Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

. *>.+ " v I . ' *ff? J}&.. ' tttBHahwt'fa iS91. y: EESr' icf ncMnnii m MIL ULIflUIIILILLU PEACE EFFECTED BY RUSSIANS AND UKRAINE WITH FORMER ENEMY. RUMANIAN SITUATION CRITICAL Formal Treaty Haa Not Yet Been 8igned But Agreed Upon?Contains Provision FOf Getting Food. Although 110 formal treaty yas yet been signed between the Russluns and the central powers the bolsheviki government haa ordered a cessation of hostilities by the Russians against Germany. Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria and the withdrawal of Its troops from the trenches and fortified positions from the Baltic sea to the Rumaniun frontier. It long had been foreseen that such an outcome eventually would follow upon the revolutionary movement in Russia, w'ere for nearly a year civil strife and war weariness generally nroved most no tent factors in weakening the bnttle front. Long ago the enemy forces began the withdrawal of troops from thia front, and virtually only a handful of them have be?Mi faced by Russians there. Peace having been effected both by the Russians and Ukrainians with the Toutonir allies, the situation of Rumania becomes a most critical one. Entirely cut off now from her allies, the Rumanians apparently are faced with the absolute necessity of effecting a separate peace or being overrun by superior enemy armies. Nothing has as yet come through to show whether another Rumanian cabinet to take che place of the one which resigned last week has been formed or whether any reply has been made to the ultimatum of the central powers that peace negotiations should immediately be started. Ar has been lint icinntntl the terrrw ^ nf peace between the Ukraine and the central nowera contain the mu'ehdeel red clause providing for the immediate entering into economic rblatlona between the contracting parties by which Auatrln and Germany may obtain much deklred foodstuffs. NO PEACE UNTIL GERMANY IS RECOGNIZED VICTOR Amsterdam.?Germany desires peace but before it can be uttained her enemies must recognize that Germany lias been victorious. Emperor William said in an uddress presented by the burgomaster of Hamburg on the conclusion of pence with the Ukraine. The emperor's reply as Riven In a Berlin dispatch says: "We ought to bring peace to the world. We shall seek In every way to do it. Such an end was achieved in a friendly manner with an enemy which, beaten by our armies, perceives no reason for fighting longer extends a hand to us and receives our hands. We clasp handB. But he who will not accept peace but on the contrary declines, pouring out the blood of his own and of our own people must be forced to have peace. We desire to live In friendship with neiehhor'ng peoples but the vletorv of German arms must be first recognized." ONLY TEN NAMES ADDED TO THE LIST OF SURVIVORS t Roll of U. S. Soldiers Aboard Tuscania Not Reported Rescued Now Stands at 340. Waslngton.?Only ten names were added to the roll of survivors of the "ner Tusrania by dlsnutches to the war department. The list of American soldiers who were on bonrd the llnet end who have not been rooorted accrued now stands at 34ft. although it Is ertaln that about 200 of those and probably more are safe. Eleven new nnm"F have been re i.ncu, iiiii urn; in i iii-m. .Minn ,vi rvn.ir *>11. of DcSoto. Mo., hud aoneared on * Hat o* the saved previously celled. In mnny Instances tt 's considered possible that men still recorded as unreported have succeeded In neMlng private messages to tlmlr families. U. 3. WAR ACHIEVEMENTS MARVELOUS. SAYS M'GOWAN Columbia. S. C\. Feb It.- Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan. paymaster <4 Keneral of the navy, a South Carolinian. In address'n* the general asdomWy of State of South Carolina declared that the success of the war department In mee'lng difficult tasks has been remarkable. The few ni'stakes made, he satri, are far overbalanced In the record-breaking accom -.Wshments He sn'd that the nivv Is ready for Its work in the war. TRADING IN HENS AND PULLETS IS FORBIDDEN Washington.?Trading In live or freshly killed bona and pullets anywhere in the United States is forbidden In an order announced by the United States food administration. February 23 is fixed as the date when fresh stock must be disposed of and add't that additional stocks may not , be purchased. By restricting the killing of chick, ens the food administration hopes to increase the production of eggs. jpPjp'" v*/ " .::. r * 'v *; ' ' ' :; -.f S'it 'At V i"' ' . " * " ' : '*FX?5S*% - ? ?>;* ITS. tjjyy - N. .' r * ' ! .7, ; ftxie ' iLvX . "*? "v!?v si * " ' JOHN MoCLAIN l| Private John McClain of Dayton, O., ^ I a member of the American expedition- 111 ary force In France, wearing the w French Croix de Guerre with the palm hi awarded him by the French govern- 1? | ment for saving 50 persons when an enemy aviator dropped a bomb in the hi village in which he was billeted. Mc- n 1 Claln quickly picked up the bomb and b< running to a nearby rivet threw it far <>< ' out from shore. tl 1817 FIGURES ARE COMPILEDI W IF RAILWAY INCOME CONTINUES h u THE DECLINE OF RECENT tt MONTHS a tl Earnings About $958,000,000; Near <1 Amount the Government Will Pay tl Roads in 1918?Will Cut Expenses ci Considerable. i Washington.?Railroads In 1917 o earned about $958,000,000, which is K ; near the amount the government will tl !, have to pay the roadR this year as (i I compensation under national opera* tion. This was indicated by tlguron 1 on revenue, expenses and income of k I all roads earning more than $1,000,000 ? last year, available today in unofficial : computations based on interstate com- tl merco commission reports for 11 j months and estimate for December. u The sum the government will have r to pay the roads under the bill pend' Ing in Congress is estimated at $945,- f j 000.000 by Chairman Smith, of the senate committee having the railroud f bill in charge. Figures for 1917 show that if rail- ' wuy income continues to decline as it tj htttt I ?? rA,.AI,l n. a * V. 1. ? ? " ? a MHU (U IOVVKV lUUlltUOt HIT guvcril* J J ment will face a deficit In making Its j compensation payments, augmented . ; by Increases in wages and the con' Htantly rising cost of materials and . supplies . ( To Cut Operating Expenses. 1 f On the other hand, the railroad ] j administration hopes to be able to ^ 1 cut operating expenses sufficiently r and economize or. charges necessary s only under competitive conditions, to - , offset the declining income. The size x of these items, which will play such a big purt in railroad financing, this i I year, were disclosed by the latest com- fl j putatlons. t j Compared with the estimated In- c come of $958,000,000 last year, the 6 figure for 1916 was $1,087,533,000; for l 1915, $716,476,000; for 1914, $692,330,- 3 000. and for 1913, $816,510,000. Total Revenues. I Last year the total revenues from & railway operations .were $4,038,000,000, ? and operating expenses were $2,861, 1 000,000, leaving a net revenue of I $1,177,000,000. From this were de- i ducted $217,000,000 taxes, and minor s items of uncoilectahte revenue to com v pute the net income figure, which i. ' t compared in a genoral way to the ha- u sis of government compensation. | These figures will be increased about f four per cent by addition of reports a from numerous small road having r operating revenues of less than $1. < I 000.000 a year, whose records are not 41 included with the reports of stand 1 f ard Class 1 roads. JC TUSCANIA RAIDER 13 PROBABLY DESTROYED Washington.?Much satisfaction is 1 i found by officials here in the unofficial accounts of the destruction of the * British liner Tuscania by a German submarine which showed that a de ( ! stroyer, presumably British, gave K cnase to the raider and possibly sunk 11 her with a depth bomb. ^ | No details of the attack had come ? from official sources. They are await- s ed eagerly. c CHECKS BEING SENT TO s DEPENDENTS OF SOLDIERS Washington.?Secretary McAdoo re | ; ported to the senate that checks due j dependents of soldiers and sailors un' der the war risk act in November and ! December have been sent and that w those due In January will have been r j mailed out by February 18. The re; sponse to a resolution offered by San- * r.tor Hitchcock, of the senate military w committee, who said complaints had ? been received that the checks had not I been mailed 11 -lOtLT HI MS AMBUSH TEX AMERICANS IVE BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN KILLED WHILE FOUR OTH ER8 ARE MI88ING. lARRABE FIRE RETURNED atrolling Soldiers Wore Fired Upon From Concealed Positions by Large Numbers of Enemy?Put Up Good Fight. Five American soldiers are believed > have been killed, four are missis and one was wounded, when an merican patrol was ambushed in No lariR Land by a superior force of ermins. The spot where the encounter ocnrred is an isolated one and reports :>ncernlng the casualties indicted by uth sides are meaget. Only one American is known to ave escaped the trap of the Gerians, which was laid in front of our Ires. The cn^ survivor, who crawled ack to the American lines with a bul t in his chest, is unable to talk. Our artillery immediate^ laid a arrage around the ambushing Gerlans and some are believed to have een accounted for. The infantry actuated for others as it is certain te ; ttacked patrol fought to a finish, ccording to information trickling In 1 ...... n.n u... win ittc; iiuiu line. Our patrolling soldiers were fralklg In front of our wire entanglements hen a big enemy patrol that had een divided into parties which took p concealed positions opened Are t close range. The night w-a clear nd the forms of the Americana made ie best possible targets for the hiden Germans. There is no doubt that le Americans battled gallantly until ompletely overpowered. The artillery duel in our sector ontinued. Scores of airplanes were ut observing and making photorapha. The men 'In the line were hrllled by a number of air duels high i the sky over their heads. Artilleryman Killed. j One American artilleryman was filed and Ave artillerymen were 1 rounded by shell Are. The Americans sprinkled the enemy | renches with shrapnel all during the ay. There was considerable patrol ' ctivity. but no further clashes were I eported. RED CROSS GAINS MANY NEW MEMBERS Red Croat Adds Approximately 17.500,000 in the Recent Big Drive. Washington. D. O.?Figures now Lvallahle on the Red Cross Christmas membership drive show a total enrolluent of 23.475.000, or 22 per cent of he population of the United States. Of this total the Red Pivwi; s.?d ibout 6,000.000 member* before the ^hriatmas drive started, so that tho rain from the drive was approximately 7,500,000 new members. The central livision of which Chicago is the headluarters, leads the other twelve diviions of the country in the number of iew members enrolled Christmas veek. By divisions, the gains were as folows: Atlantic. 28,00,000; Central. 3.100.000; Gulf. 384,000; Lake. 2,300.000; fountain, 276.000; New England, 670.>00; Northern. 685,000; Northwestern. 93,000} Pacific, 327,000; Pennsylvania. .600,000; Potomac, 250.000; Southern, '.7,000; Southwestern. 3.25.000. From the fourteenth division com nTstng all of the territorial insular ind foreign possessions of the United ; ttates the new members added num-' lered 48,000. Unprecedented unfavorable weather irevailed during the drive so that the bowing Is considered exceptionally rood. Final figures are not expected o change the foregoing estimates to i iny considerable extent. One of the chief benefits anticipated rom the enlarged membership is the luumuii <u iiMiununns 01 active work rs to Red Cross chapter* where sup- ; dies are being prepared for our army md navy and the military forces and | ivilian population of the allies. iERMANY'S OFFENSIVE MAY BE APPROACHING I Washington.?Development of Oer- j lany's long deferred offensive In the 1 rest from the reconnoltering thrusts i lunched during the past week around i ambrai and at other points Is sug- ! ested as a possibility in the weeklv lllitary review issued by the war epartment. So far. however. In spite f heavy fighting the department n.vn mi iii'iimis or more man local bararter have been recorded. " j ER VICES IN ^ MEMORY OF JOHN L. SULLIVAN HELD | New York.?Services in memory of : (re late John L. Sullivan, former i oavywelght champion of America, j rere held here. The church was rowded with personal friends of th-? end gladiator and men and women i rhoae names are prominent in the ; rorld of sport and the stage. The life f Sullivan was praised by the speakrs. among them was "Jack" McAufTe. the former pugilist. j 1 > ? SuDB&HEqmc ^ 1 AT T Ml LIh&'O., Thursday, fkbb PROFESSOR STOCKTON Jp. - Professor Stockton ?f Houston, Tex., has been appointed secretary general of the American Red Cross, j succeeding Charles L. Magee, who will remain with the organization in another capacity Professor Stockton Is J brother-in-law of President Wilson, j SITUATION IS NOW ALARMING COLOEST WEATHER IN A GENERATION NOW PREVAILS IN THE EASTERN STATES. East Facing Most Acute Coal Shortage of the Winter?May Consider Two Four-Day Shut Downs. Washington.?With the east facing the moat acute coal shortage of the winter and in the grip of the coldest weather of a generation, the government decided that the hetleans Mon May program canuot at thin time be I abandoned, as had been hoped. The conclusion to continue the clon- | lng was reached at a conference be- I tween Fuel Administrator Garfield and Director General McAdoo attend j ed by a dozen state fuel administra- j itors. There was no official announce- | merit. but a joint statement probably jWlll be given out. There had been every indication [that the Monday holidays were over, but reports brought to Washington by the Btate fuel administrators thai throughout most of the esat there is on hand but one day's supply of coal, 1 coupled with the weather situation, were accepted as convincing proof that the present is no time to lift the closing order. Even Mr. McAdoo, who up to this time is understood to have opposed the closing plan, was said tonight to have agreed that until the weather permits n ainiprovement i In railroad transportation, the order : should be continued in force. Blizzard Cuts Production. The blizzard has cut coal produi> ^ion and movement to such an extent that officials pointed out that even had the Monday closings been abandoned. industry would be forced to \ close down to a considerable extent becnnse of * nf fnoi .,.nnii?. ' ? "UI'P'IUO. fact, reports to the fuel administration showed that in many state plant.; already are closing in large number. It was emphasized that the fuel administration is determined that what coal is unloaded and distribute 1 shall go to householders first. State fuel administrators have been given almost unlimited authority to divert coal from other consumers to keep the people warm in their homes. For the first time since coal began to ruu short.*fuel administration officials admit that the situation is alarming. Report after report came in telling of cities all the way from the Mississippi to the Atlantic with but few hours' supply of fuel on hand WILSON TAKES UP MATTER OF SHIPS snips Are Available to Carry Men; Problem is Keeping Them Supplied Washington.?Presfdent Wilson took up personally the shipping problem and. at a conference with Chairman Hurley, of the shipping* board, went , Into the great problem of procuring j tonnage for the movement of Anieri- | can troops, and supplies overseas. Every phase of the question was discussed, including the progress of' the government building program, plans for obtaining allied ships for transporting soldiers and negotiations with the European neutrals for tonnage to release American vessels for truns-Atlantic service. The president was particularly Interested In the . proposal to obtAin additional sh.ps by reducing imports probably one-half. A full realizut!on of the extent to which America's troop movement to France depends on tonnage has come not only to this government but to i f h ? alHoa au waII '* """ 1?11 vo ?.-? ncil, ci II11 11 was* 1I1U1* I cited that one of the chief topics at ! the recent session of the supreme ( war council at Versailles was that of ; finding ships for thnt purpose. A big I American army is substantially ready to go. but before it is sent the war do- i partment wants to be assured it can) be supplied Ships are available to , transport the men the problem Is; keening thent fern'shed with materials i with which to. fl :ht. ' 's;* ' u ? -1 *' ' LL T UAEY 14, 19X8 . BARFEILO ENDS HEATLESS DAYS HEATLESS DAYS HAVE BEEN ABANDONED IN EIGHT SOUTH ERN STATES. / CONDITIONS ALMOST NORMAL Improvement in Weather Condition Cause* Fuel Administrator Garfield to Lift Order?-Roads Moving Freight. Washington. ? Continued improvement in weather and transportation conditions will bring au end to the heatiess Monday program after its enforcement Feb. 11. Fuel A,dnilnistrsInr 1 ivra vraruviu ailllUUUUCU, Suspension of the progrum immedi- ' aiely in eight Southern States was an thorized by Doctor Garfield after the , receipt of reports showing that higher temperatures have relieved the coal ' shortage in South to such an extent that further closing is unnecessary. The states are North and South Carolina. Tennessee, Georgia, lorida. Alabama. Mississippi and Louisiana. I>o?-<or Garfield was more hopeful over the general outlook than at any time for weeks. Although there is danger of floods from melting snows and consequent interference with traffic. | All places housing workers who are members of the International Ladles' Garment Workers Union were ex- 1 empted from the Monday closing. Many i of them are working on cloMiing for the army. The first section of the ('losing order establishing a prefertnlal list in coal distribution and section ten pro- i vidlng a penalty for non-compliance i will continue to stand. AMERICAN SHARPSHOOTERS ARE GERMANS' MATCH Dr. Von Seydler, Austrian Premier, Has Resigned. American sharpshooters on the sec- , tor held by the United States forces northwest of Toul on the western front have matched their marksman- ( ship and wits against the skill ami I experience of the German rifleman opposed to them, and thus far hnve had the advantage. Enemy snipers have been routed from their hiding placen among bushes in -the hilly, wooded terrain or in shell holeB by the expert Are of the Americans, and where the rifle proved unavailing there was brought into action machine guns an.l light artillery which destroyed the vterman snetiers and made casualties of their occupants. l>r. von Seydler, the Austrian premier, has tendered the resignation of his cabinet to Emperor Charles, according to Vienna advices reaching Amsterdam. Parliamentary circles in the Austrian capital understand that the cabinet's resignation is due to the opposition of Polish deputies against special debates and the provisional budget. Dr. von Seydler inforjned labor delegations that it was the wish of the emperor to end the war at the earliest possible moment by an honorable peace, and this declaration of the premier was instrumental in ending the strikes in Vienna. The Turkish foreign minister, Nessiniy Bey, speaking in the Ottoman chamber of deputies Thursday, asserted that Turkey was in full accord | with the attitude of Germany and Austria as outlined in the recent speeches of the German chancellor. Count von Hertling. and the Austrian foreign minister Count Czernin. In regard to the Dardanelles, Nessimy Rey ileclared that the strait would remain open In the future to interna'.ional traffic "as in the paHt and on I the same conditions." This declaration Is regarded as Turkey's reply to the provision in President Wilson's announcement of America's war aims which required that the Dardanelles ' should be opened permanently as a free passage to the ships of all nations. PROPOSES TO STANDARDIZE RAILWAY EQUIPMENT Washington. Kxtensive standardizing of railway equipment is content- ' plated by Director General McAdoo under government operation. He ex- j plained that ho expects the division j of finance and purchase of the railroad j administration, headed by John Skel- | ton Williams, to wrok out a number of reforms along this line in co-operation | (xii i n*rruiiYi-s ann manufacturers of locomotives, cars and other equipment. I. W. W.'S PLANNEO TO PLAY HAVOC Washington.?Industrial Workers of the World on the Pacific coast have planned wholesale destruction of industries and shipping, and other inter-, ference with prosecution of the war, it was said at the department of justice Thn I nrl trior* t u /vf K1 ? ~ ? - ..V. .I.uavt n.uKVii ?/? uu ai OO* laillCIITO by u federal grand Jury i? the result of recent Investigation of government agents who discovered that leaders were plotting, systematic sabotage IMES CWLESTO? IS SELECTED v"T Government Proposes to Spend Be tween $20,000,000 snd $30,000,000 On Improvements There. Washington.?A story that important developments were soon to be made at Charleston by the government and that several million dollars would be expended there in the near future have been verified here. Congressman Wholey being asked about the rumors that the government contemplated using the port of Charleston on a large scale, said. "There have been under way for several months examinations of Southern norts hv thP tc?r Honn rt r*? on f fnr purpose of using one of them as a port for storage and embarkation. Owing to the deep water oi 30 feet from the ocean to the navy yurd. the accessibility to !ae sea. the large harbor and splendid fortifications. Charleston has been selected. It is proposed to erect permanent buildings of the most modern type for storage of supplies. Ammunition. embarkation, etc. In all the government will take between 3.00O and 4,000 acres of land at Charleston and will expend between $20 000:000 and $32,000,000. "In the hill to n?- reported by the committee on appropriations t have the assurance this amount wi'. he m I T -J- ? ? muni niiu i bui rmuuiRil i VV1M ")C passed by the house and se ate The designation of the port of Charleston is a recognition of its f . nilabi'Uy to he made one of the gre .t ports on the Atlantic. The allie shipping will also doubtless v sent through the port in gre- part. The plans have .< made and it is only a question of a short time before the government will actually eoinmer.ee work. "Although I have been working on this matter for many months it had not Assumed such a deflnit ? share that I felt I could make an announce nient. However. I feel it is now practically assured and thot Charleston will be ore of the big ports of the country in the storage av.d handling of supplies for trans-shipment to the troops on the other side. The structures to be erected are not teuipoiary kill n? . ? ' ' ..... U. a |?. I lliclirill II.II lilt' 111IU. lll'Tt'fore. after the war is over the port will still be one of the big bases of the government. The tiemendous benefit to the city and State can be readily appreciated and I am glad to have contributed my share to its accomplishment." Train Crashes Into Auto. Barnwell.?One woman and two men were killed and another woman was seriously injured here when an automobile in which they were riding iittsiiea ueau-on into a westbound freight engine at the Atlantic Coast line depot, where th?? railroad intersects the public road leading from Barnwell to Allendale. The dead are: Miss Ready, Fred Lee, white and a negro named Johnson; injured is Miss Moody. All of the occupants were from Kline and were on their way home when the accident occurred. The driver's view of the oncoming locomotive was obscured by a string of freight cars on the north side of the main line and apparenty with no thought of danger he approached the crossing at a rapid rate, according to the testimony of eye witnesses. So terrific was the impact that the automobile was totally demolished and the cowcatcher of the engine was badly damaged. Soldier Cut By Negro. Columbia.-?Joe Barrett, a member of the ammunition train stationed at Catnp Jackson, was painfully cut by a negro. The affray occurred in the western section of tho city and the negro escaped. The soldier was slashed on the arm and forehead and was carried to the base hospital at the camp. The military police and city officers are searching for the man who liaorl fho Uniff> Sued for Death of Sims. York.?The York county board of < omntissioners was notified by counsel for the family of VV. T. Sims. negro preacher who was shot to death near York one night last August, that unless a settlement was effected without litigation suit would he brought to collect the $2,000 which the law specifies as the minimum sum that shall he paid the family of a person lynched. SOUTH CAROLINA NEWS ITEMS. W. R. Doty. Jr.. has been named food administrator for Fairfield county. State constables under Chief Smyrle and government agents under tho United States marshal, J. L. Rims, made a drive at Illicit stills and the eforts of the officers unearthed six stills, five in Orangeburg county and one in Lexington county. Albert S. Mucks of Brnnchvllie was among the roseued of the Tuscania The general ansembly passed the Australian ballot system. The cases against the two Catholic nriests. Father O'Hern imH Fat ho.* Duff of Washington. D. C.. in connection w'ith scouring the appointment of a young man named Knisely to the. Naval Academy at Annapolis, were nol pressed In the federal court ct Greenwood by order of the department of justice at Washington. D. C. . Wlll5am McOall. nogro, of Morenos, was sent up to the United Stntos court for making false statements in his questionnaire. The negro swore he had two children dependent upon hi' '. Investigation disclosed the fact, he ver, that he had no children at p"'. Hr-'- ' . > jMF ,v{S1.2S Par Tear. ';^|^H NEWS OF THE WEEK 9 FROM CAMP SEVIER 1 EMPLACEMENT FOR A FULL BAT .v*|H| TERY OF FOUR QUN3 18 NOW ::fflS UNDER WAY. ^^9 CAPT. CQTHRAN MADE MAJOR 'fl Some Inside Information as Regards il Legal Procedure in the Army?Quite ' &? Different from That of Civil Courts. Camp Sevier.?Private Charlee H. y Lupton. 106th Supply Train, will short- ?$aj ly bo commissioned a first lieutenant in the Medical Reserve Corps. Mr. Lupton l^a graduate physician. There have been several similar cases in which men were commissioned from the ranks. The very first of its operation, the cafeteria of the Hostess House proved a popular place, and the several visitins ladies who dropped in fol\ a bite d-M-larrd themselves delighted to have such a place within the camp itself as a rendezvous. The mess hall of Company C. 105th I'nglnoers. was destroyed by fire, and only good work by the entire regiment saved the shack of Company B, which caught fire several times, from being consumed also. Scarcely taptre tho "<-hes had grown cold, replacing the building was commenced, and by night fall the side timbers were well up. The cause of the fire has not yet boon r ?certnined. Y. M. C. A. Tnit No. 85. at the 50th , RriRado. was closed for 86 hours, the educational secretary. B. Q. Davis, having suddenly become very ill with pneumonia and what may be a complication of meningitis. Mr. Davis is in the base hospital, and is critically ill, although hopes are entertained for his ' recovery. Capt. Perrin C. Cothran, originally of Creenwood. S. C.. and until recently adjutant of the 105th Engineers, has been made a major. National Duard. to rank from January 80. and | hRs been nlaced in command of the I flrpt bnttaPon of tho regiment, vice Mulor John 11. Fitinev, relieved. Capt. Clarence E. Boesch, formerly com manning i .o n., hum uvmi iuauo rngc mental adjutant In Capt. Cofhran's place. Legal procedure In the army, as It Is In some respects quite different from that of civil courts, should be of general interest at present. To begin with, there is no separate Judge and Jury, the court porforming both these functions. Minor offenses, the maximum penalty for which is not more than three months' Imprisonment, are v tried by a summary court, consisting of one officer Th ^re is such a court for each regiment or smaller unit. More serious offenses, but for which the maximum penalty Is six months' imprisonment or less, are tried by a special court, consisting of from three to Ave officers, while all other offense* ere tried bv general courts martial, composed of from five to thirteen ofI n.nr? ?neciallv constituted for that particular offense, and which have th? power to impose even capital punishment. These courts conduct the cases, rule upon the evidence? decide upon the guilt of the ac-iis ?l! and fix the sentence. The conduct of the oase Is about, like that in civil courts, the accused having the right to refuse to answer questions tending to Incriminate himself, and being aJlowed the assistance of council, an otTicer being designated to act as such if he has not procured a clvll'an attorney, tie has also the right to object to any of the officers who constitute the court, and if ho has good reason they will be replaced with others satisfactory to him. In one respect he Is bettor ofT thin In a civil trial, as there is no limit to the number of such objections, hut the reasons given must he substantiated. Sentences of courts martial are reviewed l>v the commanding general cf the division, who has?the power to reduce sentence* hut not to Increase them. In case he thinks the sentence of the court undtilv light. he niav s^nd 't hack fer reconsideration, wftb r en sons 'or refus'ng to concern it. *>< tf the court stands fl^m In "? or'?r1ji"' position, lie ni'is-f the-i confirm it. Oft an persons Indicted for desert !on are convicted merely of absence with out leave. Tr> prove desertion, the Intent not to return must be prove 1. and as this froquentlv does not exist, and Is always difficult, to prove, the man Is convicted of the lighter offense. Wherever possible, the soldier Is retained in the service, and only when the eviden *? shows moral turpitude unfitting blm for the Pfe of a soldier is the ruprit dishonorably discharged In addition to receiving other punishment. An emplacement for a full hatterv of four gtins Is under construction <a*. the field artillery brigade, the worjt gniiiflf fordward s'owly so that encjk . r' .init may clearly see every naM of the construction. There are fottf \'x>* v emplacements proper, one for e;y?tv {, gun. these consisting of firing p. > j/ oHorliflw jihnvp lhf? erntind T heavily housed about with lor;s on m/ sides. and with a bote In front, thrdbhnfcA * wrhteh to Are. Those works a-e beJnJt / iV banked with earth and before It 's orj^- * j sldeved complete the wholo must he *>5,"' eonrealed with bru%h that no? ' s suit ran be *?en at a abort dlitapofl^'