The Sumter banner. (Sumterville, S.C.) 1846-1855, November 22, 1854, Image 1
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DEVOTED TO SOUTERN RIGHTS1 DEMOCRACY,* NEWS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTUU S0IENCF ANI TILE
WILLIAM LEWIS, -
JOHN S. RICHARDSON, PROPRIETORS
VOL. IX. .SUITERVILLE, S. C., NOVEMBER 22, 1854.
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SUMTEavILLE, Oct.. 25, 1854.
To Ar. RI. L. 'nnckney, Jr.
DEAt SitR :-Under a resolution of
the Suinter Agricultural Associatiun,
we we-e aI)poilted a cotmmittee to
request yoa to furnish Lite Society,
with a copy of youtr loquet addreas
for publication.
The ienmbers of the Association
who had the pleasure of hearing your
-address delivered, are very de-trous
*uf IraviIg tIe grittification of reading
it, and of giving that pleasure to our
- - menibers; wih) were absent, and to
the public.
WY ith ietntietits of the h-ghesL res
.p'et and esteem, yours, &C.
\V. N ETTLES.
Snm'i R. CIIAN DLEP,
J. C. ilAYN-SWORTil.
STAT-1sDUCRO, Nov. 7, 1851.
To Messrs. W. Net!cs, Sarn't R.
Chtandler, zad J. U. Hiya1ynswvorth.
GESTLFM!5E.:-l have reeived your
polite letter, reqjuesting irom. 11.0% for
.publication, a cop, of the .'i ss I
delivered before the "Sumt er I i.trict
Agricutlturid Amintion.,"_ I cil * .
full) put the miianuscript at y.!1 ser
vice, to be tsed at yuur dilcretijg
and thank you for the flatteiig terms
ill which yuti ha've convI- vi tti
quest, under the resol.utie vi tie so
viety.
With my best respects, gentlemeti,
I am your obedient servainit,
11. L. PINCNEY, Jr.
Address
DItLIvERED DEFORE TIE
Suaiter Agricaiitural As
sociation,
B. L. PI.NCKN EV, Jr.,
October 24. 1851.
(ruuSLIsazt aY Tit E ASSOCIATION.)
Mit. PatIstDES.-Il the beautiful
'mlythology of the ancieLts, we read
the alegory of Autouis, the son of
Earth. In his mnortall coimibat with
-lercules, it is said "that he received
nev strength as often as he touched
the ground, and was invincibla as
long as he remained inl contact with
his mother, Earth ; lie was only con.
quered at last by being in.the air, and
crushed in the arims of his antagonist.
If we read this litble aright, it evident
ly points us to tile earth, a1s the natu
ral ohject of one chief dependeince
as9 thle aiuthor of our prosperity and
the rource of our suipport. 'l he wis
dlomi of that old Phtilosophy tatught,
that the Earth was tile thothler of all
things. and t'. hat man should forever
draw his stubsistence fromt the same
generous b~osom, frorn whtich lie also
* derived is origin. To persoify~ this
thought, tite Etrthl was represetnted as
at Goddess, with many distended
*breasts, to signify her perpetual fee
aundity ; she ahio appeared, crowned
'with tturrets, holding a sceptre in one
'hand and a key ini the other, while
*an-unchain~ed lion ero'.ched aatrtmless
a1tther feet, as ifto intimate thatt every
part of the Earth can be renidered
fruitful by' meanis of cultivation.
TIhrough the dima twilight of those heta
~thena ages, we may perceive tihe respect
-defference that was evetywhaero piaid
-to Agriculture, in the celebration of
'rites, and the institution of games and
*sacrifices, in hionor of the divinities
who were supposed to p'reside over*
the labors of' the husbandan. Of all
theor deities, we find none anore honiot
* ed than the Ceres of' Attica and the
Isis of Egypt, and consequehtly
throughout anent history, we find
tiles. countries, together -with Sicily,
iaost .habouding int iuxurieitt crops,
Mild paying most attention to the airt
.cultivationl ; for althtough Atticai
'as. remiarkable for the poverty oilier
- soiJ, y'et there we fitnd -th first record
"Jf the inivention of' the plouigh and its
use by than. . As the luxuries or neces
' Ites ut(,life increased, we find othier
niiatiu4 oucessively introduced,
h tiikateg by..his. especial p:ower,
)y *$~i~Wrruviline or Interest,.hIe
~4i~~tc~ d tu armde jhtts Ton:oua
was worshipped as the presiding deity
of gardens and orchards, and ormaii
nus as the guardian spirit or the boui
duies between neighibors, to protec
the limits of their lands and to puniai
their encroachments. Yet througli
all this maze of superstition and im
aginary worship, we may discover
something of' the progress of society
in those f'r distant days ; for as th<
pursuite of men, no less than theii
virtues and their passions, were th
object of their idolatry, so we may
discover, in the various oflices an
duties oftheir several gods, sonethiig
of the habits iad occupation of the
people, the arts they studied and the
industrial puisuits they practised. --
There is no d- ubt that among those
nations of antitquity, who attained tu
be organized coin inui.ities, and whose
histories have cone dowi to us, that
lgricu litiurie was their earliest and chiei
pursuit ; and it is equally true, that
the Georgie race-, inl every period o:
the world, have always itr excellet
the nomadic tribes, who subsist I*
the pasturage of their flocks and herds
inl every departmieint both ofarts amd
To trace the history of any subjee
that engages our atitentioI, is al way:
a pleasing and instructive study. Tiit
humuaan niiid is never content nerel)
to taste the stream where it iappen:
to mecet it, but is ever seeking to dis
cover its source, and to drink at tiht
fluntitain of its gushiiig waters. Tlhe
earliest, recods tiake miention of th
cultivation of tile eal th by muan, anr
Co per. 'the modest ba'rd ol fuilglaid,
speakitig of* Agricultural labor say s
" It is the primal curn
lat neftenet! ;nnte m-.'-rey, and malde thet pleig.
O' cheerful daym al] nights without a g:-an.
Perhaps one of' the oldest writer
upon this su bject, whose work
are extat, is tile Spaniard Colimella
who flourished about two thousmtin
ye:trs ago. Ill the introduction of hi:
learned work, he says "that the art t
husbaidry i i necessary for th
slpport of i ' :. , . 1 m coin
" i ' - ..ess -o
ages, have ascribed its (,I ;'Aal t4
G as tile liveator and Oraunmerai o
it : ; I 1 i :m ' civilized n tion
ve a.' ,.: atored to pioti0
andin, . , . i.vn.
to lllacowledge as Iublie .. r If
1111 whO con tri bauted tO its tdnce
miet." The Greeks, the imiost pl'ldish
ed laLion of antiqui ty aiplied themi
selves very early to this stildy, alt
seem to have becn proficients in mam
of' its seerets. lie said, the inio.
lliCielt of their pOets, was the first, t
fling around Agricntiture the charims o
poetry, and thus to initrut, nut 0111
the tiel of' hi own tiles, but alsi
succeedilg generations ; l-r the wis
don of his piecepts lived long in th
imielody of' his verse, and was trans
initted down for the instructioi c
after ages. Other young men anongs
them ,o improved the knowledge an
dignified the reputation of this aicien
art, that Royalty was practised in it
cmlployient, and the 'Farmeir King
becaie a title of (gial pride anc
affectionl ill those remoter ages Tll
patronage of Governmleut.. the wisdor,
of their sages and the example u
their princes were all combined t
extend and perfect it, and while tha
inquisitive people borrowed know
edge of all their neiglahbors, their wis
anen and theira mn of en terpriisei ta
eiled in to dist~ant lanids to study thei
culit urie and brn hoe their iimprove
mlenlts. Thius early they' acq~uirei
e(Insideralble skill in the culture of' th
earth, antd whiile tiley) were first, amnoi
tile niations~ in) the lart, of war, tile
also excelled theim fhr inl tile greai
arit of' peace.
Bly their intercourse and comnmuni
cation with Italy, the Gre'eks trana
miitte~d theirkoldeoAgiu r
mt aypartLs of' that, be'autif'rl ani
classic counitry. It, is prob1able, hosit
ever, that for several centuaries al'tt
the founldationi of' Rome, very htti
proga ess was mliade in tihe prosecutio
oh thlis study ; 1n0r (lid the Romai~n
seemI to be mulich acquiainted wit
that, aeglar system of' tilha.ge that wa
pralctised with so mluchl successi
Greece, anld Asia, and othera Easteir
countiis ; but, as they extenaded thiic
doiminions, and bedame moreo acquaar
ted withl thle pur'suit<, the comforts an
refinieents of' neighboring ntion
they also discovered the vast advai
tages of Agriculture, and 'its grot
imiportance to their ilitary liepublh
so) that their Genecrails, thecir, Senlatona
anid theuirl gravest, Phfilosophers use
all their efiujrts to encouralge and pr<
mote it, not, oanly by precept., but b
their personal examaple. With thei
owni handits they wor'ked the plougi
shat'e in the mould, anid reaped tia
ripened ear at hiarvest. But It we
not until the destruction of Carthag<
that tihe Rumans secemed to hav
tuitned their alttenltion seriously a
thirubject. Tihey saiw the superic
retneett of that rival Empire, an
commercial eaterprise, uf, also to the
improvement of ier husbandry. They
razed her walls and laid her beaut%
in ashes; but while smoking ruitis
marked the spot whereher commerce,
ter magnificence and wealth had
flourished, they saved her learning.
Her genius and her arts were trans
planted into Rtoen atid amongst other
decrees ofthe Senate, we I.d the re
cord of ond, ordering the twenty
eight books of Mago, a Charthaginian
General, who was styled 'ihe parent
of husbandry,' to be translated into
Latin, by the most learned scholars,
lfor the education of the people.
FlTom about this period, therefire, we
may date the origin of Agriculture,
as:a scielIce, in the Roman Empire
and as ltome from her local sit.uation,
was-not well adapted for commerce,
she now directed all her energies and
resources to the promotion of hushand
ry. Its operations were conducted
by the greatest statesmen, and its
knowledge inculcated by her profinund
est scholars ; and u hat coitributed
Imost to its prgation, was the great
nimber of boo aks, both in Greek and
inl Latin, that were written upon this
subject, by emnineit, authors as well
as political leaders. Societie- to.,
were formed and public lectures were
delivered for the inforiation of the
peoiple, and under the quickeninig inl
fluectie of this new and aniiatingi
inpulse, lie blight and desolation il,
the civil Ileuids soon vanished from the
Iand. Theu name of Cato was revered
by the people, not mm-111e ihr his iustiiet
and generalship mu war, than for his
rigid honesty and extenyive tearning
yet he was confessedly the best litis.
bandman of his age, and Agri tilture
can pnint to no prouder name, in her
long list of scholars, than the inflexi
ble censor. But while labour was
thus plodding in her difficult furrow,
and wisdom was teachingr her lessons
of practical experen, the !ncg'
numbers of the Mantuan bard n(Omw
swelled upon lie air, and shed i .i
. a'h n -.ao n !he fairy aS
-d~ uso ., Ary nowoir
hius aary, n thse mianer hanld I ,
gil swept the chords. His rustic pip.
disC. ured swe,-t murie to the Wear1y
ha rlIer, and animated and refres.hed
ill is toi'some ocCunpation. The
war's had , l !.' haIly (if her
stiipped ol tsa..ii d d irenched
ill b1load. 'The intd. a C.ad tilled
thei were turned to pillag., and her
former hisbaiidmcii were itow the
plunderers. lut w hen his sof l Area.
diani notes breathed out t!eir harnony ,
the w ilder passions of :.! rars were
I' hushed, and peacefu idustry regaii.
ed her sway. T'h ar and t L;Nng
were hu::g upon the wIs f1r mnuii i.
-iments, id tl. iinpioniieits of bus
Imdry were brigh. again with elir
busy work. The: soldier no longer
f smixed his bread with blood, but niow
sweetened it with his sweat, and the
fields, where cam nage had lately rioted.
were once more glad with the
harvest, and bluished with ripening
fruits. The Vine. the olive, and
poiferous trees now spread their
green branches to the liappy sunlight,
and the land was wavin' with
luxuriatmt corn, where but lately the
'rank thistle had nodded in the wind.'
' Such was the pi sn:asive influence
iupon the human lheart of Virgil's
1getle but immortal muse.
r Blut there is pierhiaps no country of
the World that offers ma- ter of more
Icturiou~s speculation than the lan 1 of
Egypt. From her eairliest records,
~learning. and refinemenit huad fitlted her
p'talaces ; po werfiid under the Il'haroahis,
t' and5 wa atbwhy uinder thle l'tolemieis, she
was the niothler of the Arts nie I the
I- Sciences, iand the teacher of WiVisdomi
- to the Greek~s and Ilebrews, fromn
a whom, through the ftaimans, it was
1 iransmitte,.d to the nations of modern
-Europ1e. II er vwinderfuil mnumaniientIs,
r. covered ~vwihthe mysteries of hien long
a lost learn inig, lier cavern tempi rles and
i funeral groattr es have for ages emi
s ,ltoyed the lahors of the antiquary, anid
1 fretted the cu riaosi ty of the schotlnar.
s lhat, to the Agricultui isi, the p~ecuiliri
meains oft tier producetions suiggest
I rehle'ction~s of eqaln interest anad won
i d. r. Withi a suit, naetural :y barrewn,
surrounded by hilIts of rock upon the
Ione side and deserts of sand upon the
*, other, and never visited hy the rainis
- if heaven, she is yet highly fertilized
t by the nsial overhlow of the mnyste.
;rious ivr, uponii which alone she is
',dependent f'or thei purposes of irrigva
timin, and produces ini luxuriant abunid
-awice, not only the ordinary fruit and
.graiins of other countries, but also
r often yielding two crops wvithiin the
-year, without any perceptible dimeia.
e tion of lher extraardinary fertility.
s She thus st~aiids tt .0 the worlid sin
h, agricultu ral eun itv, .hiih ien
e herself the sinigle i'. dice of~ a lamd,
a sterite in its formantieti, ye'. n erted
r into the abode of perpetual 'verdure,
I by a strange and bountiful provision
r of Nature, whose soanm~av eludmim
6nd richer clime, to gather sudden
wealth by Lhe same ruinous policy tliat
has blighted and impoverished out
fields at home? Oh, no-rather,
return again to your paternal'grounds,
or revive their energies, and renew
their youth-pile thick your wealth a d
strength upon them-eurich them with
yo'u'r care, and adorri them with your
taste, and leave this monument to your
sons; to say 'my father tilled that field
this tree was planted y lii.i hand
thorght that vine to grow,-gather up
the resources that are scattered all
around you. and employ with no stiun
gy hand the wonder'ul ageits that
science is offering at your doors.
Then will your albandoned and fiorsak
en fields resune their long lost ver
dure, and the scandal of those waste
and desolated places he wiped from
our countLy; and while gencioui crops
will reward your toil, bright flowers
will spriig up in Your patti, and the
happy harvest moon will ,hed her
gentle iifluences upon your work well
done.
Ofithe several plants that now form
the staple products of our country, our
Corn and .Tobacco are perhaps the
onlv two that are indigeiious to Amer
ica. In England uid the Continent,
where the smaller grains coistitute
the chief articles of food among the
people, they are all include-I under the
one genzeral name or corn, hut I be
lieve that that which!i~e know as Corn,
an imopiroved grain from a native of'
soil. Tobacco also is original
amd ri eemed its name froti the
Jraman appellation of the island where
it wa% first discovered. It is said to
have been intoduced into England by
Sir Walter Raleigh, and is now culti
vited with considerable success in
many pdrtions of the Eastern llemis.
ph,- re. -ic' is an article of very
antcient us. And albaost universal
growth. We read of it in Horace, twi
sventns 1 .a0 ln o ni n
t he Crisany.era. Butteea hist
rye os ou great stpe otn isin
-C
fl u * '-A
Iit nm seem s- o b f de id frm
Other aser oo trie even before
the hristia era. But the early histo
ry ofour great sanple, Cotton, is in
volved in somarething of obsuf ithe
Its on seems to h derived from a
Lltit word, eottoneut , that signifies
te quince tree, froi the resemfblace
,it was thoughtm to bear to tire do-wn
saoll the tuice. That it b au very
braiient ofmt, and of very gpneral
rowth in the ariner climates ofthe
O0d World, seems highly lproUle
ron the acounts or the an ifrs whic
ent in it. Pliny, in is Natural
I Iist-orv, relates that 'Jinba, Whn wa
killer oNmideia iw n h ha e tio of esatr,
bnys thvt eton groweth mout the
branchos of trees, called Gossanpines,
mnd the inens thorof are fin rbther
than those of the idins,' from w hich
we may iiaf'r thut the bidian plant
Wats in it,, weed simiilar to our own.
lora we have muntin e of Cotton
beintr wovee into Clsth tore than
two yhousand yets a o, and is beiag
of' gciieral use am11ongf thle peC41l thoul
ft ii)ll t iMe of clothing. Inl a reco...i,
co and Cotton im the pioviince of Caro.
lina, that, in 1748 seven bags of Cotton
wei e exported .fromt Chalrlestoni, andu
that, in the year 1784, an Amer ican'
vessel that carried eight, bags of'Cot toi
was seized at Liverpool, on the groun,
thaut so much Cotton could not be pro.
dueed in the United States The seed
of' short btaple Cotton was originally
introduced inito this country from th'e
u editerranean, and the Cotton cultiva,
ted in C2arolina was most p'robabl)
imported f'rom Cyprus and Malta. Ii
reference to Sea Island, or black seed.
Cotton it is stated that, it began to be
risied ini Go~rgia, ini experiimenlal
quantities, in the year' 178t. the native
placte of the seed is bulie',ed t, be
Persia, and it, is dlesignlated as
Persian Cottoni in the WVest indies,
and by the merchants of E~nglanid.'
ilence it apptars :bmat the earliest
cotton pilan ted in our State was aboui
two-hundrecd years ago, that, it contin
ned td be raised in small quantitiew
until about fifty or sixty years ago,
when it begani to atract moure general
attention. It now wields an influene
fair mightier' than the uword upon then
destinies of 'the civilized world, and,
like the litI. yon of' former days, i
broods over the waters of' three frae.
Lions of the globe, and clothes the
nations iin the~ garb of Peace.
Within a few years past, Mr. Presi,
dent, a spiu it of agricultural enterpriac
seems te have been awakened in om
State, that promises the mtost happy
results. A bold anid novel effort Wgt
but lately muade to ouh~lvate the arn
nmaLti odoant, s'd to tuam.mu it t
the search of scienco to the present
day.
From Italy, Agriculture crossed
over into England, shortly after the
invasion of' Julius Ciesar. In the rude
and vimple barbarism of the original
inhabitants, the roots and . herbs and
spoitia lietus ptuducts of the earth,
seemed to have supplied their pritici.
pal subsistence. But although the rapid
succession of dynasties that filled her
early histpy and the constant wars
that occupied her people, interfered
and divet ted their attention from this
subject, yet they learned much, from
their foreign intercoursp, of the i(nowl
edge and practice of continental cul.
ture ; fir .France was formerly much
mo1' re advanced than England, in the
princi ples of liisbandry, having re.
ceived, by tradition and her neighbor
hood to Italy, many of' the precepts of
the hitnnan writ rs. li process of
time, hoi'wever, Agriculture became
one or the I. ading atures of the Eng
hih nation, and the wisdom ait.d on.
ser'vatii n of, her iitelligetnt people,
aided by capital and fugtered by pro.
tectiont, graduall y laid the fouidation
to the tmst beiatiful astir beriect sys.
ten the world has ever en. 11.-r
soil .not naturally rich, hais --t been
so highly improved byp a wi 6. d gen
ei ons cultur.-', through successive-'ars,
that it is said- to be more pioistic .pt;
this day than when fiist rectaisiled
from its virgin wilderneSs. WIth ti
energy and persevereneu that has
ma: ked her claracter, he has devel
opbed every source and eitploved -cverv
appiance of' skill and rt, in the .Ste"
cesSIul prosecution of* Lhis important
subject, and as the gentious earth will
ever reward the hand that feeds it, so
the system of rertilizinig an I careful
culture, with all the ingenious imple
iients of an intelligent industry, has
rOwIId the labours of the farmner
thet e with the ripe fullness of pletAy.
Vro EV lad Mr PsId t .
have derived our hirbh, our religion ati
oi.r laws, but n ur ii. iature. The
it :;rqar-a is as na un iM * ' i, *
I. iS eddu'in its e a.: i h
f ill pIipulatioi and a -lHin ied .
t'uy are compelled to pursue the plan
') . niiodel armiig, a nice preparation of
the soil, highly inainring and skilbully
%oling a it, so that .vewy fot r
.... Lss& * . . i ~ e
n ih i- . . 4:aa'u to the
d) .nd ipia -tice of his future calling,
harTiy it lie can succeed to the inithei
tance his J ither tilled, with little pros.
pects If enlarging its limits and
chiefly anxious to inerease its fertility.
'the cosseqiience of this system, now
pursuied -.r ceituries, is that the eye
of lie traveller, as he wanders o'er the
fields of' Enghmnd, is delighte.d with
the proslpect of a rich and luxuriant
growth, while the beau ties if rural ema
bellislnnentt aiid-tasteliil care commendl'i~
its cO1nho'ort Ind siggest its wisdom.
Not so with us. \ ith a boundless
cit of easy and tempting fJtility,
with a sparse po.-ulation utterly insuf.
licient to develope its resotumrces, while
our rivers on one side run down gold
aid ouri valleys on the'other teem with
the riches almost of enehanitient, and
vie with the classic vale of' Tempe in
the floral beauty of their virgin charms,
the forest huas abiuntdantly supplied
what a eareless tillage hIas expended.
and hitherto the axe seems alinust to
nave been subst t iutedl for the ploiigh,
\\'here is theu wonder then that out
eniterpirising sons fly fromn the ield:
thir fat hers have exhtaustedl, amnd seehi
amid the treasures of' the WVest th.
'goldien fleace ' of' fortune ?, liut t
hbetter and a brighter day is beginining
to dawn, and ot.r stipped and hungry
fieldis that have~ long tur ned theiri bar
ren ft'es to heaven ' as if' to imnplort
that help from abo've which man ha,
denied themi below, are biegimniing tL2
sileI again under the geiiial intflumence:
of' a kintder treatmenut. Science ha:
ttuchLed theta with he2r wandi, anid
hlloweirs are blooming now, where the
ihin grass shivered otn its slenider' stein,
atnd the reaper ntow bitts his fllI care'd
she'af, wihere but, yesterday tbu Iai
haJl sting betr Inatin tin the morn un
scared. I- was a be'autif'ul sentitment
of theo lBritish pot:
Englad, with alt thy f'aulta, I love' thee' still
Al - couintry ! and w hile. yet a nook i~ lef t
Vt hezr. English minds and imnnerh maly ben
bhalt be constrained to live thee'-thougha thi)
climo
tie fickte, andl thy year mfost hart defoermed,
With dripping raitts, or' witIi wdtby a froet
I woulad oit yet exchaingo thy sitaen askies
Amid Iields without at tiener, for wargmel
WVith altt hemr vines ; nor for Anleia's grovet
Of' golden't fruimages and he.r ..yrtio or.
Antd all I w e,TMir, have the ad van
tage of~ poss i coutrmy, whieh
G.od and' nature have adotrned with all
the att rat tive excellence of.sky, anid air
an. gil:,
" Wheore brighter *una diapense aore'ner light
And milder moons omiaradlie te might.''
Shahl we, sir, whio posess~ thui
favored realm, equander the bless
ings that lie thick aronid tis; anud
having beggared the soil by ou
ocodigal wate, ncok iii .,...
our soil; and although it may not have
realized the sanguine hope of its
author, yet the very effort itself, so
skillfully presented, forms an era of
interest in the history of our husband
ry. And now another pioneer has
launched his boat upon the tide of
Experime .tal Industry and ere lois
we may see the hill top of dur StatO
crowned with the great glories of' the
Vine and teaming with its rich liba
tions. Chemistry has analyzed and
exp ained to us the mysteries of the
earth; and Science has explored and
revea:ed to us the arcana of' nature;
upon every sido we !eo the evidences
of a lively and awakened spirit, and
the imulse of success has quickened
the energies if hidistry. Enterprise
iaswingeo l'er flight to unfrequented
isles of the ocean and, as with the
talisnian of the Eastern genii, has
struck from their b:.rren rocks the
gathered treasuresof unnumbered ages.
flie eye of the patriot delighted l
iniger on the prospect, and to revel in
the vision ofluxuriant fields that live
in beauty, dressed in the matale of
perenial green; for, Sir, the true Imihod.
ation of' a country's greatness is tier
Agriculture. It matters very little
about her exhaustless mines of gold;
or her unithomed caves of' peadl
every stream that sends its sparkling
tribute to the Ocean might be a Pacto
lus, aid every lake might glitter with
the wealth of Omari's labied waters,
yet upon her agriculture at least de
pends her prosperity and success.
l,9164k 54t.Sp111ai. Senr"e v iids thm an n
century ago, Fortune poured into her
lap the untold riches of her Western
dominions, and filled her coffers till
they burst with gold. lIl.uned with
the ' greed of gain ' every indust ial
pursuit was neglected in the - mad
desire of rapid wealth, and while her
streets n ere :glutted with the precious
met.as of the earth, her p. ople starved
fo Mad !4-6now f1e4ble and ener
........ ely a power In E.
ot scorn the pootr anid
ia narchy (of Spain. At i
Supon1 Aknlieiec' t
old for the p osperity of
0r people. Thu philosophic Biank.
stone scribus to Agriculture the ci igin
of'Cii ilization, Society and Law; lie
says ' the art, of agriculture by a regu
lar connection and consequence, intro
duced and established the idea oft a
more permanent property in the soil
than had hitherto been received and
adopted. It was clear that the earth
would not produce the .f1ruits in sutfi.
cient quantities without the assistance
of tillage ; but who would be at the
pains of tilling it if'another might seize
ulpon and enjoy the products of his
industry, art and labour ! Agriculture
then begat, propery, recourse was had
to civil Society, which brought with it
a long traiii of inseparable coticomi
tants, States,- Governments, laws, anJ
the public exercise of religious duties.'
If then such i its great importance, is
it not a matter of congratulation' that
it is beginning to receive the attention
it deserves? that the wise ate now
studying its theories, and the praeucal
Gare devel6ping its facts, the old are
improviuig the etperleite of their
former years and the young are try ing
the experiments of modein systems!
But nothing, sir, has coritributed more
to the advancemieni of this art, than
the formation of' Agricultmurdl Soeiles,
where niitid and thought are brought in
contact and bl'ightened by attrition.
In the countries of the old Wu'rld, the
imnprovemecnt of their' Husbanidry is
one of' the fitucrite objects oh' the pa'
tronaige of' government, and in ura own
Republic i. has attracted tile attention
of'our Federal Legislature, in the es.
tabl ishma en t of decpartmnents devoted
to its study ant' the dithlusion a f knowl.
edge ihr the imnprovemaent of' the pee.
pleO. Auxiliary to, this the formiation
of Agai oultnraj 8Societies, throughout
the several States of the Union has
beena very iapid and extensiic, and
now alnost every state dan p~oint, to
her bureau, or her coumnty Society, to
attest her' interest in ilims vital art.
P.rivate maunifieence alko has endowed
Prof'essor'ships in our Colleges to teitdh
the Science to onr youth, and public
mitelligence a te mnark~ed out the policy
of establishing ' Industrial Uniiversi
ties.' It is true indeed that in South
Carolina, public interest, as evinced by
the formation of' public bodies, has
been but slowly aroused to this imn
portant subject. Hear first Agricultur
al C.2onvenitionu was held in Columbtia
in the year 1839, and nowv she nuin
bers within her borders nut naore thana
six or seven distinct societies. B~ut
eir, thoughi she has enter'ee lato ini this
nioble race, yet she has put her shoulde
er to the whlI with a right good will
and seemns- now resolved to hiarnesi
fortune to the plought. May that aus
picius day soon come, an d mauy oul
Association, though so recontly ora
ized, be the harbidger of that' weoc
ful inprovemenat, by whicIr alm1iariat
forta have be overywbye~
dent, to sketch with 'a liaty" Mid M
perfect pen, something of the'IitiiA6d.4.
and Progress of Agricultui.
theme that. Poetry has :embf _I.hI-F
with her loftiest flights apd 'd6tifusae
dignilied with ennobling thought
a0 we live in, is ),ri tig ditV.
6 ished of all others bj practical dii
cries in the arts ot life; ad'first idqegg
them is the art of Agriculture. lh
others beautify and adorn, this is th
very lilfe-blood of society ;'it IiQ
to commierce the ricll matorS
which her argosies.niro-fi-eigi tgf. d
furnishes to tSie n.ce' aIic-i tfi'H Me 1
jects.of their skill-the.power' b
ence are becomiing triburary to
cause, and-tihe energ-es-of the ti,
intellects are being devoted to-Ait d
vancemnent. In a cauje, -then i6 o
ored in its study and so vital hir A
ends, let our wold be onward- tie
be up -and- doing ;- let no obstahiles re. -,
tard, no failures discourage yon, and i
Cach succeedim yeii- ill witnes'sn
its increastug .ruits, the happy Con!
quences of your skilful toft;
For the Suinter Banner.
Sumter Agricultural Assoe
lion.
The second Anmual Meeting, oW. I"
Association was held on the '24kh 6l
at the Temperanco lall,- which, tq"
gether with the enelnnd ot .2.
kindly tendered by the d o 4
sons of Cmperance . f.orde df
the Association. , '
F omi t) want of piort g ner id
tice of tie day of meeting,, ti "4
scnblage was not-as large as hnd' bei
quite numerous, eubracing he:nc
from almost every part of opr e
sive Di-,trict. Te exhilyitibpgge 4
embraced fine specimens QfiBO 'U
animals, both of the ngtive ady
ved stock. The collectiontof Ti
0! Grain was quite h ge a ad
live, showing an increasedi egieig
the part of-the members (f
soc of'tlin to >embersin I th t M44
sm:ill embr.icod som;.3 3 ht
would, have suffered nothiug
comparison with any anticles bo
similAr discription at any exhibt
The long line of coops, .well filed
Wilh the feathered tribe, couldiiot
have 1ailed to have given entire .sild
fa1tion to the mostffanciu iidmnirer
tor reaIlly itL was afancy show, mbra
cing all the known species. -fi the
beautiful sprightly .little Bnatam to
the huge Shanghie.
About thd hiir of oid slockc,
company assemLled in the Teinpe
ancu Hall. Afer an aphiprlitabr
er, by the Rev. Noah Ghi
lenry L1. Pinckney, jr., the miiver.
sary orator, was introduced by th
President to -the audience, and-,lu.is
ted their feelings and chained their t.
tention for near an hour, by'a. iAhisted
classical and. eloquent address.'
Immnediately after the addrei
motion of J. M. Caldwell, Faq., it
Resolved, That a committee ofthred
be appointed to request of Mr. ick
ney ai copy of his address for pub 'ca
Under the above r doptio d
Chair appointed the 'fonowi ga e
men to constitlta thit mommittee, ViZ
Col. WV m. Nettles, Gen.: S.' Ch&D
dler, and Dr. J. C. Hamynorth(
The umaipires were then. ins i~tc
to examime stock, &c., and- made th1
reports. .
In dindut two hours thd nieetin~
again called, to order--the idrlniw
commtaittees submitted. their i-*4phrg.,
ting to the latteneas of th6 ht Wr aig
teabsence of a large mnjrif h.
members, who' iived so'ne iWn
from the vilhage, aind -wore.fipu
.to leave early, the tansaceoprtIW'
ther business was posyi~ n
8th inst. 'S
Pursuant, to notied' ~h
mnet, and was called to: ordut
President, and Geo. WV. [ee
pointed Secretary pr 'tn
Ont mothin o Dr.- I. S "ThJt
Resolved TIhat J. D;ha
Secretary of the Assc
quested to reguflate s" jt
books antd premuiaIolt '
report to the Associatdd, .
as to the amuunt ct'fimdv
The meeting theti po.1
distribution of premuu~~
their exhibitioni ordh
lows: -
To Col. 3: tI. d
acre of Cotton ;the - ~
lbs, a e*p,'~lt. ~ '
year oldjolt,
harw are