Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, October 25, 1842, Image 1
1
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VOLUME VII. CIIERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 184> NUMBER 50. I ]
By M MACLEAN. I
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From the Farm House of the XlXth Century.
PROGNOSTICS OF THE WEATliEK.
Prognostics furnished by the Heavenly Bodies.
1. Observations of the sun.?Signs of wind.?
The sun rises pale and remains red; his disc is
very large; he appears with a red sky at the
north; he maintains the color of blood; he remains
pale, with one or more obscure circles or
red rays ; he appears concave or hollow. When
^ the sun seems divided or is accompanied by a parhelion,
it indicates a great storm,
Signs of rain.?The sun is obscure and as it
were bathed in water; lie rises red or with black
stripes mingled with his rays, or becomes blackish ;
he is placed above a thick cloud ; he rises sur.
rounded with a red sky in the cast. Sudden rains
are never of long duration ; but when the sky is
changed gradually, and the sun, inoon and stars
are obscured by little and little, it rains generally
for six hours.
Signs of fair weather.?The sun rises clear and
the sky has been so during the night; the clouds
which surround him at his rising take their course
to the west, or indeed he is iuvironed by a circle,
provided that the circle is at crjual distances on all
sides: then we may exjtect weather constantly
fair ; he sets amidst re l clouds, whence this popular
saying, that u a red evening and a gray morning
are sure signs of a fair day."
2. Observations of the moon.?Signs of wind.
?The moon appears very large; she puts on a
reddish color; her horns arc pointed and blackish ;
she is surrounded by a distinct and reddish circle.
If the circle is double or broken it is the sign of a
tempest. At the new moon there is often a change
of wind.
Signs of rain.?Her disc is pale; the c.\treme- | ,
ties of her crescent is blunted. The circle around ,
the moon attended by a south wind portends rain
the next day. When the wind is south and the (
moon is viable only the fourth night, it portends
much rain for the the month.
Signs of fair weather.?The spots on the moon
are very visible ; a brilliant circle surrounds her
when full. If her horns are sharp the fourth day, ,
it will be fair till the full moon, ller disc very
brilliant three days before the change or the full
rnoon, always denotes fair weather. After each
new and full moon there is often rain followed by !
fair weather.
3. Observations of the stars.?Signs of rain.? j
They appear large and pale; their twinkling is
imperceptible, or they arc encircled. In summer
when the wind blows from the cast and the stars
appear larger than usual, then look out for sudden
rain.
Sig us of fair weather and rold.?The stars ap. |
pear in great numbers, are brilliant and sparkle
with the brightest lustre.
Prognostics furnished by the Atmosphere.
1. Observations of the clouds.?Signs of wind.
?When the clouds fly briskly, show themselves '
suddenly at the south or west, when, as will as
the sky, they are red, particularly in the morning.
A shower after high wind is a sure sign that the
storm is approaching its end, whence the common !
saying,41A little rain lays a greet wind
0:" "* ?Tho mast fruitful source of me- '
O???o vj ?
teorolcgical prognostics has always been the different
appearances and changes of aspect of the j
clouds; being the immediate cause of rain and !
snow, the) have always been regarded as furnishing
the surest and most direct signsof the changes
* *
of the weather. In spite of their sudden changes
and fugitive forms we shall give the principal in- j
truction which can be derived froin tlum. In .
cloudy weather, when the wind blows rain ought
to follow. Clouds are also a sign of rain when j
they accumulate, and resemble rocks ?r mountains ;
piled one upon another, when they come from the
outh, or often change their direction. When they
are numerous in the north-west in the evening,
when they arc black and come from the east,
- - .... 4i r
there will be rain in tnc nigiu; 11 mcy come uom ;
the west it will be the next day; when they re. j
einble flcccce of wool it will rain after two or three
days.
When there has been much rain in a neighbor. I
ing place, especially in summer, several layers of
clouds arc formed; we may then expect some
rain, but of 6hort duration, because the humidity
which was the cause of it was not considerable, we
have then what arc called rain.gusts. The rain
is of short duration when the 6ky is covered with
clouds in the morning, and the air being calm, the
rays of the Bun penetrate the clouds; for the heat
40* by dilating the upper air, renders it capable of containing
more moisture, and the weather becomes
clear. But if several layers of clouds exist in the
air, and moist winds prevail, the rain will be of
long duration. It will also be so, but by surges,
if the layers move with different degrees of swift,
ncss in such a manner as to leave intervals in pass,
ing one over the other. If the rain commences
Knur nr two before sunrise, there is reason to
expect it will be fair at noon ; but if it begins to
rain an hour or two after sunrise, generally, it will
contiuuc to rain during the whole day, and then
it will cease. When the rain eemcsfrom the south
with much wind for two or three hours, if the
wind cease an<l the r?in continue, hi this care
the horses neigh violently and gambol; tbc sheep |
and goals frisk and butt each other ; the cuts
wash their faces and their cars ; the dogs scratch
the ground eagerly and a great noise is heard in
their bellies; the rats and mice make mere noise
gf
than usual, &.c. The frogs and toads croak in
the ditches; worms issue fiom the ground in ubun
V
dance ; the spiders work little and retire into their
, , t(
corners ; the hi.s arc less lively and more biting ;
v
the ants make haste to their hillocks, and the becito
the ir hives; the gnats sing more than usual, &c.
Signs of fair iceather.?The kites and bitterns '
. u
fly with cries; the swallows fly very high (for the ^
insects then keep in the upper regions;) the turtles
coo slowly; the red-breast rises into the air and
sings; the wrens sing till nine or ten o'clock in
a
the forenoon, and in the afternoon till four or five
o'clock, &.c. The gnats and the flies play in the
air after sunset; the hornets and wasps appear in
great numbers in the morning; the spiders appear
in the air and upon the plants, spin tranquilly, and ^
extend their webs largely.
Different signs and prognostics.
Signs of rain derived from inanimate bodies.?
They are without number. We may mention the t
swelling of wood ; the deposition cf moisture upon ^
stones and iron which seem to sweat; we then see
the cords of musical instruments snap, the canvas r
or paper of pictures relax, the salt become moist,
! a remarkable circle appearing around the lights,
| the pools or tanks becoming troubled or muddy,
j Signs of a storm.?When the weather is sultry !
i and the 6oil chaps, it is always a presage of a ,
storm at hand. In the summer when the wind j
has blown from the south two or three days when
the thermometer is high, and the clouds form largewhite
piles, like mountains one upon another, ac. ,
companicd with black clouds underneath ; if two .
clouds of this sort appear in opposite quarters. It
has been observed that the south wind brings the
i most storms and the east wind the fewest.
Signs of hail and snouc.?Clouel6of a yellowish
white, and which move slowly though the wind
is h gh. If before sunrise the sky towards the
cast is pale, and if refracted rays appear ii the
thick clouds, then expect great storms with haii.
White clouds in summer are signs of hail, but in
winter, of snow, especially when the air is somej
what mild ; in spring and winter, when the clouds
are of a blucish white, and much extended, we
j may expect rain, which is nothing else than fog
} congpnU'd.
t Signs of raid and frost.--Tfcc premature an-.
pcarance of wild geese and other birds of passage ;
the collection of the small birds in flocks ; the bril- i
lianey of the moon's disc, and the sharp appear- I
ancc of its horns after the change from full to i
new ; if the stars are brilliant; if small low clouds
by toward, the north ; if the snow falls fine, while
the clouds are piled up like rocks. I
From the Southern Planter.
FISH. ]
Mr. Eiuroit:?I have been long an attentive )
cadt r cf the Planter, and have often thought of t1
mdeavoring to contribute something amusing or
isef.il to your numerous readers and correspond
:nt?, in return for the many uselul ana amusing
>ieces which I have received from them. Your
>apcr abounds with essays upon the best mode of
aising horses, cows, sheep and hogs, but no one, I
>elievc, has yet thought of saying a word about y
aising fish. For the present, I will content myself
with relating an experiment upon this subject,
vhich may be amusing if not useful to your read
:re. In the winter of 1840 and 1841. I had ocr
:asion to make an ice pond just below a spring .
ind very near my house, in hopes of using it du- 4I
ing the winter: but it was so late before I fin.
v
shed it, that it proved of little avail for that pur>ose;
I then thought of using it as a fish pond,
ind made it a little deeper and put ditches around .
t, so that it should be fed by none but spring wa- .
er, that it might be pure, and that it might keep ^
he great floods of water above the spring from ^
oming down in heavy rains to break my dam,
vhich was of dirt. In the spring of the year followng,
I put a number of roaches and other small j
ish in the pond as breeders, the former to breed
mall fish for food for the larger ones, which I inended
afterwards to put in?the latter to breed for
iso: among- which were many sun perch and lit- ^
' O JJ
lc swamp chubs or horn-fish, as some call them, j
n breeding the roaches and sun perch, I had sueceded
most wonderfully before the end of the j
ummcr. About the last of August I could bring ^
housands of them to any part of the pond by ^
browing in a few crumbs of bread or a little fat
aeon. In September or October following, I ^
ut in the pond seven Carolina chub and two pike,
ome of them twelve or fourteen inches long, .
' 11
thcrs much smaller, and never saw any thing I .
aorc of them till the first warm weather this spring, j ^
then had the curiosity to examine the pond, when j ?
saw the two pike and four or five of the chub,' c
11 apparently much increased in size. I saw at , ^
,ic same time many small fish about four or five i
ichcs long, which 1 took to be young chub, hut i
ley might have been sun perch, of which I have j
iscovcrcd a great many in the pond smce. Some t ,
me after this, I invited a neighbor and his son !
: n
from whose pond I obtained the chub) to come j
. , . . oi
ver and sec Ins old subjects. He '.".id so and wo ,
ere fortunate enough to see one oi the largest of i
^ 6 j o
ir old chubs and many young oms, as he and ^
is son both thought. In this, however, we might .j
avc Iiecn mistaken?they may have been sun ,
' Cl
creli; but I see no reason why the chub may not ^
avc multiplied as fast as the sun peich, which
re now very numerous, and big enough for tiie
an. At almost any hour of the day, when a < ^
Mrin spell of weather immediately follows a cold j ^
ne, the chub may be seen traversing the pond j
early upon tiie top of the water, causing the ^
nail fry to dart for it in every direction, rccol. ^
cting no doubt the sad havoc which had been .
I ir
lade upon them on former occasions; the sun | ^
cr.-h, however, if of any size, seems not to regard j
lis little monster of our deep; but holds his place, ; ^
isregarding and disregarded, by liis dangerous , ^
cighbor. Tiicsc sun perch will take a position J ^
i the pond near the shore, and remain there for i ,
ays, and sometimes for weeks, without changing
, or seeming to seek any food, or to cat any thing j .
xcept it be a small fish-worm, and that only j '
hen it is thrown in contact with its mouth.?* .
al
'he chub sometimes will take a similar position,
I c<
nd remain for hours at it; but it is mucn more j ^
as'.ly frightened away. The sun perch, if you j
sarc him away, will come again in very quick j
i.ne, but the chub will not return so soon, and ;
PI
rill not stay so long when lie docs coinc. I at- ;
?nd my pond every morning, when I am at home, ;
rith cups of bread about half as big as my hand. !,
Vith this I feed the little fish and it seems amly
sufficient to keep an abundant supply of them
s food for the large ones. The chub may eat
read, and it is said they have been caught with
1 on a hook; but it is my opinion, they will only , ^
at bread, when they arc half-starved for fish. At f,
ny rate I have never seen them notice bread; j p
liougli I have frequently seen them when it was , ^
iving at the bottom of the pond plain in their : n
itw. ! a
I have frequently heard of whistling up fish ' n
rom the deep, and leading them up and down j y
he pond by certain calls; but I was always in- j tj
lined to believe these tales fabulous. I however, q
im now inclined to think from my late experience ! a
hat the thing is practicable; though I do not ^
iretend to say that I have trained mine to any ! 0
iuch whitlles or calls yet. If any one of your
cadcrs have turned their attention to this subject, g
i few lines from them, would, I think, be read t
with pleasure and profit. A fresh dish of fish is a j a
jrcat delicacy, when they are caught in great
lbundance every day; how much more highly j t
would they be valued, when they can only be had j 0
in nearly a putrid condition. I ^
I may be too sanguine, Mr. Editor, but it is J c
clearly my opinion that it will cost no more to (
raise fish than it does to raise chickens; and that t
the time is not distant, when I shall be able to get , ,
a mess of frtsh fish with as little, or perhaps less ! j
labor, than those who live on the tide water banks j ,
of the James and Potomac rivers. \
Cuas. S. Jones. (
[At the paper mill in this city, they require a
constant supply of pure water, which is obtained
from a pond supplied by a spring branch. The
intelligent manager of the establishment, Mr. 1
Richards, some months since, called our attention j 1
to the mvriads of fish that swarmed in this pond, |
and informed us that they were the product of a '
few that he had placed in it a year or two apo, by ( *
way of experiment. He had procured a general ( 1
rtmcnt of the f;t;i common to our water*, and 1
the rain will be prolonged during twelve hours or J
even more, and will then cease. These long rains
rarely last more than twenty-four hours.
Signs of fair ireaiher.?When at sunrise the
clouds appear to be gilded or to vanish; when small i
clouds seem to descend or to go against the wind; 1
when they are white or the sky is what is called I
curdled, the pu:i being above the horizon. It has
been observed that a curdled sky, which denotes
fair weather lor the day when it appears, is generally
followed by rain two or three days after.
Ji. Observations of fog*.?Signs oj rain.? ? lien j i
the fogs seem attached towards the summits of <
the hills, it will rain in a day or two ; if, in a dry ?
time the fogs appear to ascend more than usual, <
sudden rain. t
Signs of fair weather.?If the fogs seem to be p
dissipated or to descend a little after rain ; if. after i
sunset or before sunrise, there arises from waters 1
or meadows a whitish fog, it indicates heat and i
fair weather for the day following. The deposi- ?
tion of moisture upon the inner side of the panes \
of glass is a sign of fair weather for the day. e
3. Observations of the icind.?In almost all c
France, the west or north-west winds give rain or a
showers; that of the south or south-west prepares r
the weather for it. The west winds sometimes i
give light rains, although the barometer may be p
very high. When the weather is stormy there are a
many opposite winds in the atmosphere, the move- i
inent of clouds in different directions, or in a di- t
rection contrary to that indicated by the weather- t
cocks, is therefore a sign of a storm. c
Prognostics furnished by Vegetables. v
Signs of rain.?The bind-wced of the fields,
the chick-weed of the fields, the rainy marigold, ^
and many other plants, shut their blossoms at the 8
approach of rain ; which has indeed procured for 1
the chick-wccd the name of Poor Man's Buromc- 1
ter. t
Prognostics furnished by Animals.
The air almost pervades the bodies of birds, the
organs of respiration being continued in their
bones, it is not therefore surprising that they should
appear more sensible to the variations and influ- '
enccs of the atmosphere than other animals. The
luiMtrr nnd all Dcrsona obliged to
"""o*""'' ",w ' -? ?
pass their lives abroad consult them especially :
they will furnish us the greatest number of signs.
Sign* of wind.?The aquatic birds collect upon j
the shore and sport there, especially in tiie mornin<r
: the coots and ducks arc uneasy and clamorous;
the ravens shoot through the air or sport upon j
the banks. The fislus of the sea and of the fresh .
water when they leap frequently above the surface, .
presage a storm. ^
Signs of a calm.?The return of the halcyon to
the sea while the wind still blows; the issue of
moles from their holes : the ordintry singing of v
the small birds ; the play of the dolphins upon the
water durin the st??rnig. i
. t
Signs of rain.?The water-fowl quit the sea fi r ^
the land ; the land-birds, and especially the geese j
and ducks, resort to the water, and there make 1
great splashing and noise ; the ravens aad crows j j*
assemble and then suddenly disappear; the pies j
and jays collect in flocks and make a great noi.se ;
the crows caw in the morning in an interrupted ^
manner or mere than u>ual; the herons and buzzards
fly low; the swallows skim the surface of the
water; the small birds neglect their food and fly >
. n
to their nests; the pigeons keep their cotes; the ^
fowls and partridges roll themselves in the dust
and shake their wings; the cock crows in tlie
evening and morning and bruts his wings; the
lark and the sparrow sing very early; the chaffinch
is hoard very early near the houses; the peacocks
and the owls cry louder and oftcncr than us- ?
ual during the night, &c. The asses bray more
than usual; the oxen distend their nostrils, look .
towurd the south, lie down and lick themselves;
... . c
had found them all to increase and multiply ex- J
cccdingly. He expressed the conviction that eve- /
ry country gentleman could, with a little expense
and less trouble, keep his table constantly supplied
with the finest fish. Nothing is more common in
n i . _ - 1
England than tncse artificial fish ponds, and we
have no doubt they would prove as profitable as
convenient.
To any of our friends who desire to try the exjeriment
we would recommend the Potomac white
>erch, which is different from, and superior to,
iny otherpan fish we ever saw.?Ed. So. Planter.]
how does cumate affect the staple of
wool ?
From the Farmers' Monthly Visitor.
Hopkinlon, N. H., Aug. 1st, 1840.
Hon. Isaac Hill:?In the Visitor of yesterday,
low before me, I find a very interesting account
>f Col. Jaques, his farm, and his stock?but more 1
specially interesting is the account of the man- ]
igement of his stock, and his theory for its improve- 1
nent. I will touch only upon his theory respect- 1
ng his flock of South Downs. He states, that J
1 to give them the finer and uniform quality of 1
vool down to the fetlock, and an increased quan- '
ity over the whole body, he had so disposed of
heir breeding that they should present their lumbB
n the fall, instead of the spring." He founds the
mprovement of the wool of his Bhcep on the prin- j
iplc, " that the economy and providence of naure
arc such, that animals clothed in wool or fur
rill increase or diminish the quantity of either,
ccording to the climate, which require* more or
:bs wool or fur to warm the body."
It is on this same principle of the " economy
nd providence of nature," that I found the imrovcracnt
of the wool of my sheep; but my manor
of doing it is the reverse of that of Col. Jaques. ,
f my views arc right, they may be of some scr- j
ico to wool growers, who would be likely to fol- ]
>w a principle hid down and reduced to practice
y a person of so much influence as Col. Jaques.
ly reasons for adopting a different manner of itnrovement,
may be seen in the following acount.
In the fall of 1821, I bought a small number of
rll-blood Merino sheep, for the purj>oee of increaing
my flock and raising fine wool. For a num.
cr of years I allowed the buck to go with the
ock the year round, in order that uiy lambs should
ouic in the winter, supposing birth at that 6eason
ould have a natural influence in producing a i
iorc abundant quantity, and a much finer quality ]
f wool. In breeding in this way, with the nicest i
arc as to male parentage, I found all my young 1
icep bore wool of an inferior quality to my origi- 1
al stock. 1 had nearly made up my mind that t
ur country was not suited to the growth of fine
*ool, and that in the course of time the offspring
f fine Spanish sheep would become assimilated ,
), and lost in, our native breed. From conversion
and reflection on the subject, I concluded to | (
liange rny course, and let the month of May be 1
le yeaning month, and a few years only were '
ceded to produce a change for the better, as ap- (
arent as day from night. All agree that a cold ^
limate is calculated to produce a finer, softer, and f
sore abundant covering for the animal creation, 1
iaii a hot one ; and for that reason a lamb that is c
ropped in May, or the fore part of June, will pro. 3
ucc more and better wool than one which comes 1
t the fall or winter. By allowing the male to go J
> the female in December, wc have the whole of
ic winter for the formation of the animal, and 3
ith all the other parts, every fibre of the wool is c
rmed, and the lamb is fitted for a cold climate with *
fleece of the finest and warmest kind. After f
>e perfect formation and production of the ani- r
tal, the heat of our summer produces no change
i the quality of the wool, or if any, it is so slight
j to be wholly unperccived. Sheep that are at f
II times kept in a perfectly healthy condition, 1
sntinue to produce wool equally fine, soft and s
rautiful, year after year, till visited by old age, 1
ad then, like the hair of an aged person, it be- s
amcs in some degree more harsh and rigid. By 8
roviding for the birth of lambs in the fall, gesta- *
ition is going on during the heat of summer, and ^
aturc, true to her work, prepares the lamb with a '
airy, coarse covering suited to a warm climate. J
Stephen Sibley. (
. - f
curious art. <
Thousands have admired the perfection of the I
gurce produced by the looking-glass and picture f
ame manufacturers on the corners and other I
arts of the elegant gilt frames; but the art has
een kept so close a secret amung the craft, that I
ot even the apprentices of the trade have been i
flowed to know the 6ecrct of this peculiar art, till {
car the expiration of their term of apprenticeship, I
Ve shall here describe the whole process as prac- t
iced by the beet burnish gilders at the present time. I
["he composition becomes nearly as hard as stone, I
nd the art will furnish an agreeable amusement
a many, who arc not connected with that branch <
f business. |
Process.?Dissolve one pound of glue in one i
allon of water; in another kettle boil together i
wo pounds of rosin, one gill of vcnice turpentine, i
nd one pint of linseed oil. Mix altogether in one i
Lcttle, and continue the boiling, stirring them alogcthcr
till the water has evaporated with the
ithcr ingredients. Then add finely pulverized i
vh'.iing till the mass is brought to the consistency
>f soft putty. This composition will be hard when
:old; but being warmed it may be moulded to
my shape by curved stamps or prints; and the
noulded figures will soon become dry and hard,
tnd will retain their shape and form more permanently
than carvings of wood. They may be fas;cncd
with common glue on either plain surface
>r mouldings.?Mechanic.
From the H. IV. Farmer.
Mr. North :?I send you for insertion a remedy
for the Dots in Horses, which was used with
success and highly recommended by Mr. Thos.
Mason, of Surry county, Va., who was experienced
in the treatment of diseases in horses, as
one which never failed, if applied before the storoach
was destroyed. The sage tea being a powerful
astringent, will rau?? the grub* to rhrink up
and let go their hold on the stomach, when, coming to
in contact with the tar, they will be immediately int
killed, and afterwards they are carried off by the the
purgative medicine. Mr. Mason remarks that inti
tar is the only thing that can be safely introduced Fr<
into the stomach of a horse that will effbctually the
destroy the Bots. tha
CURE FOR THE BOTS OR GRUBS. m,<
Give one quart of warm sweet sage tea: half hut
an hour after give another quart; half an hour af- caF
ter give one gill of lard mixed with one gill of tar, n?
warmed sufficiently to pour down the throat; half
an hour after give a purgative, and the Bots will
be passed off dead.
G. II. GRAY. J
Vicksburg, Sept. 19. row
yoi
SUGAR AS A MANURE. "I?
A London paper states, that a merchant of Liv- 'ho
erpool, engaged in the Brazil trade, has memorial* wil
ized the board of trade to permit the importation I hi!
into that country of sugar from Brazil, to be used of t
ss manure. The memorial states: It is rumored, 'he
that, whereas the new manure guano, cannot be hxi
imported for less than ?15 per ton, coarse Brazil 'er
r
mgar can oe imponca ai *14 per ion.
tha
butter. at 1
At a late agricultural meeting in Maine, it wa? mei
Jtated that the great reason why the butter made
by Quakers in Fairfield had so great reputation, brci
and sold for so high a price, was that they were the_
careful to procure the best description of coarse grei
xalt, and cleaned and pulverized it for tho manu- ben
facture of their butter. unci
cot
From the S. W. Farmer. J
MORE BRAG FICK1NO. Qf (
We lcam, fiom the Vicksburg Sentinel, that Jjj
six hands on the plantation of Dr. Peck, under surT
:he management of Mr. Porter, piekedinone day (he
1921 pounds of cotton, aa follows: grc
Ranncy, 365 ,.v
Cud. 335 L
Port, 320 nt)(
Jim, 310
Bill, 301 o!J
Martha, 290 ?. h<
disc
The average to each hand was 320 1-6 lb. fr jc
crci
More Stiix.?A correspondent of the South on
states, that four hands belonging to Isaac R. ^ ^
Bass, of Madison, picked in one day, as follows, , ^
espectively: 5U3, 4yo, 48b, 42U?in all 1U34 id., ^
>ei:ig- an average of 476 lb. to the hand, each j
land emptying his own sack.?Ibid.
PaWWWMMWMMWMMBM?? M? ?i
From the N. Y. Herald. WUI
LONDON, Sept. 9, 1942.
To the Hon John C. Calhoun? to I
My Dear Sir?If I have addressed this ?"*
etter to yoti, it is not alone from the jtisti. 'Tic
ication which I find in the recollections pay
jf an old and cherished friendship, but foll<
rom the fact, that I desire to attract the doe
jublic attention to its object, through the w'hi
nstrumentality of a name far more influ- othi
intial than my own. Be not suiprised, if *eei
,'ou seo it first in the newspapers. I wish mci
lot only "to think aloud," but to speak und
iloud. f?lh
My purpose in writing to you, is to put whi
roil in possession of a knowledge of the day
.'ondition of American credit in Europe, don
vith a suggestion of the indispensable ne- Con
:es3ity of our doing something nt home, to ceni
neet the truly alarming crisis, which this wou
tate of things presents. ten
I am far from defending the profuse will
lonfidence with which European capital, und
sts lent their money during a period of His i
ix years from 1834 !o 1840, to our coup- be i
rymen, even on the faith of a variety of V
schemes, exceedingly visionary and un- own
lotind. They did this, however, out of soui
he excess of a virtue, which may have ?>tal
>een pushed to the extent of rather nn and
uriiable ihan criminal weakness ; for they refe
;enerally made these loans at a loss rate raI <
>f interest than they could he effected, if curs
it all at home, and apparently for objects to b
jf great public utility. But the loans to this
he States stand on a different footing,? thai
it least in reference to the public sane- capi
ions, with which they are invested? Uni
They were made according to your -ead sigr
ng and mine of the Constitution, to save, pop
eigns under the obligations of n high ble
juhlic faith; many of them werecontrac- at 5
cd on terms greatly advantageous under urnc
he agency of houses of the fiist rcspeola- of \
dlity, whose liberality and confidence pro!
<new no bounds. mar
This confidence was given to our young wot
country, because our resources (in no de- grv
AVMCTtrprflted^ were confederated im- fros
J.vv ...-f, / ---
rnenflc, and because it was thought as we con
are of the Saxon family, we were cssenti- Hoi
ally n debt paying people. Indeed, from deb
nn observation, which a larger residence Con
for the last five years in Europe than in per
America, enables me to make, it is quite the
nbvious, if we had paid the interest on our cau
foreign debt, that the rate of that interest the
would have fallen gradunlly to the level of j
that paid by some of the oldest and best my
established States in Europe, and that for thii
objects of well founded public utility, and coi
even of private enterprize, our industry of i
at home might have been almost indefi- wit
nitely invigorated out of the large surplus the
of this country. You will say, I am sure, an<
that this facility of borrowing, has been a ma
great curse to our own. This I admit, is de?
true to certain extent; but it wasconver- the
ted into a curse by the action of our Gov- tru
prnmeni on the currency of the United an*
" #
States. Under judicious regulations and mo
prudential guards, a state of things more of
propitious to the development of there, tha
sources of a young country like ours, bor- the
rowing of?u old ono liko this, its enpifnf sp<
i
%
invigorate ita labor, at a low rate of
ercst, cannot well be conceived. .If
i profits of labor transcended tho rate of
crest, it was to create capital at home.
>m what other sources have sprung
>se miracles of enterprize and wealth,
t are to be found in our country in the
Jst of a population of eighteen millions,
this conjoint action of our labor on the
titnl of others. The Pilgrims found
Bank of England planted on the rock
Plymouth, or the Huguenots of South
rolina, the gems of Samarcand on its
rsty plains.
But if you consider this faculty of hording
abroad, my Dear Sir. as an evil,
i may certainly console yourself with
conviction that it no longer exists, nl.
ugh f am equally convinced that you
- -? - l ; L I 1 A
1 regret me cause wnicn nas prouuccu
i want of confidence in the good faith
he people of the United States, and
consequences which have followed in
ng so severe a stigma on the characof
our county.
t is absurd for us to talk in America
t we do not want the capital of Europe,
he very moment when the Govern*
nt of the United States has sent an
ent abroad to borrow for its daily
ad. We do want their money and
y want the results of our labor. And
ally then is U to be deplored that this
leficinl interchange has been suspended
Icr circumsiances so disastrous to both
intrics.
-.et me now give you a brief statement
he present condition of American ere*
in Europe, and without presuming to
gest a remedy, to enquire of you wher
tho force of public opinion, (if ConS3
has not the const.tulional competcnto
do any thing.) acting through tho
gislatures of the defaulting States canbo
made sufficiently potent to conce
them of tho truth and force of tho
adage that, after all, in the long run,
mesty is the best policy."
rhc first branch of my subject I can
mss in a very few words. As our old
nd Randolph used to say, American
jit is killed " stono dead." John JaAstor
might obtain an uncovered erefor
a reasonable amount (where he was
>wn,) and Mr. Bates, of tne house of
ings, by wearing out a pair of shoos in
king from the Mansion House to tho
lories, might sell fifteen hundred pounds
th of Massachusetts stock, with large
iccssions to the buyer. The fact is
the less to be concealed that we begin
je regarded as a nation of sharpers and
ndicrs, with whom, if tho day of judgnt
should happen to be on Monday, our
day will not bo until the Tuesday
uwing. Tins revulsion of confidence
s not arise so much from a discredit,
ch attaches to our resources ; or, in
ir words, our ability to pay, as our
ning indisposition to pay. The for
is still considered in many cases as
oubtcd, whilst a sickening distrust has
3D upon the latter. Hence ii ia, that
1st the rate of interest has fallen this
to two and a half per cent in the Lonmarket,
it is not probable that if the
innissioner of the United States six per
t loan, were to offer a price which
>idsecure an interest of ten percent,
pounds of the stock could be sold,
lout, from considerations of policy,
er tite advice of Lord Ashburton, on
return to England, the Barings should
nduced to take the loan,
yhen we contrast this credit of our
i country, teeming with gigantic rexes,
with the palmy credit of other
tes that have little else but good faith
high taxation to offer, it isimpossible to
r it to any other cause but a deep mordistrust
in us?the most ignominoua
ie thai can fall on a people who aspire
s civilized and free. Of the truth of
fact, 1 cannot give you a better proof
i that whilst no one will look to, and
italists turn with aversion from, the
ted States loan, the comparatively inlificant
town of Hamburg, with ita
ulation of 200,000 inhabitants to cunit
to rise out of its ashes, has borrowed
J 1.2 per cent precisely double the
junt of our proposed loan, one farthing
vhich the U. S. Commissioner will
lably not be able to negotiate. Den k
and Belgium, neither of which
tld be scarcely a breakfast for the hunstomach
of Brother Jonathan cn a
ity morning, can borrow at four per
t what they want, and England and
Hand, with the principal of a public
t, the payment of which is likely to be
itemporancous with the discovery of
petual motion, can borrow just what
y want, at and under 3 per cent, beisc
they pay their interest,, and tax
mselvrs to pay their interest.
\s a Stntevman nnd Patriot, I am sure,
dear sir, you will s:iy that this state of
ngs must not be permitted to lost, no
intry can continue in the worst specie*
nsolvency, a bankruptcy in its repute,
hout losing that self respect which is
i salient spring of all that gives vigor,
i renown to nationnl character. It
y be said that as a nation we are in no
jree responsible, for this decadence in
i credit of the States. This may be
e to a certain extent. Our national
J political aggregation, however, if I
,y so speak, is made up of this family
States, and you may depend upon it
it other nations and posterity will hold
5 government of the Union morally ru?
>nsiblcfor the character of its members