every thing on the farm has a most thriving appearance. Last week llv horses were put upon green food, and two foeds of oat9 per day, which I learn is the practice here, till the turnip sowing is over, when they are limited to one feed. Oue of my men is employed to cut the grass, and another ties it up in bunches of28 lbs avoidupois weight, four of which are given to each horse p^r day. Twenty cattle th at got ru:n b?ga in'April and May, are nlso carried ort with clover veu them at the stake, and they seem to he thriving well. It takes a man and two horses to bring home the gr is*. us the field is about half a mile froin the homestead. The feeding of the cutyflpis in Howard's department ; but the charge of superintending the cutting aud tying the grass is with me. 1 oi:en take tlm scythe hy way of amusement, though it is rathbr heavy work for one of my age. Mi\ Jamieson is very pointed in having the grass cut equally nod closo by the ground, and saj's, the lower it is cut at this time, so much the (aster and stronger will ike second crop grow afterwards. June 10. All hands are employed about the turnip seed work, and what with ploughs, harrows, rollers, drills und carts, and the tillers and spreaders of dung, a jovial num. | her is upon the (Hd ; but I must describe things in order, otherwise you will not com prehend thenaarc otour operations suffiTbe extent of the field remaintngfor Common turnip is seventy-five acres or thereby, c It had been ploughed four tinv>s over, and T\ ufiereach Ainow immediately harrowed and rolled, so as moisture might bo retained.? Some parts which were rather rough and cloddy, required a r petition of these operant tloos ; and this was performed bv four harliirsaDd one roller, drawn bv two horses. :9l\ This left thirty-eight how* for ploughing, , carting and sowing ; an J these were arA ^ 7 ranged ip the following or h'r. First, Eight ploughs and sixteen horses, for forming and reversing the drills, so as the dung might be covered. 2nd, Six carls and twelve horses to drive out the dung, which was middenod as carried out in winter, adjoining to the field. 3d, Two drills, each drawn by one horse, and sowing two rows at a time. This was the nearest division of the strength could be made, nn l hitherto matters have groceedod with regularity Elliot looks alter the ploughs and drills; Pairoairn fhe spreaders; and the loading of tho carls is under my superintendence. It is a principal object with Mr. J.unieson to have the drill formed, dunged, slit out I and sown, as rapidly as possible, so asrnoisi ture, the soul of vegetation, may bepruser. j ved, upon winch he says every thing dej peuds ; of course, theso opera'ions follow | each other in the quickest manner. How ! *oon that five drills w? re formed, which was done by a bout of a plough to each, the cars entcied ; and tiie dung being laid in small heaps, w is instantly separated by ten spreaders who were divided into two gangs j under the immediate direction of Fairbairn. ^ - ^ 4?Kun a *t tt\ iVtirlc t rour ui m?3 piwu^u> n.v-., ... I tnspli Img out the drilis. and were followed | bv tlio seed-bnrrows, while the other IHur I ploughs proce< (l?'d in forming or making up fresh drills. The ear's railier pressed upon the ploughs.?though by going at a long step, no obs ruction occurred. Indeed, Mr. Jaruioson had, with his usual attention, selected tiic strongest horses and most active ploughmen for this department of the work. Tiie carts were also divided into J two heads, each having two of my squad to fill; the remainder were lent to Fairbaim, who had his crops of spread' rs made up with some of Howard's pen pi.*; a sieudv man was appointed for drawing out the dung to each head of carts, which Mr. Jamieson considers to be necessary, if you wish the land equally dunged. Altogetner, there were iu the field 35 men, besi les Elliot, Fairb jirn, and mo, I might have included Mr. Jamieson, who did not lave us for an instant, but rode about tie.- tleld from the beginning of each yoking to its conclusion, except when at breakfast. Elliot thinks that seven acres were finished this day and as the carts look 112 lou Is, wttich was 17 to each cart, or 14 to the acre, I apprehend he is not far out in h;s calculation. June 24. Turnip seed is now over, having from first to last been favored with excellent walher. The first sown drills hough the wca her has been dry, fairly above ground,?entirely owing, as Mr. Jamieson declares, to thu sedulous attention bestowed on securing the moans of vegetation. As the sever.d operations went on from first to lust in an uniform trvn. 1 hope the whole will be equally succes fui, as th? different departments of the work were nice, ly balanced. The seed used is all the globe kind, raised on the farm, as Mr. Jamieson Bays he will never trust a soedsmnn for a supply, unless impelled by the most urgent necessity. The ru'a baga and yellow turnip were likewise of his own produce ; and with what he saved of these seeds many of his neighbors have also boon supplied. Fairbaim, with n large detachment of wo. men and boys, is a; this time going through the bean fi< Ids, puling out every weed from the drills to which tire plough had not iic. cess. The tuta baga is thinned and set out, and the y How turnip follows. Fair bairn has about fifty hands, young and old, un. der him ; and it is wonderful to see with what adroitness many of the boys pull attrf shoot the hoe. and how dexterously tli y s<'t out the young plan s. T?i? hay h irvest is also commenced ; and she of my fellows are cutting away this day, and will continue, if the wea'her proves dry, till forty acres are laid on their b-tok. Mr. Jama-son has enjoined me, in the most positive manner, not to allow a scythe to be drawn when the grass is wet, alleging thai such a st?'p would prove injurious to the quality of the hay. In th" event of wetness, he has directed me Jo make the cutlers turn an earth midden at the end of the grass field, to which lime shells were lately driven, so I cannot be at any loss, however the weather should turn out. Elliot is giving the summer fallow break a third furrow, and driving time shells to it. fie first harrows the land, after being gnih. ered up, ond draws out the lime in heaps of a barley firiot, or a bushel and a half each. The ridgt s being 18 fi.et in breadth, have cross furrows diuwn at the like distance, which makes them appear like a dainboard ; nn<l a hi?i?n i* drawn out in o each sn'inre, any mistake in the application inust l>e v<*ry trifling. Six carts ure now employed at the lime, eight ploughs are ridging tip the land, and eight horses at the beans, which are now receiving their last furrows: and, when finished, the corse hoes goes to the ruta huge and turnips. A cart continues to drive grass constantly ; but the horses therein employed are a couple of odd ones, 'uotin* eluded in the rego.ar strength. Notwith.. standing the immense number of hands em . ployed, I assure yuii that there is work at this time for more, if they could be procured; | but this being the busy season with every I farmer, a temporary supp y is not to be ob. tuined. July 8. The bay field is all cut, at least that part originally intended for dry fo d, though Mr. Jamii son sujs that probably a few acres more may be used in the same way, if not needed for the horses and qpttle at the stake. This however will not be determined on till the end oi*the month, by which lime the tare field will be ready for cutting Fairbairn had the charge ot winning and cocking the hay. As the weather proved good, the process were not difficult. It lay one day untouched after being cut; then was turned over ; and in the afternoon of the same day, put up in small hand-cocks, four or five of which were afterwards, put into a fork rick ; and in this state the hay remains till fit for the stack-yard. The turnip field is at hand; so Fuirbairn's squad wrought there in the mornings and at spare times, and was ready for hay work when called for. My men, not at the turnip I a ploughs and grass ou ting, are attached to It him so tongas hay harvest lasts ; and, of c course, I am also under his direciion. ii The fallow break is now wholly ridged k up, and about one third of it limed. I un- tl s and that one half < f the break \va? limed ( at last failow time; so the part that remains v will soon Ik* finished. The lime is to bo ? spread the moment the hay is ricked, which n is to he done by my people, not otherwise 11 engaged, and some of Howard's mm; of d course, the superintendence will fall upon ti me, Mr. Jarnieson says that he means to plough the lime into the ground wi.'h a shallow furrow, then to harrow and lay on the '! dung, and to conclude the process with a 1 seed?furrow about the beginning of autumn. 1 It gives me pleasure to add, that Mr. Jamie son sunt lor me last night after working hours, and inquired concerning your wel- J fire. After somo other conversation, ho ' kindly sai I, 'George when you write inv gooJ old friend your father, tell him that I ' am well satisfied with your behaviour since ' you came under my management, Hnd ilia' I will do every thing in my power to serve vou. Bo assured, however, that success, in { - > d.iruinda linnfl VnilhU'll It I . fl gH'Ul lIU UHUKi, U' jr-H-.a / . , you remain steady, diligent and industrious, there need he small fears entertained ; but 1 should sloh, carelessness irregularity .* I rove misirr, the issue may easily be fore. * told. You Imv? hitln rto shown an anxious j *Ji sposi ion 'o l?*arn, and given prools of your activity, Persevere ihen in those honest end-MVors, avoiding idleness as the parent of , vice, and vice as the source whence every human misery flows.' (To be Continued.) IMPORTANT FACTS IN REGARD TO KF.FPINO APPLES SOUND FOR A LONG TIME. The following is an xtract letter from Win. C irmichael, of Queen Ann's Co. E. S., Md., dated June 2 I, 1839, I had this day on my table the first straw-, berries fiorn my garden, an ! at the same time, n dish of fine sound Newton pippins from my orchard. They wero not kept for the occasion ; they have been used in profuston, in my family, since the first of January, and presents made of theni to some es'eemnd Or ends. Th<? apples were preserved by being dried in the sun for two orihree days when first gathered, and put away in dry sand so as not to each o her. To have fruit throughout the year is desirable?it is a cheap luxury, and I think conducive to health. I have hither paid some attention to storing my appph's, but have not before suecei'ded in preserving pippins nil the ripening of the summer fruits. The sand ought to be perfectly dry, and clear of clay, which would give them an earilily taste. I do not claim as an original discovery the means of preserving apples. P.ickmg them in sand is common in this part of the country. The drying tlcm I took fiom ( the New York Cultivator. I am satisfied that the combina ion is preferable to either of the means separately used. This is a < small rn .Iter, but being within the s?ope of < agricultural economy, I huve supposed you | would give it a place in the Register. j DEEP PLANTING. 1 A patron of ours intormed us a few weeks 1 since, that while tak'ng his todder, he (lis covered a gr'-at difference in appearance 1 be:vvaen two pieces of corn, which were ~l-w>t..,t il?, ?nmn timo. and in the sama |/IUIH U U k ' IIV kind of soil. The fodder on one pieco of ground drh-d up so Hist that ho could scarce. ly get through with stripping it before it was ent irely burnt up, to use the cpflimpn pnr;i??? '** uiiior-pi. l!tS Tie "TouTuTTt green to li?e ground, and in good 1 plight for stripping. He was struck with :ho difference in ho two lots of corn, und on reflection, recollected that on getting ready to plant his corn in lli? spring, he ran a furrmv with a large shovel or bnrshare ' plough, after which he followed wiih a ! sin dl plough called a bull tongue, running it pretty deep in the same furrow, till Ingot perhaps half over the piece, when he ' concluded to plsnt the balance in the single j furrow, and discontinue the use of' he bull, tongue. The result was, that the part plan- 1 ted d?-ep in the opening made by the small 1 plough, where the larger one had previously been run produced a third more fodder, and 1 of a belter quality than that planted in the j( shallow furrow made by tho large plough j alon?-; besides the great difference iberei nnis: b?- in the weight of the corn, the latter ' drying up too fist of course :o make a prop- ' er article for bread. This should be remcrn 1 I...a...I U.. r..m. M Orwl ,l>a uuil r\f tih lllnW UCiru uy It1iaifil9? Uiiu iiiu v?n wi ? ? ? . planting avoided, especially since all seem j to think the seasons are becoming shorter, and much dry or than formerly. Southern Cultivator. It is not impossible that tho d*p'h ought depend upon the k nd of soil. Ed. Gaz. SILK CCLTUUE. SILK. i Those in this country who feared that after nil the attention that had been given to the mulberry, little or no silk would be < made ; and that after the trade in the trees 1 had exhausted itself, little more would be heard of the matter, are we think destined I to be agreeably dissappointed. From all ! parts of the country information is reaching t us of the feeding of worms in numbers of I from 5.000 to 500,000 or a mi.Jion; and I it has proved unattended with any difficulty or trouble, save the mere picking of the I leaves. So far as we have heard, there has < been no failure among the worms from ilis. < ease, und everything indicate that grow- r ing silk will become as regular a branch of < domestic industry, as growiug cotton at i the south, or wheat at the north. The | quantity of raw silk for sale this year, will be t considerable, and vastly increased another. I If it cun be manufactured in this country < (and no one can reasonably doubi this) as I easily aud as certainly as the raw material t can bo produced, we shall soon find the silk I balance of IS or 20 millions against us, f rapidly melting away. One of the most r encouraging things in the growing of silk, ? is, that by the introduction of the muiticuulid, i nd the consequent ease with which the iHves can be gathered, the whole process ??n be conducted by women and children (l the bosom of the family, and without any crious interruption ofoth? r pursuits. From Ire experiments of Mr. Clapp of Hartford, I Connecticut, it appenrsthut 100,000 worms /ill consume daily 50 lbs. ofleaves. The [real associations do not appear to bo doing nuoh ; the business of producing tho raw iiiiterial, seems to succeed b<tst wilb indivu Ijiils. fc5ut:t?, we have little doubt willconinue to bo the fact. Gonuesee Farmer. Another.?A gentleman of this city sold ast week twenty five hundred Morus Mul. tcaulis trees for one thousand dollars, sixy days' crodit, undoubted paper. Providence Journal. [The trees or plan s in the North, of this ear's growth, from buds, average not more han thr-e feet in height; so that the price riven for the above mentioned trees was learly equal to a dollar a piece for the best rues in this part of the country. Nat. Intel.] And equal to three d liars a piece for hp host trees in this pari of the country.? ?or here the best troe9 frorn last spring's rut ings fK>rd from 20 to 30 feet of mature vood ; from 5 ?o 10 feet of which ore vorth at loust 50 per cent more for plpnt_ ng than the wood of northern trees. Cher aw Gaz. 1'he following article will he interesting only to our professional readers. Those of this class who have not already seen it, will, we doubt not, thank us for copying it. We once saw a lad with a dislocation of the radius forward, in which a physician after a long and painful effort at reduction?painful to both h mself and patient?finally gave up in despair. Some time after all ir.fl.tinotton and pain in the part had subsided, tho motion of the inn so far changed tha position of the head of the radius, as tc allow considerable freedom of motion to the forearm, and enable the patient to carry hi; hand to the mouth ; thus, in some measure, lessening tho in convenience and awkard de< funnily. - The case was still, however, on ugly one to both physician and patient. Had the physician seen Dr. North's paper, ho might have been spared the mortification which the case must have caused. Dr. North, the au. thor of tho article before us, is a scientific and highly respectable physician of New London, ^Conn.) who in the course of a long profo* siend life, has given to the public original and valuablo views on several srbjacts connected with his profession* some of which he one* row from tho Royal Medical Society of Lon. dun, a spontaneous express on of approbation nnd thanks. Remarks on the Dislocation of the Head oj the Radius orwards. By Eli>h^ North. M. D. Communicated for the New England Journal ol Medicine and Surgery. That Sir Asily Cooper ot London should snv, when treating of dislocations of the elbow joint, that ho had seen only six examples of the dislocation of the head ol tin radius forwards, sruck my mind with astonishment. Equal surprise was also exciled, when he says this luxation appears to be a difficult one to reduce ; and that in the two first cases of the kind all attempts a reduction were unsuccessful. But this surprise was somewhat lessened, when he immediately afterwards informs us, that the i__. w!io t-lrtru'd nnnn h snfii. and ilSi | #i 11 ir(ii noa f'tv- ? ?| ? , i he arm was put ovr back of if, and ex. tension was made from the hand, wi houl im luU>u^ >i?i w>ni-<Au< iiMm itrnw ft be the most W:tly mode of succeeding. From this I discovered that Sir Asilej was so unfortunate us not to know, with u! his great knowledge and experience, how to remedy this evil. See New England Jouruitl of Medicine mid Surgery, third series, Vol. II. p. 426. The signs, oi marks, which Sir Asdy has given, by which this luxation may be known, are good ones, as detailed in the Journal, for I have not yet seen tin* original work It might have been proper to have mentioned, that a sudi n ex en ion ar.d pronation of the forearm, is commonly the cause of this accident. And that tins is done t?y a foreign force, applied when the mind of the pat ent is not operating upon the muscles of the nrm. In the numerous cases which I have seen, much more numerous than those given by Sir Astley Cooper, the luxation has b'*en produced by a sudden jetk, given the arm by another person. And this is the reason why tiiis injury >s more commonly found among children. For these, as is well known, ore often pulled by ono arm, and sometimes carelessly, by those who have tile care of them. I have been induced to ro-peruse .Memoir 10th, of Dr. Caldwell's Translation of De. sault on Frac ures and Luxations. From this memoir, it apjvars that even that cdebrated French surgeon was more unfortunate than Sir Asiley Cooper. For he has not even given tho signs, by which it may bo known, when the luxation of the radius over the ulna lias taken place. And even doubts tho accuracy of Duverny and other French surgeons, who report such cases to have happened. He attempts to show, from anatomical considerations, that such an iccidcnt, from violence, must be extremely rare, if it ever occurs. 1: seems also, ,hat wlien Desuult found this kind of luxiion in children complicated with a svveL ng of the joints, he considered it a kind of 'hromc affection, and that sometimes it ;ould not be reduced by the expedients of irr. He lias also neglected, or rather avoided, informing us what those expedients of in were. Now, judging from my own exHirience in similar cases* 1 believe that if he Doctor had known how to replace the jone in such cases, the swelling would have lisnppenred, and that too in a short time, once had n young girl, to vthom another turgi.'on had been called, and who had, as ie said, reduced the shoulder joint. But I bund, uj>on examination, the docioi hud nade a sad mistake. For it was the elbow ind not the shoulder, that had received the njury. The eibow was very much swcl ???*mm?m??? led, for the radius hud been luxated for sev- i eral days. Tit ere was 'no difficulty in < replacing the bone in this case, and the 1 swelling, of course, disappeared in a few < days. I The mode to be tnken to reduce this i bone is os follows : The upj^r arm is to be held firm by an assistant. The surgeon tak ?s hold of the fore-arm of the patient j near the wrist, with one hand, and with the other he grasps the same arm just below ' the elbow, moving his fingers upon the head of the radius. He then applies sufficient extension and supination to the fore-arm, and the moment this is done, he with a sudden and quick movement, preventing the arm from pronatmg, carries the wrist and hand of the patient to the patient's shoulder. at the same time pressing his[ fingers upon the head of the rudius. In this way, 1 hove never failed during a practice of more than thirty years, of reducing this bone ; and that too at the first attempt. I have had children brought to me several miles, who could not use their arms at all; but upon the bone being replaced, would, in a few minutes, make use of them. I hnve generally thought it prudent however, to put their arms in a sling, and sometimes to apply a bandage. New London, Conn. 1824. AMPUTATIOI) AT THE SHOULDER JOINT. On Monday the 2d inst. Dr. Walker, of Charlestown, amputated at the shoulder io.nton a lad at Lynn, under the following very peculiar circumstances. On the 19th of August, A. E. Blood, aged 13 years, was kicked on the shoulder by a horse, while his hand was on his head. The axil, la filled immediately. A physician was sent for, who finding the par s much swollen, but no evidence of anything but a contusion, prescribed the remedies usual in such cases. Eight days from the accident there whs a profusion in the axilln, like a pullet's pg:r, of a bluish color. By the ndvice of Professor G , of New York University. on the fourteenth day. an incision was made ' through the integmenls just over ill inferior edge of the pec:ora!is major. No bl? eJing or ma'ter flowed from the incision ; there was a little bloody serum. The operator not caring to look deeper for mailer, merely dress? d the wound lightly. The next day aterial hemorrhage occurred from his wound This was arrested by a compress and bun Iage, but not so but (hat it (ollowed again the next day and the day after. It was this juncture that Dr. Walker was sent for. He f .-'Und tin* lad pallid from loss of blood, having los', as was estimated by the physician, full two quarts. Ttie purs about the shoulder were very much swollen ; there was no pulsation at the wrist or in the axilla. On examination, pulsation was perceived in tumor. The urm was of nearly natural color and tcmperaiure wi h some appearance of commencing oedema. Dr. Walker stated to tho friends the na. ture of the case, for the cure of which he recommended one or two operations ; ei tlie; ttte lying of ?lw lavian, of ampu a if.>n at ttic shoulder joint. lie slated the dillicu ties and dangers of both operations? the comparative safety of the latter, and inevitable fital result of the former, if, in cutting down fur the artery, he should cut into the aneurismul cavity, and should be unable to find readily auJ secure tlie mouth of the bleeding artery. On a view of all the circumstances of the ens*, the friends desired Dr. Walker to amputate, which he proceeded to do, the subclavian, lining com, pressed, as it passes out of th? chest by nn assistant. The arcri'*s were secured by t mm ?!< > m rtmU w loss of blood. On removing the eongula, about 16 ounces, after the nmpu arion, and looking for the mouth of the artery from which tho bleeding came, the subclavian was found completely severed frtnsvcrseU as it passes under the clavicle, the seperated ends of which were an inch and a half apart?so that had an at:empt been made to move the subclavian, the lad couM hardly have escaped with his life. In what way was the wound of the artery produced ? There was no external wound,""und .he artery was cut short off ns elean as though it had been done with a knife. The lad is now, Sept. 9ih, doing well. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. FAITHFUL PORTRAIT PAINTING. We coj>y the following extract from tlir Speech of Mr. Legare in the Conservative Convention at Syracus", from tho Albany Evening Journal, an<i a truer picture has not been drawn. Most skillfully and justly has the eloquent C.rolmian lined every feature?most accurately exhibited every movement, and caught every grace of your brawling, bawling 44 patriot," who mouths among his fellows about tiie 44 purse-proud aristocrat," und inveighs aguinst the rich man as absolutely a criminal for not having been as lazy and as worthless, and consequently as poor, as themselves. Your r?-g. ular demagogue never urges his followers to emulate the example that fins raised their wealthier neighbor above them, but holds bim and the fruits of bis industry up to scorn t.<.;n? and to envy* n mciu u? a i>uu.<m? more disgusting, more loathsome than all others, it is the noisy demagogue who makes it his business to preach jacobin p??li. j tics, and to uns' ttie the social f-elnigs by which the framework of society is supposed and k' pt compact. But to the extrac'. [N. Y. Gazette. 41 Some of these demagogues set up for exclusive friends of the poor man ; and what did they do to promote his welfare ? Did they teach him to trust in Providence ? o conciliate the sympathy and esteem of his fellow?men, or to put his own shoulder to the wheel ? Did they dwell, for his encouragement, upon the unspeakable blessings with which he was surrounded in this country?emphatically the country of the poor man ? Did they point to the glorious results with which it was.covered ail over ?of industry stimulated by poverty, and relying under Heaven only on an honest heart und a good right arm ? Did they tell him that this mighty Slate of whose beauty aad grandeur he (Mr. Legare) had, " J until a few da) s past, but a very inadequate* conception, was one vast monument cf what poverty and labor, with good morals, could uchieve in a few generations ? Did they speak to him of the Astors and Gir? ards, who, beginning in a condition os hum j ble as his, had risen to be more than the princes of the earth ? No! no ! The language they held to hinr. was in a far different strain?it was the language which 4 the tempter, ere the destroyer, of mankind' address-d to his victims?the language of pride, envy, and despite and despair. They did indeed unlock to him the strong boxes of the rich, but not with a view to awaken in him the generous and comfortable emulation which their example was so well filteJ to inspire. They did speak to him of the As? tors and Girards?but they did not tell him that these colossal fortunes (were the natural fruit and the appropriate reward of long years of patient, indefatigable industry, of sagacious enterprise, of sober self-denial, of nights of watching and of arrxious days of perseverance amid discouragement, of * courage and constancy under misfortune and difficulty?they did not tell him this, ? and then say, * go and do thou likewise, for thou canst.' They taught him to sit down, * fold his arms in repinmng. queru oils listlesness, and indolence?to Imte all business but politics, and to look upon the Commonweal, h as his spoil?to revolt against his destiny without making one effort to bolter his condition?to blaspheme the Ghd who had cast his let in this most blessed of all lands to curse his brother, whoso crime wus that he had set him an example of sue cessful industry?to find fault, and virtually to rebel against the institutions of his country, which had protected him in every right, and off ?red him inducements to the exercise of every talent and capaci y. Instead of putting in o his hands the plough or the spade, the axe or the plane, instead of pointing him to the ship or the counting house, they armed him with the to;ch of the incendiury, and if not with the dagger of tho assassin, yet with the far more unsparing sword of revolutionary vengeance; and, when they had 'bus completely corrupted and debauched him, perverted his understanding with the sophistry of hell, filled his heart wiih the gall of bitterness, darkened and perplexed all li is views of his own condition and the condition of society; when they had driven him to phrenzy and desperation, nnd made him fit only for the cell of tho manioc or the felon, they capped the climax of tbeiroflenoes against society hy a sttll greater crime?by that mcxp:ablo crime of which tho Jacobins of France had been said to be guility?the crime of rendering liberty itself odious. They blnsphemad and prostituted the very name?the sacred name?on popular government, nnd they called tie desperado, the dupe and the vietim of their wickedness?4 a Democrat ?"' a new idea in steam machinesv. Mr. flcnjnmin Harris, of this borough, has conceived a plan by which sail vessels of every description may iki wofHh-d with the nid of steam, on paddles operating vertically in the bottom of the vessel, above the keel, connected, with the machinery above bv n perpendicular shaft working in a met 'I cylinder, so constructed as to exclude the wa'er. The alterations necessary to adapt a ship to this will not, it is said, diminish her strength, or render her less manageable, independent of her engine. In tl?e larger class of ships, the bode s, engine, and all the machinery may be stowed away below the water lime, which renders the invention of incalculable value for men-of-war, the Hprinciple of motion in the ship being secure rcirri casualty in time of action. The sails "gingt yards and masts may be shot oway arid yet the ship enn change her positions with the same celerity, as if nothing had happened, Mr. Harris has tested the experiment on a skiff 14 fret long and 3 wide, which propelled with the hand, by means of a crsnk turning a paddle-wheel 2\ feet in diameter, makes at (he rate of five miles an hour. The opi. ion of those who understand such matters, is thai it is a decided improvement, and must succeed. Mr. H. we understand, in'en Js to npply for a paienr. Ves. sels navigating coastwise mignt use this intention to advantages, but its great utility is designed for men-of-war and vessels nav. igating the high seas. Norfolk Hernld. From the Buffalo Com. Adv. of 22d inst. ] A homicide of a rather singular character was perpetrated last Tliurariay near Syracuse. A Dedler, bending under the weight I ? - w w of his pack, encountered on one ofthe byeroads of ttiat region a foot pad who demanded his money. The p<*d!er handed out his pocket book. " Is this all ?" asked fho robDer," ** No," said the pedler. 4* Well I hen, fork up and be quick V1 The pedlcr put his hand in his bo-om drew out a pistol and shot the robber through the heart. The body was recognized as that of a convict just discharged from the Auborn prison. Dr. Peck, of Washington, Ky. died in a fit of mental excitement, during the great race over the Oakland course at Louisville between Wagner and Eagle. It is said that he had $10,000 bet. It appears from a statement in the Commercial List, that during the year ending the 30,h September las', there acre exporI firnm Philadelphia 161,629 barrels Flour, valued at $1/214,329. Of this nmount, 46,090 bbls, went to England, 33,000 to the British American Provinces, and the balance to various other ports. HEAVY SENTENCE. A man named John Nelson, alias John Nelson Malloy, was, on Wednesday, sentenced in the C'ty Court to seven years' imprisonment in the Penitentiary for perjury. The perjury consisted in swearing to his being worth $1,000, in order that he might go bail for n counterfeiter who was in jail, and who, by this means, was suffered to escape. Will the grand jury suffer the perjury committed by Hack, who voted twice, io pass unheeded ? He too should have his seven years.?Bait. Chron.