Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, December 13, 1842, Image 1
\ > * ?I
MSfB (BIMIMIBMW <MBWIMIBW1I?1M1B* -{'
__, ,,_ ? I !__ ? - J I J.JXl
VOLUME~~VHI. CIIERAW. SOUTII-CAltOLINA, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1842. NUMBER 5.
^" * I I III? I IIHH I
By M. MACLEAN. I
Tcrms:?F^K^hed weekly at three dollars a
year; with au addition, when not paid within
throe months, of twenty per cent per annum.
Two new subscribers may take the paper at !
fire dollars in advance; and ten at twenty.
Four subscribers, not receiving their papers
in town, inav nay a year's subscription with ten
dullaro, In advance.
A year's subscription always due in advance.
Papers not discontinued to solvent subscribers
In arrears.
Advertisements not exceeding I fi linos inserted
f>r ono dollar the first time, and fifty cents each
?ibreqnont tune. For insertions at intervals of
two weeks 75 cents after the first, and a dollar
if the intervals are longer. Payment due in
advance for advertisements. When the number
of insertions is not marked on the copy, the
advertisement will be inserted, and charged ti l
ordered out.
0*The postage must be paid on letters to the !
editor on the business of the office.
From the American Agriculturist.
RA1S1XG CALVES.
Black-Rock, Nay, lS i'2. j
We have frequently hoard ihc question
mooted, \V!?ut is the best manner of rais- J
??g#calve.s ? j
To this, several answers may Ik; given, (
acccording In the use and purpose for
which they are destined. 1) it to make j
the subject familiar and illustrate it fully, '
we will answer seriatim. j
1st. For veal. Fatted calves, if the |
circumstances of the farmer, and the j
price of the article will warrant, should ! i
he kept till five or six weeks old. Fiom { i
their hirlh they should draw all the milk { .
frcsii from the cow that they require : J i
or nt any rate all siie will \ ie!d, if a he j |
not more than the calf w:! 1 drink. To | i
the m?!k, if not enough is yielded hy the j |
cow, a light boiled gruel of any sort of j
meal may be added, with a trillo of suit, j ]
This gives a fine flavor to the veal, and f j
assists in the fattening, h is a very sim. ! t
pie operation, and attended with little )i
trouble. If the dam he a great milker, i[ J <
may suvk ttiricr a day. Many people
give their veal calves only a part of the ! ;
lnitk when they require more. Tuisl<
practice may make veal after the. fashion,' i
* - * -7-1 oh... i , !
hut it will in,l i>e go .)<JL TC? 11 i i?v" ut oi | ?
can only be made t?y g ving the: calf all1 i
he will rat, i
2d. For making fine hhn.l stock, and i
acquiring cuily maturity. L'l the calf f
Jiave all the milk tin: cow yields, if he ! will
take it. As soon as lie will cat roots,' ;
meal, hay, or grass, let it he fed II it I t
wants of these, or either of tliem. The j
animal will pay in price and appearance j i
for extra attention, and its early de\< I. \ i
opment wi'l amply recompense the cost. <
No first rate animals can he produced ; <
without full and regular feed, in this
practice, the calf may oil her run with the ;
dam or be enclosed <\ itself in a stable,' :
pasture or yard. Ail such, however, | i
should be early broke into control by the 11
halter, and made entirety manageable. I
. I
They are, besides, least trou'doo lie, reared
in this method.
3d. Those intended for store cattle,
and for working oxen, Ikjcvos, and milch
cows for common purposes.
For such uses, calves may he reared in
different ways. Milk is always the first
and indispensable food for young animals,
and of this the calf in its early days should
not be deprived. It is absolutely necessary
for its existence, however, hut a few
woeks after birth. In those sections o!
the country where cows are kept for the
solo purpose of breeding and raising their
nrogenv, and the dairy or milk forms no
r - o ? part
of their profit, no better plan than to
let them run with the calf, can be adopted
care being taken that the surplus milk, if
anv, be dailv drawn from the uducr, to
" . . i
keep it in a healthy condition. Cut
where the niilk is required for dairy purposes*
the calf should, after the second
da v, be entirely taken from the cow, and
learned to drink by the finger. This
need only he continued for a day or two
in most cases. After a fortnight, skim,
med nulk, or whey,or a I glit porr.dge, or
gruel of boiled meal (raw meal at jirsi is,
injurious to the calf, causing tnern to
scour,) may he added according to circumstances.
The condition of the eaif
should he watched, and the food regulated,
enriched, or reduced, ns its appearance
may require, and in a short time it
will eat grass, meal, roots, or hay. The
animal, however, requires continual attention,
and a woman after all is the best
nurse lor a young calf. We have indeed
often known fine stocks of calves raised
witli very little milk, the principal early
food lieing hay tea, and the docile, petr*
*? r M r | /t j
ling cure oi UIC laumui nurse. uur;a j
nursing is almost every thing* for without i
it calves, with a scarcity of milk, irill not j
thrive. Salt should he used freely and
placet] where they can get it when they
like, and if at all inclined to scour, a j
lump of chalk should he placed within '
their reach, or a small quantity pulverized
with their food. Young stock, to be sure,
raised in this way*will not so readily attain
their growth to two years, as if raised
at the foot of the cow ; hut ultimately,
will reach their full size and g"od qunli
tics. Such need a little more cnrc, and j
keep better the first winter than the lat- !
ter, but after that, are equally hardy nntl I
thrifty. They require good shelter, to j
be kept clean, and free from vermin ; and !
may then go on their way rejoicing.
Wc can only repeat, that no one can :
be successful in raising any kind of stock i
without cure and good attendance.?
These are indispensable, and the females,
and young, and old folks, on the farm, i
can always attend to this department.?
The time of the farmer and out-door labo. j
rers should never be abstracted in the j
busy seasons for small choring of tins !
_ . i
kind. YVe have known many farmers
wives, and quite genteel folks too, who
have raised their score, or half score of I
calves annually, and they hardly knew ;
that they had eaten any thing from the 1
material of their dairv.
L. F. A.
I
From the Southern Planter.
MAKING, rilLSEHVIXC, AND Afi'LYING
MANURE.
1. Making. The making of manure
is like tin making of other tilings; every
one has li s own way, and thinks it best. J
A great deal may be made by using the
proper means, collecting every tiling that
would otherwise he lost, and depositing
it in a particular place. For instance,
have a pen made near the kitchen?put
into it from time to time all the ashes,
[rash, weeds growing on places w here j
Ihey are in the way. In this way I have
seen a considerable quantity of manure
made. My own opinion is that more
leaves may be put into a farm-pen than
is advisable. i would keep all tlie.se
places well liiteied, and if more leaves
wi re collected than was required for that
purpose?pi I : them up in too woods, np.
ply lime or plaster, and in the spring
spread and plough them in. By that
means, one hauling is saved, and I tit ink
qua! benefit secured.
lu cleaning out stables, rattle-sheds,
uh! hog-sties, [ would spread liie manure
n'cr the farm-yard?i>\ winch means B.e
a hole is more readily d< composed, and .>
if equal strength, besides that it proven s j
iviiat is callid tire-fang in lir horse ma- I
lure. By so arranging the farm peii that j
.o water can get into it bat what iali.> j
Voin the clew's, and none can pass out j
?al> the liquid portion of lh<* manure t> j
ibsorlK-d by the utter, and the whole mass i
nude rich.
In my travels, last year, I observed at i
i ?"ntloimin\s i.ouse a plan that pleased j
iik n.ticii. A pit was dug le-ar to Irs
?r>,j w1.en that required cicaninti !
no;, ma"urn was thrown .r.to the pit
with alternate la vers "of sanu n:;lil tilled,
a covering of sand being the i..s!, and a :
small trench connecting the pit with sev- j
era I smaller ones fi led with litter, to ah- j
sorb the liquid which escaped from the;
larger pit, by winch means all was saved. |
2. Preserving. The great secret e.1 !
preserving i?> to prevent the escape of the
liquid portion of tiic manure. It will not
do to rely upon its being absorbed by litter?if
it can pass oil" it will go.
Under the first head, "making," I have
included necessarily the other means nj j
preserving. After it is made, if it cannot j
he immediately applied, pat it into a .-it- j
uation to prevent its heating, and cover :
ii ir? hrovpnt evaporation.
I - I
3. Applying. Manure is like money ; :
any body can make it, but few lake care
of it, and apply it properly. I consider
the last of most importance.
Iu the application of manure we al!
have some leading object in view ; one to
make a large crop of corn, another a larg* j
crop of toCmco, and another a large crop j
of something else. It should be so applied,
that whilst it secures us good crops,;
it also secures the permanent improvement
of our lands. i bis cannot be cfI
fectcd by those who have to rely upon
timir own resources, without g'ving back
to the land, in some form, a portion of its
product. As the most effective means of
rapid and extrusive improvement, I v\owid
so apply manure as to produce good crops
of clover, using for that purpose the finest,
and applying the coarse manure to the
corn crop. When a good crop of clover
is once secured, I should rely only upon
that for keeping up the improvement of
t! e land which produced it. Corn is an
exhausting crop ?I have known one crop
r - 1 4 - - - ..... # I * ?- .? . i xr. / . T f.. v ereire'
01 11 lO L'UilMJ IW<; IIJIJ IIUU9 V/i OI.\ )v?io
improvement. Hut as wo cannot do
without it, the cultivator should be easeful
not to tax his land, either by too much
crowding or bv a careless or injudicious
mode of culture. Land may be kept in
a slate of improvement, and even be benefitted
by a corn crop once in four or five
year-, if not grazed, or badly cultivated.
To return to manure. Mv ojnn:o:i is
that land, like the stomach, may he overloaded
with food?am1 as it is best to err
| on tire safe side, I prefer to app'y my maeuro
in " broken (buses," so that none
shall be wasted. I have known persons
to fail in making a good crop by npply
ing too much manure?and with the loss
of half that, and half the crop, few per
sons can afford to improve under such j
circumstances. It is, I think, bad policy j
to use any tiling for the purpose of in.; f
creasing the quantity of manure, that can j r
of itself he applied as a top-dressing or ^
otherwise-.-which takes off the produce'
of the land to add to the stock of manure, j ^
I contend th.it it is best to let it return to :
the land which produced it by the natur- j _
al course of decay.
As already stated, manure should not
be applied in larger quantities than may j j
be necessary to sccuic a good crop, and ; j
leave the land improved?otherwise if tne {,
season be a pushing one, the extra crop <
wiil t ike too much from the land?if it v
i:t a dry one, there will be a loss of crop ! I
and manure. It is, therefore, my opinion j (J
that it is host to apply so much manure j (i
only as may lie necessary to secure a , '
good crop and leave the land in a condi- j r
tion to produce a good crop of clover, by j
the aid of which the improvement may ! 1
he continued and perpetuated. I his appears
to me to he the cheapest, and the
surest, as it is the only way of effecting ?i
a general system of improvement, where H
the farmer has to rely upon the resources f
of the the farm alone. I have tried it, r
and my own experience has satisfied me j c
that by these means a rapid and effective |i
system of improvement can be kept up. t v
William Millek. i a
1
From the Southern Planter. ! n
It is astonishing how much may be j v
made by applying odds and ends of time J r
to collecting und spreading manure..-, j c
r? 4 o j x
f*f' ' * * - I'A . M/wl I
Whenever a spare nuui um i
in.Impendent of slated seasons, resort j 0
should lie had to the woods; leaves and i
i Is
trash should lie raked into piles, and a J f]
little earth thrown on the top. As soon j s
as tl is partially decomposed, or rendered ! p
lit to answer as a covering to the land,
ithat
is, as soon as it is in a state not iia- ; 'j
hie to he carried oil" by the wind, it should ' I;
he hanltd, at anv time or season, upon j c
land designed f?>r the next year's crop I
This dem.sjl operate as .1 m.ver to lite ! i1
la id, shield.eg it from tie* siiinincr suns *
and the winter frosts, aft??rd food for the j v
gro-.vir.g plants, and greatly improve the J 0
Ian:!. ' I la
From t!ie time that horses are stained | j1
and the coivs pounded or stalled in the I..
? | O
fail, ih* v should ha provided witu a p!o:i- ! a
lifai .upply of liiter. Too sta des should j \
: c cleaned out iwice a week, loading your I r
carl from l:.e stable-door, and carrying i! J v
out at once upon the field des'gncd for j
/cm in tim spring. Thus, ti e manure f
he s; read to half (he t.me, tad more n
coneilv u could I) * if sufii red to lie d
i.) a pile a!! the winter. IS: sides, it will K
he ?w :ce a ? eih.clivc. The product of the ,l
stable and l>arti yard during the spring .
a. i summer months .d;o::d bo deposited
' o
in a convent-nl reservoir, properly pre
pared, and intermixed with straw and
ira>h. In the month of August, haul it j c
out upon the field intended for wheat,! p
and sjjread it before the plough, turning j c
it under lo a moderate depth. 1 ins pro. I o
ce.*s is to he preferred to surface mnnur- ()
ing, after the plough; because, when the i
land is stirred in seeding, the manure ! v
will ho incorporated with the soil, will j '
preserve the moisture, and greatly invi- j'n
go rat o tlie plant. Whereas, the surface \"
dressing, at such a season, exposes lite I
manure to great loss by evaporation. j
To prepare laud for wheat, if the soil : .
is tici p a. d loamy, where you have no j.
manure lo plough in, plough very deep, I ,
mixing a portion of clay, if possible, with j t
t'ue surface mould; harrow level, then, |i
with a single shovel score ot furrow it .
olf, at distances of ten inches from centre t
to centre. The wheat when sown wi:i |
roll, principally, into the furrows; harrow j!
iu trui wheat th.e same way, that is, with 1
the fi;rr<>\vs. Too harrow, if flu: soil is , I
j light, should be light also, that the teeth
1 may not reach the grain, and throw it out '
I of the furrows. Tim wheat will, of '*
course, cotno up in drills, it will he bettor
I protected in winter, will grow oflT better !
, in the spring, and will make u more pro- I.
: dilutive crop. J,
Yours, respectfully, i
S. Davis, j i
Frederick, Virginia.
? i
HONE DUST.
An agriculturist, rendered attentive to 1
tiie vasi importance of bones for manure. !
instituted privately some comparative ox. j
J periments ; the results of which prove,
j that bone dust acts in the cultivation of
I ground, as compared to the bc>t stable j
I ma mire, 1st. In respect to the quality of i
the grain, as 7 to 5. 2d. In respect to J
i quantity of grain, as 5 tod. 3d. In re- j
! spect to the durability of the energy of
! si :!s, as 3 to 2. It produces several col- |
j lateral advantages. 1st. It destroys;
i weeds. 2d. It diminishes the necessity '
j of fallow.err ps. 3d. This concentrated
.. r
miriure, <<r substitute for manure, is rnoro
j easy <f convex once, !< ss laborious to
j spread, and can with facility lie applied to
j the steepest lands, in verv hilly countries, i
? ? * * r*_ f *
or m wet meadow lands, im. n rendors
agriculture practicable without cati
tie breeding, grazing, &c.
Mark Lane Express.
!.\U t.'.i; i,i ?iiii;>u<iii iif, hi |/iii( ...v., ,
vim set into the other, resting on the edge
t the lower one, ami carefully soldered
ngelhcr; near the top of the outer pan.
tube one inch in diameter was inserted,
o admit the hot water, and on the eppoi'e
sdde a small hole was innde to let the
ir escape when pouring in the water.? I
Vtih this double pan I tried several experi.
ncnts, and the results, though varied,'
iore VMy satisfactory.
In one instance, eleven pounds milk,
resii drawn from the cow, and after stand,
ag twelve hours boiling water whs introuocd
into the lower pan, and stood thiry.six
ho irs more, when it was skimined,
nd twelve hours alter 1 he cream was con
cried into hotter, with a spoon and bowl,!
n seven minutes, and produced five i
iinces.
In another trial, eleven and a half pounds I
if milk, subject to the same process, exopt
it stood only twclvo hours after the
ml water was put in; skimmed and
. hunted immediately, which it took only
tic minute to convert into butter, prolaced
seven ounces.
In the next case eleven pounds of milk
vas conducted in the same manner as beore,
except standing twenty.four hours
iftcr the hot water was put in ; skimmed
iitd churned in eleven minutes, and pro1
* ~ kutfor
JU<"l'v4 2"?i.\ \j* vutiv.1 t
Several other (rials were made, with a
i::\v ?.f ascertaining the best time to let it
itaiui after the introduction of the hot wner
and lite result was that in some cases
t look four, seven, ten and a half, cloven
ind fourteen minutes to churn, and the
iu.u.t:ty varied from eight to tweive:
ujrc*-4. end in r;o instance did the quan
ity of milk exceed twelve and a half
)Oijr?>!.s, uiiicij as the most successful as
o qinnlit;, gu mg one ounce of butter for
2vary pound <>{ milk, which rates at one
jound of butter from six quarts of milk,
which is rq ?:t! to the celebrated 4 ilnskin's
2?>\v," llio reputed mother of Colonel
Jaque's 4 Cream Pot' breed as noticed in
Mr. Colman's Fourth Report. The milk
with which the above experiments were
marie, was taken from a twoycar old heifer,
\ cross of the Durham and Ayrshire,
seventeen days after calving, and a heifer's
milk is never considered as rich as when
more advanced in years.
Allowing that we got, as \vc did in the
iast trial, one ounce of butter for every
pound d milk, which will average twenty-three
pounds daily, would bo over ten
pounds of butter per week.
Fiom tiro foregoing experiments I have
arrived at toe following conclusions : that
the most profitable method is to let the
.? .It. | tifi.lfa liruir<__f lif.n ni!d thf?
Ki.JK Mtisiva l ?? vi w
boiling water, then stand twelve hours
more, then skim, and churn (lie cream
from the evening and morning's milk at
the same tune.
An improvement may he made in having
the pans separate, hut fitted tight
where they come together, by which
means they can he much easier cleaned
and dried; as in the above method it
would do more diincuii 10 dry mem vvuen
together.
1 am inclined to think too, that the
same pans may he made useful in the
summer when tlie weather is very hot,
and trie quantity and quality of the cream
much increased i?y filling the under pan
BUTTER.
We have frequently urged the ncccs?i- i
v of keeping milk or cream at a mode- 1
ate temncrattire for churning. Bv nrtiioial
means, it must be kept coo! in
uminer, and warm in winter. The folowing
is an extract from a letter of Mr. j
Z. N. Beinent to the "Northern Light,"!
ipon the Management of Winter Butter. [
?So. PI a dfer.
" The process of extracting cream from ,
n:!k. adopted in the county of Devonshire, .
England, !jy which a superior richness 1
s produced in too cream had long keen J
mown hy (ho name of 'clotted' 01 j
clouded cream.' They use n four-sided j
essel formed of zinc plates twelve inches :
ong, eight inches wide, and six inches
loop, with a false bottom one half the i
lepth. The only communication to the j
ower part is by a lip, through which it
nay he filled or emptiod. A plate of permated
zinc, isplaced in the bottom, which
1 t ? ??? ii.i -r 11 r_i U?,< ?
s crj'ini in size 10 uini 01 me iuisc uuuum,
nth ringed handles, by which means the
v holc of the cream can bo lifted off in a
beet without remixing with the milk.?7
The milk, fresh drawn from the cow, is |
trained into the pan, and remains at rest j
or twelve hours, when an equal quantity I
if boiling water is poured into the lower
ompartmcnt, through the lip ; it is then
lermlttrd to stand twelve hours more,
vben the cream will he found perfect,
nd of such consistence that it may he
ifted off with the finger and thumb. In !
, trial of twelve successive experiments J
vith the above apparatus, the following
csults were obtained : From four gallons 1
f milk treated as above, produced in J
wenty-four hours, four and a half pints of
ream, which after churning only fifteen
aiuutes, gave forty ounces butter. The
a mo quantity of milk treated in the comuon
mode, in earthen ware pans, and
funding forty.eight hours, produced four
ints of cream, which after churning ninev
mm ;les gave tiiirty-Mx ounces butter,
i'iie increase of cream was twelve and a
alf p:.r cent, and of butter eleven per
ent.
From the hhove suggestions, I caused a
an to be made six inches deep, to re
r <1 flnnlh ivhlcll i
with cold well or spring water, previous to j
putting in the milk."
The Editor adds, that Mr. Bementhad
sent him a samplo of butter, made in thirty
seconds, equal iu quality toauyhoer.
er saw.
BKERDING.
The duration of life in the swine, is
said by naturalists, to extend to twenty or
thirty years, who report that the hoar;
continues to prow to the end of tho term.
Swine are ready for procreatioQ at the
ace of seven months, but the male is unprofitable
for that purpose until twelve
months old, and is in his prim# at two
years. In other respects, the ago of
ti
19 ct maiici ui auiau uuuvwi n, omw (
they are never kept until they are old ;
and it is the custom of many breeders
to slaughter even their most prolific sows
in 'he second year. The young sows to
be preserved for breeding, should be
chosen with deep and capacious bellies,
the full number of tents, and of the most
extensive or widest general form. The
term of gestation in swine is four months,
or one hundred and fifteen days, with a
very few days variation, producing three
litters of fio:n fivo to twelve pigs each, in
about eighteen months, supposing the pigs
to be weaned ; but in two or threo months
less time, the pigs being suckled for roasters.
I have, however, found, and more
especially in the large breeds, that a litter
of a moderate number is most profitable,
since in the most numerous litters thore
are generally several undersized and weak
individuals.
Thus a I.tier of nine or ton good pigs
may bring more profit than a litter of thirteen
or fourteen.? Western Farmer.
COUN.
In t!io May number of the Cultivator, !
we find the following remarks, on thooM
question of late ploughing and lulling
corn, from Mr. L. Phvsick, of Maryland,
a name familiar to agricultural readers :
?
So. Planter.
141 have noticed an error in the culture
of plants and trees, wherever I have been,1
and I know no bettor plan to illustrate it ]
than in show ing the effect of the error on (
corn. In the culture of corn, it is usual i
(o work the crop till the tassel is about to I
make its appearance; this is an error.? j
Whenever the lateral roots of n plant are '
injured, moved or disturbed, when the
stalk that i- to produce the seed is matured
or about maturing, or w henever those
roots are covered to a greater depth at
this stage of growth than nature intended,
it will produce early maturity and decay ;
and .the yield will be just in the proportion
to the extent of tho error. If you will
take the pains to destroy the lateral roots
of a stalk of corn after its having made '
the last joint on the stock, you will find
that it will produce no corn; nn I if you
will dispinco their situation at this time by
hilling, you will get a less quantity of seed 1
than if left alone. If the lateral roots of
a stalk of clover arc cut off when tiic
" - *11
notwithstanding ho told me in its early
growth, that I would hare no corn. Part
of his ground was quite as go ;d as mine.
"A similar and worse effect is produced
in the hilling or working of plants in
the latter stage of their growth, than takes
placo in plants and trees when deep planted.
A disease is produced that hurries
the plant on U early maturity by imp-?,
ding the proper nourishment, hy disturbing
or placing the roots below where nature
intended they should range for food,
as well as depriving the vessels of the
stalks thus covered from performing their
functions. The stalks heing established,
it is folly for man to attempt to do that
! which God alone can do. Deep planting
! and ploughing the peach orchaid after
: the trees have attained sufli'icnt rnaturi.
ty to produce fruit, is, if not wholly, the
principal cause of the disease called the
i yellows. Ky ploughing, tin? lateral roots
i are either cut, disturbed, or forced to seek
food apart from where nature intended,
| and thus operates as a hill placed around
: plants, and brings the tree to early decay,
" To conclude this subject for Ibe present,
I will say, work your plant* and
trees while young, so as to form g^od
stalks, and then trust to that all-wise Di*?
poser of events to perfoct tlioui.
4 I think I noticed a remark to your paper,
of tho roots of the watermelon being
attacked by small animalculw. Sorao
salt added to tho hills before planting will
remedy that evil and give ywu better fruit;
and salt and saltpetre ?nown in tbw pouch
orchard, particularly where the orchard in
worked with the plough,) will assist in
preventing like depredations to the roots
of the peach tree.
"ir> ou think that this hasty notion
will he of any service, you art at liberty
to dispose of it as you think^tiest, and be
assured that I seek neither money nor
thanks for performing duties we nwnoun
to another.
Littlhto* Physio k."
CORN F0UDC1U
The Editor of the Connecticut Farirt.
ers' Gazette strongly recommend* tho
sowing of earn for hay. Hu says it hns
long been practised hy the dairymoo in
his neighborhood, and, that it is not
preferred by tiio cow to any other hoy*
but is tnore productive of milk than nny
food that can be given thorn, ft is much
used for soiling, and for this purpose is
sowed at successive periods, that a cut.
ting may always be had during the summer
months. Where it is to be cured,
however, he recommends that it should bo
permitted to maturo, because, in that
state, it is more nutritious, and much
more easily cured and prcsorved than
when it is cut green. If imperfect oars
are formed, so much tho better ; by this
process, the stalk nmy l?e injured, but the
grain will more than mako up for tho difference.
On the mode ofcultivalion and
curing he gives tho following advice :
So. Planter.
u Many persons ndvisc to sow it broad*
cast, in which case it admits of no aftercultivation,
and tho weeds, if tho land ia
rich, will check its growth and fill tho
ground with their seeds. It is best to
sow it in drills two feet apart, and quite
thickly in the drill*, scattering tho seed
over a space in tho row, six iodic* or t
foot in width, it may then ho piuugliuij
! or nassed through n cultivator once at
seed stock is lorming, iricro win no no
seed ; and just so with other pl.tnts and
tree3; and tho working of them at this
stage cnnnot be attempted without injti.
ry. Yet, strange to say, it is almost invariably
done. I have never suffered my
corn to be worked after ono.third of tho
height of the stalk was attained. I plant
close enough to have the corn to shade
the ground at this height, so as to prevent
the growth of weeds after this last
working. I plant two and a half feel
square, and leave two stalks in the hill,
and I have never missed having as much
corn fer acre and as large cars as my
neighbors; and much more than some of
them. I never planted a crop of corn
that 1 had not some kind neigh! o: or
' * II !it
friend to tell rne mat i wuu:u neuncr
have corn nor fodder. Last spring n
cropper upon my neighbor's farm planted
thirty-five or forty acres in corn, and I
about ton acres; our fields adjoining.?
He planted his corn four feet square, and
left three or four italics in the hill, and
worked his crop liil it was ready to shoot
into tassels. 1 quit working mine when
about two feet and a half high. His field
was full of weeds and grass. Mine remained
clear of both weeds and grass.?
When our corn was husked and housed,
ho told me that I had from my ten acres
nearly fifty bushels of corn more than bo
had from his thirtv-fivc or forty acres,
| * > 8 - ?"
least; and in a measure kept clean from
weeds. It is believed that as much fodder
may in this way be obtained from uu
acre, as if sown broadcast.
'In putting away coin-fodder, wo hurt
found it advantageous to insert occasion*
ally, layers of wheat-straw. The sweot
llavor of the corn*fodder is communicated
in some measuro to tiro straw ; and tho
straw serves to keep the coro-fodder from
heing injured bv heating. No fodder
suffers more or sooner from wet or rftin
than corn fodder. Evory possible pains
should, therefore, he taken to avoid ibis ;
and it is n good way to hang as much of
our com fodder, as we have room for, on
the beams and on poles extonded over the
barn-floors, and in sheds whur? it will bo
out of the reachof the cattle.
" As to the kind of corn to b? sown, til?
Southern gourd-seed or Western com,
will undoubtedly givo the largest weight;
; hut much of it will be it) tho butt, no part
i r i.:_l :ii i>i. . n...
I Ul WHICH Will IIIU C4UIV CUl? V/UI COU4j
mon Northern small fliul coin will yield*
i large amount to the acre, a* it will boax
j thick sowing ; and the maiu stalk is not
I so Urge but that a good deal of it will bo
| eaten, especially if cut up."
RRF.EDINQ AXD RAI8IXO SWrXI,
T* the Editor of the Southern Planter :
Dkar Sir,?As the time seems at
1 length to have arrived, when the attention
of our honest farmers is awakened, aud is*
, qtiirv is afloat as to the best method of
| breeding and raising swine, I hope you
will not deny me a place in one of your
; columns for tho little knowledge I may
possess, gleaned from agricultural papers
land my own observation and experience.
For the bcttei treatment of tho subject, I
shall divide my remarks into six different
| parts.
1st. The choice of a broad. Far my
! own part, I prefer the Berkshire* ; tbey
i certainly cannot be surpassed for mildncsa
of disposition and easiness of keep, nnd
no other breed mark* their progeny as dietinctly
as thoy do. Next to thorn, Mackays
breed is the best.
2dly. Having chosen your breed, ae
iect j our breeders. I will give you now
j a description of what I consider a pcrfset
'hog. Small head, small ear*, thin neck,
; broad shoulders. long and round in the
body, deep in the carcafts, short legs, and
bonis rather square than rouod.
3dly. The 8ge at which they should
I breed. Many breeders say they should
i not go to the hoar until twelve months
old. I tlnnk it would be better for them
; to run until they are twelve months ol<f,
' but they are plenty old at ten months.?
The sow should go to the hoar more than
I once, when he has not been used for some
?time before, or shu will have nearly all boar
4th!y. To preserve them in good honltfta
' ami appeii'c, mix with their food a little
pounded charcoal, once ot twice a week,
I or throw it to them in lump*.
5thlr. The management and weaning
I j of pigs. For the purpose of feeding little
,: nig*, I have tny pans so constructed aa to