Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, February 21, 1843, Image 1
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VOLUME VIII. CHERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY. FEBRUARY, 21, 1843. NUMBER 15.
. tu.. ? -- < - n ?
By M. MACLEAN.
Tcaiias?Published weekly at three dollars a
year; with an addition, wlion not paid within
throo month*, of twenty per cent per annum.
Two new subscribers inay take tho paper at
fire dollar* in advanoo; and ten at twenty.
Four subscribers, not rocuiving their papers
in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten
dollars, in advanco.
A year's subscription always duo in advance.
Papers not discontinued tosolvent subscribers
In arrears.
Advertisement* not exceeding 1 filinos inserted
for one dollar the first time, nud fifty cents each
ibsequont tune. For intertinns at interval* of
two weeks 75 cents aftor the first, and a dollar
if the intervals are Iong?r. 1'aymont due in
advance for advertisomonts. When tho number
of insertions is not markod on the copy, tho
adrertisninont will be insorled, and charged till
ordered out.
uj t no puiiafrp in 11 hl uo puiu in iniiorB 10 mo
editor on the buniness of tlio oHice.
ep iv&z? i
corn cultivated for the stalk and
leaf, and not for the grain.
From the Southern Agriculturist.
Savannah, March 14th, 1839.
Mr. Editor,?The high price of labor
is producing an important change in our
system of agriculture. From our cotton
plantations, the old treadle gin is disappearing,
and an improved roller horse gin
re supplying its place. Upon rice plantations,
the thrashing machine, impelled by
steam or animal power, is gradually expelling
that remnant of barbarism, the
Hail stock. Although the high price of
labor is a matter of regret, its tendency is
to make us better agriculturists. It calls
for u greater sagacity, as well as a more
rigid economy, in the management of
business. It makes us more saving of
labor, and more careful of the health of
the laborer. It leads to tho adoption of
1..1 : 1.: ? i - 'L ?
luutii-.invnig iiiciuiiiiiusj uiiu to me gradual
substitution of nniuiul power for human
power.
The maintenance of tho animals intro.
duced by ill is change of system, is a practical
question of great importance, and
upon this point I propose to submit a few
observations.
It is believed that the average crop of
corn and oats in Georgia and South Carolina,
docs not exceed twelve bushels per
acre. Upon this, and the fodder gathered
from the corn, wc place our dependence
for the sustenanco of the animals cmployed
in our agriculture. To produce a
sufficiency, we are compelled to enlarge
our plantings of these exhausting crops,
and we devoto to those purposes land already
impoverished and requiring rest.?
Among the ultimate consequences of such
a system, arc abandoned plantations and
emigration. To iniligttu this evil, and
to assist in the inaintenuncc of our animals,
1 propose a fodder patch, that is, the
cultivation of Indian corn expressly for
ine stuiK, nnu noi mr mc car or iHaile.?
I propose this stalk fodder, not ns n sn!>.
stitutc for grain, but us a valuable auxiliary?rendering,
in fact, the grain given
more efficacious, and enabling tlicnnimuls
to do with less. For the last six years, I
have devoted to tliis purpose a small lot
of land, and I estimate the product so
highly, that nothing would induce me to
abandon the culture. At the usual corn
planting season, this lot is trenched four
feet apart, with a bull-tongue plough, and
in these trenches wo sow tho common in.
dian corn, at the rate of two bushels and
upwards to the aero. During its growth,
this corn receives two or throe ploughing*,
nnd this is nil the culturo it gets?it is
neither hand-picked or hoed. At every
ploughing, the enrth is thrown fearlessly
towards the corn, which would he buried
n rtrl /loalrntforl ii/niro ?* n/\? ?
? (?? MVV?.VfVU| ?v.u % tllill 1IIU l||?|.*?
of plants, growing in tlie trenches, enables
it to resist the pressure of the earth thrown
against it. By this treatment, every particle
of grass growing at the root of the
corn is completely destroyed.
When the fodder corn begins to tassel,
we begin to use it, and not before. The
reason is manifest. It is a well known
law of vegetable life that when plunts arc
in bloom, then their mucilaginous, saccharine,
and nutritive properties, arc most
fully developed. This is proven l?y the
fact that if herbs he gathered f?>r distillation,
or grass ho mown lor hay, before
the appearance of the blossom in both instances,
they yield no vnlualtlo products.
To this Inw Indian corn constitutes no
exception, and hence our reason for wait,
ing until it tassels before we commence
using it. If gathered before that time,
iiir ?*n riiiinoi/.n ?? *
...j |r\, *->ii( ?j \>11 id nun inu sum n ui nine
or no value.
We wait, then, until it tarsals before
wo l>cgin to use it. Tito ploughman,
with a short scythe or sickle, cuts it up at
the root, tuk<s it by largo nrnifuls to tli<>
cutting box, and when cut it, is mixed with
chopped oats, and given to our working
animals. 1 feel satisfied, when a sufliciencv
of this chopped corn stalk is mixed
with their oats, that plough horses and
mules will do with one-third, perhaps one.
half less grnin. Besides, while using it,
no othei forage is required, and this is no
trifling convenience. When planted nt
hid uaiuii bdh^uii) me louuer corn npgin
Co tassel about the 20th June, it come
in at a time when there is frequently i
n pressing necessity for fodder?when thi
ploughs are in full action?when animal
require food of the most nutritive kind
and when frequently tho blade crop of tlx
preceding year is totally exhausted.
We continue to use this fodder corn a
long as it lasts, and it has this great re
commendation, tliut the longer it stands
until actually killed by frost, tho inon
palatable it appears to become to animals
Al\cr the tassel has dried up, when oven
blade hangs down, and has become color
less, when in fact from external appear
ance, we would pronounce the plant ac
I tuully dead, tho stalk will ho found ?o In
perfectly green. I have satisfied mysel
of this fact, by repeated observation,
have gone into this fodder patch for sevc
ral years in succession, as late as the mid
die of October, and have invariably fount
the stalk of the corn green and more rtcl
in its nutritive properties, than at ant
preceding period. The juices of (lie plant
after being elaborated in (lie leaves, np
pear to lie concentrated in the stalk, ntu
it contains at that time so much saccha
rinc matter, that it approximates its taste
to the upper joints of the sugar en no itself
That this protracted vitality of the stall
is owing to the fuct, that the plant is nev
cr deprived of the blade, 1 have not ;
shadow of doubt. At the very time ir
October when I found the stalk of thii
fodder corn green, crisp, and juicy, tin
stalks of the crop corn from which tin
fodder had been gathered at the usua
season, were dried up and dead. I infoi
from these facts, that the early gatheritq
j of fodder is a pernicious practice?he
cause, by impairing the vitality of tin
stalk of tins corn plant, when in the von
act of perfecting the ear, it necessarily
interferes with the complete maturity o
the grain. 1 advance this as no novelty
hut only to rtileralc an important ngri
cultural truth. It has been demonstrates
hv repeated experiments among the farm
ersof the middle and northern slates, thu
" topping corn" seriously diminishes th<
amount of the crop. By parity of rea
son, the abstraction of the fodder before
the maturity of the grain, must be attend
ed with consequences proportionality in
jurious. It is the general impression o
planters, that the car of the Indian cori
is completely matured at the time o
gathering the fodder, uud hcnco that n<
| injury results from taking away lite Marie
I greatly doubt the correctness of litis im
piession ; Indian corn being an mutual
the whole energies of the plant are direct
cri to the perfection of the ear, nil tlx
other parts of the plant are hut the wim
and means provided for the accomplish
ment of this end. Now, it seems to iiu
reasonable, and probable, that as long a
the leaves and stalks remain green, the}
continue to impart something of value t?
the ear. The strong sympathies wliicl
are known to subsist between the ear, tlx
stalk and the blade, go to confirm thi:
opinion. If the green ear is destroyei
by a squirrel, the leaves of that plant sooi
become discolored, aad it premature!}
dies. If the blades he stripped when tlx
corn is in mutton, the stalk perishes, am
the car is shrivelled and light. You cai
mutilate no one part of the plant, withou
infl.cting serious injury on tlx; other two
Could we abandon the gathering o
fodder, we should in many respects In
greatly the gainers. The plant would cs
cape mutilation, and consequently the en
would he completely perfected; the gran
would he plump and heavy ; would inea
sure further, and fatten more. Besides
t | 11 I _ A 1 - **
uiciu miuiu u? me (jriiin (d lime. 1 licri
is no work done on plantations, wliicl
makes so poor a return for the labor ex
ponded. I Imvo heard practical men sir
that n smart man will, with a scythe, cu
a greater weight of hay in a day, thai
any five hands can gather in blades. A
far as mv experience goes, this falls shor
cf, rather than exceeds the truth.
llut the question is asked, What shal
we use in lieu of blades ? My answer i*
we have more land capable of yieldm;
hay than wo imagine. Upon every plan
tat ion there are low grounds, shallov
ponds, and patches of swamp, dcvolei
commonly to rusher, brambles and gun
sprouts, which, if (.rained and ploughed
yield hundsome crops ol liny. Our ordi
' nary highlands produce tolerable cropso
grass, if cow.penned and ploughed. Ann
ther resource is that of cutting the gras
which springs up on our stuhhlc lamb
from which crops of small grain have heei
tuken. Another source of supply wouh
he this fodder corn 1 urn recommending
Two or three acres of good Inndappropri
ated to this purpose, would furnish a bug
supply of Ibrngc. The corn might he cu
and stacked in the fields, as is the prar
tice of the farmers of the middle and north
ern states, and this might lie done at an
tniio in September or October, as wool
best suit the convenience of the plan!
I nr.
Fodder diligently gathered from thos
would nt lenat enable <h to du
---- I * " ? " ""
r mitigation ol' tho evil, if we can employ v
r the stalk measurably as a substitute lor (|
. grain. n
V AltllM'XKS OF OF WII FAT. l(
f From the Cicncscc Farmer. 55
f At the first meeting of the Knglish Ag- v
f ricultural Society, the lirsl prize of twenty 1
, sovereigns, (or about 97 dollars,) was '
. awarded to Col. Le Couteur for his uc- *'
| count of the most approved varieties of c
wheat cultivated in Lnglund. Col. Le v
^ Couteur has doubtless paid more atten- ?
lion to wheat and made more accurate H
experiments in its cultivation, than any *
o.hcr person living, and his opinions nre a
therefore entitled to great weight. We ll
condense from the remarks of Lord Spencer,
the President of the Society, n sketch
' of tho favorite kinds, with some other pur>
ticulars.
f Tho first kind, or the one deemed the
? most valuable, was the Hoary White or ;|
. Velveteen, from tho chalf having a downy c
. or velvet feel. This wheat after being ret
pcntedly washed in brine that would float (j
an egg or a potato was again washed in
, lime. The lund wns nrgillaccous, and hud |{
^ been well manured with dung, and pre- (|
pared with the usbes of sca.weed and lime,
in places that seemed to require such a
dressing. The seed was sown on the 29ilt n
* of January, two bushels per acre, and wait (>
k harvested the 10th of August. Tho aver'
ago produce was 48 bushels of 62 lbs,
1 each. This produced of fine flour 2,402 |,
' lbs., pollard 120 lbs. und of hrun 416 lbs. |,
s Tho estimated clear profit of ail acre ol"
I this wheat wus J?15 6s. 9i. j-(
i Tho next variety in quality nnd value
was the Jersey Dantzic, but known in dif. (i
. fercnt places by various names. This tT
| wheat has n smooth chnfT, and is not lia- p
, hie to smut. It ripens a week curlier than
( the velveteen; but in a wet warm season (
is considered subject to iwst. Tlie produce ,,
' of nn ?ero of tins whent was 4:) 1-2 bush- (-(
I els, with 430 lbs. of chafl*, and 4,Q^l lbs. M
11 of straw. Eighteen pounds of the flour ?
* made a loaf ol 25 3 4 lbs. weight, thus
r proving its value for rnuking bread, ns ub1
sorhing and combining with nearly one.
- half its weight of water. The average ,|
i, profit per acre of this wheat is estimated ,,
i! at ? 12 1 Is. Qd. I,
i The third variety wns the Whining- fl
. ton, which was sow n in drills three inches u
i. apart, on land that hud borne potatoes the v,
I previous year, subsequently to which it ' ^
, liad been dressed with lime and sen weed j t|
ashes. The wheat was 29 days coming I (.
' up, hut tlio crop was abundant, the straw ?
being generally six feet, and sonic of it
seven feet in height. It ripens some ten (|
days Inter than the Dantzie wheat, hut S|
? does not degenerate, The average pro's
duco per aero was 33 bushels, with 4S3 jj
lbs. of chall", and 7.7SG lbs. of straw ; the M
v latter being greater in amount than in
I any other species hut one. There were ((
n obtained from one ucru 1,454 pounds of *
|f flour, 477 l!is. of liraii. and 47 pounds of (
uollaid. The bread made from it i? it:,rl/
j- but it keeps well lor several days." The j (I
t profits of this wheat per acre are estimated | j"
at ?\2 lis.
The fourth variety not ced was the j s
' Talavera Hollovue, sown on the 3.1 ol (
" February on a li^ht rich loamy soil, 3
'' bushels per acre, in drills. The seed heinj;
' very largo an extra quantity is required. ,
i if 11 y, appearing noovc mi: ground j)
' in 25 days ; ami is no uvirc subject to (lis
it ease than 1 lie generality of whito wheats. ' ^
' On account of the weight of (In: car this : j
i. wheat is liahlo to lodge, or he driven (lown ; (|
y hy tlic wind. The produce was 52 bush- '
,j els per acre, or I). 172 lbs of grnin, 282 (|
I lbs. ofchnfF,and f).480lbs.ofstraw. There ,
were 2.485 lbs. flour, IIS lbs. of pollard, |
J and 588 lbs. of bran. This wheat makes ;
a finn white bread. Tlio profits per aero
I a as estimated at CIO Is.
s penso wun a pari ol the blade crop. The
s stripping might he postponed until the (
n blades below the ear woro dead. By that '
c time, tho grain would lie so far matured, f
s that it would suffer far less than happens ' 11
, when every blade is green at the timo of
0 gathering. v
I liavo never yet ascertained tho weight ; ^
s of an acre of fodder corn, but have no ^
. hesitation in saying that it is very great. 1
One acre of good land will furnish an t
u nbundnneo of forago for four horses fur i ?
. three months. Alulcs appear to ho espe- ; n
^ eially fond of it, and cows running upon s
. ordinary pastures, will, if fed with these I
. chopped corn stalks, double the butter in q
. a few days.
2 It is well known that the avcrnge crop '
f oi corn of the middle nnd northern states, u
1 exceeds our own, and Hint this arises not : v
. so much from superiority of soil, as from j *
. the numlier of stalks they nre able to
. V
| crowd upon an acre. With them, the j
! corn plant does not attain a height of l(
f more than seven or eight feet, while with s
, us it is not uncommon to see stalks four- s
. teen feet in height. As a consequence, s,
| they uro able to leave four stalks in a hill, tl
. when we leave only one, and hence their tl
3 crops nre larger than ours. In this cli- 3
mate, then, the tendency of Indian corn ti
{ is to grow to stalk, rather than to ear, nnd
. by adopting the plan I propose forcultivu- j '
tiller il nviirnuilu Cm.- il." ? l.l...l_ - ' tl
i " "td vrtjr.wujij wi iiiv; cdi ui umui-j )uu
i take advantage of that propensity, and j1
4 correct wliut may bo termed an incumber?
uncc to valuable practical uses. If this
? immense growth of slulk militates against
. ...
I (111! Iirodlicf if in r?f irr.a a ? It
Somo other kind;} were noticed, as tho i
olden Drop, very productive ; tho Comdoii
Prolific, u course wheat; and Brown's '
'rolifie, a good whoat on soils suitable to .
ts growth ; hut all, in the opinion of Col. |
.0 C., yielding in value to the four first j
uricties named. From the amount stated !
s the average of tho crops, it would not J
com to exceed that of many fields in the i
ieneseo country ; though the general
verago in England is far greater than in
lie United Slates. Of tho four varieties
^referred, the Whittington, from which so
uuch has been expected in this country,
lands the lowest in the scale of producivencss.
From what we hud heard of the
|iiality of the berry of this wheat, as cxlibited
in the species imported by Mr.
riiorburn, we were not prepared to find it
wheat that would make ' dark breud,'
rhich it seems is the fact. The incidcnal
rcmurks on tho time of sowing theso
/heats, and tho period elapsing before |
egetution, will explain in part the mistake
iito which the purchasers of the Whittingr>n
wheat have fallen in this country, in 1
opposing it to he a spring wheat in otio
eiise of the term. The English fnrmeis j
ow wheat from September to April; and j
lio wlu-nls sown during tho winter, as j
liey do not vegetate or come forward till 1
larch, arc called spring wheats, in dis- [
inclinn from those sown in September I
r October, and vegetating immediately.
'ho tori 111' W bents. i?rnni?rlir snnullml I
, r. * I r~''J v?M.vu, UIU
here usually sown in April. The nverge
temperature of Great Britain is much
ivver thnn with us, consequently grain of
II kinds ripen more slowly, and the barest
is proportionality later than with us
i the United States.
There can he no doubt that new and
ulunlile varieties of wheat c.in be proueed
by skilful cultivation ; and though
t is not probable that all the most essoined
varieties in Great Britain would
uccced well in this country, or prove as
aluablc in our climate as in theirs, still we j
bink well ol the efforts made to introduce j
he most approved kinds, nnd do notqucsion
that our farmers will tied their interst
in so doing. In ul| attempts to cultiate
English wheat in this country, how.
vcr, the difference between oui seasons
ud theirs must he hnrrio in mind, or the
owing will tukc place nt improper times,
nd certain disappointment be (tic result
j the cultivator.
to:: con and corn crcsukr.
Berks county, Nov. 1842.
At the Into meeting of the Philadelphia
igricultural Society, (here was exhibited
machine for crushing or grinding the
ob with the corn lor cattle provender?
most valuable improvement, and well
cserving the favorable notice of every
ne engaged in the pursuits of husbandry. |
t luis by some been questioned, whether
fie cob alone contains sufficient nutrilent
to render it worth the labor nnd exnn<n
of irm?/lini? !%??* 11....
? ) ?/?n ti nil IIIU UIUIU 13 (
0 oouht about it, and it is only n matter
f surprise that every one should not long
go have been convinced of the fact by
xperimont, which might easily be made
y boiling crushed cobs in water for some
ours, when, on straining off the water
nd setting it to cool, it will be found to
>rm a jelly.
At the above mentioned meeting I bad
le pleasure of conversing with tho intellicut
inventor of the machine, Mr. Byer y
; lie is a tanner, and the cob crusher
1 mndo after the plan of his hnrk-mill.? I
>n inquiry relating to tho quantity of nurinient
contained in the corn cob, he injrined
me, that near his bark-mill was a
eup of cobs that had been thrown out as ,
solcss, when u poor woman of the neighorbood,
whose only cow was almost tho
nly means she hud of supporting her i
niiilv, came to ask for some cobs, and [
lint he would pass them through the hark- i
nil as food for the cow ; this lie did,and j
is petitioner 01 me regularly after, duing
tho winter, to get her supply of crushd
cobs. At the end of the senson, ho !
/cut to see the cow, and found her in the
nest condition, her owner assuring him j
tint she had been fed entirely on the
rushed cobs, boiled in her iron pot, by 1
Inch she had been enabled to support
Imost entirely herself and children by j
lie sale of the finest milk and butter ever .
Ren !
In an essay 011 Indian corn, by P. A.
Irovvne, I'.sq., see p. 187, 2d vol. of Cab.
let, it is said, "The cob may lie ground 1
r> fallen entile, and nn oil may hocxtrac- <
I'd from it." It in also said, "Peter Mi- |
cr, of Albemarle county, Virginin, made j
be following experiment : bo bad ten j
iislicls of meal of tlio corn and cob J
round together, weighing 367ll>a., and
en bushels of purr, corn mwl, subjected
n the process of distillation, nnd tbo reult
was, 1M gallons of spirit from the Int.
nr, and 13 gallons from the former. Now,
f the corn cobs bad been destitute of nil
alue, I he product of the former, cstimning
the quantity of pure corn meal ut five ,
tisbels, which is the peneral rule, tonllow j
no half in bulk to the cob, ought to have
eon nine gallons only ; but thirteen gal- 1
ans having been obtained, four of them
mist have been extracted from the cob." j
t is worthy of a passing remark, it is id- )
led in a note at the bottom of (lie page,
If (boy wish to cultivate Indian corn for |
odder alone, or for making sugar, I hey j
an doprivo it of the power ofgoing tooar,
,nd make it throw all the juices into the ,
talks and leaves."
I have witnessed many instances of tho 1 of
a Ivnntages resulting from grinding the , wh
cob with tho corn, and have never known j in
n person (who had tried it dissatisfied sin
with the rcstilt ; it is they only who know ; co?
nothing about it who object to it : at nny ! bci
rate the ground cob must bo as good as
bran, and an addition of one or two thou*
sand bushels of bran to the means of feed
ing stock during tho winter would not be DI
thought lightly of by nny, one would suppose,
it has been remarked, tho cob is ?
peculiarly adapted and conveniently situated
for grinding and mixing with the
corn, assimilating with it, nnd forming a In
meal peculiarly congenial to the health of
animals ; giving just tho due proportion
of coarso food to mix with the fine ; a no- to I
cessary consideration in tho feeding ofjhul
slock; nnd withal so cheaply supplied, ; no<
that one is at n loss to conceive how tho j usc
thing has so long been neglected. The j 'l0
objection to grinding the cob with the I 'he
corn, while it is new, could be obviated v!e
by kiln-drying the cars tho lore part of the :
season ; but this would not bo requisite ] es,
more than a couplo of months or so, after ,nn
harvest, as by that timo tho ears will he
sufficiently dry, so us to allow them to ho n"'
ground, without danger that the meal Tri
would ferment in tho bin. I remember a l'c?
correspondent in a former number of the I*'1
Cabinet observes, that Mr. Alexander jus
Cooper, of Jersey, has long been in tho
custom of grinding the cob with the corn, K01
and that his stock is remarkable for health ; 'utl
and condition ; and, from late inquiry, 1 I n''<
find that ho still continues tho practice tuf1
with perfect satisfaction. While on a nK<
late visit to one of the snme family, at
Camden, tho last week, I observed the }
same mode of feeding carried out to a I dot
considerable extent, and with complete , c'u
success ; the meal having been ground . vni
so fine, that no one without close exami- 1 Sin
nation would have tho idea that it was j to '
aught but meal from clean corn, it is n | On
i?ia.i iu mu cuumry mm every mill is i cul
not fitted for the purpose of grinding the I but
cob \y it lit lie corn when desirable?would 'be
our millers think seriously about it. wit
R. Demiam. l,oa
Farmers' Cabinet, nnJ
disi
From the Farmers' Register. 'be
lime. be |
1 know not, Mr. Ruffin, that what I
can say upon tha subject of agriculture cet(
is worth the paper upon which I write
this cominunicution; but bo that ns it j
may, I write to tender you my thanks for mo
the able manner you liavo conducted the tj,j,
Register, and to tender you my gratitude j
for the great ability you liavo displayed ma
in pressing the uso and showing the sen
worth of lime. Poverty in land is noth- opc
ing more than (lie absence of lime and J veil
vegetable matter ; yet wet land, however i nr*t
rich, cannot ho productive until it is per- j bov
fectly drained. The exact quantity of ac*'
lime to bo given to every acre of land is Sro
by no means settled by my practice. 1 ; sarr
have used from 40 bushels up to 300, and I jur(
if I could make choice, [ would take 300; i 0ju|
yet 40 made improvement. The quanti- jjjs
ty to bo given depends upon the condi. jep(
tion and constitution of land ; yet poor fort
or rich, it is easy to sec that a beneficial | nan
change is made by it. As I create by j pas:
lime and plaster great masses of vegeta- j diai
i.i.. I
< ? muiivi, 111 v iiiuiimi ing is very c.\icn- | cm;
sivc, and might he doubled. Any part of j His
my farm, to suit my convenience, is made I wet
meadow, hut in cutting it we takes care row
to avoid any part that may slio v our old
acquaintance, poverty grass. Upon this ma<
grass grows crop after crop, until green j5 ^
or hluo grass succeeds the poverty grass. ,t t|
I save of the second crop of clover all t ho gtc(
seed 1 can, and give the earth, ns soon wjr
as the frost begins to leave the land, not enc]
less than 2 gallons of seed per acre. \
I failed in my wheat crops for two , son
years ; the last year 1 had a great crop | cau
which weighed 61 l-2lt>s. to tho bushel, a c<
millet's weight ; hut 62'hs. was fuirly the ! Un
weight. My failure induced mo to , 'alr
change my mode of cultivation. 1 turn- j e" '
ed down every thing and harrowed ro- . J108
peatedly, and then seeded with two-horse
cultivators, and this practice 1 shall con- j
tinue until farther instructed by c.xpcriencc.
I cannot press the use of lime in y(a
terms sufficiently strong to show my csti- j wo
mate of its value. lie that drains his
land and uses it freely will have no occa- or I
sion to griovo or mourn lor better results the
than lie will obtain. You would liavo for
heard from me ot'lener, hut for my aver- otli
sion to preaching to a deaf conureiration. *1?'
Time will cure (his, or remove the pa- j ',ni
tient to (lie west. The ?lay will come f?rc
when the tide.water part of Virginia will j 'J10
ho our pride and boast ; let thoso who ; ,e1
hear me mark the result. I had inten. { 1
ded to closo this by giving you a list of I
the crops of my predecessor for 10 years, ' j
and those of my own, but this would do ' jlC|
no good, especially as I hnvo put my farm sur
in the market and wish tu .sell. nin
I.mi:. ths
Fairfax county, l)cc. 11, 1842. hni
poi
From the Trenton State (inzettc of Feh. 2. re^
The great ox was led through the streets j tnT|
yesterday by a procession of butchers in i ae<
their whilu shirts. The ox was dressed of
in ribands of various colors, and bad an dit
orange on ?ho tip of each hoi n, according diu
' ?o the well established cucto'ri. A bund on
r ? I. ry rj
music accompanied the procewian,
iich wont choering through the street*,
triumphant style. The ox will be
ughtorcd to day. It weighs 4000* end
it the owners, Messrs. Myers end Dkn*
rry, a round sum.
* i w??
POLITICAL.
iMOCRATIC OR LOCO FOCO DEPART.
MENT.
'
From the N. Y. Morning Poet. ,
JOIII C. CALHOUN*
hlv Personal* floral, and lateltoe*
tual trails of character.
Tho characters of public men belong to
[he People, not only for their service*
t also for their love and admiration ;
r enn tliev ever iustlv romnr?h?nil ih.
f ?/ 1 ? ?
s to which their public servants should
applied, or the positions worthy of
m, but from a personal and intimate
wof their whole moral as wellasinteU
tunl characteristics. Splendid speechor
exhibitions of profound thought
y givo the appearance of wisdom ; but
ur all, it is the wisdom of the heart, and
that of the head only, which finds out
nth. Truo statesmanship, in a R?pubconsists
in currying out into public af"h,
the highest principles of right and
ticc, and to practico, or oven discern
i.so principles, in tho difficult affairs of
rernment, implies not only thegreatest
ellcctual endowments, but the moat ox2d
moral uttributes. Hence the impor*
ice to the people, in selecting their
Mits for tho administration of their
tirs, if possible, to know them personf?to
sec the man in his social and
ncstic relations, as woll as in the dieirge
of his public dutios,?and thua be
iblcdtojudgo of tho patriotism of the
itcsmnn by his fidelity to dutios nearer
litn, as n parent, neighbor, friend.?
r country, consisting of multitudes, is,
nparatively spcuking, an abstraction;
the objects around our hearths, and
heating bosoms in daily intercourse
h us, will call out whatever virtues wo
isess ; and it is difficult to believe that
f exist for tho former, which are not
closed in the latter relations. For
ite reasons we have thought it would
grateful to our readers and axpedient
ourselves?having long since announ*
I our preference of John C. Calhoun,
iho next President of the United States
roin the most authentic sources to en*
ivor briefly to delineate tho personal,
ral, and intellectual characteristics of
i distinguished statesman,
jeeauso matter is not spirit, * the hun
faco divine'* can never fully ropret
the soul within ; and instead of an
n window, it is but too often a thick
I to tho bright intelligence and noble
urc which fills our hcincr. Few fam.
vcver, more faithfully reveal the chareristics
of the man than that of the
at Southern Senator. It is of tho
to cast, and strikingly rcsombles GenI
Jackson's. The thin, hard, pale fea:s?-jutting
forehead?compressed, resto
lips?deep, large caglo eyes, with
hair standing up (if curled it would
arm him,)?all contribute to place bej
us a high, stern and beaming countsice.
Yet its light is not the light of
sion ; but like tho heartless rays of the
iiond. seems to bluze with the intense
rgy of pure vchomcnt intelligence.??
body would scorn to indicate original
ikness,?tall and sparo, with high narshouldets,
slightly stooping ; but by
its of temperance and industry, he has
Ju it an admirable slave to his will, and
able of irninenso labor, physical and
:IIocIuqI. Miss Martineau called him
le cast iron man," we suppose from hia
n and inflexible countenance, but steel
e is a far bettor simile for the tough
luruncc and elasticity of his frame.
1V0 have thus briefly described the pernl
appearance of Mr. Calhoun, beisc,
although for more than a quarter of
cntury ono of tho greatest men of the
ion or tho ago, influoncing public afs
at every turn, and repeatedly crownvith
tho highert honor tho Republic can
tow, savo one?ho is probably less
>wn personally to the people of the
ited States, than any of our distinshod
statesmen. He has never breath
.?.?? u>iaivii|iiiuiu uut umi ui ine united
itcs. Holms never visited the North,
believe, since he was a law student at
oilfield, in Connecticut. He has nevbeen
in tho West. The truth is, neir
his love of home, nor his limited
tune, hnvo allowed him to pursue any
cr paths than those of strict duty, and
nestic happiness. Prom Washington,
mediately at the close of cvory Con*
ss, he hurries to his homo, under tho
untnins of South Carolina, and there
,rotos himself to his furm and bis fam*
Mr. Calhoun has often been called a
:oiist, an abstractionist, probably only
those who arc incnpuble of eompre*
tiding a?y truths, but those on the
faco at' things ; but a rnoro practical
m, ono who more clearly comprehends
i adaptation of means to ends, will
<11 v be found. In early lifo, his pro ty
lay in the middle and morn fertile
;ion of South Carolina, where it was
nnuuiKIn f/?s b ? r !?
,iVm.ui? avi iu linsu ins i tunny, on
:?unt of it? sickliness; nnd tho habits
(lio community rondcrcd Inrgc cxpentires
in living, to ono of his personal
unction, Hlinost unavoidable. Intent
managing his own atTaus, and rcanng