Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE LOSS pF AN OLD FRIEND j i ?? : HAD KNOWN HIM FIFIY YEARS. I Bill Arp Pays a Fine Tribute to an , Esteemed Friend?His Office Was a Favorite Place in Atlanta. " Friend after friend departs. Who has not lost a friend?" I don't know what word the next mail will bring, but I expect that my old friend is dead. For more than fifty years George Adair and I have been friends?good friends. He was always giad to meet me and hold my hand tight and long, and smiled a j pleasant greeting. Of late years we} nave drawn closer together, for we i '?X' knew that we were approaching the r- goal, and that but few of us were left. The memuries of old men are sweet, but they are sad, and it was a comfort to George and to me to get close together ad oft as I visited Atlanta and commune about old times and the old ?v people who have passed away. He was never gloomy nm did he ever bring a cloud to darken the sunshine of our meeting. Where shall I go now for comfort when I visit the Gate City ? Where will Evan Howell go ? Yes, I: was a college boy when Georgq Adair was conducting the first train that ever ran into Atlanta. I traveled with him sometimes, ana since then our warm friendship has been unbroken. His warm Scotch blood. be$t mo.e kindly to his friends as the yeai*e roMed on. He was as frank as be was genial. He had opinions and convictions, and did not suppress them to curry favor with anybody. His life,was an. open book, ana everybody who knew him at ail knew him well. A stranger would diagnose him in 1 1* ?? 1 * Cin/iarlfu _ MM I oa uuur 9 U/Uvoi sauuu. uiuwi ..j was his mostr striking characteristic ; Scotchmen are always sincere ; they nerer dodge responsibility. I don't know -^whether George carried auy | " Indian blood or not, but his uncles did. The Adairs of Cherokee were close akin to him, and they were half-breeds or quadroons, and all went west with the tribe in 1836. Their descendants are out there now, for I take an Indian -paper and see their names among the leaders. It is singular how those Scotchmen mated with the Indian maidens early in this century, and every one of them wanted a chief's daughter, and generally got her. When the old chiefs died these Scotchmen just stepped into their places and groomed the tribes, and so did their sons after them. There was no English pr Irish or French in it: the Scotch alone had secured the Indians' reepect and confidence. There was Boss and Ridge and Mcintosh and Mcr Gill vary and Barnard and Vann and many others who became chiefs or sub-chiefs and governed all or a division of the tribe. Osceola was the son of a Scotch trader. I suspect that George Adair had a strain of Cherokee blood in his veins, and it made a good cross?my wife thinks it does, and is proud to trace her Indian blood back R.* to Bocahontas through the Holts and Bolings and Randolphs; wherever you find it it is dominant; I can prove thai by myself and my sons-iD-law?" Wo man rules nere*' is wnai me roostei says when he crows in this family, bu! she rules well. I told Uncle Sazr yesterday to clean out the pit wher he got through cutting wood. Wher 1 got bacic from town it was almosl ^ night, and he was raking ali arounc the back yard ahd burning up the ac cumulated litter and trash. " Uncle Sam," said I, " I told you to clean ou1 . the pit, for 1 must put seme of the fiowera in there, I'm afraid it will fros! tonight." The old man raked on and aaid: "She tole me to do dis," and he never got to the pit at all. But mj wife came out and explained, and Asaid the back yard looked so dread had and she knew that the pi1 coulchwait a day or two and it waseni going to frost no how, and so forth and of course I surrendered?1 always cio, but I've get to clean out that pii I remember when George Adaii and J. Henry* Smith started a news paper in Atlanta, called The Southerz Confederacy. 1 wrote for it sometime* just to give our boys some comfort and our enemies some' sass. When th< foul invader rait my numerous wife and offspring out of Rome I wrote ol it on the wing, or the fly, and told ho* we passed "Big John" on the way and he was driving a steer with the steer's tail drawn through a hole iz the dashboard and the end tied up iz a knot. I indicted a small poem to hie memory, and gave the mournful elegj to xny friend Smith, and he "published it; George had got ak fired up before this and Joined General Forrest's cavalry. He proved to be a greal favorite with Forrest, and as the admiration was mutual he named hie next boy after the general, and il sticks to him yet I told George some time ago that in Appleton's biography of Forrest, which was said to be written by Colonel Jordan, his adjutant general, it was recorded that he was very illiterate, and that his dispatch ? J tk. At 171 . D:ll . wmwiuwu^ tu? ibu ui ?urk x iiiun nae j?. still preserved at Washington, and read as follows: "We basted the fort atninerclock and shattered the niggers. My men isstillacelianemin the woods. Them Kas was cotched with spoons and brestpins and sicb we kilt. The rest was payroid and told to git." George was indignant when I showed h,\m a copy of it and declared that it was some devilish lie that was made up 011 Mm. I know," said he, " that Forrest was no scholar, but he never spelled that had. 1 have letters from us that I know he wrote, and while he mis-spelled some words, they were fairly well written.. 1 don't believe that Colonel Jordan wrote any such thing about Forrest. Some of these biographers are just like some newspaper reporters. If they can't hear a &1. lie they scratch their heads and make one just for a sensation." If George dies from this stroke, and I reckon he will, where will I go to while away an hour with a friend. His office in the Kimball was so convenient and his chairs so comfortable and his welcome so cordial that I will feel lost when I visit Atlanta. The boys wont have time or inclination to - talk to me. It was the rendezvous of other valued friends like Dr. Alexander and Evan Howell and J. Henly Smith and Cousin John Trasher and the Confederate veterans generally. But George was the chief attraction, VIA AAnt^N Af onoAo Ho txtqc Q fwion^ 9Ug WUI^l Vi UW TT?g o 11 AViAU in need and a friend indeed. He granted his favors with cheerfulness and a willing heart. Sometimes I wanted an indorser on a bank note for a few dollars and he alw&j-s said: "Yes, yes, my friend, of course I will." If i shall ever need one again I will | not know where to go. I have a thousand good friends in Atlanta, but they are not of that kind. I was ruminating about the diference between his domestic surroundings and my own. He dies at home with wife and all his children at his bedside. His eyes can look upon them all, and perhaps his ears can hear their loving voices. But my wife and 1 are living out our days in sad apprehension of the coming stroke, for four of our dear boys are far away?too far to reach us even at the call by telegraph?one in New York, one in Texas, one in Florida " and the baby boy, as his fond mother calls him, is 3,000 miles away in Mexico. This is the hardest part of UfA?these scattered children. Suo pose that one of the unmarried ones should approach the door of death and his earnest telegram should be for his ; P mother to come to his bedside and g soothe his last moments, what could she do but stay at home and weep? Oh, for another life in another world where all is love without affliction or grief or separation. Farewell, good friend. I would that you might be spared to us yet awhile? spared to read your own epitaobs ^.od to rcaliz? what a noble life is worth to a man. Would that the rising generations might learn a lesson from vour example. The approach of our dissolution is very stoalthy. When last I saw my friend he was as bright and geniai as a boy and showed no sign of failing health. T thought that he would outlive me, for nowadays I get tired and when the night comes I am the first to seek my bed. Yesterday I was busy planting out strawberry plants, and it was bending work and ever and anon I had to straighten up lowly and carefully for fear something would break or hitch or give way, and then I would try it agaiD. I can't hold out like I used to. What's the matter with me. anyhow? Why should I '3 XRT k xt cV>rmlrtr?rit-. a hpaithv wear uuu . it uj auuuiuuu> h ???-w?j man live on and on ? If he has got to die, why dont he die all over at once and turn to dust like the one-horse shay ? Why should the heart get sick when all the rest is well ? I reckon we will all know by waiting. This morning I went out early to peruse my new strawberry patch aad sure enough there had been a dozen dogs in there last night, and they held a carnival and. a circus and played base- and tag and maddog all over my pretty beds, and tore up a lot of my j plants, and now I am not- calm and serene, and my wife wont let me put out strychnine, for she says it lent fair nor neighborly, and so I have got to stretch more wire along the fence. There are about forty dogs within easy reach of my house and they are no account? For in this town more dogs are found Than ever you did see. Both mongre'l, puppy, whelp and hound And dogs of low degree. Confound 'em?dogon 'em. Bill Arp. THE CRUELTIES OF WAR. The Monument to Mosby's Men i Memorial of Yankee Brutality. The Washington correspondent o the New York Evening Post says thai the recent dedication of a shaft a Front Royal in the Shenandoah Valley to seven of Mosby's men who were ex ecuted by the Federal^ authorities dur ing the civil war, has, in a way, j bearing upon the much disputed q'ues tion whether or not our soldiers hav< been committing atrocities in th< Philippines. Several weeks ago i member of the cabinet, talking witl your correspondent concerning the re ports which were then coming from thi Philippines in the shape of soldiers letters gave his opinion that the ex planation was found in the fact that al war is full of brutality and ruffianism He thought it very probable that th' American soldiers in the Philippine bad on occasions treated with cruelt; and revengefulness more or less in nocent persons. He called attentioi to the fact that Southern communitie are to this day full of accounts of th same sort of conduct on the part of in vading armies from the North that i now charged against our soldiers i the Philippines. The exteDt to whic this feeling continues in the South i a surprise to every Northern travele in that section. Local newspapers t this day rehash stories of crueltj brutality and wantonness on the par oi Northern invaders, showing tha such recollections are still vivid, i man who could clip all such reference from Southern newspapers, especiall those printed in the smaller cities would be surprised at the mass of a loiratinna whioh would come to him i L ? , a month s time. t The rearing of this shaft at Fron [ Royal is a concrete example of thi general feeling throughout the South ) The inscription on its face asserts tha . these seven men were executed whil \ prisoners of war, which is a plain vie [ lation of all the laws of war. It is a ? if the inscription should read : "Ereci ed to commemorate the cruelty of th ' Northern invaders of the war of 1861 [ 65." Of course, the reasons which th Federal authorities had for takin . sharp measures with Mosby's raider seemed at the time valid. It was a par of war. .These reasons will in time b J forgotten, while the cruelty of th . thing itself will be perpetuated in ei : -during granite. : The monument is thirty-five feet i ! height^ resting on a pedestal five fee square, and located on the brow of r hill overlooking the town, and at th ' head of a flight of terraced stone step: | The people of Front Royal will prot ably look upon it much as the statu \ of Nathan Hale is viewed in N6w Yor | city, with the exception that Hale' I execution was strictly in accord witi the laws of war, while the Southeri people always maintain that this wa ; not. ' It seems that on the 23rd of Septem ' ber, 1864, the company of Mosby's com ; mand to which these men belonged at ' tacked a wagon train just south o ; Front Royal. They were surprised ti find that they had encountered a largt Federal force, a part of Custer's bri 1 gade. In the sharp fight th?t followei 1 these seven men were captured. It ha< been charged that Mosby's men ha< 1 fired on Union ambulances, and hai otherwise conducted themselves with out regard to the proprieties of war and hence the severity of their punish ment. Three of these seven men wer< shot near where they were captured two were hanged on a walnut tree north of Front Royal; the sixthRhodes, a 17-year-old boy?was, ac cording to the Southern narrative dragged through the streets by tw( nonal?nman Kafriva kia mAt.hai> ark/ V0TCIA1 TUAVU UViVi V MAO U4VWMVI ) ?* U\ begged piteously for his life, and thez he was shot. The seventh man w&i hanged about six miles away. In re taliation Mosby ordered to be shot an equal number of Custer's men whoir he had taken prisoners. The message that the Robert E. Lee camp of Confederate veterans at Richmond telegraped to the exercises is significant, thirty-five years after the close of the war. It was this: "R. E.Lee camp sends greetings, and heartily commends the honor you do this day to your brave comrades, martyrs to the cause of constitutional liberty." The Limestone School of History.?The trustees of Limestone College have determined to established as a feature of their institution a department of history, in which, without neglecting other branches of the subject, particular attention will be paid to the history of the Southern States. It is proposed to make Limestone College a center of historical investigation. A large historical library is being rapidly provided, arrangements have been made to iecure instruction of the highest character by men trained in university methods of original research and the fruits of the studies made both by professors and graduated students will be published by the college in a series of historical monogiaphs. A beautiful hall of history.will be erected for this department, which will be called the Winnie Davis School of History. The institution believes that no tribute could be devised more acceptable to the Daughter of the Confederacy. President Lee Davis Lodge has laid the plan before Mrs. Jefferson Davis and has received from her a full indorsement of the project. The matter will be pushed with vigor. ?The first cotton mill in Kansas will soon commence operations in Independence. The mill building is 200 by 60 feet in dimensions, and was donated by the citizens. The plant will manufacture thread and yarn. Cloth factories are expected to follow. The erection of this mill means an impetus to cotton raising in Kansas, and the cotton acreage next year will be increased several times. ?Corn brought from Porto Rico and planted in .Visconsin in June has reached a height of nearly 14 feet. A NEW PUN OF CAMPAIGN. The Navy Will Be Used More Large!j to End the War in the Philippines. The ^ending of additional war vessel: to ihe Philippines means the prosecu tiou of a definite policy in the subjuga tion of the islands. Experience ha made it apparent that an itnrrtensi ari iv would have to be maintained an< th: l it would take a long time to scou thL is'crds and clean out all the rebels If the islands were swept across b; our army like a prairie fire the insur rection might spring up again behini the devastating column, as it has in al the operations in the past. To pu down the rebellion in all parts of th islands and establish a perfect peac would be. it is believed, the work of long period of time. The complet subjugation is expected to be ac complished, therefore, by t-lower at proaches, each advance being mad permanent. By the co-operation of the increase naval force it is proposed to establis and maintain the authority of th United States in the seaport cities an towns, and then to gradually advanc into the interior, establishing the go^ ernment authority at various impo tant points as it can be maintainei The great difficulty in the past ht been that towns being captured ha^ afterward teen abandoned and reo cupied by the insurgents, so that tt advance of American authority has n< been commensurate with the oriliiant of tae operations of our military foice It is anticipated that with the co-ope ation of the navy the authority of tt government can be established in t? > sea ports, the source of supplies cut < from the insurgents, good and liber civil government given the peop within the spheres of occupation ai the confidence of the natives under o immediate influence secured, whi the insurgents will be crowded back ? J t.i bQO iiibonur auu jiuohj un>&u ? 1 wilderness, as it were, and reduced the condition of the North Americ f Indian tribes if rot compelled to yie I at once. t When this government occupies t seaports and the important towns ne ' the coast it will be felt that the s . thority of the government over the i lands can be regarded as establish* . though rebel baods may still roa a through the interior and bid defiau > at a distance. In this work the na 1 is expected to be effective, the authi 2 ity of government being easily ma tained in every place that can be p B under the guns of our war vesse j? This once accomplished, it is believ . that the example of kindly intenti 1 and the experience of go d govei ment will speedily win the confider o and loyalty of the natives, and that t g good report of the beneficence ofi Y new government will spread abrc ' and incline those who are sufferi r the privations of the insurrection 3 accept the new and better order e things. t. This does not signify the abandi g ment of the forward march of the n my, but means the firm fixing of g h eminent authority as it advances. 3 is intended to make the seaports oi r and then to close :n upon the ins 0 gents as rapidly as conditions adn r clearing up the rebellion and holdi everything taken as the army advani ^ until the insurgents are crowded ii ^ the narrowest possible limits &Dd pei IS and good government is establish y wherever the American flag is plant l" The Grandmother's Birthday n It is charged by some foreigners w visit this country that Americans i less deferential to the aged than i 8 the people of other countries. It ' certain that we might learn somethi * from the simple peasants of the Ty e in regard to giving the aged the 1< > ing and dutiful homage to which th s declining years entitle them. An i t- change gives the following from a p ? vate letter : 1-* "The morning of our arrival ? were awakened by the sound of a v 5 lin and flutes under the window, a: '8 hurryiDg down, we found the lit 't house adorned as for a feast?garlai ? over the door and wreathing the hi ? chair which was set in state. i- "The table wa3 already cover with gifts, brought by the young p n pie whose music we had heard. T whole neighborhood were kinsfo 6 and these gifts came from uncles ? ? cousins in every far off degree. Tt J. were very simple, for the donors t ) poor?knitted gloves, a shawl, a basl ? of flowers, jars of fruit, loaves of brei k but upon all some little message of le 8 was pinned. h 44 Ts there a bride in the house : a asked of my landlord. 8 44 4Acb, nein I' he said. 'We do r make such a pother about our you i- people, it is our grandmother's bin l" day.' r 44 The grandmother, in her 9pec cles, white apron and high velvet a * was a heroine all day, sitting in sti 8 to receive visits, and dealing out slit * from a sweet loaf to all who came. 3 could not but remember certain grar 1 mothers at home, just as much lov i as she, probably, but wbose dull, a i lives were never brightened by a - such pleasure as this, and I thoug ? that we could learn much from the * poor mountaineers." 3 ?A special dispatch to the Atlan . .Journal says that Washington Coucl . Ga., has the champion cotton pick in the South. His name is Mr. Jol > Doolittle, who, however, did a gre > deal when he picked 487 pounas i ueed cotton. He did this last week i the place of Mr. J. F. Webster, ne . Tabernacle, six miles west of TennilJ i For several years past he has unde t taken the task of beating the record John Simmons, of Washington Count t Mississippi. This man held the r . cord of 460 pounds in a day. It is a p i culiar coincidence that both of tl i champion pickers should hail fro ( counties by the same name in differei States. Mr. Doolittle is proud of ti i record be has made, and he has evei right to be. - Spartanburg is soon to have ? afternoon paper, which has stroc financial backing and will be direct* by gentlemen wno have had much e: perieoce in the business. Tne pap< is to be known as " The Evening Tel gram," and the capital 6tock will t $5,000. The corporators are Jas. Ci field, John Bomar, W. E. Maddon. M Gibson Catlett, who has been a su< cessful newspaper man, is to be editc and manager. Mr. Hickmoh Striblin is to oe city editor and will probabl illustrate some of his local news, as b is an eograver, while Mr. J. B. Gwyn will have charge of the circulation d< partmeni. Those familiar with tb newspaper situation in Spartanbur say that there is a good opening fc such a paper. ? Opinion among leading men i Wasnington is decidedly against th United States offering mediation be tween Great Britain and the Sout African republic. Tne Transvaal ha no foreign re'ations except th^oug! Great Britain and technically any ol fer from the United StateB to mediat might be regarded as interference i the internal affairs of British empire in much the same way as the olfe from a European power to mediate b. t ween the United States and Aguinald might be considered an interferenc in the internal affairs in the Unite* States. ?" We do not claim," says the Port lan'3, Me., Advertiser, "to*be the big gest printers and publishers in th< world, but we do claim to have tb< biggest 'devil' in this country in ou; office. He is Robert Blancnard, o Hinsdale, N. H., and when he is ir good trim weighs 406 pounds, but he ii a little thin this summer and now weighs 362 pounds. He is only If years old, and holds the medal for champion heavy weight bicyclist, having gained considerable notoriety ir this line." | WHERE PAT GOT HIS LIQUOR. J ; j i The Judge Found Out After a Period . ot Considerable Questioning. j j I On one election day, a great many I j 3 I years ago, a certain town in a State i-i i , " | which the local option law was opera- j . tive voted against granting license i ) , 3 sell intoxicating liquors. In the yetr ' ? that followed the authorities were it * defatigable in their tlforis to detect r and put a stop to illegal traffic., and ' one o their methods was to question ? these who were before the court for ' drunkenness as to where they had ob* tained the necessary material. It be- j 1 stroma iVio r>natr?m t.n a?lr thfi man on i Ck LU U VU V V WU?v M w tov.? w _ ' trial, " Where did you get your e liquor g" He was generally given to e understand, particularly if his case a had mitigating cireustacces, tbat a f frank answer would gain him clem5" ency. Sometimes, if there was no pre)m vious conviction against him, it earned him his discharge. One morning there appeared before ? the magistrate two coal men, who k wore the blackened garments in which ? they hftd been working all the day bed fore, and to all appearances had been j :e taken from their team by officers who j 7~ apprehended them. Neither had a rer~ cord, and, of course, their clothes in themselves were evidence that they 13 had steady employment, and under orre dinary conditions were hard working c" citizens. The judge intimated that if ie they would.ten where they had ootained the beverages tbat had brought 5y them into trouble he wouid Jet them s* go. They were not familiar with j r* police court methods, and the meaning j ie of the judge's words dawned on them j slowly, but simultaneously. Tney I *? looked at each other quickly, and eacn ! a gave a little snicker, which ho immediately hushed up in a shamefaced | way. Then they scratched their heads n ? >.?_i , i ., . , I ? i * orroin o rvH ana ICOKeU ail CJUiU UJUV. ugt*j.u, UUU ,e eaca put his hand before his face to *0 hide a smile. h? "Come," said the judge, " where did t0 you get your liquor ?" an One of ihe prisoners nudged the other, and the other nudged back. " Go on, tell," whispered one. he ??No, you," said the other, ar Why, yt see, y'r honor," said one l.u" of them," it was this way: Mike and is- me wint out yestherday with a load o' coal, and lo! and behold you, it chanced Lm that we .^ad to take it to?ye see, we ice was on the load o* coal, and when we vy arrived at the house where it was ?r* goin', why, thin, we?" Here he ln" stopped. >ut "Oh, come," said the judge, "speak up. You other one, see if you Can't e(* tell about it." on ?? Well, y'r honor," said the other rn" one, "it was just as Pat was sayin.' ice wint out with the load o' coal, and k? whin we got there, why?y'r honor said, didn't ye, that we'd be discharged 'ac* if we told where we got it ?" og "I did say so,"said the judge, "but you must tell it pretty quick if you ?* want to get off. I can't spend all the morning over you. Leave out the coal, 3n* that has nothing to do with it." ar* " Beggin' y'r honor's pardon, it has ?Y" thet," 6aid Mike, gathering courage with a rush. " Ye see, it #as this way: Jr8 We had to carry the coal to y'r honor's u.r" cellar, an' while there we was kind of lookin' 'round innocent like, and it so Dg happened that we?er-as I was sayin' ces before, we was in y'r honor's cellar, a to an>? toe " That will do," said the judge ied quickly. "You are discharged." m, ?. ? . i : ,? t,w* mey went uu tueir way it ' ? He Had Enough of it.?A farmer rho who was possessed of some means tn*fe teied the ?office of his county paper and ?re asked for the editor is The farmer was accompanied by his son, a youth of seventeen years, and as r?l soon as the editor, who was in his secret sanctum, was informed that his Qir visitors were Dot bill collectors be came forward aDd shook hands. >ri- ?I came ter git some information," explained the farmer, we "Certainly," said the editor, "and io- y0ll came to the right place. Be Q(h seated." tl? The farmer 6at on one end of the taJds ^le> while his eon sat on the flier, gh ' xhie boy o' mine," he said, <; wants ter go into the literary business, an' >e(* I thought you'd know ef thar wuz any 90" money in it or not. It's a good busi'he ne83i ain't it ?? Ik, ? Why? yes," said the editor, after nd some hesitation. " I've been in it myieS self for fifteen years, and you see where tre i?ve g()t to." ctt The farmer eyed him from head to foot, glanced around the poorly fur)ve nished office, surveyed the editor once more, theD, turning to his son, who was '' I still on the fl K)r, said : "Git up, John, an' go home, an' ?0 >ot back ter ploughin'!" No Longer a Virtue.?The Steuta ben Republican says that a janitor in a m neighboring school threw up his job Lte the"other day. When a&ked what was jgg the trouble he answered : "I'm honest, and I won't stand being id- slurred. If I find a pencil or a handed kerchief about the school when I'm ad sweeping I hang it up. Every little while the teachers or someone that is ht too cowardly to face me gives me a 8e slur." ; " In what way ?" asked an officer. " Why, a little while ago I saw written on the board, 'Find the common lta multiple.' Well, I looked from garret to cellar and I wouldn't know the thing if I met it in the street. What made me quit my job ? Last night in at big writin' ou the blackboard it said: of 'Find the greatest common divisor.' at Well, I says to myseif, both them ar darned things are lost now, and I'll get [?? blamed for swiping 'em, so I'll quit." sr- of y, ?The city authorities of Pittsburg j e- recently gave permission to the Rev. e- Edward S. Young, a reputable clergyle man, to hold religious services in the m public parks on Sunday. At a meetQt ing the other day of the Pittsburg ie Presbytery a resolution was adopted v " condemning the efforts of the park officials and uthers to draw crowds, unkn der whatever pretext, secular or relig,p. ious, to places of public resort on the Lord's day." k- ?The Vanderbilt mausoleum at New jr Dorp is doubly guarded night and day e- since Cornelius Vanderbilt's burial. >e There nave always, at all hourB, been o- two men watching the tomb. Now r. four guards, effectively armed, are c- stationed where they can see the tomb )r and ali who approach it without being g seen ^thems.ives. They are relieved y at regular intervals in such manner as - nn. Qvnitn atlantinn Tn o.rl rl i firm ?. lC liUU VU CAVUV MVWVUV4VU. AU MMM4W4VM M n gardener works at a seemingly endless 2- job in a space around the tomb. ? ?The attendance at the University S of Virginia this session promises to j ,r break all records since the war. Already ove?* 600 young men have matrin culated at the University, and, taking e previous sessions as a criterion, this i- number will be increased to at least h 700 in a few w. eks. Never in tne his,s tory of the University has tno standard 1 been higher or the faculty been larger [- or more competent for the discharge e of the important duties assigned to n them. !> ?Prof. Totten, formerly a lieutenr ant in the army, but lor the past lew " years a professional prophet of the end 0 of the world, is out with a new predice tion. He says that the infant son of * the Dike of York is destined to gather , the Jews from the four quarters of the ; earth and to unite them under his ban- , ner- I i 3 ?firm pressman Latimer has sent in i 2 his check for $12, the value of the | r book case he got from the Siate peoi- j . * tentiary. It was turned over to the | 1 four bondsmen of Colonel Neal, who j( 3 have had to r>ay the amount to the J r State. ( ?It's all well enough to call things 1 by their right names, but there are ! ? ' timrs when it should be done In a 11 whisper. ^ RIGHT USE OF PUBLIC MONEY, j; "All wealth is produced by labor, in i its broadest sense, applied to-land, in | its broadest sense. Money is law made, j or created by law. The man who bor-1 rows money at interest must not only j stand the total loss by consumption, or I ths partial los* by wear and use, of the wealth purchased with the money, returning therefor an equal quantity of new wealth, but he must also part with an additional quantity annually of the products of his labor, for the use of the wealth that he must return unused. Thus the borrower stores for the lender his perishable goods, wares and commodities for a term of years, preserves them from rot and rust and the wear 01 time, ana pays an annum iriuiueiui the privilege of doing so." Xo philosopher ever wrote greater truths than these, or expressed them in better language; and we do not wonder that the article is finding a place in so many thousands of our exchanges, where its sentiments will receive thoughtful consideration by many milliors of the people. "Money is inert and unproductive and creates no wealth. All wealth is produced by labor. Intres! gives to the owners of Don productive mon3y an annual portion of the wages rightfully belonging to the producing workers. Men who have large sums of money at interest, simply own a number of laborers who must labor to amass wealth for him who thus has his money loaned out. The savings deposits of the people, which is the fund for sickness, old age and other contingencies, should be taken care of in banks owned and operated by the Government, which should guarantee their sure return and loan them to borrowers at a rate of interest barely sufficient to pay the Expenses of the banking system, thus destroying usury or interest, accursed nf find and the nurse of humanitv." There is the whole sum and substance, the philosophy and justice, of the proposed system of Postal Savings , Bants, expressed in clean cut, concise language that he who runs can read and understand. We shall not attempt to add a single word to the argument, because no living man can make it clearer or more forcible. But we do want our readers to preserve this arj tide, and study it, and talk about it to i their neighbors and friends?and thus | start the ball to rolling. If we expect j good to come we must act as well as I read and think; and we mast send men to the Legislatures and to Congress who are filled and saturated with a Jeff j ersoninn spirit of justice and fairness i to men cf all conditions, so that practi : cal action may come soon. The people j must demand the right to issue and | use their own money,* the inlerest acj cruing to the public instead of a few ; favored individuals; and they must not i only demand, but act, so that theii | wishes will materialize into law. But please do not misunderstand us. We make no war on capital. The rich man is entitled to the full use and ben ; efit of every dollar that he has hon^stI ly earned or accumulated, aDd we j would fight for his rights as quickly and j as earnestly as we would for those of ; the poor man. But neither the rich nor ! the poor should be permitted to enjoy unfair advantages over the other. God created men and put them here on an equal footing. More than this, He created Mau in His own image, and when we wrong Man we commit an outrage on the personality of God. We fly in j the face of the Creator, and whether ! He resents the wrong here or not, He j most assuredly will in a future state. } No man can escape the wrong that he I does to his fellowmen. Interest or j "rents" for the use of the public's j medium of circulation, and tbe profits ! arising from the ownership and opera: tion of public utilities, will pay all Ihe 1 expenses of the Government, support ! all our schools, build and sustain all j our hospitals and elleemosynary institi utions, reduce labor to a maximum of eight hours per day, and create and sustain a thousand new comforts apd j blessings for the people not even I dreamed of at the present time. And this system will forever do away with the occupation of the tax gatherer. It will also relieve woman of the burden J that now rests upon her; it will take I ber out of the factory and the work' shop and put her in the Home, as j Queen of Love, where she belongs. It I will enable young men and women to ! marry and have homes of theii own, I and rear families of honest and intel | ligent citizens, as God intended they | should do. All of those things can be ! gained by Ihe simple enforcement of justice between man and man. The capitalist as well as the poor man will be happier and more contented. The capitalist can invest his money in guaranteed securities, and receive his untaxed "hire" for the public's use of his money. He will then have a definite, fixed income, secured by public franchises worth a thousand times the value of his capital, and protected by the pledged faith of the whole nation. Then he can fold the drapery of his couch about him and lie down to peaceful dreams, undisturbed by the fear of hostile legislation or the nightmare of insatiate gretd. All these things are coming to pass, because they are right, and God has decreed ' that justice shall rale the world!? Mississippi Valley Democrat. WHY BOYS LEAVE THE FARM. The journals of oui country, published for the fai mer class, have written much pertaining to the question, " Why boys leave the farm," and as this is a serious proposition, considering that j the future of the farm depends upon ' the brain and muscle of her present) boys, the press can not say too much upon the subject. The growth of our towns and cities has been rapid, wilhin the past decade, and as this development has grown in the field of industries, the compensai iDg features of pleasures and amusements have kept up in a corresponding ratio. With the introduction of quick transportation from the farm to the city, it is very natural that the "farmers' boy" should desire to penetrate further into the wonders, wrought by civilization, beyond his little community. The first contact with the restless city, gives birth to an excitement hitherto undeveloped, and the fields and their harvests grow wearisome in proportion as the possibilities seem to brighten, as the boy looks on, ami very often right here is where he loses the art of industry, and the farm the profit of his labor to the family. Many ideas have been exploited upon this exodus of youth, but the following clipped from an exchange, is one of the best we have seen: "How did 1 keep my boys on the farm and make prosperous farmers out ] )f them ? I'll tell you. I gave them ' ill the education they could get at out 1 hstrict school, then two terms at a 1 ligh school, where they took only just 1 ;uch studies as would prove usefui to ( hem, and I made them full partners ; j vith me on the farm. They received ( an equal share of the income, and paid their proportion of the expenses. "When one married I gave him forty acres of j Sj my quarter section, and built him a I little house on it, for which he paid me Si afterward. The others were treated in like manner. We arc all doing well on " our forties. At the beginning of each J-c year we each put up ?10, to be given as a premium to the one that makes the most clear profit that year. We are reading and studying and learning " anu improving all the time, aud we are a unit in the belief that a farm is better than a kingdom, and the farmer the u most independent mau on earth." ji THREE ACRES A2sD A COW. ? When Mr. Gladstone and the liberal j j party was carried into power in Eng- j land in 1885, no one had more to do ^ with it than Jesse Collings, member of Parliament, and his famous phrase "Three acres and a cow." 0 Mr. Collings has recently come to the ? United States for a pleasure trip. Willie resi ana recreaiion are ms main ; j objects here, he will make serious oh-1 servations of Americau conditions in [ ? marv sections of the land before returning to his home, j ^ Mr. Collings is one of the interesting ( figures in English politics. Ilis fine 1 r face, surrounded by gray, bushy wh;sk-' ers and hair, shows well the warm- j hearted, kindly character he possesses. 11 All over England he is known as the j, laboring man's friend, and especially i * as the friend of the agricultural classes, j Through iiis mother he sprang directly ! ( fiom the ranks of the farm laborers, |. and in all his subsequent career as lich merchant, mayor of Birmingham, mem- , ber of parliament and government' official, he has kept the interests of I, those humble people close to his heart. 1! That phrase, "Three acres and a ! cow," which Ts usually thought of when ! Mr. Coding's name is mentioned, was ! firs- breathed forth by him as a pious aspiration when he was campaigning as Mr. Gladsto *e's lieutenant. It express- ! ed what he wished caulsi be granted by allotment to etery p.opertyless family of agricultural laborers in England. It was taken by the laborers themselves, however, to express the distinct prom- j ise of the Liberal party to them in case of success in the elections. It is hardly too much to eay that the. same belief was the direct cause of the success that did come to the Liberals. Mr. Codings was not the man, howex er, to let the laborers' hopes be dis-1 appointed. His famous small holdings resolution soon followed, and it was the foundation of the allotment act, which * ^ * ir? I1US Siriveu LLlULiy it lUltU UlOlllCl lu juiugland from ruin. The resolution npset Lord Salisbury's government and made Mr. Collings an under secretary in Mr. Gladstone's third ministry. THE FARMER'S TRAINING. In a letter to the Southern I*arni . Magazine one of its readers, who has , for years studied the needs of Southern ! farmers, writes as follows: "The great and pressing nee'1 is tor an educated intelligence to direct in the farm and field; for a man is no more born a farmer than a doctor, lawyer or machinist. A little fund of practical information started 111 the school room . will set minds to work that may have i no awakening otherwise. So important . is this small foundation that it should be a sine qua non in the public school ed ucation. 'J'here should be less of crami ming with something else, if necessary, to secure it. We must have a change? a system for the schools that will ac tually meet the educational needs of ( those confined to them; otherwise we ; can continue in the old ruts until the . farmer sinks hopelessly into the posit, ion of the hewer of wood for which his ; intelligence will abundantly fit him." * Commenting upon this the Southern , Faim Magazine says: Tliis is jin oat nest nlea for an adaDta tion of the instruction of the public schools of the South, particularly in the lower grades, to the needs of those who constitute the greatest number of pupils. It does not imply, necessarily that the public schools are to be turned into agricultural colleges, but that their teachings shall be such that the minus of the pupils may be directed into channels which will enable them to secure a firm foundation for their life woik. The trouble has been that organizers of public school systems have been too prone to adopt almost bodily methods which may have succeeded in other localities where the needs are entirely different from those of their own. In this way the objects of education have been defea.ed. Children have been taught to accumulate a mass of stuff of no value at all, and if their minds have been given any bent, it has been from the direction in which they might find happiness and comfort. Our correspondent has the correct position, and his numbers should increase in the South. It would be a good plan for all poultry raiseis to have a few guinea fowls about their poultry premises, says Poultry Herald. They are hardy, gocd natured and beautiful. It is well ! to keep them as tame as possible, and j always have them around the home, as they make an excellent "watch dog," . their shrill cry frightening away hawks , and other marauders. They will live . and prove profitable for eight or ten years, and no farm should be so crowd- ! ed but that it could make room for at least one pair of them. They destroy , a vast amount of insects, and clean the , fields of seeds that would otherwise go J to waste, costing almost nothing to raise, acd no better meat can be found * in the poultry line, unless it be the turkey. * An Ohio farmer named Charles c Schaffer is now the possessor of a fine ^ artesian well, the result of an unsuc- T cessful attempt to bore for oil. Re- p cently Mr Schaffei pulled the plug and c flooded several acres of his land to re- a vi\c his d)ing pastuie. In a few days p lie and his neighbors were astonished b to see his temporary lake filled with v myriads of little fish from two to four inches long, which proved to be black bass of the finest kind. Their origin is a mystery, as there is not a creek, river or pool of water within two miles [y and no one can explain their sudden ? appearance. The well flows 20,000 o: barrels of puie clear water a day, and ? Mr. Schaffer has decided to dam his p pasture and turn it into a permanent tl fishpond. oi The Carolina Spartan says that oats ai sown in October is one of the surest r< crops we can raise. Unless the winter st weather is unusually seveie, freezing ui the ground three to five inches, the re- m ' f ttTL . ii. suits are always satisiacior*,. vv nen uj the year is very good, nothing pays m better than a winter oat crop. There le is no excuse for not getting the seed ec in this month. From ail reporls the th entire cotton crop will be open and al most of it picked in the next two he weeks. Then take the hands and fa: mules on the farm and for three or lays give them the right-of-way in the grounds you wish to seed. Put in the he >ats this month. vif GRASSES FOR THE SOUTH. 1 >ecial Cor. Home and Farm: C I have been asked for a letter in reird to the best grasses for the South. r The subject certainly has much in it; c lat should be inteicsting and valuable i fl > Southern planters. How to treat it j ^ I the brief cojjpass of a letter is an- | f ;her question not so easily met. ^ In the first place, the expression, , the South," embraces a very large ex- t :ut of the country, with a wide variety , i soil and climate and climatic condit- ( ms. My Tennessee friends think they j ye m "the South," and yet agricul- , jral conditions there are widely diff- ] rent from what they are in other por- ( ons ol the Southern States, as in Florin. and Western States, for instance. t isn't worth while to tell any farmer a Tennessee anything about grass, tt ie-was born and raised there he knows t all already. But conditions are different iD Geor;ia and Alabama. I once heard a dismguishcd lecturer on agricultural subects say that Georgia and Alabama armers as a rule had spent half of their mergies every summer in trying to kill he Bermuda grass in their cotton fields, mtil it was discovered that the grass vas worth more really than the cotton :rop if the grass had been properly nonaged. I remember the first sumner I ever spent in Alabama. I saw a nan busy in his field with a hoe; but here was no crop visible. "What are rou doing ?" I ventured to inquire. "I am trying to kill this blamed Bermuda grass," he replied, with a good deal of emphasis. Xot very long ago I recalled the incident in talking with the man. "Yes," Said he, somewhat sorrowfully, "and I wish I had that grass back there again; there never would grow any more cotton on that ground if the grass was there again like it once was." Our people are not only tired of cotton , but they want the grass back where itonceg.e.v. This Bermuda grass is one of the very be^t of pasim-e grasses, but there are only a few localities in "the South" where we can depend on it for hay. The ground must be rich for this purpose. In fact, it is not a orroca ??nvw?v fnr theiveraffe ill Ol VitWM MMJ ft??J ? 0 poor land. Then, again, it does not afford good glazing on any of cur aveiage land until some time in May. By that time the broom sage fields also are good pasture. By the way, why does any man who hns a good farm care to bother much with summer grass here in the Gulf States? As I have just said, the broom sage comes in the spring and is good pasture. But how many head of cattle will one acre support? I have a fair pasture field of it?about ten acres. If I put more than five cows on it for summer pasture there is a forfeit that they can't pick out their living on it. That makes two acres of pasture for one cow. Rather expensive pasturage, you think. Some years ago I told your readers of the results of an experiment made here in the effort to determine how many head of cattle one acre of ground could be made to suppoit annually in good condition. The director of the Government Experiment Station here took the matter in hand, and by actual demonstration showed that one acre could be made to produce, uuder proper systems of cultivation, food enough to maintain five grown cow 8 for a whole year. But giass did not enter into the food supply. The director showed that there were better foods for a cow than grass. He fed the cattle on rye six months in the year, and the other six months their food was the sorghum plant and seed. The acre of ground was never at any time during the year without a green growing crop upon it?rye from October until May, and sorghum from May until October again. Whpn PvnAriment was drawinc to a close, and the results clearly seen, there happened to be present here s )mo visitors from one of the great cattle growing regions of ihe West. The subject of grass was mentioned. "Why do you want to burden the soil with grass," said one of the gentlemen, "when you have something that beats it ten to one as a cow food ?" But all our farmers cannot see the matter in exactly the same light. To make one acre of ground feed five head of cattle entails upon somel>ody a big lot of hard work, and the very closest kind of application. You cannot pasture the stock for a single houi. Everything has to be cut and fed, either in troughs or racks, so as not to lose a pound of the forage. Properly cared for, the droppings of the cattle will give $50 worth of the best fertilizer in the world. But, as I say, this thing takes work, and lots of it? and it is not every Southern farmer who can afford to put so much of his own time into such an enterprise, and everybody knows that he cannot trust the average hireling to conduct the business to a success. The most of us want to get rid of this thing of close, hard application on the farm ?the constant, every day's pressure of work. We want pastuies, where the cattle can feed themselves, without daily labor in soiling; and then, again, land is cheaper here than labor. What if it dpes take two acres to pasture a cow all summer ? It is better for us in the present conditions of labor to keep the two acres for each head of catde than to attempt to grow sorghum dii less ground, with irresponsible help ;o depend on in emergencies. But for the winter feed we must aavc either a good grass for hay or have i green crop upon which to pasture vhen necessary, ltye and winter oats nake excellent pasture it sowed early n good ground. The Texas bluegrass s the best grass I know foi the coolant winter grazing. The farmer who ^ets a field well set in this grass will rill not be troubled any more about rinter pasture, if he manages the field >roperly. And then he can turn his attle upon it, and go 10 town for an li-day's trip, or sleep as late as he leases of mornings, without being othered over such questions as "Have ou fed the cows today ?" . . M. V. Moore. ( Auburn, Ala. I Prof. L. H. Bailey, of Cornell Un- j resity, concludes an article, entitled J Does Farming Pay ?" in the Review f Reviews, with this statement: "The 200-a-year income farm is a more im- < ortant factor in the national welfare 1 lan the ?50,000 income farm is. The 1 ne is in the reach of any industrious ? ad intelligent man. The other is in } :ach of the few. The one is safe and 1 eady. The other is speculative and c nrertain. We need the moderate and J iodest farm to make citizens. "We use <3 ie other to make money. The large b oney making farm is a useful object t sson. It shows that business and ex- s :utive ability can make money from c e land as well as from a salt mine or b Dioyclc factory. But it is a fallacy to tl >ld it up as the ideal in American e rming." a Expenence and observation are our a st teachers, hence the necessity to C] nt our next State Fair. j a; . - ' . . -"Z - ' : ' ' . < - -V - / :he alliance and politics. Correspondence Progressive Farmer. There is much knowledge of unman lature in the familiar words, uMan lanuot serve two masters," which is as ^00(1 philosophy today asy when fmt vritteu. To have an abiding existence my organization must fill a want in he life of its members in a financial vay or in some other wav, aud must Uso be in harmoDy with the nature of nan. It must not be so organized that certain men for whom its benefits are intended cannot enjoy these benefits without their sacrificing principles or being out of harmony with the spirit of the organization. Organizations on which men may rely are one of the most striking characteristics of our present progress. The old story of the bundle of rods, strong in united strength, but weak when tried alone, is daily illustrated and repeated in every phase of life. The Christians are organized to stay the progress of the devil and forward the cause of righteousness; laborers in all the great. cities are organized to prevent an injustice being done them by capitalists ; capitalists are united in order to achieve ends which they could not singly ; governmeut is an organization for the protection of the rights of the people. If any people, or class of people are without effective organization by which they must be treated wiih as a whole and not as individuals, such a people, or class, of people, are placed at the mercy of the organizations with whom they deal, and can % . onlv hone for iustice because it is / X- - * treasured out to them by their competitors from a sense of duty to do the right thing. And it is by no means business like to depend entirely on the honesty of your opponent when you have been defrauded repeatedly by his calculations. The need of organization among the farmers has long been eminent, and | the power of their organization in the Farmers' Alliance was felt to fill the need. The duiation of this period of power was brief. A considerable per cent, of the Alliance was made up of Democrats and Republicans (principally Democrats) who had become dissatisfied with the old parties and this element went to the Populist party, and soi ne atl empted ? to make the Alliance a Populist club. It was of couise impossible for Democrats and Republicans to be m the < same sympathy with the order as formerly, e?en if they remained in it The result was that the membership of the order fell off. The object of this paper is neither to oppose or advocate the populist, or any other party, but rather to urge the obliteration of every semblance of party ?4o nnK. 11UC9 11U111 U1C U1UC1 ailU AM UUlvuu lications. Discuss party principles; but let it be done in a way which will not offend any member, whatever his . political views. As the Alliance has been conducted for the past few years, we must admit, though it may not be pleasant to do so, that it has had a strong partisan flavor. With every trace of politics obliterated, there is no reason why the order should not quickly regain its former strength and grow steadily, and joules* this is accomplished its most sanguine advocates cannot hope for it to be a greater power. H. M. Cates. Alamance Co., AT. C. GOVERNMENT OF COLONIES. The greatest colonizing nation in the world, both in the extent and value of of her foreign possessions and in the success wiih which she governs them, is Great Britain. Spain, on the other hand, while she has been one of the most enterprising and energetic in the . establishment of colonies, has been the least successful 111 governing or even retaining them. The success of the British policy is due largely to its liberality. Native -M character and customs are carefully studied and duly respected. So far as possible native rulers are kept in power ' - - ' and religious libeity and the freedom of trade are studiously promoted. ' This liberal policy not only enables the ruling power to maintain its authority economically, but by propitia- f ting the governed, predisposes them to v ?& study and to acquire the point of view of their rulers. It is thus a civilizing policy. Spain could not maintain her power in Cuba with two hundred thousand Jj soldiers; but Great Britain governs Ceylon, which has twice the population j| of Cuba, with fifteen hunched men; and Sir Andrew Clark, by Iris wise pol- . icy in the Straits Settlements of the -~-r - * Malay Peninsula, brought order out of x chaos, put an end to tribal'misrule and* brought prospenty to the people withnnf Iho aiH nf an? Rritiah trrtftTW. | V?W I?~ X._. [ The events of the past year make t this matter of colonial government one v^.rj: of supreme interest to the United States. The National Civil Service Commission, in a report just published, rightly attributes Great Britain's sue- |? cess to her admirable civil service, and V 5 enumerates the following charaderistics as worthy our own imitation if we hope for similar results First: Colouial officers are not die- \ lurbed by political changes in the gov- . em men t Their tenure of 'office depends entirely on efficient servjra. Second: They are never selected as a reward for political services, but entirely for fitness, and they are promoted from smaller to larger colonies, and from lower to higher offices, as they prove their ability to deal with difficult problems. Thiid : Entrance to the service is through the lower grades, and only by competitive examination. Fourth : Salaries are liberal, and no" member of the colonial service is- allowed to engage in private business enterprises. There is not one of these simple rules which every sensible business man does not, consciously or unconsciously, observe in his business. It ought not tn nepd much study or argument to convince a fair-minded legislator of their value to the country in the business of colonization.?Youth?* Comoanion. % World's Oldest Tree.?That old jypress which stands in the square of he church in Santa Maria del Tule, iear the city of Oajaca, in Southwestern Mexico, is said to be the oldest tree n the world. Some botanists, inclndng Decandolle, say it is 6,000 years Id, while others put it down to 2,000 ears. Cortez, it was teld, in his congest of Mexico, in 1519, camped with ds whole force in the shadow of this ree, and according to native history pent a night full of care, on which acount the tree received the name 4<Aloi de la noche tfiste." Five feet from iio nrrnnnd the trunk has a circumfer nee of 102 feef^giving it a diameter of bout 32 feet. /The height is 120 feet, 'he branches ?egin at about 26 feet bove the ground, spreading into a rown, the circumference of which is bout 520 feet;