Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, February 07, 1843, Image 1
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VOLUME VIII. CIIERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY, 7, 1843. NUMBER 13 j
9 . | MB MM - - y?rr,
at iii?ujw jj x-iujj m i'J'/mw ? <3uaMgA.*m? i
By M. MACLEAN.
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1
From the Southern (Athens, Ga.) Whig.
u For the encouragement of manuring,
I send you the following practical facts
just as they occurred: if you value Ihetn
us highly as I do you will make room for
* : c ?..I,I
thej*? it) your paper, a piece ui mu v?w^
est. poorest and most worn out land 1
^ owned and thickly set with Bermuda
gtass was selected. (I should observe
the Bermuda grass when well broke up in
the winter gives very little further trouble
although it is not killed,) the piece of land
^ being well broke up twice in the winter,
was put in corn and well cultivated, it was '
a g<?od crop year, the corn including rot.
|p ten nubbins and all made near one barrel
to the acre, next winter the field was
made larger, well broke up and covered
broad cast with leaves from the woods ,
and such other manure as was at com.
mand, it was put in corn and made three
barrels per acre of good corn. It was
again well broke up 111 the winter, cover
ed broad cast with leaves and soil from
the woods, with a little manure from the
horse lot, a storm passed over the field
and blew it very badly, it however measured
seven barrels of good sound corn
(much of the corn being rotten and not
<wM?siirPfM nrr acre. The whole field
'/ r?
was now sowed in Quts without manuring,
nil who siw it said it was tuO hest
iield of oats they ever saw, it was very
till and had to be cut with reap hooks;
Middlcton Thompson who is a good practical
planter insists if it had made one
more shock the ground could not have
held the shocks, it made three large clou,
ble stacks per acre ; as the size of a j
ft nek of oats is only comparative, to give i
H Letter idea of its produce, I would say,
on fresh land the best Oats 1 have ever
has never produced more than one
slack of the same size to every three
acres, so that this field made nine times
as much per acre as the hest land I ever
cultivated, 't he next winter this fi* Id
was partially covered broadcast where it
seemed most to need it, with litter from
Ihe woods as well us from the horse lot,
and directed to he twice broke up during
the winter, another liitle field of fresh ;
land was manured broad-cast where it J
most required it, with stable manure,
which was given to me by one of my
neighbors; another little field of this land
was put in cotton, the rest of my cotton
crop was 150 acres on another part of the
plantation not connected with these three
little fields ;?I had a long spell of sickness,
and when i was able to examine my
crop, I was disappointed to find that the
whole cotton crop was planted without
breaking up the ground in the winter, and
covered in such a way as to throw the
cotton seed out of the rows instead of covering
them in the rows. I discharged
my overseer immediately, employed Mr.
Barber, a good practical planter, in his
place, he was directed to piss over the
crop, examine and see what had best ho
done, his opinion was that 150 could proJ
? ?""- ? ?'I U...I koitor kt> nliiiiirli. I
Giice 110 coimii uiiu iiuu wv
cd up and put in corn, that on the other
three little fields, by careful working, a
half stand might be saved ; so observe the
cotton crop consisted of three little fields,
making as we guess 15 acres ; by having
to plough up 150 acresand plant it in corn,
the cotton lost its first and most important
working, the Bermuda grass by losing its
winter's breaking was very much in the
way and done much injury, we think no
part had more than half a stand. Now
tor the produce : when nearly all the cotIon
was picked out, I directed Mr. Barber,
who, observe, is a good practical
planter, to get bagging sufficient and
have it ginned and packed, in a few days
fie came and said the cotton would overgo
his calculation, and required more bagging;
the quantity he wanted was got;
in a few more days he again came and !
I informed me the cotton still over went his [
' calculation, and he must have more bag- '
ging, he was again directed to get it ; I
now went to examine my cotton and)
rather found fault with Mr. Barber as
a practical planter, in his judgment
' 1 I... U _
what the land womu pr ounce ; no ?*nu no
had made tiie crop and knew how much
it had been injured, first, from loss of the
lirst and most important working ; second,
Bermuda grass from not being broke up
in the winter had been in the way the
yhnie season and injured it greatly ; that
8g#fn, pait of it was not manured at all,
ithtj tiiat no part had half a stand, that lie
?u? (;pn|}dcii| jihad net made hull'a crop,
that it was all now ginned up. that there j
was, 16 5? yard bags of well packed cot- i
ton that he certainly never was so much
deceived, and was more fully convinced
that the study of the planter should be
how to manure. Is not the history of the
/ s * A A _
little crop as I have given it, sutnoieni in
put those who shall read it, in the notion
that the proper system of planting is to
cultivate less land, make that rich, and ;
put it in high culture, here is (by guess) ;
15 acres which we think by bad manage- |
ment has not made half a crop, still pro- j
duces 16 bales. Now take the plantations
such as we shall find them over the
country, if a planter wishes to make fifty
bales he will be unsafe in trusting to make
it on less than 200 acres ; make 25 acres
rich and put in high culture and he will
be sure of his fifty bales (barring accidents,
if he will put his whole crop under
high culture, he will have 7-8 of his time
to make manure, and still make as much
as he now docs ; the question is not where
to find the manure, whoever begins will
always find the materials at command, if
he will give sufficient time and attention
to it, 7 8 of his land will be at rest and he
can select the best spots to manure? !
lightly manuring land is a waste of time |
and labor, the crop perhaps is improved, {
but the land is no better than before, to .
manure year after year until the whole
nature of the land is chemically changed
and poor land made rich : the field above
alluded to was a thin white ridge, it now
looks like dark low ground ; I have never
yet made one acre rich, but by partially
manuring a number of acres I have made
in corn 46 bushels per acre, in oats the
products have been increased nine fold, in
wheat 45 bushels to the acre, 5 bushels is
a passable crop, in cotton I have never
made an acre do its best,?I presume if
100 dollars was offered to him who would
cultivate the best acre of cotton not more
than one would make 2 bales per acre.
Robert R. Hardex.
i
Wc think it probable, not to say certain, that
the writer of the above article overrates the loss
sustained by him in his crop of cotton from the
thinness of the stand. When good distance is
allowed to cotton it branches much more than i
when the distance is small. The yield is not diminished,
perhaps it is rather increased, by
increasing the distance between the stalks, so long
as the branches interlock. Most planters in this I
neighborhood who plant land that yields so much i
500 lbs. of seed cotton to the acre, allow too little ,
distance between the stalks. Cotton cannot root ;
so well, nor, of course, stand drought so well '
when the stalks are small and stand closely as >
when they arc larger, and have more distance and
i
tnore foliage, En. Far. Gaz. i
From the Albany Cultivator.
HINTS TO YOUNG FARMERS.
NO. I.
On leaving the paternal roof, to seek
my fortune in the wide world, when ahout
18 vears of ago, mv father gave me this
parting admonition : "Mv son, take care
always to let well enovgh alone." The
occasion served to impress the advice
deeply on my mind, and amid the diversi
fi?*d scenes of thirty-five years, it has seldom
been forgotten ; and I have reason
to believe it has had a veiy salutary influence
upon my prosperity and happiness. j
It has afforded, withal, something of a
standard bv which to gunge the indiscretions
of others. How often has a disregard,
in others, to this maxim, reminded
me of the Italian epitaph : 44 I was well,
wished to be better, took physic, and here
I am." The true philosophy of happiness
is to depend on one's self for tin blcs.
sing?on the lively exercise of the virO
*
tucs which can alone confer it. The man
who is industrious and frugal, and who
scrupulously fulfils the relative and social ;
duties, whatever he his condition or pro- j
fession, stands the best chance of enjoy- j
ing a goodly portion of the comforts and j
pleasures of life, and of perpetuating in
his children his habits and his virtues.?
While he who would live by the industry
of others, or who expects to find happiness
in the frail applause which wealth or ostentation
may extort from those around
him, seldom succeeds in his desires.
Tom Tape was my schoolmate. Tom
had rather high notions from his boyhood
; and persuaded his father to put him
to a merchant. In due time Tom became
the master of a six p of goods, was attentive
and fortunate, and acquired a snug
estate. Had he let well enougti aloney nc [
might now have been the head man of our '
town. But pride got the better of prudence,
and persuaded him that he might
I do better at New York. He went there,
figured as a wholesale merchant, for which
neither his capita! nor his experience were
adequate, for three years, and then came
the notice in the state paper for his creditors
to show cause, 6cc.
Tjerrk Wessel's farm joined mine. He
kyw one of our best farmers, and understood
the value of "come boys," as well a*
any one. Good luck was so constantly
by his side, that he considered that any
man might get rich who had a mind to.?
; But he could not let aiell enough alone?
he wished to no better. He therefore
removed to the village and opened a tavcrn.and
he had tlie promise ot the justice
I courts and of the stage custom. " Go
bot/s" did not improve the farm, and it
J soon became neglected and unproductive,
j Bv and by the courts were removed by
j law, the fcta^c went to the new hotel, and
the temperance era wound up the tavern
business. Tjerck has got back to the
farm, with habits very much altered, and
his fortune not n little impaired. Yet he
consoles himself, that he is not half so bad
off a9
Joe Sledge,once our master blacksmith,
afterwards a merchant, and now a journeyman.
J<?o was so famous for his
-i? *?i ? thr? nn<-inlf? came to
euge turns, uiui
him from all parts. He had his jour,
ncymen and his apprentices, and was al.
ways present to oversee them, and to be
seen by his customers, as all master mechanics
ought to he. J?>e got rich, because
he was adapted to his business, Hnd
his business adapted to him. Joe thought,
with Sain Patch, that some things could
be done as well as others?and that because
every body liked him as a black,
smith, thev must like him as nny thing
else, forgetting that it was his trade, and
not his mind nor his person, which had
brought him into notice. And as merchant
was rather moro respectable than
mechanic, nnd withal a more tidy employment,
he in fact sunk the blacksmith, and
became a dealer in tapes nnd sugars. Il
fared with Joe as it generally does with
others who embark in new business, of
which they know nothing, after they have
arrived at mature manhnod. Those who
had been bred to the business, proved successful
rivals, and the sheriff finally closed
his mercantile concerns, by selling the
entire effects of" a merchant unfortunate
in business." Joe insists to this day, that
if he had let well enough alone, he might
have been as well off us tho best of his
neighbors.
O
From the New England Farmer.
COWS AND CALVES.
I have always found high feeding immediately
before and immediately after
calving, to be injurious. I know this is
contrary to the opinions and directions expressed
in all, I believe, the agricultural
works I have ever read ; still the fact
with me is as stated. My cows always
do better at that time, if no alteration
takes place in their feed. Two years
since 1 determined to give a fair experiment.
Two of my cows had calves in
the winter ; one of the calves was well
housed and well tended ; of the other,
which was dropped upon the snow, no
Care was taken, nor was the mother sheltered
at nil. The latter calf was decidedly
the better animal, though for a day or
two it lay upon the snow, or what was
worse, 'slosh,' or melted snow. Facts are
stubborn things, and we must yield to
them. My feelings, 1 confess, were not
very pleasant \v!?iie the experiment was
going on ; but I thought nature was sufficient
to take care of itself: and the opportunity
to try the experiment was so
line, that I could not let it slip. 1 did
not expect to lose the calf?hut I had previotisly
noticed that all my cows if left to
themselves, both summer and winter,
would always leave home at calving time,
and he absent from one to six days, when
Ihev would come home with the calf at
their side. I have never housed a cow
during my residence in the west. They
are regularly fed twice a day in winter?
morning and night; and after being
milked in the morning are tamed out ol
the barn yard, let the weather be as it
may?rain, snow or sunshine. I endeavor
always to have plenty of ashes and
salt in the troughs in the barn yard, which
they lap at will, and more or less daily ;
on,I tluc Ltr?pn? (hem. I nresume. in irood
health. This is a very simple matter ;
fill a trough half full of ashes ; the cattle
unaccustomed to ashes, will lick the salt
and get a taste of the ashes ; they will
seen he very fond of it, and will lick the
ashes alone if no salt be there. If your
troughs (like mine) arc not under shelter,
and it should rain, no matter; the salt will
only dissolve and mix with the ashes. I
renew the ashes only as occasion may require,
but I salt once a week, whether the
old salt he gone or not.
Candle and Oil Factory?Lard
Market.?We learn that the large coach
factory, belonging to the Canton Company
of Baltimore, situated on the margin
of the Patapsco, a little South and West
of Kendall's, has been rented for the purpose
of carrying on the manufacture of
candles and oil from laid, on a most extensive
scale. The machinery is now
being put up, and in a short time wc may
j expect to see this interesting business con'
ducted in our city, under such auspices
as will make Baltimore one of the best, il
not the very best market for lard in A me
rica. The gentlemen who have engager
in this enterprise, have a very large casl
capital, and will be able to conduct theii
businessupon the most liberal and advan
tageous terms. Arner. Far.
Mode of Increasing the Growth of Pota
toes.?The flowers being cut off as they appearci
I on the plants, the number of potatoes produce*
| was much greater than where the blossoms lia<
remained untouched. Early in October, the stemi
j and leaves of the plant which had not bore flower
| were strong and green ; the others yellow and in ;
j state of dacay. The plants which had been strip
ped of flowers produced (on the samo space o
ground) about four times the weight of large pota
toes, very few small ones being found. These or
which the flowers and fruit were left, produced bu
a small number of middle sized potatoes with ;
* u r i ? a * i e .1 ; ..
| ?rt\u uiniHRT in nun; uucs, irmn urw ui a tuui
| man filbert to that of a walnut.
POLITICAL.
REPUBLICAN OR WHIG DEPARTMENT.
From the Charleston Couri-r.
The Mercury and Mr. Clay.?Our volatile
' neighbor in afflicted with a fit of the spleen, at the
i near prospect of a visit to our ancient and hospitable
city, by " the great Statesman of the West,"
and seems in fear and trembling lest he should ac|
tually received decent share of democratic hospitality,
in the State that honors and is honored
'I Wtr 14 tUo rwaoI Qhleormn nf thr Smith." Wp
pretend not to know how this may comport with
the requirements and the measure of democratic
hospitality, but we do know that it is little in
keeping with Carolina feeling and Carolina hospitality,
ever celebrated for a generous welcome to
the distinguished stranger or the illustrious fellowcitizen
from a sister Si ite. The Mercury may
dismiss all apprehensions >* to any competition,
on the part of Mr. Clay, Wi.'h Mr. Calhoun, for
popular favor in this State. In the language of
51/. Petioru, in his late speech, at the Clay meeting
in this city?"South Carolina, probably, nay,
we may say, positively, docs prefer her own distinguished
son to all competitors for the highest
1 place;" and in the propriety, of this preference
the handful of Whigs among Vis cheerfully acquiesce,
for they all allow Mr. Calhoun to be one of
the leading and master minds of the nation, possessed
of administr?i.,vc talents ot the highest order,
and that, if the Executive mantle should be
placed on his shoulders, by the free choice of the
American People, he would administer the government
to his own fame and the good of his native
country?of our wide spread and glorious Union.
Knowing these facts, Mr. Clay, if he honors us
with his presence, on his journey northward, will
visit us only as a private citizen, and we doubt
not, the ungracious vaticinations of the Mercury
to the contrary notwithstanding, will receive every
mark of welcome and respect, due to him as an
illustrious son of our common country, and worthy
of our city and her proverbial hospitality.
But has the Mercury never contemplated the
contingency, not a very remote one, that the tricks
and jugglery of a certain northern magician may
| wholly push its illustrious favorite for the Presi.
' 1 r *1--. ~4 nnnrlul'i^r
ucney iroui mc piau'sim ui uhiiwv.....vw,.,?-?vj,
and confine the coming issue to himself and Mr.
Clay ? In that event, would not the Mercury
take neighborly counsel?nay take counsel from
its former and its better 6clf ? Would it not say,
rekindling with its own generous enthusiasm of
July 8, 1837, (see editorial of Mercury of that
date)
u If wc cannot hav? a Southern State Rights'
man?if John C. Calhoun, by going upon the
' forlorn hope of truth is (politically) dead upon the
; ramparts?like a gallant steed fallen in front rank
?borne down and trampled upon by the base rear
?and can only hope for justice, fiom those who
shall look upon these disjointed times, with the
eves of posterity. If, for a disinterestedness above
and political sagacity beyond the age, he is to be
sacrificed a martyr to principle?at least call upon
us to support some man icorthy of an enthusiastic
trust. Give us a man of some noble trails, a bold,
brave, gallant, high-minded man op genius, tcho,
though wc sec his political errors, wc can yet assure
ourselves, can do nothing mean. Give cs
SUCH A MAN, FOR INSTANCE, AS HeNRY CLAY. He
icould hate our respect, our admiration. There
is something heroic in him. Not solitary chieftain
heroism. Oh, no ! but of a kind not at all related
to the humbug family. We would not throw ourselves
into the arena for his support, but wc would
not quarrel with the Northern Whigs for offering
such a man for the suffrages of the opposition.?
iv.. til! fl,* Nnrlhern Whicrs he is the only
1 man on whom they can rally a conquering
party, unless the people come more suddenly to
their senses than we have a right to expect, and
at once do themselves the honor of rendering juai
ticc to the first man in the country" ?
Will not the Mercury bepursuaded?can it not
be coaxed then, to take counsel of itself?and, if
the people?the democratic people?should con.
tinuc so senseless and stupid as obstinately to re.
j fuse to " do themselves the honor of rendering
justice to the first first man, [one of the first men
| most certainly] in the country," will it not be
content with " some man worthy of an entbusias'
tic trust?a bold, brave, high-minded man of genius
?such a man, for instance, as He.NRY CLAY"?
i Nor in so doing, would the Mercury, we verily be.
I believe, run counter to the real wishes of the great
i majority of the people of this State?for, united
j as they are in the support of the claims of their
| own illustrious statesman to the highest office in
' the gift of the nation, wc shrewdly suspect that,
I failing in this darling purpose of their hearts, they
I would infinitely prefer and would willingly sup.
" j port Teucro Duce, their great leader pointing the
. ! way, the plough-l>oy of Hanover; the miII.boy of
| the slashes; the amanuensis of Chancellor Wythe;
j the grocer's clerk at Richmond ; " the great com]
moncr" of Kentucky; the trumpet tongucd in.
i j spircr of the late war, and able negotiator of the
T i present enduring peace with Great Britain; the
. American Secretary of State, managing with con.
1 summate ability, the diplomatic relations of his
i country, and counselling the chief of a sister rer
| public to imitate the immortal Washington, and
. > be like him the Father of his country; the great
j and persuasive advocate, taking captive the judg.
' mcnls and the hearts of jurymen?the patriot
statesman, electrifying the Senate with his eloj
quencc, and wielding a potent influence over the
j councils and the destinies of the country, ovci
j which he may shortly be called to preside in rcpi b.
lican supremacy?yes, they would prefer "such a
j man" to the cunning Magician of the North?the
; polished and the adroit Van Buren?skilled in the
| management of the cups and halls, and in the prac.
j- ' ticc of every other art and trick of jwlitical legcr.
domain, for the undermining and overthrow of his
j loss cautious and more open adversary, and the elc.
t vation and consolidation of his own political for.
! tunc.
In reference ot the flings of the Mrrcury at oui
bumble self, they arc matters of small moment
Suffice it to say, it has much magnified, in it* own
Mercurial fashion, our harmless pleasantries, per.
pctrated, rather in mirth than malice, against its
great leader, in by-gone days, when our preference
was for service under another chieftain. But distasteful
as our lampoons and jests may have been
to the delicate palate of Jove's winged mcsacngcr,
we are sure Jove himself regarded them, if
not uith complacency, at least as fair hits in the
rough game of politics.. We are sure, too, we
never descended to abu*t of Mr. Calhoun, in the
j very fiercest mood of our parly warfare?nor ever
gave him sucli sweet morsels to roll under hi# i
| tongue, as the follow:ng, applied by the Mercury
to Mr. Van Buren, (whom it has since lauded and
supported for the Presidency, and-is now ready to i
revile again, if thwarted by him.jn its favorite
purpose), on the 30th August, 1837:
" Martin Van Buren is the spawn of Jackson's !
tyranny?thf successor to Jackson's usurpation? <
the fabric of * the simple machine' into which the
hero retrenched the government" " brought '<
into power on the servile shoulders of the subserviI
ent democracy, and unworthy the support, therefore,
of any freeman." !!!
DEMOCRATIC OR LOCO FOCO DEPART.
MENT.
pynuc OPINION RIGHTl.NO IN REGARD to
the blessing of paper money banking. !
. j
The annexed article, froin the New'
York Herald's money writer, puts in n |
strong light the main point which is pro- j
ducing such a change in the mind of the i
people in regard (o the paper-issuing 1
hanks. It is not only the fraud and ruin
growing out of the expansions, specula,
tions, contractions and depreciations,
which belong to the banks of paper, hut
the oppression of the tax which wears j
down the productive industry of the na- ;
lion, to support the drones who hive in
hanks. This is the mischief which is in- j
curable* We do not object to men who j
have amassed surplus capital investing it
it in loans, nnd establishing hanking partncrships
for the purpose. The abuse
- _
?1,039,680, anil the Kiciim ina omce
paid a dividend of 23 per cent. In 1821,
the circulation f.-II to ?114,479, and the
Richmond office paid but 5 per cent/ In
, 1837, the circulation again readied ?!*.
197,060, and again the hank paid 20 per
cent, dividend. What an alx mtnable
swindle is this! If the hank had never
. existed* and the people, instead of giving
. ?17,179,000 to the bankers for nothing*
grows out oT the privilege ny wnicn men ;
who have no capital, make it out of paper, f
and of those who have, doubling it in the \
same way ; and then taxing the community
to pay interest on their promises to
pay the bank obligations issued as currency,
which they are not able to pay.
Globe,
From the Neic York Herald.
The great revolution which has been
going on for a few years in banking, will
produce the most beneficial effects on the
industrious classes. The country has
been impoverished and swindled to an
almost inconceivable extent, by a small
class of bankers, under the pretence ol
facilitating trade. The once wealthy
State of Virginia has been impoverished j
by this villanous system. In bringing
together figures, the results are absolutely
astonishing, even to those who are in
some degree prepared for it. We will '
look at the actual state of afTairs in Vir- |
ginia. The following is a lint of five
bank", with their capitals, and that of
their branches, also the total number of
stockholders.
BANK CAPITAL OF VIRGINIA AND TIIE NUMBER
OF STOCKHOLDERS.
Stock. Stock,
holders holders
in Vir. out of
Capital, ginia. Virg. Total.
Bank of Virginia $3,6-12,000 660 33 704
Farmers' Bank 2,653,650 582 28 610
Bank of the Valley 1,076,100 137 20 266
N. Western Bank 737,200 52 88 140
Mcrch'ts 6c Mcch's 516,500 111 42 153
87,625,150 1,551 222 1,773
In these 1,773 people, of whom 222
arc foreign to the Stale, has been vested
by law the sole privilege of furnishing
the people of Virginia (whoso population,
in 1830, was 1,211,405; and, in 1840,
1,239,797?showing scarcely any in.
crease) with a paper currency. In the
last ten years, then, 1,703 people have received
of the proceeds of the industry of
the remaining 1,238,031, 87,600,000 in
dividends, of which 8912,000 has been
sent out of the State. This sum has been
paid for the privilege of using their paper
promises as currency, instead of the constitutional
currency of gold and silvei.?
The operation will be made more clear
by taking the largest bank separately?
the Bank of Virginia. That concern
went into operation in 1805; and during
, the time since elapsed (being thirty.sev.
cn years) has actually divided and paid
I among 704 individuals, according to its
; own sworn returns, S 17,179,080. This
sum was paid by Virginians, in the proceeds
of their labor, for (lib privilege of
using an annual average of 8829,100
1 of the paper promises of the associated
704 persons, as a currency. In the ye; r
1818, the circulation of the bank was
had spent $5,009,000 for specie, the St.tte
would now have had a sound currency,
and not only l>eon 812,000,000 richer,
in hard cash, (equal ta three entire crop*
i of tobacco.) hut would have saved all the
losses that have grown out of the coutiii'
ual fluctuations of the hank.
Now, while peop'c submit to this immense
taxation for the lienetit of n handful
of indviduals, they refuse to pay tho
debts contracted by the State, because
I the tax, though small in comparison, M
! lev-icd inn direct manner. This is verv
j marked in the case of Pennsylvania. ?
1 ? - *t / i , .
I lake the case ol the united ennui*
?||y
I Bank. The number of stockholders \va*
as follows:
In- Philadelphia, 1,481
Elsewhere in the United States 1,052
. In Europe. t . \?390
Total 4,5*23
The capital of this hank was $35,000,
000, and the profits jn 20 years oi
its existence amounted to 870,000,000 J
whereof thirty per cent, or $21,000,000
was sent from Europe, and 40 per cent,
or $28,000,000 paid out of Pennsylvania '
?mnking $49,000,000 paid voluntarily
by the people who were shouting hosan.
nus to the 4,5*23 persons who received
this enormous amount of money from
them, as if they imparted some great
blessing by so doing. In 1840, Pennsyl.
| vania was on the point of failure for want
$800,000 (o pay her interest. The Log.
islaturc on tho 1 Ith June levied a tax on
personal property, estimated to yield ono
million dollars/ In January, 1641, (he
Governor, in his mcssigo, stated that
none of the tax had been collected, and
that the county officers bad taken no
i steps in the matter. This was because
taxation was unpopular. In the message
of January, 1842, the proceeds of this
tax are stated at $33,000, instead of one
I ? rur? xr I... ,i
i illlllloii. iluwj wlljf ?iiu iiiu |'vv/|/iv;
to give eighty million dollar# to 4,523
people, for the use of their hills; and will
not pay one million dollars fo? the honor
of the State ? It is because life robberies
J of the banks have left thenf W ithout the
means.
From thr Mete York Evening Poet.
tiie encouragement of maxufacturks.
?
A Pennsylvania pnper, with great vc. ,
hemence declares itself friendly to the
encouragement of manufacture*. Wo
also are in favor of the encouragement of*
manufactures* as warinly, as vehemently,
as the Pennsylvania journalist. Wo
should be glad to see all the necessaries
and comfoitsof life, which come within
the denomination of manufactures, produced
in still greater abundance, of n
| better quality, and nt a cheaper rate than
I they now are. Hut how is this to be effected
?
The answer is obvious. It is to be ef,
fected by opening the markets to univcr|
sal competition, and buying*of Him who
brings articles of the best quality and moot
i reasonable price. Thus you encourage
manufactures ; yon reward the industry
and the ingenuity of him who, whatever
be his country, makes the greatest contribution
to the wants and the comfort of
mankind, for the smallest compensation.
Vou ensure the production of the greatest
amount of wealth with the least labor.
On the other hand, if you exclude front
the markets the most skilful competitors
who offer you the productions ol their in*
duslry at the lowest cost, which is the effect
of high duties, you discourage manufactures.
Yoj repulse the most successful
artisan ; you impose a penaftv on hi#
skill, or upon those advantages of his situation,
which enable him to furnish what
| you want on better terms than others.?
! If you persist in this policy, you must ei|
pr.ot to find your manufactured articled
t dear in price and inferior in quality,
i We have an example of this before Otrf
eyes. The manufacture of silk, in Bug,
land, as long as it was protected against
I foreign competition, never flourished.?
j While British artisans had the monopoly
' of the British, market, they gave their
customers fabrics which were scandalous,
ly and disgracefully inferior to the silk# of
other countries. At length the monopoly
was taken off", and the silk manufacture
j immediately took a new face ; its artii
sans began to exert their ingenuity, and
its fabrics, under the right sort of encouragement,
competition from nil sides, became
excellent. We quote 1Kb fimOtrtng
account of the matter from a late English
paper lying before us J
" The demise of the silk monopoly,
after an ill-spent lile of 130 years, is in
the recollection of most of us, for it is an
affair of 16 years back* Under the rej
strictive system the silk of England was
the worst and the deafest in the world,
, and a di*grr.ce to the industry of the country
of cloth, cotton and hardware. It is
now. under freedom, tho greatest silk
manufacture of Europe, and, with the exception
of a few fancy articles, its fabrics
nrc the be?t in quality. Under the mo*
nopoly, we consumed less than two mil- ?
lions and n half of pounds weight of th?
riw material. Under freedom, we con*
some twice this quantity. Under tUo
first, we exported about h hundred am*
lifiv thousand nouuds *vofth to colonics
. -* .
J