Cheraw gazette and Pee Dee farmer. [volume] (Cheraw S.C.) 1838-1839, January 09, 1839, Image 1
CHERAW GAZETTE
a N n * :
PEE DEE FARMER.
M. MacLenn, Editor and Proprietor. CHERAW S. C. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1839. Vol. IV. No. 8.
-
T3F.MS.
If paid within three months, If
paid within three months after the close
of the year, - -- -- -- - 3. 50 |
If paid within twelve months after the
close of the year, 4 Oft1
If cot paid within that, time, . ... 5 00 '
A company often persons taking the paper at
the same Post Office, shall he entitled to it at ?2.? j
providod the names be forwarded together, and !
acompanied by the money.
No paper to be discontinued but at lie option ;
oftho Editor till arrearages aro paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, j
inscr'od for one dollar tho first time, and i
fifty cents, each subsequent insertion
Persons sending in advertisements arc re-quest, j
ed to specify the number of times they arc to be |
iuso?ted; otherwiso they will be continued till '
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
CrTho Postage must be paid on all comma
nications
__M_ !
j
Notice. j
Iwill sell to the highest bidder on Saturday 1
tho 12th instant at my plantation seven m les
abovo Chcraiv. Five thousand bushels of corn, j
five thousand pounds of fodder and four stable
beaves. Terms made known on day of sale.
J. G. McLKNDOX. j
Januarv 1, 183S.
jL j
Merchants' Bank of 8. C.
Cher aw, 37 th December, 1838.
TIIE Directors of the Bank having declared | '
a divider! of six dotlanrd per share on] the . 1
Capital stock lor the last six months, the sanio !
will be paid to tho stockholders on and "/tor 3d |
January next. I ,
W. GODFREY, Cash.-. !'
7 tf ,J
Notice. i
mjISS M. PRITCHARD will open a school ; |
IJ*!? fif Innnnrr. PrlPOTi'c . I
XVJHL UU i?iu:iua^ " - j - i
wishing to son l thoir children may know the ,
terms b}'applying at the residence of Mr. Pritclj.
ard, on Church Street . 1 1
A Card. """!!
T.
HE undersigned have this day formed a 1
copartnership in. trade and will carry on a (
general ^mercantile business' under the firm of
Brown Bryan & Brother. Their business will *
be confined strictly to cash or barter iransac- ' I
tions; they arc determined not to keep running : I
accounts. i ,
They open store on the first ntonday in Janu- ' \
ary next with a good slock of goods embracing i
nearly every article wanted for llio country or . 1
town trade, thov will sell cheap. ; \
13 ROW X BR VAX, J(
T. A. BRYAN.
Choraw, Jan. 2,1838. j %
B. Bryan and Brother will attend to the sot tic. j*
mcnt of all accounts for and against B. Bryan i
and all indebted arc requested to come forward j '
aud pay beforo return day for the several adjoin. I v
ing Districts and covnties. j j
I3.BRYAN. -t
7 It 11
44 'cj hMoetinn
OHL'l X 1 O 1.J1 Wiivili
An election will teko place for Sheriff of
Chcstarliold District on tlio second mondav and j r
day following in January next. The election j I
will be conducted by the same managers in the I i
same manner and at the same places as election <
for members of the Legislature. The managers
will meet on Ihursday after at thoC. II. count >
the votes and declaro the election. 1
A. PLUE, ) Managers \
M. McCASKILL. J at (
A. J. MOSES. ) Cher aw. j s
December 24th, 1339. j t
L i? |t
Notice. ' m
ALL persons indebted to the subscriber are j 1
requested to make immediate payment.
Boots and Shoes will continue to ho made of |
*',np" IratJ.rr that ran bo nroeurcd /
IUU IA/Ot> 4VVI?>MV?M *?? ? . (
by experienced workmen and sold for cash.? j
Persons who may make accounts will consider ; I
them payable and duo on sight. I
DANIEL JOHNSON. |
Chcraw, Jan. 1, 1839. ,
7 11
Notice. j
Mr. Prince wishes to hire out for the present
year throe negro servants, viz; one tellow 1
and two wenches; all of whom are young and [
perfectly healthy. A place in tho country will
bo prcfereJ. Inquire of
J. A. 1NGLIS.
Jan. 1, 1839. 1
7 2t I
AGRICULTURAL. !
From the Farmer's Register. j!
Scraps of information with regard to the cul. 1
ture of the Chinese Mulberry, I
In the present unparalelled and general 1
excitement in regard to the speculations in i
purchasing, and intended cultures of the
morus multicaulis, no apology need be of.
fered to our readers for giving to that, and 1
to kindred subjects, so much space in this
publication. Indeed, whether viewed as a
valuable future improvement in the agriculture
and industry of this country, or as a
subject of national mania, tho one is or intense
interest to almost all who read agrL
<*?il?iirnl nnWirjitions. and to even most ner
r~w ? *
sons who read nothing. Almost every one
of our subscribers, stimulated by some one
or other motive, will desire to cultivate at
least a few plants; and all are but slightly
informed on the subject. Therefore, in ad.
ding to the valuable general directions for
the culture given by G. B. Smith, Esq., in
the last No. we shall add here some interest,
ing extracts from several private letters
from T. S. Pleasants, an extensive cuhivn.
tor ofaome experience, and whose general
intelligence, and correctness of observation,
deserve the fuHest confidence. These
were designed only for our own perusal
and use; but considering the suggestions
as interesting, and likely to be useful to
many others, we have asked and obtained
permission to share the benefit of our readere.
To these extracts will bo added other
scraps of information received from various
sources, and principally from the Rev. Sid*
ney Weller, of Halifax county, N. C.
It is gratifying that the favours of fortune,! f
in tiiis sudden surprising mulberry madness,: '
have fallen in some cases upon most worthy j a
receivers; and there are none in whose! t
successful and profitable cultivation we are ! I
more gratified than in the cases of the indi- p
viduals named above. In general these t
unexpected visitations of good fortune have k
fallen upon a class of cultivators, who s
usually work more for the public benefit c
than theirjown, and whose improvements, or 1:
schemes, .subject them to ridicule, and often tl
to loss. These are the book farmers and tl
experiment-makers?and especially Lhcregu- j a
Jar and devoted readers of the Farmers j I
Register, or other agricultural periodicals j c
To this last fact wo desire particularly .to I tl
call attention ; and would be much benefit-j 'I
led if it could be presented fully to the view j a
of all who have made nothing from this go!- i s
den harvest, simply because they had read ' a
nothing concerning the cultivation which j e
has produced it. j e
We shall take the liberty of speaking e
more fully of Mr. Wcller's case, because it s
is one of peculiar interest. He settled s
himself on a piece of miserable poor land, It
and with very little prospect, as his neigh- p
hours thought, to make a bear subsistence ! tt
from ifs products. lie has devoted himself; tl
principally to vino and multicaulis culture, p
Some notices of his useful services to ngri- : c
culture, in the former department, have been tc
heretofore given in this publication. Of; a
the latter, the principal circumstances are j
as follows. Five or six years ago, being 1 a
then, and long before, a regular reader of! n
the American Farmer, lie was induced by ! si
its recommendations (all of which we owe '
to i s former Editor, Gideon Ik Smith,) fo 1
begin the cuhiv.ition of the multicaulis. fie j ir
bought of J. J- Hitchcock, of Baltimore, a j re
ilnnf, oi about a foot in height, for which I ni
;ic paid a dollar, and 25 cents more for get. 1 T
ing it to iiis residence. From this small ( oi
beginning, all his stock, and many other, ' N
io\v large stocks, bought from him, have I fc
*fo\vp. Mr. WcIlcrVs sale of plants, beforo ! nt
his season of speculation and high prices lit
tad commenced, amounted to about 82000, i jn
md, this fall to 88000 more, though made at bt
icon's the foot, and before the rise to half; gi
he present current prices; besides reser-; at
. ing enough stock to double or treble his n<
:rop next year. ! in
Let it not bo supposed from these or hi
my other statements of enormous profits at
rom raising muhicaulis plants, that we de- i hi
ign to have it inferred as our opinion, that; Si
ree.xpect them to continue. The greater w
>nrt of the present prices of muhicaulis is su
it/lnnK'n'Div n KnViKlrt KlntUn nn moon ll * />r
liltlljuV*W??jy a uuuuaj uiu?vh iij? ut . vv
inn ; nod that par! must burst sooner or , lie
a*er,,(whcn. we cannot predict;) but the ; w
ii!rinsic vahic of the plant will remain ; to
tnd silk culture should be really undertaken ' of
>v only one in every hundred, the demand
hereby created sltoulJ maintain, for two i sp
;easons, the plants and buds to onc-eigth 1 m
or perhaps one-sixteenth) part of their r it
Present cxhorbitant prices, the cultivation di
,vill still be highly profitable to all who plant i is
:ven at the present high prices. If there ; te
should be no demand of purchasers, andne i te
lesign in the cultivator to raise silk worms, j th
hen of course he w ill lose his whole outlay. I sit
Df these, or of belter chances, adventurer j
oust judge for himself.
We proceed to give extracts from our w
friend Pleasants1 letters. He will not con- ve
fine his cfFurts to merely raising mulberry is
~ i t* I _*ll_ |
plants tor sale, nui win iceu siik worms uie i U;
lext season, on a considerable scale. For
his purpose, ho has acquired possesion of
lie Bollona Arsenal,in Chesterfield, which jo
will be converted from its late warlike name w
ind purpose, to a laboratory for tho peace- gj
ul and useful labour of silk culture, under jn
he direction of its present worthy occu- b<
>nnt. hi
* * * ,
tx
"On the subject of one-bud cuttings of fu
nuliicau I is I can give theo my experience fr
his year, which perhaps may be of some g,
ralue. It is probably known to thee, that ra
with scarcely any exceptions, there was a ju
^reat failure in getting cuttings to start last
spring. John Carter is tho only cultivator g]
I know who has succeeded well. Next to
liim I place myself?but at a considerable Si
distance in the rear. To the north, not r]<
more than one in 15 or 20 grew. The tji
failure was owing to a peculiar season, for ;
I never saw cuttings start better than mine
did. An excessive drought, at the time the
plants began to root, dried them up. In preparing
my, cuttings, out of some of the 111
strongest and best wood, I cut 10,000 or tii
15,000 with one bud. The one-bud cut- pi
tings I planted to themselves in the same It
sort of ground with the oihers; and they b<
all susequently dried alike. Taking the e<
piece at large, they stand as well as the best rr
spot of two-bud cuttings, and much better tl
than the greater part of them. They came Ij
up with great regularity, and havo grown tt
off very evenly. tii
"If the season is propitious, there is do si
reason why a cutting with one bud should pi
not grow as well as one with two buds. A A
large ono may be stuck deeper in the ti
ground, and in the drought, it ^tay be long, w
er under the influence of moisture?But o
_?t. _7?J? r i..,..,.
wiui cany y turning, i uu?v? ?u "wnoumi
in relying upon any good one bud cutting ; p
and early planting, by the way, is more tl
or less important to the success of every s'
mode. I have never taken up my mullti- f<
caulis plants so early in the spring, but what t<
i found the buds started, and the little root, w
lets in the act of being thrown out. The p
growtli must therefore be checked by ex- tl
posure to the air, and transplanting. From g
my observation, the conditions which I d
would recommend, (and which I rely on so a
ally that I intend to practice them.)'
n order to insure success to one-buds, arc j
is follows: Preserve the plants during win- j
tr in a cool place, not exposed to the sun. j
^et the ground be prepared, so that the ,
danting may bo commenced as early as j
he season will permit; if in February the :
letter?at any rate, early in March. The'
oil should not be so light or sandy as to beome
thirty very soon. Let the cuttings J
ie prepared by separating midway between ;
Iw joints, and stick them deep enough for
lie budjto be covered from an inch to an inch >
ncl a half, according to the texture of the soil.!
The bottom of the slip will then be& b inch
s beneath the surface?a dopth]to which .
iio ground seldom becomes entirely dry.ia-Ji
ie early part of the spring?and if there; be
ny choice of ground in the lot, select for
ingle buds that part which lies the lowest,;
s being likely to retain moisture the long- i
st. \v itli these precautions, and above all,!
arly planting, no failure can, in my opinion,
nsue; but I would advise thee to con.;1
ult other cultivators on the subject. By a (
trong cutting, I mean one taken from the .'
irgcr part of the main stem of a vigorous.! I
lanf, and those near the base of thrifty la...;'
'ml branches. Some daj*s ago, 1 removed
ic earth from a number of my single*bud '
lan's, for the purpose of examining them P
arefully. I found some smaller than I in. P
*ndcd to plant; hut the trees were as large j
s those from the largest cuttings. * * i
".My plants will this year yield per culling '
bout 40 buds, on the average?perhaps 1 {
tore, and the most of them grow on a thin,! j
tallow soil, that never was manured."
* * * * j 1
' It is'the opinion of many men of judg- , j
icnt, with whom I have conversed and cor* J
isponded, that the present prices will be :
carl)p or quite sustained another year.? 1
'he stock of mulberries is not so large as J
no might suppose. There arc very few in ''
icw England. A friend in Baltimore in- r
>rms me that G. C. Smith estimates the I
jmber in the United States as two and a j
df millions. R. Sinclair (perhaps in con*
notion with Smith,) states the same num. '
jr: and a friend of mine, .vim Ins taken 1
f
-eat pains to inform himself, has arrived ::
precisely the same conclusion. I can>t
help thinking there are more ; but my :r
formation on the subject is not extensive. J
i regard to the demand, I may say that m 1
Idi ion to that indicated t*r the present c
gh prices, Judge Comstoek, editor of the a
ilk Culturist, told mc he did not think there i1
* ^ .i i ? r
ere more in trie United Stales tiian woum v
ipply the state of Cannecticuf, at fair pri-1 f
;s, if they were nil sent there. And n get:- *'
:man of Burlington informed me thnt there
ere not more than enough in New Jersey ,
supply the present demand in the county 1
' Burlington in the same manner.
"I intended to have said a word about fl
(routing cuttings in a hot bed, as reconi- '11
ended by G. B. Smith. I have only tried
once, and then on a small scale ; but I
d not succeed very well. The objection, .
, that the plants become chilled and stun- 1
d by removal from such comfortable qunr- r
rs to be exposed to the inclemencies of v
e month of May. But in any event, great ^
till and attention are requisite in the man- . ['
jcmcnt of a hot bed. jl:
"It may be very familiar to thee, but it! I
ill do no harm to add, that the most consnicnt
instrument in preparing the cuttings,
a pair of pruning acitor.s?such as arc n
led by vinedressers."
* * * * It1
[My experience teaches me that tins oh- j 2
ct ion rests against plants grown in hotbeds i1
ith glasses. We, oivever consider tha j1
asses are wholly unnecessary, if not!1
jurious. If the cuttings be started in hot. !1
jds, covered in bad weather, and during 1
gher with straw orgrass mattings, they can j r
; raised just as hardly as if planted in the i J
eld, and will have the advantage of being j \
om three to five weeks earlier in their jc
rowth. I have transplanted cuttings thus j I
lised, taking advantage of a good season j
st after a rain, without their leaves ever I j
ooping, or the plants being put hack a sin- j J
ie day in their growth. j *
From close observation I unhesitatingly
ly that I consider the hot-bed as above j *
ascribed the best mode of starting the cut- 1
llgs. 's
EDWARD P. ROBERTS, jc
Ed. Farmer Gardener.] j c
"I had intended to supply an omission j <
lade in regard to the preparation of cut- j f
iigs; and the remark I would make, ap. j t
lies cspdcially to cuttings of single buds, j (
is the ma:n stem that f recommended to j t
c cut into single buds, and it is the strong- j t
?t part of the stem that throws out the late- 11
ll branches. As every lateral starts out, j t
?ere is no bud (at hast none that will readi- (
' grow,) remaining at the joint; and it is t
lerefore necessary, *in preparing the cut- f
ngs, that the lowest bud on the lateral t
lould be left to the main stem. I lost many t
lants last spring by not attending to this, t
md the sellers of mulberries, Who1 supply c
immed plants, should always prune in this [
'ay, otherwise, the best portion of the wood i
11 the whole plant will be of little value. 3
|'T hnvn nlmr??t determined to plant a '
ortion of our cuttings this Jail; say about I
ie last of Nov. or 1st of December. The t
lightest covering of earth, I have always *
)und sufficient o protect them during win* r
jr. 1/thou hast noticed the plants in spring,
fhen they are uncovered for the purpose of [
lanting, especially if it be not very curly, \
hou hast bo doubt observed that every i
;ood bud has sprung. By exposure to the t
ry air, many of them perish before they j 1
re planted. Had they remained under a 1
proper depth of soil, every bud, starling as
they do at tiic same lime, would have shown
itself above the ground. Why cannot they
he protected in the field equally as well,
without being subjected to spring handling
and removal ? It would be an easy matter
to cover the stems in the furrows two or
three, or even four inches deep and remove
the covering in the spring, which would be
a good working. I have been thinking oil
the summer I would plant a portion o( my
crop in this way ; but I should be afraid to
recommend it strongly to others, lost there
might be a failure. If. however, if should
succeed as well as I am convinced it would
produce a much finer tree than by the comgfrg
mode. I pcrceivo that Cheney, whe
is a very experienced cultivator, recoin.
mends that layers should bo planted in the
fall.?At all events, I know from experience
that the earliest spring planting is much to
be preferred to deferring it until the ground
becomes somewhat warm. Like grains ol
eaily planted corn, the cuttings are thrown
ing out roots, the germ may not appear
above ground much sooner than the late
planting. Unless the ground was clean,
thero might be danger from the field mice.
Please give thy views on this subject.
"Wilt thou take it amiss, if I venture to
assign one or two reasons why thou shouldst
not offer thy plants of 1839 for 12 ? cents,
as thou didst propose doing some time ago 1
I would not deter thee from doing so, for
ho purpose of keeping up the price, lfthey
lo not sell for more than 9d. I shall be
acrfecllv satisfied. It is enough for them,
[hit can any one individual reduce the mar.
vet price by offering his crop at reduced
ates, or even by giving them awav ? Perwps
thou mayest grow a million. If thero
?o a brisk demand for 20 million, which will
irobably be the extent of the supply next
rear a million or more or less will have very
ittlc effect upon prices. By contracting
iow to receive much less than they wul
irobably command, thv efforts to reduce
lie prices will he unavailing, and thou wilt
)e voluntarily depriving thyselfofthe profits
o he derived from the culture. Speculators,
dsn. might buy up thy whole crop, and re_
ail it at greatly advanced rates. Indeed it
s only the speculator, perhaps, that would
low contract to receive plants to be deliTrod
a year hence. So that I sec no pro.,
lability of thy effecting thy object by this
rourse. It is however very possible that by
mother year, public feeling on the subject
nay be more rational, and that prices may
rorrcspond with the actual valuo of tl-.o
>!;int for which it is designed by'nature. We
ire now going through the paroxysm of the
ever, in due time it will abate, health will
ie restored, and reason resume her empire,
lid us wait patiently for it, and do all we
:an lo promote the culture of silk, until the
pies!ion is settled whether or not it can be
a trod need into this country as a profitable
iranch of agriculture."
* * * *
' I think I have obtained some valuable
n formation respecting the action of bone
nanuru in growing mulberries. Wfwn I
vas at the north. I inquire.! particularly
ibout its general value, at Boston, Philalelphia
and Baltimore. At Boston, there
s a very large manufactory. At all three
laces, the price for crushed bones is 35
:ts. per bushe'. I purchased 200 or 300
mshels in Baltimore ; hut it was not until
fter I left there, that I heard of its good efects
on mulberries. A grower in Burling,
on had applied some to a small lot of
ground, and the effect was so beneficial,
hat I heard the trees spoken of as being
he finest ot the whole country. They hod
ricd to keep the knowledge of it a secret
here, for their own advantage; but I intend
hat it shall be known. I am promised the
csult of another experiment. I am fully
:onvinced that with the use of 85 worth of
one manure to the acre, our highest and
Iryest and poorest lands can be made to
roduce trees 5 or 6, or 7 feet high.
"Please inform me what was Sidney Wei.
er's mode of saving his immature cuttings,
linn ?/ t /4ptnil if. hut nerhnns I have
IICU1U lliw UwkM'i i T ^ _
orgotten some part."
Jn answer to the foregoing inquiry, and
or the benefit of all others of our readers,
he information derived from Mr. Wellcr's
itatement of his practice will Iicpj be giv?n.
All who have observed the Morus MufcL
aulis, know that the plants of one year's
jrowth have a large portion of the latest
brmcd stem and branches so green and
ender as to be unfit to withstand severe
rosts. Th's part of the plants with all the
)uds thereon, though frequently amounting
o onc-fith, or more of the whole number on
he plant,) has, until lately, been deemed
vorthless and taken no account of in sales,
>r in planting.?But in our own small pracice,
it was observed last spring, when the
- - ?
)lanls were taken out of the earth in wnicn
hey had been kept through winter, that the
mripe buds, to the very extremities of the
wigs, had begun to start in growth, and of
jourse that they possessed enough vital
>o;vcr to produce plants, if properly manigeJ.
The proportion of unripe wood this
rear is numerously great, owing to the eary
and continued drought of summer having
>een followed by abundant late rains. Afer
they first year, there is a very little of tire
vood left unripe, as the branches generallyipen
to the ends.
iMr. Weller had earlier learned the vital
jower and value of these unripe buds, and
las practised with success the following
nanner of saving them separately. As soou
is thero has been frost enough for the
eaves to fall oft*, and before a ay more severe
cold weather follows, a!f the unripe
5 ends of branches and stems are cut off, in.
i j eluding about an inch, or one bud, of the
j adjoining ripe wood below. 1 hesc ore laid
, in a shallow pit or trench, or even on the
| cleanly scraped surface of the earth, so as ic
. I be more than fnnr inrhoa th"r?L' nn^ tKnr
are covered over with clean and friable soil,
. (sand would be better,) which is to fill up all
, vacances between the twigs, as well as tc
| cover them. Then, any kind of earth ma v
; be heaped on, so as to cover the twigs 12
,j or 13 inches deep, if freezing is feared;
, though a few inches depth has alwaysi
I proved sufficient. . As in all other crises ol
! j winter-pits or trenches to contain multicaulia
,; plan's, the access of too much water from
,; rains should be prevented, bv choosing nn\
. j elevated spot, or surrounding il with-a Uilch,
?; Mr. Pleasants' views and advice as tc
i! choosing a cold situation, to prevent the toe
, \ early springing of the buds, are likely, tc
! give stili greater value to this practico ol
*! saving and using unripe buds. Mr. We!!
ler relies oo his unripe buds, saved as above,
to be nearly as certain as the ripest, to
' vegetate and produce, and this information
1 may be worth several hundreds of dollars,
this year, to everyone who has as much as
: an acre in multicanlis plants. It is highly
i necessary to avoid having any vegetable
! matter in contact with the buried twigs as
; mouldncss and rotting will be produced and.
I perhaps may sprea ! beyond the twigs first
affected.
i As to the capacity of the unripe buds to
germinate and to produce good plants, if
preserved properly through winter, (without
: being cutjfrom the plan's,) wc knew it like
wise from the information of John E. Meade,
_rn_r /"> ? j r.i
j jsij., ui irince urcorge, wuo avaucu r>i mc
' knowledge so well that he Ins now ns many
growing trees as he bought cuttings last
spring?tho unripe buds, which arc not
j charged 'mvihg fully made up for all the
failures of the ripe. By ihc way, cuttings
bought bv Mr. Meade last spring, cost him
! (at an unusually low price) $10, and the
crop from them is worth $1000, at the pres.
; ent enormous prices and rt'ady sales,
j We saw Mr. Wcll'Vs nursery, (in IlalL
j fax county, N. C.,) on October iG.h. Ten1
der plants, (such as sweet potato vines,)
had then been partly killed by fros\ but his
mulberries were barely touched, on some of
' the youngest top leaves, and many grow,
or ripen, much more yet. 17c had worked
1 the ground late in August; and that, (as
' wc think, improperly late cultivation) as
' well as the late rains, had caused a very late
; growth, and usually large proportion ofunI
ripe wood and buds, lie does not trouble
J himself to cut down and cover, or to u$e
: any'other means to protect in winter, any
j ot his plants,except the the unripe extrenrij
tics of branches. He considers all the ripe
wood as perfectly safe. This is a most imj
portent advantage of the ciimatc of North
| Carolina and Virginia. But though cut.
; ting down the entire plant is unnecessary to
| protect the ripe wood from cold, still as it
1 will be ('one at any rate, for cuttings; while
j tho great demand lasts, it will be better to
i protf ct the unripe buds.
Mr. Weller's nursery grounJ is quitesandy,
i and some of it had been very poor, and most
| of it now far from rich. Vet his ono-ycare
| plants are generally four and sometimes six
| feet high ; showing the great advantage of
! usinrr the lightest soil. At f*n?ton nn th*
rich as well as light soil of the Iloanoke
low-grounds, a small patch, belonging to
\V. W. Wilkins, esq., would average, certainly
150 good buds, (and he thinks 200)
on the plants of this year's growth. It isccr.
tainly the first growth we have seen. These
plants, from buds planted last spring, in
seven months thereafter would sell for $3 a
j piece?perhaps for S3, at the present prL
! ces. Some waste building limo had been
; given to this spot. Wo had been before
| inclined to belive that calcareous manures
i are peculiarly adapted to the mulberry,
' from having observed the usual locations,
1 and degree of luxuriance, of the native
j growth. Mr. Weller lias found very dej
cided benefit from sprinkling the rubbish of
old mortar, (from demolished brickwork,)
in his rows of multicaulis cuttings. Tne
great value, too, of bone.roanurc, (though
bones are of phosphate lime,) as stated by
j Mr. Pleasants, is a valuable fact, aud helping
to confirm the opinion of the demand of this
' plant for lime in some of its forms in comi
bination.
; Mr. Wtller plants at any time in winter
; or spring, when lie has the time. He has
no objection to, or fear of, full planting, but
has no spare labor at that season. Me cuts
up generally, into singlebud cuttings, and
drops the bits into the furrow, with no care
; as to their position, and about seven or
eight inches apart, (rows three feet) and
covers carefully. Wo think a better mode
: would be to stick tlio lower end of the cutI
ting into the soft mould, p rpendicularly,
i and to cover the bud not more than an inch,
i if near the time to sprout. Tnc lower exi
- ?- i <?
! tremiues, wnere ttic roois iorm, in mis tuic
j would be as low as possible, and so much
! the more likely to keep moist: and tlic bud
i be very near, as it ought to be, to the air.
; These objects will be still the better answerS
ed, bv cutting the branches as close above
1 if
! each bud as is safe, and of course giving
; as much length as possible of each cutting
: below the bud.
Besides the rapid mode of propagation
|from single bud cuttings, when they are alf
lowed to hayc the growth of an entiro seaL?on,
there is another process which may be
.r added, and by which the product may be
i still more and" greaily muitiplied.-*This is
by summer layers; wtych mode is cxten.
tensively practised by some of the largest
dealers and nurserymen, and which is cer%
. ta inly an admirable means of making profit >
by imposing on distant and ignorant pur.
I chasers, still more than to obtain the legiti.
t mate gain of the actual increase of the stock
i of piant9. As described to us, the follow,
i ing is the most approved and productive
, plan of raising from layers. Early in July,
I or as soon as the young shoots are 10 to IS
) inches high, let each be bent down and laid
on the earth, and confined there by a forked
! slick, and a little earth be laid on one of the
; buds near the extremity. The leaves of
, the buried buds should be cut oft From
r thesp, roots soon strike out, and each eT.
i trcmity runs up rapidly into wliat nortliern
i nurserymen call "a tree." Soon after the
r first operaiion, every ulternata bud, of the
. stem laid down, should ho- covered #hh
> earth in like manner, and from eaoii of the
i interm diate buds left uncovered, (here will
i be thrown up o-ber upriglrt shoots, of winch
r the connecting original stom may be cut
apart, before the growing season is over,
n nd thus form so many of what are termed
"rooted und unlrimmcd" trees, and sold as
such, formerly at 25 to 38, and now at GO
cents or more, a piece. In this manner inf
a good season, and during rapid growtlu we
arc ioformed that sometimes six, or eight*and
even ten "rcoted trees," may berais'rd
in a year from a single bud planted the sarfrc
season. This is a very useful practice to"
increase a small stock rapidly; as these
secondary, though very inferior plants, if
well preserved through winter, will furnish
n greatly increased stock of buds and root*
for the next year's planting. But to sell
these plants, of half a season's growth, to
distant purchasers as rooted irons," without
explanation, is a gross fraud, which has
been most extensively practised already,
and by which hundreds of thousands of dol|?
I I 1 "'I ?
i I'll? nave own, ana will w, unngweousiy
I gained. ? *
From this description many purchasers*
of plan s will not understand the manner in
which their supplies were produced. For
plants from layers must necessarily be of
small height, the growth late, and a large
proportion of tl*e st^m unripe?and always
without branches, (though sold perhaps at
nearly double price for being ^trimmed'1)
and tiie roots, consisting of a srmll horizon,
tal bit of the original stem convened to
root, with merely n few ihread.iike rootles
extending therefrom. Purchasers shotild
guard against receiving the products of
layers as "rooted trees,*' whether eold as
"untrimmed" or not.
Cuttings, also, may be separated from
young plants in any wet season, during
summer, and, if sit out immediately, will
have, and form separate rooted plants. We
are inclined to believe that tlie topping of
young plants, for this object, in July, would
be useful, by causing more extension of
side.brancnes, end better maturing the bods
on the extremities.
Among the great and unexpected pro.,
ducts from this year's growth of muftifrty
plants, there will be an abundant harvest of
bw-su its. Weknow of several bavin# bfen
already commenced. There will h* ttfttel
points of agricultural law for the courts to
decide, which will be curious, and' not n
little amusing to all except the litigant per.
u?js. .in puiauua vv iiu nj8K0 COrHrBCIS,
should be vrty cautious as to the otherparty
with whom they deal, and tlw manner of
fixing the conditions. Wewillcfoso these
scraps of information with some nrithme*
tical calculations and estimates, which per*
haps may be of service to readers who design
either to buy or to sell, or who aro in
possession of multicaulis plants. We have
[tad reason to be surprized to find, in son.
dry cases, how little had been done, even by
dealers to a large amount of money, in tho
way of estimating arithmetically, the present
or prospective amounts, or market prices
of their possessions or purchases. It is*
therefore, that \vc have thought that these
mulberry statistics, and estimates, trifling'
and humble as they are. may not bs useless.
On page 592, vol. 2. of Farmers' Regis*'
tcr, and in the appffidix to the Essay on
Calcareous Manures, (pp. 193, 104) there
is a table of the number of plants, or rectangular
spaces, in an acre, at every dis*
tance that can be desired. This will bo
found far more convenient for reference to
show the number of mulberry plants to on
acn* than for the other purposes for wfcitb
the tabic wns originally designed.
According lo this table an acre of land
planted with cuttings at the distance of 9
feet by I, would take 14520 plants. This
allows abundant space for the first year's
growth. At 3 feet by llf inches* there
would be 15 125 plants; and therefore, for ,
I round numbers, 15,000 may be taken aw
I the number of cuttings proper for an acre,
and which, if not growing unusually large*
Avoold not be too thick even if all were to
live. Upon this ground the cost and re?
tnrns fund conjectured profits will be cett?
mated.
cost.
15,000 sir.gle.bud cuttings,
bought Nov.' 1638, at
cts. each, make tlto
cost for an acre* #875
Interest on do. #2
i Keeping cuttings through
the winter and cultivation
! in 1839, * 25
! Kent of land, 18
^ 440
TROFIT.
Suppose of 15,000 cuttings, 6000 10 foil,
and only 9000 to grow, and these to aver*
age only 30 good buds each, and the#*
buds to sell in Nor. 1838, at but half % cent
each, then the product will be,
i