Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ESTABLISHED 1891. BAMBERG-, S. 0., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1899. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. ' ? * -*t-r\ tvr lrvA\rim r aot* *?attt? ttti a t\ t\T PREPARING FOR NEXT YEAR'S i COTTON. Correspondence Cotton Plant 1 In our travels over the State this ^ summer, attending our summer series * of Farmers' Institutes, we have been J very much impressed with the immense increase in the cultivation of the cow * pea. Fewer fields are to be seen I "resting" in the old way by growing c up with weeds for future brow-sweatings, but instead the farmers are fast learning that the best rest for the land is to keep it in a crop that will shade and protect the soil and gather fertility for succeeding crops far faster than p the natural growth. Wide areas are now in peas that bore a crop of small grain, and the "Clover of the South" is covering fields that never before a' grew it. Many of these fields are in- ^ *?3 J omn of next _ 16I1U6U 1V( UIO VVVWM year, and as a matter of coarse the ^ ' owners are thinking how best to use w the pea ciop. If they have taken our r( advice, so often given in the press, the tlpeas have had a good dose of phos- ^ phoric acid and potash in some form, q and where this is the case the course ri is plain and the cotton crop can be K grown at the smallest cost if the owner ^ simply adds the seed from this year's m crop to the land. One of the most ^ thoughtful farmers in South Carolina u wrote us that he bid found that in his y case, being far removed from oil mills ^ ?v~?> ka Axrhance the seed for ,.i WUW) uo uvtuw .... meal and hulls, he found that the I whole seed after being crushed to de- ^ airoy germination, gave him excellent 18Q results when applied as he usee them. I jc He found that when a mass of seed or I (jc other bulky mauuro was applied di-I0f rectly in the furrow under the cotton, ^ there was difficulty in getting a good I stand of the cotton. He found aleoLf that while the seed were a valuable I ^ fertilizer, they were slow in becoming I a available to the plant as food. He[wj therefore adopted the plan of opening j ^ a furrow midway between the beds for ?* the cotton, and there burying the seed, j ^ Bvthe time the cotton had developed Iot toBhe point ol making the liloom and pe trmt it had found the seed, which by I^ #that time had decayed to an extent Ly, sufficient to enable them to yield yp*j w tl^fr^lant food, aiffi he got better crops ^ in this ^py. What we most want to 10f get at however is the best and most 18tl economical way to apply the purchased fertilizers to the cotton. We havel^ said that where, the pea, crop of this t]l( 9 year has been well supplied with phos-I ((X phoric add and potash there is better I chance for next year's cotton. jSxpe-1 rience has shown that an application I j}Q, of the potassic fertilizers especially, Lg, some months before the planting, will Hr show from them better results than I ^ from a direct application at the plant-1 ^ ing time. And not only this but their _ application to the pea crop will give a I ^ heavier crop of forage. There is|f01 nothing that the cotton farmer needs I b more than plenty of forage and plenty I of cattle to feed it to. The use 01 me entire growth of -peas as a manure di- j?* rect wfll undoubtedly show a greater effect on the succeeding crop than the cutting off of the growth. But the X cutting and coxing of the crop as hay, and the feeding of this hay to cattle, with the careful saving of the manure will do more for the farm and fanner fr than the burying of a crop worth $20 per r* acre as food, three-fourths of which value can be recovered m the manure Z? made fiom the feeding. Another fact f in'connection with the using of the whole growth for the cotton crop is ? 3 that it may give an excess of nitrogen ?. and a rank and long limbed growth, and a late crop. The true way to use v0 the pea crop preceding a Cotton crop is \ to cut'and cure the vines as hay, feed -L{ r them to stock and return to the land - the manure tints trade. But what . <8h*D*the man do who did not put any phosphate or potash on his peas ? U 'he takes them off, he will certainly 00 have taken wff more of the phosphoric ? acid and potash of which his land was . probably already deficient, and unless ^ -fce applies fertilizers to his cotton he P0 cannot hope for an increased crop by reason of the pea growth. He may to some extent get benefit from the peas ? so far as the increase of nitrogen in ^ the soil is concerned, but while the ?? cotton may make a ranker "weed" it 8P will fail in the fruiting. The peas will reHeve him from the purchase of the most ?.r costly part of a complete fertilizer, and he will not be compelled to buy nitrogen ^ - at all, especially if he uses his cotton cr seed as suggested. But what shall he 00 ? ond when aliall he apply the fer- ^ UOV W? -?? tOixer ? We have already remarked */v that it has been found th*t the mineral 88 plant 'food in the shape of phosphoric ec acid and potash give better results .. when applied some time previous to the n1 planting of the crop, and we know too that a liberal broadcast application of these is better, not only for the im- Jl provement of the land generally, but for the crop of cotton. The experience of our South Carolina friend ^ points to this. Few farmers realize " the short time in which, fertilizers ap- ?! plied directly in the furrow under the d plants are available to the plant. The * part of the roots of any plant which Yl are engaged in collecting food are near b the extreme tip of the small rootlets, ? and when these get beyond the area In ? which the food was applied and begin to iorage in poorer soil, a deterioration " in the growth and fruiting must result. Hence we have become fully satisfied " tlial even for the cotton crop a broad- " cast application is best in the final re " suits on the crop. We would like 0 some of our friends who have a pea stubble to go into cotton next- year to a ATTOriment of applying * BjT (UO DX1U?/1V v?y. ? this fall broadcast on part of the stab- ? - ble all the phosphate and potash they * intend for the ci-op. You need to bny T only acid phosphate and kuinit in equal proportions, for the peas, aided by the 1 cotton seed from this year's crop, will ? give yon an abundant supply of nitro- * gen. On the rest of the field apply < the fertilizers at the time of planting < in the furrow. I have little fear but < that you will find that the acid phos- 1 phate and jiotash applied this fall will 1 give you better results in the crop next ] year than the spring application in the : furrow. And not only this, but it will enable you to get a better stand of crimson clover sown among the cotton at laying by time next summer. If you get a stand of crimson clover in the cotton field, you will have done more for your land than in any other way, for the winter cover is worth of itself an application of fertilizer, in the prevention of the wasting of the < fertility in winter, while the clover will Set more nitrogen for you to turn into . :orn next year with the aid of your j n>me made manure. Let us put a lit.le forethought into the economical a >roduction of a cotton crop, and get } [own to real farming with cotton. W. F. Massey. Faleigh, 2f. C. j WHY NOT A BOG LAW? t _ 1 'iom Tex Cotton Plant 1 Col. J. Washington Watts, of Lau- c ^ i i ?8 ens <jouniy, nas ueeu nusiu^ ouccp , Dr at least three score years and when ^ member of the Legislature he made irenuous efforts to have a dag law 0 assed so as to encourage the indus- v 7 of sheep raising, but his efforts Jj ere in vain and his fellow members ? ickoned him a little daft on the ques- . on of dogs and sheep, considering leir relative importance to the State, i* ol. Watts still believes that he was ght in advocating a dog law, and has ^ ?ently expressed himself as hoping J1 tat the people will yet send enough en to the Legislature with the cour- JjJ je of their convictions, who will pass a rigid dog law, which is indispensa- 111 e to the raising of sheep, and would w Id millions to the incomes of our peo- a j e, who would soon see the difference aj fit? #?onfa rntt/tn and t.W?ntv- F re cents wool." In the line of hi . ggestion, we copy from the Atlanta V1 wrnctl the following statement of the- 86 tgand sheep situation from the pen ,ra Mr. C. H. Jordan, whose articles ia1 e always worth reading: cu It is to be hoped that the members w the general assembly will not longer c? iat with ridicnle the introduction of P1 jood dog law. The time has come lenan imperative demand lis made . the farmers of Georgia, for pro tec>n to the sheep industry of the State. P? ool is today selling in the markets our country for thirty-seven cents J? r pound and there is no likelihood of fr overproduction. With a rapidly in- "J jawing population among the nations ifle world using woolen goods, it is ?~. r to presume that the wool industry the country will not grow beyond a ong and heidthy demand, which will ^ Est at all seasons of the year. Aside >m wool, mutton has become within * i past few years a favored article of >d, and the entire area of the United ites is unable at the present lime to . xlnce emmgh mutton annually for Jrj me consumption. We found it nec- r? lary to import nearly three millions jv mutton sheep alone from Canada ^ t year, and the purchase of wool ^ ?m foreign countries during the ne period amounted to many millions dollars more, to meet the demand P? domestic use. So that in the sheep sin ess we have a most profitable Id for investment, and with the pasre of a good dog law the farmers of rj orgia, especially those in the wire188 section, wonld be presented a 8 ' ( endid, opportunity for extensive ^ jep raising, xne mougrui cux suuuiu t be longer allowed to retard so imrtant a branch of our farm products, jj?1 d if the present Legislature refuses give the sheep industry a helping ?5 ud, by proper legislation,(then every inty should make the dog law an is- 70 3 in the general electrons next year [I? the members to the general assess- . * r, where candidates are not outspok- j*' in their determination to meet the shea of the people on this line. I be- *c e that every man who owns a good g, and is interested m the future slfare of his State is perfectly will- P? I to pay an annual tax of one dollar his dog. The taxes sapaid would into the educational fond of his an unty, and there be expended in edu- ?T ting the boys and girls of his com- P inity. Thousands of worthless curs P? lich travel the public highways after 9? jht and roam under cover <JT dark- ??3 8S about other people's promises, ex- 80 ingon whatever refuse they can find, D0 mid meet a fitting doom at the hands mi the proper officials. We believe that f* drophobia is largely caused by pois- rj3 ions substances which these half r* irved, uncared for dogs devour, and Jjf itimes the lives of valuable animals, jjf even that of a human being is deroyed, if unfortunately happening to 80 oss the jMUhway of these maddened ^ eatures. The well fed dog loves the mfortable surroundings of his home, 00 id is apt to be found there at the pro- ?f ir time defending his master's posssions from the invasions ot an en- m oy after nightfall. The man who pays an annual tax on !? is dog, aside from other consideraous, is likely to regard the possession ! the animal as something of more line, and will give better care and ti Mention to the needs of his dog. jj ?'n?A Ianorhincr nlant7' is a curious ~0 o r .. ling which grows in Arabia and in " irts of the Western frontier of Hin- " st&n. The plant is of moderate size, a ith bright yellow flowers and soft Tel- a ety seed pods, each fof which con- n tins two or three seeds resembling 0 mall black beans. The natives of the n istrict where the plant grows dry a bese seeds and reduce them to power. A small dose of this powder has ? Lmilar effects to those arising from the L ^halation of laughing gas. It causes 0 be soberest person to dance, shout and ? tugh with the boisterous excitement f a madman and to rush about, cut- ? ing the most ridiculous capers for . bout an hour. At the expiration of 1 his time exhaustion sets in, and the 1 xcited person falls asleep, to wake af- 5 er several hours with no recollection c vhatever of his antics. J The Legislatuie.has directed that the :ree public schools of this State ob- j lerre the third Friday in November as | a rKrtr D?.v- and on that dav the school 1 officers and teachers shall conduct such * jxercises and engage in the planting | >f such plants, shrubs, and trees as i srill impress on the minds of the pupils ( the proper value and appreciation to be ; placed on flowers and ornamented shrubbery and shade trees. Col. T. J. Moore on an irrigated piece of land made at the rate of 118 bushels of rice to the acre and over seven tons of straw which makes excellent feed for horses and cattle.? Carolina Spartan. HOW TO RESTORE SOUTHERN FARM LANDS. rn-State Farmer and Gardener. Having by experience during my farming operations at the North seen the wonderful recuperating effect of a clover sod towards reclaiming a worn and exhausted soil, since my advent j as a farmer and fruit grower in Georgia i [ have been experimenting lor a numt>er of years with another branch of Jie legume family, the Southern cow Den. My reason for experimenting on ;hi8 line was to find out for raj self if he cow pea would furnish the nitrogen or any crop, and especially corn, with>ut any other application. Ten years tgo this land produced nothing but day pops (passion vines) without ferilizers. I thought tliat here was an pportunity for some experimental rork, to see what this land could be aade to produce in ten years, which I elieve is considered a reasonable time ) restore an exhausted soil. This md is & sandy loam with a clay subMi, and is well adapted for corn. The ret crop planted ten years ago was ie speckled pea, which is a quica mailing pea, but the crop failed to gi ow >r the want of fertility in the soil, re jiving no application of fertilizers. < he crop, what there was, was plowed J Qder in the fall, and the next spring as planted with the Unknown pea, 1 id fertilized with 25 pounds of muri- i e of potash, and 100 pounds of phos- < lone acid, to the acre. There was a 1 ir crop of peas, and in the fall the * nes were turned under and the land " ?a c eded to oats, ine oai crop w?? ? ther light owing to dry weather the 1 tter part of April. The oats were t it the last of May, and again planted i ith the Unknown pea, making a fine * op of peas and vines; the peas were t eked and the vines this time were cat c r forage. e The next spring the land was plant- I i to corn with an application of 50 F unds of muriate, of potash, and 200 f unds acid phosphate to the acre, " If broadcast and the other in .drill, tl le corn was a fair crop considering A 3 dry weather we had that year. To a rry ont a description of the growth b the different crops would make this P icle too lengthy so I give the number n the different crops during the ten * in. There has been 'grown two ra crops, "besides the present one, a] if oat crops ; also the same season a ti >p of peas, and in the corn rows e: th the exception of this year, but h mid have beeu but the weather be- fc ; dry and during a seveie storm on vi i last day of July the corn was badly e: >wn down. There has been an np- it cation of potash and acid with Y sry crop but the first pea crop, using gt ire or less as the crop required, but ei t a pound of nitrogen, only what the M as have furnished. The present tc m crop was planted the first week in g< iy and received an application of v< ) pounds of muriate of potash, and n ) pounds of phosphoric acid. The ui id was laid off in rows 5 feet 8 inches, ig I the com planted not quite 3 feet ir art, and cultivated on a level. It tt s never looked but the darkest of b< jen since it came up, showing to me pi lclusively that the crop was getting ci the nitrogen from the soil that was pi eded and in an available shape. ^ is land must have been perfectly w id of nitrogen at first and there was na organic matter in the soil, and as p j different crops have been growing tter every year, I give the cow pea* e< 3 credit. I think this year the yield a -,J nn a-fnn rf h mnrp if i r >U1U 1UIVO vuvivui i4 ire had been more precipitation the |> e part of July, yet it will thribble ol r acre the average yield of Georgia, o Ft has been shown by experiment f( it an acre of cow peas gave, m vines ti d roots, the following fertilizer in- li sdients: Nitrogen, 117 pounds ; ft oephoric acid, 26 pounds ; potash, 81 A unds. It would seem by this that c wpeas ought to furnish the nitrogen n r a corn crop, as corn contains only ii pounds grown on one acre. It is n t altogether the question of how ich plant food there is in the pea >p, turned under, but the amount of ^ imus and organic matter furnished the soil, in a much cheaper way than the use of stable manure, and I a re notice that we cannot have in o is climate too much humus in the ii il, to retain all the moisture that we p n during the dry speUs between the i in falls. By this experiment, I have d me to the conclusion that farmers c n reclaim their worn out fields in a v teaper way than by the use. of stable anure, and without the use of cotton a ed or meal, which Should be fed out 1 > fatten stock, and the local markets i irnished with good prime beef. c We often hear of nations handing 2 )wd to coming generations great na- 1 onal debts to pay off. llave the ma- 8 ?ritv of farmers of the South ever ( " ? * - J-Vi ai r lOUgnt wnai & ucut wcj' <uc uauuiu^ own to tiie coming generations of f irmers, by impoverishing the soil by ' le one crop system, and regardless of 1 ny system of crop rotation ? As the 1 verage farmer does not have the stable 1 lanore sufficient to restore his worn 1 ut fields, the next most practicable 1 lethod for him to practice is to follow rotation of such crops, as will give is soil all the vegetable matter that is ecessary to retain moisture, and with he corn crop moisture is the main thing n our uplands in Georgia ? as to the otation each farmer must follow out tis own plan, according to his means nd the adaptation of his lands. Now ! often read in the agricultural papers nquiries from farmers asking how to estore their worn out fields. 1 say to rou this, that you can take your worn >ut fields and with proper cultivation ind deeper plowing, with cow peas to 'urnish the nitrogen and potash and ihosphoric acid to make the cow peas jrow, you can restore your exhausted toil to paying crop conditions in ten ?e&rs. I write this article to show what can je done bere in Georgia on worn out lands, and to set farmers to thinking, and show them how to overcome the tertilizer question ; take your fertilizer bills for the last ten years and see what nitrogen has cost you, and you will then see how much you could have sa? ed by growing the leguminous crops. There are thousands of acres here in Georgia like the land that I have described in this article, worn out cotton fields that do not paj for cultivation under the present system of fanning | that has been going on here for years. These lands should be reclaimed and made to produce paying crops, by rotation and diversified farming, or else we shall leave to the coming geuerations a fearful legacy. C. W. Morrill. Macon, Qa. MR. HENRY NELLL AGAIN. A very pretty controversy is going I on just now between Mr. Henry Neill, the famous cotton expert of New Orleans, and Mr. John Hyde, the chief statistician of the Government Depart 1 -x a ?:11..Hfii AToill i q meat ui .eLgnuuituir. iui JL* VUt Aw | easily the best known and most important pnvate cotton expert in the conntry, and his views may be said to be controlling upon the English buyers of this staple. He has been out for several months with a prediction of another enormous cotton crop, based chiefly upon the favorable weather ] which, he declares, the growing crop has received. The data of this character and the general crop conditions ( reported by the government are not * nearly as favorable as that given by \ Mr. Xeill, although the government has made no definite estimate of the ! crop, as Mr. Neill has. A long letter 1 has been published, written by Mr. c Hyde to a firm of cotton mercliaots fi here, controverting in detail Mr. Neill's itatements, chiefly those referring to 1 he amount of rainfall in the cotton * Delt. To this Mr. Neill has replied in c i second proclamation. People in the cotton trade are natur- J nroativ intorfcAted in the diSDUte , U1J !f the crop turns out to be a short one ^ heie will be a big rise in prices, while * f there is another bumper crop prices a rill probably recede. From the fact ^ hat the price of cotton has risen de- ? idedly already we infer that the gen- . ral opinion of the trade leans in Mr. 11 lyde's favor. Mr. Hyde receives sup- Dj ?ort also in the movement of the crop rom the plantations to the coast and Ci uterior cities, it being- much below bat of last year. On the other hand, f1 ?r. Neil! and his friends maintain that " n immense quantity of cottou has een picked and that the Southern {* lantere are holding it back for more ^ loney. Some day, they say, cotton w ill come out with a rush. ai We feel that we may not improperly C( llude at this time to certain convic- ^ ons that we have heretofore freely xpressed concerning Mr. Neill and is prophecies. It is exceedingly un- j. irtunate for any one business that the te iews of any one man have come to sercise a predominant influence over B various fluctuations and vicissitudes. ^ Te do not tliink we exaggerate in ating that such is the influence ex- * rciseri in the cotton trade by Mr. eill. In some way?which is not al geiher explained by the fact that on . iveral occasions Mr. Neill has been eiy lucky in" his crop guesses?enor- J iou8 weight is attacnea to mr. jueurs Iterances. When it is known that he P about to issue a circular, the trade i cotton is quieted and rumors as to le probable character of the circular ecomes thick as snowflakes. If lie ^ redicts a small crop there is an exted rush of prices upwards, and if he ^ redicts a big crop there is a slump, bilious of dollars hang upon his ords, and of course something besides lortification is felt when these words rove to be mistakes. . Now, while we wish to state most ? mphatically that we have never heard syllable spoken against Mr. Neill's ttegnty and that we believe him to e an absolutely honest man, yet it is . bvious that any such position as he = ccupies must be very uncomfortable >r an honest man to be in. It cer- J rinly imposes upon him strenuous ob- . gations of reticence and extreme careilness. Indeed, one would think that Ir. Neill would wish to |stop issuing rop estimates or would issue them as ? arely as possible and at such late dates 1 the season that they would not work iischief.?if. Y; Sun, Nov. 3. ^ ? " p TOW THE TRUST GOT ITS NAME, p ' Ci The name trust, which is popuhirly ^ pplied to all these large aggregations ? f capital, was somewhat accidental in JIs origin. It has, however, an ap iropriateness which few persons real- jj ze. The managers of every consoli- ? lated enterprise, whether based on a J . f( :ontract, a trust agreement, or an act- lal consolidation, are exercising pow- * irs to benefit or injure the public which 8 ire analogous to those of a trustee. It * las been said that all property is, in its 8 vider sense, a trust in behalf of the c consumer. But where competition is 1 ictive, the power of using # your busi- v less methods to impose high prices is c io far limited that the chance for abuse >f this trust is greatly lessened. It is >nly in the case of large combinations, ?ys l*resident Hndley in the Nov em- t ?er Scribner, with their discretionary i power for gi>od or evil that the charac- i Ler of the trust reposed by society in 1 the directorsjof its business enterpnses ] makes itself really and truly felt. With i these trusts, as with every other trust i that deserves the name, it is hard to i provide legislative machinery which j will absolutely secure its fulfilment. ] The ability to handle any trust is the J result of a long process of legal and j moral education. We cannot make a i law which shall allow the right exer- i cise of a discretionary power and prohibit its wrong exercise. But it is pos- ! sible to modify the existing law in a i great many directions, which will hasten instead of retard the educational TRUSTS AND PARTY PLATFORMS. We have been watching closely the resolutions adopted by political parties with reference to the trust problem. Out of bushels of chaff we find ! just one grain of wheat and about a peck of chaff with tills grain. The one sensible thing we have seen in the platform is this: "Every trust rests upon a corporation, .and every corporation is a crea-j ture of law." The suggestion is then made that the proper method of dealing with trusts is to limit the powers of corporations and hold them to the strict construction of the law. This is the way out and the only way out with safety to the public. It is perfectly silly for politicians to get together and adopt a platform simply denouncing trusts or proposing that "if they become dangerous they should be destroyed altogether. The modern trust is not a corporation holding in trust the stocks of other corporations engaged in the same line )f business, closing up part of them, ind controlling the output of the rest, rhis is the old form of trust which has )een declared illegal. * In the modern orm the trust is simply a gigantic sorporation owning the plants themselves and has been declared to be legal. These large corporations are essen lal to the businesB or tne country ana ; o destroy them, as somb of cur politiians foolishly and ignorantly propose 0 do, would be to cripple the indusrics of the country and turn back the iial which marks the progress of ialustrial development twenty-five years. Either we must tax the franchise, part from the property, of all corporaions and thus make them pay the quivalent for immortality and the reedom of the individual from liabily for corporate debts, or else we lust become socialists and the people lemselves as a people must own these jrporations. As we see it, there is no other soluon of the trust problem. The socialtic wave that is likely to pass over le country with all its risk to property, I >free institutions, and to life itself, o as its source and power not in those h ho preach socialism but in the greed fi id avarice which leads to the forma- v on of trust and to the ignoranse and p iwardice of the politicians who think tl le problem can be solved by mere de- h nidation. We must either limit the ii iwers of corporations and thus make tl lem the servants instead of the mas- lj rs of the common people, or else the jople must become the trust and own te great enterprises which furnish anufactured products, transportation id distribution. Shoald we go on an- n her quarter of a century as we are e )ing and have been doing, the corpo- n .tions will wipe out the individual in n 1 lines of manufactures and distribu- '? ?n as it has already wiped out the in- n vidual in transportation. The corirations will tlien by combinations of si terest have the laborer and the con- f< imer entirely at their mercy and this n eans revolution, financial, social and n ilitical. S There are lines in which public own- h shin is nossible. It is Dossible for n r ? r ? te city to own the btreet railways, the d is factories, the lighting plants, as it f< possible for the nation to own the h wtoffice, the telegraph, and possibly tl ren railroads, but to talk about the v ablic owning factories and mines is to si ilk nonsense, and pet if things go on ii i they have been doing and political fa inventions are, as now, apparently in 1< le hands of men who have never il iven any study to the question, but tl re simply passing resolutions to catch ii Dies and pander to interests or preju- tl ices, even this may be seriously at- fa jmpted. The plain, simple and di- a jet way is to tax the franchises of b irporations as an equivalent for im- c lortality and freedom from liability fa )r corporate indebtedness and to com- a el publicity as in the case of national 1 anks ; io short, for the state and na- g oual governments to apply to all cor. v orations for pecuniary profit the same s rinciple that has been applied to sac- t essfully for thirty years to national I anks. This requires no amendment i the constitution of the States or the t Fnited States.' It is simple justice. 1 t means safety to the public. It t leans a lowering ef taxation, both i tate and national. It means prosper, i y. It means practical co-operation, 1 or a great industry managed in this 1 ray will be able to dispose of all its 1 tocks and bonds to the public, who t rill thus find a safe investment for 1 urplus capital. Unless politicians be- 1 ome statesmen and give serious study o this trust problem, it is likely to in- i rolve us in more trouble than superfi. - - ? ? rrr it _ process. Thus far most of our statutory regulations have been in the wrong direction. We have attempted to prohibit the inevitable, and have simply favored the use of underhanded and short-sighted methods of doing things which must be done openly if they are to be done well. I Six hundred bushels of onions can be ? J raised on the same land requireu vo produce 200 bushels of potatoes, but the onion crop requires vastly more hand labor and is too often a difficult crop to find a market for. All the emery, used in the* world comes from the httle island of Naxos, near Greece. As it is one of the hardest substances known, ordmaiy quarrying tools cannot be used to cut it out. ial thinkers yet dream or. ? wauace a Farmer. 3 ? ? j The supply of white oak timber in \ his country, used extensively and alnost exclusively for shipbuilding of the nost durable kind, is becoming ex- ; lausted. A report received at the Sfavy Department from an expert who s investigating the subject |says the material in Ohio has become scarce, and 10 timber of equal quality is to bo found in any other State. Every year, tie says, from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 feet of this timber is shipped to Quebec, and thence to Liverpi?ol, where it is ? -J Ttinfiak oVilnKnil/1 aro T f ta U3UU U y AJL IblOU OUi^/UUUUVlOi A V aw the general opinion that within ten years there will be no available white oak timber in Ohio. The naval constructors say this presents a serious situation, although it is not so calamitous as it would be were ours not now a steel navy. Still, we use the white oak in the construction of small boats, and to a limited extent in the decking of warships. There are about forty varieties of goldenrod growing in America. To the mau who is all business they are weeds and a pasture pest alone. To him who has a little foolish sentimentality in his make up they come in all their golden beauty to decorate the roadside and fence corner. One may cull the garden of- its best floral products and yet utterly fail to secure, from our standpoint, so choice and delicate a floral treasure as is the bouquet of wild flowers picked by roadside, in pasture lot and by timber edge as laden orchards, harvest moons and shortening days proclaim that the harvest is past and the summer ended. * t HOUSEHOLD RECIPES. Home Cookies.?Cream together a cup of sugar and three-quarters of a cup of butter, beat into this two well whipped egg8 and a gill of sweet milk. Sift a cup and a half of flour twice with a heaping teaspoonful of baking powder and pinch of salt. Stir these into the water and keep adding flour unjil you have a dough stiff enough to roll out. Roll thin, cut into round cakes and bake. Egg Jumbles.?Cream "a cup of butter with two of sugar. Beat six eggs light, stir into them a small cup of milk and add them to the creamed butter and sugar with a half teaspoonful of baking soda dissolved in a little boiling ] water. Stir in enough sifted flour to j make a dough that can be easily rolled ] out. Lay upon a floured pastry board , and mil rprv thin. Out into rounds. / sprinkle with sugar, and bake. ( White Drop Cakes.?Into the stiff- j ened whites of six eggs beat a cupful < of fine powdered sugar and a half-cup- j ful of flour sifted with a teaspoonful of ? baking powder. Beat for a minute, drop on buttered paper and bake. T Sour Milk Cakes.?Cream a half-cup 6 of butter with a cup and a half of granulated suger, then beat in three E whipped eggs. Beat for five minutes j before stirring in one cup of loppered 0 milk and a quaiter of a teaspoonful of v soda dissolved in a teaspoonful of hot 0 water. Now add two heaping cups of v flour (sifted) and stir just enough to i thoroughly mix with the baiter. Bake c in small tins. gl Currant Calces.?Stir one cup of but- ^ *r into two of sugar and rub to a & iream. To this add six beaten eggs, a n lalf a pint of sweet milk and a half 0 -easpoonful each of cinnamon and gratid,nutmeg. Beat all thoroughly; add b ightly three cups of flour that have >een sifted twice with two teaspoons- tl ul of baking powder, and last of all, tf itir in two cups of currants well dredg- m id with flour. Bake in small tins and ^ rhen done sprinkle the cakes with p] >owdered sugar. m Huckleberry Tea Cakes, (Hot.)?A ^ lalf cup of sugar, two tablespoonsful f butter, three eggs, a cup of milk a alf cup of huckleberries dredged with w our, two cups of flour sifted twice w rith a heaping teaspoonful of baking to owdcr. Cream butter and sugar, add" l- i 1? . it. it a ..j Lie Deaien eggs, me mint, uuur ?uu ^ istly, the berries. Bake in small tins fa 1 a quick oven, and when done split ea lie cakes, butter, and serve immediate- d( r" m~ i m A NAME OF NAMES. " "One thing is certain," an affianced >aid announced, with decision, on the ve of her wedding, "my husband shall ever call me 'Mamma.' He may call le Clara, or Mrs. Richard, or even Jay,' but I shall never be called1 Mam- ^ ia,' It is a horrid, impersonal name." ^ We mammas who beard her only miled, and answered nothing at all, )r each of us remembered that she 'as young, and that there was many, m lany tilings that she ,did not know, he did not know that when the sweeteart had changed to the wife, and the M rife to the mother, there comes a wonrous first time. That first time she t eels the downy head nestling under ^ er chin; that first time that she feels ^ tie restless pat, pat of little feet as she. gQ ainly tries to prison them in her hand', _ he learns then that her life has burst ci ito a new and wonderful fullness. In er heart there is kindled the fire of ive, and the incense that arises from ** t glorifies the whole atmosphere, and r? he warmth envelops her and her baby 18 i an everlasting mantle. Then in ?.' he dim light .she sees bending over 01 ter the one that she loves best of all, Mt - - - - m /Yf ad she reaches oat her nana to aim o draw him near, that he, too, may 111 ome within the enchanted circle; that & ic, too, may breathe the sacred incense, eJ nd be warmed by the heavenly fire. ct hying his liand in hers they look to;ether into the new little face, bat no I'ord comes to express the strange c< weet feelings that are surging through X hem both nntil, bending cloee to her, ^ le softly whispers, "Mamma." " It is a baptism. All the sweet, in- ** angible things that have been filling J* ler l?eing have been caught and held m hat word. The world may teem with S nammag, but the name to her has a w lew and sacred meaning. Other names lave been given her; other promises ** lave been made in the giving and in w he taking, but nothing so tender, so ~ strong, so sweet as this, and her whole & leing goes out in a silent promise to & ive up to the sacredness of that name. ** ?Charlotte W. Eastman in the Octo- al her Woman's Home Companion, * The dwelling houses at Johannesburg in the Transvaal, are almost all of iron; galvanized and corrugated iron sides i and roofs, the newer and better ones tl lined inside with brick, and they have brick partitions. The old iron houses 0 are lined with sun-dried bnck or d "dagga" on the inside. The rooms im- c mediately below the roofs are rather b hot in summer and cold in winter. As r a rule all ordinary stores, warehouses b and mine buildings have all wooden u farmework and iron sides and roofs, a The dwelling rooms for white employes a and workmen, if brick, have the walls o finiohor? Thprp are no native f UCUU UUivuvMf _ woods in that part of South Africa I available for building purposes, and ? therefore eveiy piece is imported Small c pieces of the hard and crooked native 8 woods are only used for mine poles and g fence poles. Every tel^raph and tele g phone pole in South Africa is of iron i and imported. A Persian cat which steals pigeon's eggs furnishes the latest curiosity in } feline ways. A Wimborne correspond- c ent of the London Field says that his t cat scales a high garden wall, turns a \ neighbor's pigeons off their nests, ( takes the eggs in its mouth, makes a ] .safe journey back, and lays them at his j master's feet. The writer adds : "At \ this moment I have two on my office ( desk, brought in today. On examining i the eggs, I find two small holes in each , shell, made by the cat's teeth to facili- ] tate easy and safe carriage; beyond j this the eggs are intact. Although , there are many young pigeons ithe cote, some unable to-fly, the cat never , in any way attempts to touch them." The world's greatest marble quarry j is in the State of Vermont. 4 JfARMUNG UN UUKUrUi AJNJL/ XJ* j AMERICA. Each nation has something to learn of other nations, as each farmer has * something to learn of his neighbor. 1 Europe is greatly interested in our various experiments and in our agricultu- J ral bureau, and our agents are careful- * ly observing the improvements going r on abroad. 8 Prof. "W. M. Hayes, who has been in u Europe this summer observing the ag- 8 ricultural schools abroad, says : P "Germany is far ahead of us in for- " estry schools and in a sensible forestry ? system. Her great Forestry School at y Eberswalde, in the pine regions north 11 of Berlin, and the forests managed by its professors, are so well developed that our young men should go there to P complete their forestry education. Germany's other experiment stations ^ ire each much narrower in their scope ei han ours, but some of them are doing J* jood work^ -At Bremen, lor instance, j? here is a station devoted wholly to the ~r itudy of peat lands." Comparing our agricultural schools 113 vith those of Europe, the professor * ays: * . "We have more money and improvenent is going on at a moro rapid rate lere. In some things a few of their ?* Jder institutions have done more, but .. ire are ahead in most things, and our organization is on a broader plan, so re shall soon leave them far behind. . Lmerica's experiment stations and ^ olleges are building up such a vast + cience of agriculture as has not been _i reamed of elsewhere. Our colleges ach have several directors of experi- ' lenls, while in Europe each has only ne director with assistants." c Of the development of the sugar ^ eet Prof. Hayes says : ^ "The breeding of sugar beet seed is ? le most scientific breeding done in ^ le world. Sugar beets now contain ^ lore tlian twice as much sugar per :re as forty years ago. One firm em- p , loys two hundred people for two j, lonths in the winter analyzing mother . fAT? tVtA tfAAwlo AAA/) AMAM 99 # 9 XVI. bUO UCAb jcai Q occu This is interesting in itself, and it ^ iows, moreover, what may be done __j ith other crops; with cotton, with ^ heat, with corn, with berries, toma- j es and various products of the soil. ^ Furthermore, all this gives new inrest and new dignity to life-oil the rm. The world must be fed and fed ^ tch generation more abundantly. To > this work well the farmer must put s mind as well as his strength into i a work, and try each year 16 show ^ me advance in knowledge. i3 [ vid CITY AND FABM WIVES. fro 1 cad the By way of advice to overworked efts , omen, Mrs. William King, a^ren mo town writer, and busy Sunday School ^ id missionary worker, saysjw "For good, wholesome, genuine rest, ve me a visit to some hospitable, TP omy home. To wake in the early ' orning and look out ou a quiet farm- 1 ird is the most restful feeling one can ing :penence. Persons living; in the of iuntry get so accustomed to these ind enes that they are like a great many bee her blessings. We become so use to. pre ceiving them that we don't realize dtu at they are new every morning, and cap > it is with those living in the country ste: those things that most impress a for ty visitor are nothing to them." - am For the farm-wife an occasional little ^ in In ItiA nittr whm hpphnshMld 0AM pre &?T IV VUV ViVJ ^ n ? WWW.... A sell bis crop and buy winter supplies, ^ advisable. This periodical sojourn fro : the farm-wife in the city, and of the of ty woman in the country, makes each sir squainted with the joys and hardship** it 1 ! the other, keeps each from falling wo to nets, and broadens the .vision of siti ich. Each will borrow from the dth- Pn ' some bit of knowledge or quality of ch< laracler that will enable and help her thi keep her home better. The time for tia fe city woman's annual visit to the A: >unty has passed, if we except Thanks- dm iving, when so many city folks flock Soi i the farmstead. But during lall and Fa to early winter, a farmer usually ^ ikes his trip to town, and we suggest tifi * him, the children and "mother" Pu erself, that a little sum of money be its it aside, if possible, for "mother" to go ith "father." It will be a good inestmenl; "mother" wflPcome back oa Ltter qualified to carry another year's Fr ork along cheerily and intelligently, to " husband and children urge the trip, va [other, take it; do not let a false thi jonomy interfere; it is to their interest, hi s well as your own, that you bmsh up na gainst the outside world now t An and thi je how other wives and mothers do of lings. , de m t m du m? Diversified farming pays anywhere. ^ 'he Aiken Journal and Beview tells of <ju lis success m the sandy country: 0f Mr. D. H. Taylor, of Windsor, a ^ ne-arme<l farmer, deserves a great ^ eal of praise and credit for the sue- jD( essful management of his farm. He ^ as almost entirely abandoned the aising of cotton and instead has turned is attention to food products, such as an pland rice, corn, peas, sugar Cane np nd chufas. The latter is a hog food, qJ nd he claims for it that there is no ^ ther food that will fatten hogs so n0 ast, and make them produce so much ^ ard as does the chufas. Her' iaa left j pith us samples of his rice?some leaned and ready for the cook and a ^ heaf as it comes from the field. Both ^ pecimena show up well. Mr. Taylor m ays he has made more than his fam- ^ ly can consume. This is what is said by a dealer who tfa las had many years of experience at in >ne of the greatest horse markets of he country. "Never in the history of iorse raising was there a wider differ- cc nice between plugs and good horses, fc Farmers must give as much thought to C he selection of both dam and sire as eg hey do to the breeding of cattle and w 3ther live stock. A coach horse that eg will bring $300 is as easily raised as a sj plug that wUf bring but $45. Such a ci horse is useful on the farm until the m time when he is ready for the market, a and can be used both to the plow and on ei the wagon. In case he lacks the style li or action necessary to bring a fancy y< price, he is still.a general purpose horse ai and will bring a price that will be pro- s< fitable to the raiser." ri Lsurrx 1AJBSU iuua XLCI/UJ JUI THE BOOM. One of the strongest evidences of he prosperity which in the past twelve nonth8 has become quite general in his country, and the evidence thAt is aost commendable, is the fact that this all almost all the schools and colleges eport a largely increased number of tudents. We note with more pleasre this manifestation of the posses- .v ion of money to spend, among the eople, than any other. We hope that here will be no falling off in this atmdaace, when the wire edge of the oom is off; bat we do not doubt that 1 a year or two the crest of the wave f "good times" will have passed and reaction set in that will be very deceasing. We are not "prophets of evil" and ave no svmDathv with calamitv howl- ? rs, bat it is far better to learn by exerience and not permit oui selves to ise oar heads and do extravagant lings just becavse times are better. . boom is a bad thing for any commnity, and not only individuals bat hole towns have met with backsets, om which it took years to recover, ist because when under boom exciteent thev ran into foolish extravaince. So,' while we commend the :tra spending of money in good times, iat is used for the education of sons id daughters, we would certainly die- % urage the reckless use of money, st because it has become somewhat % sierioget. And above ah we can>n every one not to buy things for ' , iich he has to go in debt. Many a in has been bankrupted who in the citement of prosperity bought land , d other property, for which ne could ly pay a part cash, and went into bt for the balance. Thousands and ausanda of neonle who did this a w years ago, finally had their propersacrificed to pay the unpaid balances im d lost every dollar of cash theyiiad id. Tne wise man who wants to buy her real estate or any other proper will not invest daring a wave of >sperity, but will hold on to his mey, and save all he can while ces are high, and then when the intable drop comes he can bay at f?r tmm rer prices. No doubt this sort of rice is calculated to "throw cUd ter" oo the apparent good times |?| ir prevailing; bat it is far better to conservative and never do things ler the stmfalns of .exdtemefit 11 tat :omea so contagions and hard to re. t when a general indnsrial and comrcial revival sets in. The conntiy itill foil of financial wrecks, ihdl> oal; and corporate, that resulted m the great boom of the last dele, and the way things are shaping mselves, it looks as if then is going be an opportunity for a great many re to be added to the fiat?Unite Farmer and Gardener. !E.PBQXrtI TK)N OF IOTOSO. Dfae estivation of the indigo-jield-' ; plants, including the preparation the indigo color, Is . one of the chief ustriea of Northern India, and has m so from very eariy times. At the sent time this great and ancient ioitry, in which is invested British atal to the extent of many millions ding, and which finds employment * hundreds of thousands of natives 1 many Europeans, la threatened h extinction. In 1860 the apfirial duction of alizarin, the snbbtance 9 mi in toe production oz curzeyzeo, ' - % m anthracine?thia latter a product the distillation of coal tar?deDyed the trade in madder, and now ooka t ery much as if natural indigo old be ousted from its long-held'po- ^ ion gf supremacy, and an artificial >duct, the triumph of the organic ~ ? must, will take its place. Moreover, * s artificial indigo is absolutely idensi with the plant-produced indigo., famous and important firm of color- , ikera, to-wit, the Badishe Anilin and iafabrik, (Baden Analine and Soda ~"x ctory) of Ludwigshafen on the in.e in Germany, has introduced atrial indigo in the highest .state of rity, and at a price which admits of successful competition with the st qualities of natural indigo. % rhis remarkable achievement is the ; ^ tcome of a discovery of the late ofessor Heuman, of Zurich, carried a commercial success by the peraerance and skill of the chemists of is great firm. The chief ingredient this artificial production ot indigo is " ^ pthalene. This substance is one of 3 chief products of the distfiiaiipn coal tar, and in the form of various, rivatives is largely used in the proction of "^dye-stuffs. At the present jment the indigo planters folly reomiw* ihft danger to which tlieir in- ~ stry is exposed by the introduction . this product If the artificial in50 can be produced at a lower price m natural indigo, then the Indian ligo trade will gradually cease to . ^ ist We dhnnot regard such a poesiity without mingled feelings. Speak- t ; as a chemist, the success of such artificial product must be looked on as a great and glorious achieve- ^ rat, but one cannot help wishing at the price of such a victory was >t so great; for the ram of the in{O plantations cannot be otherwise garded than as a national calamity, "3| lichmay have the most far-reaching nsequences, bat the indigo growers, % they can improve their methods oI anufacture so as to obtain better v elds of <ylor, will be able also to reice their prices, and in this question cost is the kernel of the nut, winch e champions of artificial and natural '$ digo have to crack. V Sallie Joy White when telling young yoke how to prepare various delicacies ir invalids in October Woman's Home ompanum gives this simple recipe for / g-nog: "To make an egg-nog yon ill separate the white and yolk of one jg, and beat the yolk with one table* >oonfulof sugar nntfl it is light and reamy; add to this one half cupful of ^ ilk, then beat the white of the egg to . , , foam and stir it lightly into the beata yolk, sogar and, milk- It is a de- g&j coos and nourishing drink. Tiyit oureelf some day when von are hungry i-M ad tired even if yon don't call your- ~ slf an invalid, and see if I am not '-J W - 3j