Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, September 23, 1840, Image 1
* INI! NH
fT'-m MBMMMMMMMMBM??S3??
VO LUMKv
t?p??w?HgapeMB??
m > 8&&0&E&W)
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
T E 11 M ?>:
If paid within three mouths, . . $3 00
li piil within three months after the
olose of the year, - 3 50
If paid within twelve months after the
0I090 of thayoar 4 09
If not piid within that time, ... 500
Two neio iiuhscrioers will he entitled to the |
paper the first year for five dollars, piid at the !
time of subscribing . and livo now subscrib ;rs
for ten dollars pud at the time of subscribing.
No p ip ?r to Oo discontinued but -it the option
of the editor till arrearages are paid.
A-lvartisa.neuts not exceeding sixteen lines,
inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty
cents, each subsequent ins srtion.
Persons sending in advertisements are requests*.
-o specify the number of limes they are to lie j
i'.se ted; otherwise they will ho continuedtiil [
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
tCTThe Postage irust be oaid ou all comtnu.
n'catiaiis.
[From the "Agriculturist,"]
DURHAM CATTLK.
It is a m;i'trr of no dispute nt litis rlu\
that Durliains ;?r<* ir?nsc? itdatplv siijmtioi,
"II m a11v other hrt.inl of ca ||i\
if n i? ?* "j'*. * ?? ? -? ? -#r To
be Mire, wr fiij'f ?>!)?.* occasionally who
dn;: is ili': iiss4*rfioii. br w?* f.*k?* i I ror.ui
tod lli lt $urii an* entirely lie Xpeiioir i d w i'
^ (lie (f i,u lie x'ork. In a l*onic r No. w?*
madr soiih* iimii irks on ibis stibj<-?l y i vv
ftie inclined to llniik u is >i ? m of s?>
notch importance, unit ii nilgai In; profi:abl.
discussed every inonib. T.ik loh<wn<? hp
lh* superior qudiues for wmcli we streuu
uousiy contend iii ill-* Djrb iius. and wn:?;i.
we shall con inue to inUocut; nil we ar.
convinced to the contrary.
1st. From several years experience and
observation, we are lul'y saisfnd ilia! I) irham
cattle will keep j.-, b?- t-r order, and i?<
more thrifty on the same qua tin y and qiral-.
ly of food, tban otiier van* 5 ps wiiica ,\e 1
have seen. We do no: intend to s iy li'ii
iJurhims, or anv other bre **l! be prob
table to the turne r w thou ri<*b pa-t ir* >. to
we believe that halt.starv* d caule are ? ?
unprodiieiive sio< k as could bo foun I. Th
gocrei ofk'-ep eaiMe lor any purpose, i?*
loalways tiave tie iii fir. It is a sate propo*..
tioti to assume, ttiat a fat amend ni iv b<
k? pt so oil the h tine tnod t''Ht a j.o >r mi
will just make out io loe; and we are no
sure that a thrifty crow in lull II sti wilJ n<>
bold it with (be f?*?;?l hat a poor oik; ? -?
s'arve to death. Ii is l|i?*n, in pomt of economy*
to die a'lviiiitHjje c?f Me* Iarm?*r :?
Ktud), the first t'llllj. how o eel nil lijs raid,
iii condition. Auoiber 'clvantaife ()
bit cnnle is, that they ?p; tin: only oars iha
will furnish the foully or in nket with ten.
Good milkers are not such wte n very pom,
but we ailmit that a deep milker is mnei. j
more difficult to k?*??|? in fl sli tint:acow lt>:it j
is light at lite pair,and we in entail) that a w-11
fed ntilk'T is worth more lor hotter and mdk
than a dozen loan, >11 favored * strippers " ;
For fear we may b- misun lers o<? I, we re.
mark, that neither Durhams nor o tiers are ,
worh tiny thing without it great deal of good
food. We have hoard farm rs spe.ik of
lute of importing A\ rslnro e.? tie into this j
^ coun ry, because it is sac) that they will ,
kef p fa on the short grass an I tlrv old fields t
that will starve others ; hut when mis is trod ,
it will ? e found a deception, when we fear ,
it w I be loo late. So far as we nave \- j
pcrienoed. animals til all k tels are proti'a
We in proportion to what they c t ; that is.
those that e t must, otto r things !?i iii<j equa1. j
ore generally h> st. Take, for example, v\u j
horses, ore* a punv, ligli ea*? r, and liar other
a greedy and abundant f ed?*r, and we v?-nture
lltut. lite la ier will do double the work j
of ib?- tVm< r. It is the same cast; wun o\.
rn ; ?in*l if sou see a cow th=?t is alwass j
sua li ng and tliinong when ?!?* should he I
pating. you may res; assured she is of lm
inIi?* account ; but S? 0 a row lha mil drink
up slops* wid hi any and evrrvdiii.g he. !
fort; In r. wuhou stopping to inquire whether
or not it \s very su.liihle to her, an J you 1
will scarcely ev? r be mistaken if you s<-t i,?*r
down as a good one. The question we '
ooiliw.enecd discussing is. no: wt.elliei *-a: l?- i
will live without eut'iig. Imji w hitler or not !
Durhams w.JI he profitable on t e sum tood
of other cattle. H re we have n?;;!h"r log '
ic nor ana ogy to sustain our position ; \
perietn o of ours'Ives and oihns is th*- o-.ly
testimony iijain which we ran rely. We !
say they an; by iar the best cattle* to lite
amount o( fe?d.]we know ; so say ail, if we
are nut egrrgiuusly rn sl-k'-n, who have |
tned (liein.
2d. Tuat D irham c.vtle mrnrc sooner
.. .
than oth* rs \v?- mink none \t u: oeuy.
81. Tint ili?-y .ire tli? ties st? U for lac!, !
is nppaiou: from tin: liu-t mo they kf? j?
much fatt r and grow l.?rif*T man others.
From every neconn we h.vo ht*?*n al.l?* to
gh'uti, ilu*v are u??rd? a i- a.stonc iIiimJ mor
fir beef h:m o'ltcrs.
4'h. F??r ni. k, we l?cli#,vc% Durham!* are
generally much pr #*? ral?!e to o her hoed-.
Though we finJ go.nl milk? rs among*! i
most breed.*; and, indeed, fine, mdkeis d pond
a grout ileal ujein the niaimgem. nt
wi lt the first, call, as well as Upon t ic p.-srw
ticulnr stock. Ifa heder is so hnuntihilly
fed as to dis'end the udder, and she regular,
ly and cleanly milk- d, it is safe to calculate
thai 'he large majority of cows may l?*made
tolerable milker*. I: is a general rule,
that large rows secrete more milk than small
ones; y??t 'Ins rule sometime,, lias xcep ions
The chief intention ol tie se remarks, is,
to point out such disiingushing minks of the
gerinine Durham b'"ed as to prevent iiu
positions; and also to statu sucti character
istics as are essen iul for the selection of
breeders.
1st. Durham? are usually, if not univers
.! .v d ci
""""""writ
.'illy, known bv the < <?l?>r. and ? xo?-'?-tl rii? 1 \
fine ro:i's of iinir. Thon<jh it in ay [) r ap'
lio respectful to remark, Ih.it rani * of every
color mid lin<;e ;i p. s nit'"red over tin* conn,
trv cl ijininif to b<? Durham*, an ! wedoubi
not their owners tnink l Ivy are ; l>"t "
known, tli it impositions of cvry bun liavt
li'-nii palmed upon ?!* funic rs of r#-*nnt sec
It is a iiMtheoi itical course ot rt asoninif tr
%ov what is not tr"e bfbre sta ins livcorree
j)os!|ion ; so of can't!; when we ti ll wti i
colors ire not D uhatns, i: will In- an eas\
mutter to see Pie rijfhi color. Dot harm
ncv.-r liivt black about thein.no e?eubl?cl.
hairs about tl.e muzzle, tl nik<, or fe?t ; ant
it' he nose is black, the breed is a iilfh
doubtful. We oecasiouafv s-'e a few brin
died spots aboti tip* f -et ami lens of pretty
well life.i conic, but in onr opinion they in
li<Nit * f*"oin?' import v of blood "!' ? brcn
l-r, wliii desire* purely bn*'l animals, sliotil"
ii?it |inr?*li I'm: i* darker than r?*?| any.
linn. Dtiiis .in l pale reds '?rt
object loneable. ;>n I m xe i w uli soue* lop-iun
Po'haps one ballot Dtirli un<
if lie West im* reds. or rods wi'li a
wiuto ; but if inns !>< remembered lot mod
of' til ! s Oi k ol K' li'ookv find Teutiest*' iip
<-r .ssi's upon Mr. S Hinders'import.iimn ol
1 J% and Mr. Cl >y's Heretor ls .'lid Mr. P.M.
Ion's old > ock r tnit w bore is a drop of (>: >. I
I .iiiy ? ! these ciossfs. tin; breed is nol
i sf r:i|.?. They in <y lie. :is stock non wlic
w it them s iv. llinroxtok-lircdx" Inn tltev
iot "Jul/ O/oo /s." ''ner tiii* if??*.iI numb ;
s <?f an.hi iU sidling v*h ?*11 s?r?* deep reds,
h rat ner ol a in ilioj it.y color, under li?
unearfer oi if?-?i?i?ii?* Dnrh-mis ; l?ut sindi
r** not t ic la'i; improved stock, and sliotd I
not bn s?dcc t' f, l|ioo>r:i I'icy to iv -' live lo.iy
m ili^n-*s and s?.|l at l.c.v prices. 'I'll if
nay lie soiia? yood aminos mostly red won
viijtc spots?l>ut \* hercver " re t jir done
.1 Mes, we ar?* firinlv of flu; !>o|i f tIt- i?- is a
- mom erovs ol .in inferior bp ed. W'- nriv
told, many o! die imported etu i" which
i.i vi' 1 M? ly come anions o?, arc red and r? d
id while. i'li:s is true?St.it li? ra:ise they
re imported, n is nol absolute e\ id* nee tie \
ire c -nuuie Durham*. We in iy suppose.
'least, that men in In land and Borland
iv lik" others in end-avoiiiiif'o send h.vjiv
le-ir a'lnl'erated ociisis io make room for
i?d sock. Sonic ol |l;o*e dealers, too,
I %
Imui (ins eountrv to imi^
i? d I or cat'l*. have > it 1'iiti i **l v jiroinjiUtW
v sji?iMi!.riv?? eonsderitions, and weenni?ii
roii 'lu li- 11.? y have paid me h-'s! ?? i?*? >*,
u broujnt me tics' Jitii'ii.ils in our 'oui?tr\.
ilV ilniii't very ititii*li T there j?r?? id *n\
ciniiiM? I )iir.i:uns w lieu Inu' lie- n innior.
...i ??.?.. TrnTi-srr, rtrn ITi?TT:v? llTll o E II:i'*ky
?r n|tier S aus, unless ii is where
rentleiiien ii.iVe j?(HIK In ml t is COtrifiy III
Cnclaiid lor airui ds for their own use and
r liu? use of their friends, Wu would,
mwever, sue^'-s', that most of the animals
inputted by Mr. Wait lor Caj>'. Simon
bailor!, are a> kuowhdopd i. t'ie En^li>h
1 id Ho .k. and show cleaily I lit* =r sup- ri?r1
v. Wlnie we mink of it, we udvi-?: n|<
>ur friends who hoy nii|)oried eat h* to look
f ;i?ey i?r their anrcs'ors are m lh? Herd
[took before they pureliase. We ur<M? tins
rom the consideration t at inns', it not ah
lie ch-tira ed breeders ?i| England hav
Ii ir o? d orees reroi'hd, as every one
.. .. r
%'ion'i!. " I'll * ?*i.It?is of short horn," S'\ine
llnv. h. Kerry, j?r<; rod or while, yr
;i mixture of the two, comihiiiin*! mi endless
v.?rie!v him! prod icmjf very rrt*r|ti?*ntl\ most
hr lliant The whi et ii is very pm.
h .hie, ;i.?'v ol?'a u**d Irom an ?sulv cros*
with !i?* w I i nrrcil, and whenever tue ml.
<!r shows iiseil* ii is ncroiripainod moo* < r
.crxs. I?y a re I tinj?e upon ili<* extremity of
mm* eir, n disi-Mriiv rh:?rar:er, si's?. of the
a lut-* I'.itile, i\i? pure imported >hnrt horns
re louiji! i?( any oi'it r oluts hie those
lion? named." I Ik? roiiiiiiiiHiion of jhe
red nii'l white which Mr. B' irv minions
ons null s. ;k we appnheud. w!ihi wo call
'o:?n, winch w it11 th" white, is Mi" only f ish,
ionnhl" himI approved color of the genuine
short-horns. Ki Inr of the colors (roan or
whim) is jjo''?!, '111 I teeth- r, we suppose nin
lone a pref-vence. L"t tie* color, then, h.
white or ro;?n. with yellow ii*?s-* an ! yellow
skin, an ! the in irks for Dtirh ous are ver\
s'rone. 'I'll" co.its of s .on-horiis are usti.
ally line, soft. r:|k v and not inif'r* ijn? nl'y,
when die hair 's pilshed ill*' wroilj W.iV, i'
w i.l con'intie a..?f.>r ? short time. T???t
skni of short-horns, when tney are only m
tolerable condition, i> loose, so ninch so th ;1
it may he rolled up with tin* ti inds Without
ilieonvellieiice to I ill* .'I llilll 11. llilV|ilO ||llieeil
in'feta.l t'ie <'olor a> the first Mis me.
dish able point, oy lite glance of I he eye, wc
proceed.
2 i. No ice carefully tie* nose an I me/.
A ?I .lie foroicr is \ellou, and the la:tei
round, neat, and delicate, ine marks , r?
I ieii?,
3'. The ryes should his lively and full
aiei theconntee nice i aim and p|e.i? mt.
4 ti. I he fe ad s' onld no In* v?;ry lone
hot modur. Jtfly deiiaitr, tapd hie. bony,
and fr'-e from ail surplusages uf ni '? . par
i**nI *cly under li e ihioat, winch is a serumohje.tion.
5:1.. The ears ?<f good carle are ?en? r
ally large an I but never le.ose and slo
e 11 v
(Hi. The horns should he d- hcalo, clear
hoii. and curved iowards the rnuz/.le, 01
bent ruiUid into he ("ace.
7m>. The neck, wlcreit joins the lead
should he small, hut jjiadnally enlarge to tin
ho ly. For a mikor, Hie neck should h<
lone, and thin, hut such an aniin?l is no
generally of so ifood a <-on* itution. or s<
thrifty as those ol'sltort, thick necks. Loos*
lunging sk'n under the neck, a id lurg*
de.ilap,are unpardonable.
/ fi It .1 I f .61
AW. .MH I H-i AuOI-IVA.
VJ'UIU.WI UWl1 tM..?
' | 8 II the ?>i?jcrri is to raise stock lor lit
s beef, tin! wit(irrs should be broad, the shoul. ti;
dors I irge, wide, Htrl the brisk*1! v? ry heavy. ?|,
M -re ii riiav he well to inlro luce E ?rl Sp -n* jn
t ccr's directions in the selection oI'h male. ^
' | " In all animals." he h*i \s, a wide chest g..
tj iiidn'..tes str-nijtli of constitution, mid : h?*ro ,
. fan he no doubt |!i)i I I Ins is Hie point of s )? (/
> to vvlrrh i? 5 ,nus* material for .u:y Iipm-iIit
1 to look in the selection either of a bull of ,l J
' ram. in or<l- r t?? t;iin tli <1 the rhesr
of thes?< anion's is \vi / -, it is not SufTirU'lll j ^
? 10 observe thai ilii'V liftves wide bosoms t>?it 10
d 1
1 tlit: will ii winch is v?-?l liv look ii;i at se
dean m front, should b" continued alon^ tar ni
' brisket, wft.rh should show ureal fulness in |n
tin* p irt which is just uiiib r 1I10 < |iiows.'' Ii w
| may corieci also i?s iy, that K ol Sp-11- ^
cm*r Coii t'inls that a l)nll suou.'d Ii .v?* a I a- k
\V
ris-iio neck, an I that general coarsen \ss.
I perhaps, nior?' than \vn h ive so f ir rccom- 1
oieii'lcif, s tow ifr* a; strtni" ii ofCoiislitu aio. v:
? \Ve have lo.ig observed Urn c;at le with wide in
1 . Do.viiiis an I projecting hr sk'*is. and horses, n<
? J "li'M-p. and i.ojs with deep. full, and w do | .,j
' i ele-sts, an; iinn: more ensy to take on flesh f()
t1 than diose of a diff rein shap*. Bui we
1 ii ve to s ?v? before leaving this pari cd lie*
I j siiojeet. thai we do not ler'ol'ect to have
1 .v en a row mat was a "<)>? I. or even mef|*. I'1
i : urn nnfk'r. with a lt?'.av\ link and lurk 8
I 1 shooldi rs. We won! I ilier* dure r< cum j A
> i 111'*ii'l, for <1 superior 111 >ker, a cow ,\ h nr. j ca
r diniii forr-rpi.triers, and not v< ry weigui\ ! jK
j iii 'lie brisket. j i|i
!J Ii. I is important to have ? c<?w or auv 1
1 other sitiii'iul, thiek duoujh ;*? he..r !m j f-|
1 aood e iistito ion. I'o appear '?'it op irom J
I h" Inisk* I in tie* direction ot i'k* lie; n is 1
, I??:
serious ohl'-estoil.
1 f I
1 1 (Mi. I no 1 lbs should pr<?j<''*j as n ,*;? j '
1 horizontal^ as ii is possible to dud ?h in. | *1'
, I'o know tins is the case, the body louid j t*"
I appear >iOopi'd or hai ivl.shap. d. F.ai-si. | dc
I de l raffle are never thrifty. au*l should no' | nj
I be s* lifted 'or hteed".s d h< 1 *r ean he-ind ;m
i 1 1V: 1. file b n*k should be s'ra eji; at | j
I broad. and be verV ?*ir atli thai i' is no' (so
| muiehugin trout of the hips. W ? are oair-* I R}(
j sp- cifle 011 this point from the fact, li<at to .. |C
I ny o our radio are defi -u nt 111 this resp-et. w,
12 let the h ps be wide in cve,y ani. ^
trial. I'in re is scare? ly a b-Mtcr indication .
I of a good ini.k* r or ihrdiv aiiiimil.
J 13 n. Well f.irn:(:d (Ml le shoitld nor fall
I from the hips, or taper loo much from the ^
, haunch hones to :fi tale. Tnos" that are
wi cfmvshapo hn'nud, or smgle-ruinped, a
simid I ho r? jeetrd. 0
' *' ' U1....1 n ...1. i'i
1 min, .-\ c:i>\v s mjii.u ii?-?jc :? hi h??; n um. i
(Vi.? hit -U_ -.... *v?r tn tit* J ^T
ba::nr*li-Im>d>* io die lower part of the flank, 0,1
ami from tin* hauneh hack to the end of the
rump, is well proportioned. ^
15th. The tail should be mo lerately dp. su
licate, s'mrr, and tapering. It is rarely, if ?f
ever, the case, that a coarse tailed beast is
well bred. be
10th. '* Another point to b" rtendod to," wi
sn\s E .rl Sp"iiei;r, " no' merely as indic i- sp
t on of a good constitu ion, but as a merit se<
in iteclf* is :hat tin animal should exhibit wl
great muscular power, or rather that the ai
muscles should bo large. This is a usual bl;
ceoiiipaiiiincnt of strength of eons i ution; so
ill it also shows that there will he a good
propor;iona:e Mixture ol lean and (at in the jv
meat produce! from the animal, the muscles rii
being that part wnicii in the meat is lean. ?s
17 It. The limits ofe.ther cow or huli j,..
we like short, tapering, and delicate, though n
I ., a it.. Kii.ir^<niK< in tli#? |i-<r i^ in.
.. ...... in
djc-i'ivi! ol goo! coos Hot no. 1 Me artti c0
s ifitiM be largo and muscular, but the bone ps
>V" !i!v* mi) ill. Too hind leg should be (|
him! broad.
. . . . \v(
I Sth. If the i?l)j?-cl is to obtain n ntilk'T. gl
s'l'-ct ;i now that is rather iliin in tin* f 111 <> I is ,
to
lor good >ii i|?e ; let ilit* udder be square, ^
hi I I'm t?*a:s of go ?(I s 7," arid length, and no'
pro u(Je loo r|es? 'ogeileT. Very heav\, ^'
moi* udders o e ant 'o lie fleshy, and do no rr!
reiain rm'k aril. We bku u> s o a rim's
u tiler all skin when she is milked, but very *"
large ?ii o her I meg.
19 h. I'ne bote s should m tni'est firm- ar
u ?. iti I toe joints should he eluse and
roim I. rc
2tl a. Tiie l ist, ai d one of Cie nios! in) 80
|)oi|.iiil tli tigs in tee selection of eat le. is
' 'o have good }> 'digress. [. is w !i known <>{
j we esteem short burns the I) st stock of le- |(i
' oiinirv, and we woo d jneb r iiiem ?i h"U' |1(
1 j Crosses ol an\ o iler breed. Toe disadv .i.l j;|
i tages ol <ul<ut"rnteij an,res ry >s. h it though w
| we have annuals dial appear fin-, ?el m l;.
I ureecheg we eauuot alias's calcula'** 'bat | .
' di * ofls|Ming will sliow tie* s.?nij* flueie ss
I' is an eslablshed point, that carle ** I
I tire* (1 h *? k six or ceJit er>?sse<. Tims. i' is
i "i . w
: not i*ti' '* fjueiitr. tin; i as" :iia we s> e cowrti
o? good fiii'in Hii-I f{is!>ioiiH<i!?a ciil-ir. hn<- |,
: r,i|\i!.s ill it ire id ;i iliihT' ii cii'i.r *itl 'ha:.''
*'ill" ilmn or sir<?. showing m.-i )'
t h p* is soiu" b-fl ;iix 1 perhaps (list t-l : 1,1
o' iiifioior [hint is lull r?g:sir\ i?| i 1
is of i'omkI'I' raM" nijior?, is j '
proved fio.n l!o. !:?i i ili.il In. ? N-is who Ifik? 11
j tins pains I'oilt in England .in !
' j lire ahli? to s?-Ii ;'l iiin<!'? I) ? ? r j?r.'Ijhi
i IiinS"* wli ? II gl? CI it. inil 'i* !, \w ;i ivim' a<
I (uiroluis is lo l?u\ iio nil:!-- ;\'i<w rxa? hi
as and |?" i?r?,i*s *.r?? uoi known, wi.ji j,
| oUh'is can be hud wiili kit wii n^?'s vv
j blood. ja
[From the sain<\] h<
' DISTINCT CHARACTRK1STICS OF y.
BERKSHIRE IIO^S. ,a
, If any people have been more gulled and t!
, more iinpo6eu upon with stock purporting to
- be well bred, that whs not in fact as reprrsen. e;
ted, than the Farmers i f Tennessee, we are at tl
a loss to know who they are or where they o<
*
GAS
OVERT
tVlvUNEADAY. SLP1 Ki
re. In a former number we made some par
al allusions to this subject in relation to cat
l\ but from the M>igns of the times,*' we fee
justice bound to speak more plainly thar
therto, in reference totheunnarralleledBerk
lire hogs. That they are a breed distinct
urn all others, wc think no longer admits o
d'.uiit; but we see animals imported from
Mgiaml and t he Slates a little north of us, ol
ffereiit co'ors and shapes, purporting to be
ic g nuine Borkshires, which we pronounce
ipositions upon our credulity. This ma)
ein uncharitable, but as conductors of a jouril
of agricultural truth, we are honorably anc
orally bound to expose every tiling thai
uutil tend ni tie least to r turd ihe p'ogregj
improvement in our delightful country. 11
ill not do to say, lot every man mind Ins owi
is moss and soil his own stock to the best admtiige.
To bos.ire we are more ilian will.
g ihai every man sho d I mind his own huge
ss, and sell ms own stock too, if he do nnl
tempt to soil inferior stock upon the hart
ughl credit of the best. We promised at tin
Jlsot to point oil. and recommend the bosi
uioties ?f stock of all kinds, and expose iin
).-:iti?)iisand we are d? ermui' d to do it. re.
ird ess of consoquen. es. |)uf not to hint ?
re we asked if there are any hogs in tint
mn'rv* uurjmrting to be Berkshire* that ar?
v? We answer there are. We sp"ke ?r
e 'I y numlier o! s<?tnr white hogs from Eng
ml, and a few from Kentucky, with thesp'v
mis nam t of Berksii re?, that we fo red were
>t as ropteseu'ed. Now we have made iif
:r minds to state pns'iivoly to our reader?
at ail wln'e C.?rksh res or white hogs mt? r
icr.-ed with a few Clack spots are sure r?.un
ifoits. Some have come among us of?hi*
isrpp'ioti already, and we expect to see nia
r more dating the approaching summer urn
it.i:ii,i, hut we lift up our voice? ag>inRt then
time, ami pronnunca ull bog< n.?t of t!ic d.*
ription we givr in this article counterfeit, ai <
uhciigc contradiction to our views. One inori
in ek arid wc sha 1 be fully at tbn point foi
liich wo started. If mixed blooded hogs. an<
esc of sours? of mfirior q ia'ity, arc pnrcli.isci
farmers, (hoc use they sell a little lower thnr
* genuine) the will un luubiod y fa'l vry fa
oit they will undoubtedly fall very fir short o
fiatmighl b? anticipated. Not only so, but thosi
leys will fa.l into disrepute nn l the characlc
tlio genuine, though unified, will be so mucl
jured that farmers will liavo but little m mr
i.nprovft iit?? ?' ?>wiiTi- -ft mm tn pur
lasers D ? not purchase mixed blooded anirnali
any k nd; it you want mixture*, huv the ful
_>ods at a good price and make the mixture* tit
yourselves. The following we give as oriterii
puro Berkshire Hogs:?
1st. Color. The present improved Bcrkshin
>gs wo believe, according to the latest Englisl
[ iters and all responsible Americans who hav:
nken on the subject, as well as from what ut
cn ourselves, are invariably black, with a few
liite spots, and not unfrrquently a few hair
d spots of a reddish lingo intcrspcrcd with tin
ick. There is a little, somet tncs more am
motimos less, white in the face and about tin
so. White spots are also scattered along thi
ws and about the fore legs, and almost inva,
ihlv one it'not both the feet white. It is no
usal that they have much whilo on thesideso
l!y, but it is rarely if ever the case that wc sci
jure Berkshire without seeing some white abnu
e ll ink ami hind leg. Sometimes all, hut nios
moi Mily two or tlrcc of lite foct are th( closr
I white. There are no large spots of any kirn
ion the loio and back, and tlie end of the tail
jlieli-vc, is inv.iri t ?'y white and in most inmces
large and bushy. It may seem fancifu
the inexperienced, but f.orn observation w<
ve -ver been led to I??Im:vc there is a pcculi.i
!_ r .,1,i??,? wra ,i.? ....
Iin <11 lilw t ?l? ?* in'gJJ. ft c U'/ 111#
collect to have noiicd a straight tailed grmvi
ik.diire, and very often the tail becomes s<
rnly fixed in in its qiirl, that to straighten i
onIJ lie to lire.ik it. I i addition to t ni b!acl
id while, we sometimes seo the old Berksiiiri
ood m iitifest its. if in a feiv tawny spots, nnd i
duitiii ting! at the ends of llio hairs, as i
orchid by the suii.
2 I. Form. They are generally, if not a!w iv*
great length, with round bodies,straight brou
inks. log* never too long nor too short, mediini
lads and light jowls, d rop, wide chests. hroa
llin sho il.lers and the linns large, round, an
.:il l?'t down. V iny ?vho am ! ut little aeqn iin
.1 w.th tn is variety ofhog?, think that the oar
o always sniail an t erect b it on the contrar
cpctiups see as nimy of tlin purest hloo.l
ith large o~rs hanging ovr til1? eyen, as other
i So fir as ? hav.? noticed, t;ie car is t!i
ilyviriabto p.it of til* animal. Sometime
oni :h same li"'"r a part ??f the ? igs luve hem
!ii! si;a'g i1 'prig' cirs, and th rest ..re bro.if,
.ivy fl ?p oircd n ?gs. Sows and boars wit
jht ara, not uu'r qieutly proluce p:g? wit
sr nendentears and he.ivv cared hogs often
O i " "
msgiv.; str.ight delicateoared pig11.
3 i. S!?'\?In inis respect they vary potnewhr
id it is safrt t.? >ay they are always o? good *iz<
.I * hero the proper pair.s have beon taken 1
v:d ur.d food for weight. they ato exireciel
rg%, at least weighing from 800 to 1000 lbs
liich we n moot help but think is nno-mous!
rg'\ Hot wo would Btippofte, fioiu all tho spr
mens that have reached our Slate orbtnn raise
-re, thai tl^y would avert go if fattened at tw
nrs old, from 2*0 to 500 lbs* The last <mpoi
it ions of Mr. Wait nro much larger bogs tha
lose that we c here previously,
4lh. Disposition. Berkshire* aro rcmarkabl
tby gentled, and can soon bo taught to folio
icir leader to any put or the premie.** by tfc
const ormd cull, They will lie down to be rul
BETT
' I Z E R.
'".ii - |i
VI13Eli 5>3, 1^40.
. bcid. and if well fed they will sleep most of their
. time, but when necessary they aro as industri.
] I oils to hunt food as could be wished. They are
, j not usually ill disposed to their k^cpsr nor to each
other. When strangers are turned together, they
i fnmmnnlv m>ikn a f?i? mn/ler.itu rxertiorm lu frv
p their streng'n, after which the weaker vesae|
tumciy submits, tnl the stronger don't !o d his
j. authority, but ull become companions. We
have not heard of Berkshire sows ever eating
thoir pigs, which is very common with the long ^
snouted, uncivil.zed breeds of the coll t try. They
' hove large li ters of pig*, and are invariably kind
tiur?'-s. They ore ca>ily kept fat, but will not
1 live without eating something, (ns we have heard
! ol tin? Chinese doing) and grow fast all tb? time,
i Young Berkshire pig* are among the most l*;?uI
^iful, plump, si'kv, happy looking creatures we
i hnve se^o; and indeed the form, and every thing
about B-ik.-hircs is so superior to oilier hogs, we
are astonished that every l.ody does not try to oh.
' tain them as soon as possible.
f Our chief object, am-xp cvsed in these remarks,
I is to point out the visible distinguishing traits of
the Berkshire*, that those who do not w ish to
f he imposed upon, need not l>e.
. | From tin) American F?rrn r.
Menvry -This is a new term to us and
" | u lo'ii ?i' tirst noticed tin* article which is sub
joined, wo were at a loss to define its moaning.
i hut we soon discovered that it was upon a
, subject thai is too mi.ch neglected by our fir
tier?, and la d it by for insertion hi our paper.
1 Our at?? rnion is again rall' d thereto by the re.
ceptioti of a h :r? r from one of the most emin
out agriculturists m the United S afes, tlm
, proprietor ot tie* Three Hill* Farm. ne.-.r Albany,
u ho, m d.scour-mg of other matters.
1 thu.- introduces the su j? i t ot I'oul'rv, wlu'h
we think worthy the attention of al! win* wish
- to enjoy the nxury email a ting from the Hencry.u
1' is also partic ularly worthy the atten.
lion of thme residing near the in rkcts, where
they ran obtain ati average price of 183 4
; ' Puts per dozen the year round for eggs, and
i j to ?4 per dozen for chickens. Mr. Be,
j mclit observes :
l "J am now paying particular attention to
poultry, have built tne a poultry house, and en
closet, a yard for them to roain in. In ?hi?
section consider aide attention is being pa d to
r poultry. Smce I built my poultry Iioum?, m?vj
era! luve followed suit, and i have no reason
. to regret the expense; for, from 00 hens, we
obtained in six months, 2000 egg-; whep-as
1 in former years, when I kept from 80 to 100
r hens, 400 and 5<W) were all we obtained u'tir ng
f 11 lie year. B- side?, they are not half as much
n | trouble on the farm."
r IIB>ERV?N T IIPNRY.
Ilenry?9ays our neighbor Adams of the
1 Temperance Gaze'to, i*to hens, w hat piggery
V is !n niir-t rir_rii-^?'/? r- J _i !- * ?***
nave antffen?-as hoggery to Tioj^, ana C'-werv
k to cows We are glad to find hiin so learned
I in these matters, and especially to see him wil.
ling to turn his knuwlet'ge to a practical account.
1 During v. 'ate visit in Wintlirop. he noticed
the henery establishment of Rev. f). Thurston,
? which as he thinks it an improvement on the
, common method of keeping In ns, lie thus describes
in the last Gazette :
44 Improvcd IJenkry.
! . We arc nut sure that Henery is a dictionary
' ! word, but we suppose that our readers will un.
* derstand it. If not, we would say that henery
. is to hens, what piggery is to pgs, or tookery
j to rooks;?a place where these useful fcatii.
ered bipeds congregate and perform the appro.
! priate duties of their station. We lately tnet
5 one of these establishments, which seemed to
us so excellently ai'ap'ed to its pnrpose, that
t we have thought it worth a brief descrip ion.
r First, then in the upper part of the barn is
an apartment 1*2 feet square, boarded so as to
i prevent the escape of what is put within it.
1 j Here the fowls are to roost, lay thotr eggs, an I
* ! perforin all their in-door u orjf At the distance of
| a rob and a ha.f from the barn, on the borders
i i of the garden,is another apartment,of about the
same dimensions hs the firs'*surrounded by a
i high fence, made of lath stuff, sawed two inch
I cs w de, and nine feet long, and put on close
enough to prevent the hens from getting out.
5 Those two apartments are connected by a
r cmered way, which pas^ess from trio scaffold
t oi the barn, in what some would call a slantic1
! dicular diroc' on. to the fence, about three fee'
froir the top, and is continued down to the
ground in the inside of the yard. Th s is made
1 | tight at top ami bottom. and < n nne sate, Dut j
1 j with open work ???the oilier side. Through I
u 1 tin* covered way, the inmates t.' the establ sh
a j nvnt pass when they cho -se, taking the air
j- and enjoying the pro-pert, and when they come
I urn out" nor apartment. they ind i!g.', ad lib
i i.'um. ui their favorite amusement.ofscr itching
i, | d:rt awl devouring gravel,
d The result of ttie whole i*, thev are kept
1 tinder perfect control, and yet enjoy all th t
liberty which is esseti'ial to their health and
j i m # n<* when y- e want a fresh egg, )ou
^ J have only to lift a lid over a row of .itth; aoart
i. ! merit-, in which their nests are made, and you
s | vv:h find at almost any time of the day, a p eny
! tiful stipp'y. The hi tie chickens, no, as soon
' | as they are I ?rge enough to make excursions
* , a'uro id. vvll be ready to perform an excellent
" i service in tin; garden, by devouring the grubs [
? j and insects. Thus the inhabitants of our \ iI ?
I luges and of our citie* even, who have "scope
1 "i . i i _
, [ and verg-1 rwnjMi m poM?e.?e a nam aim *
! garden, can keep as much |???ullry as ihev
' | choose, without inf'inging in ;h'* h ast upi n tin;
j |.*ws ofgood noioliborh'NKj. Tno?.e who may
h 1 wi?*ti lo ? f-pect the establishment we have d?'_
perilled, nity Vgrat-fied by calling on the Rev.
I D. Thurs on o! Wm'lirop "
i The plan, doubtless, is a good o> e. By
lt j Mir!i an enclosure, the fowls are kept from do-*
? | dig damage in cultivated grounds, are preveno
! led from roving to their own liaz-rd rrtl injury,
y j and will, if properly fed. lay heir eggs and
rear their yi urg be tcr, than if'h? y cojoyi d a
! more enlarged liberty. Car-should he taken,
y I however, when they are confined, 10 supply
'* i them liber >l!y with water, gravid, l ine and am.
:d t nial loot!?su?h as fresh meat, wonus, &e. In
o i this way, people in large villages and cities
r. can ke? p liens a' we 1 as if they lived on faro a
m the country. Indeed, it would be bet er for
n farm- r? if they would at certain seasons of the
; year keep tht ir poultry in such an establishy
' 111**1 it.
w We do not know as we understand the necessity
or the benefits of separating the yard
'e from the bam, by the distance of a rod and a
}.
1
'E " |
1
^ t
iXthtiB.lt 4hm . ??--?SPB-7-HfPSi,
half unoccup ed ground, connected by tlie *c *
vered way,'* or tube leading from th*? barn if
the ya*d. Ou' establishment differs fr<?tn the
foregoing chiefly in this particular. Thejifd
is directly attached lo the back aide of H?
barn, from the wall of which a roof projects,
under whiclf are p k a <or roosts. Thin la i
shelter from the run# and winds. On a fevdr
With ihe fl- or of the barn, two holes are ctit.
seveial feet distant Iroin each other, auffi ient,
iy l.ir>'e to enable a h< n to enter one aodskufk
out of tne other into the yard again ifsti! w#hes.
The hens 1 ke secrecy in these important
matters. Wit inn the barn is a nngche#f?covered
by a lid, having a communication with
the yard by the hob?* afnr? said. Tne chefltil
partitioned off into nests, where each hen ? allowed
to lay her eggs " alone in tier glory,"
htile *uspecting. pertiajia, that tne top of her
excellent place ol concealment is liable to be
opened, and Ji.-r eggs taken away by human
stratagem.?Maine Cul.
From the (gricuilurist,
PrF.SEB vr\G IJ AMU AND SHoULDER*
FROM TUB INSECT FOR SCMMR* ORE.? f(|
<n> tr.?v? 1st It oui?h hi* uii'l e-M of t'?e A!*
I gh:ui\ iikiiiii iiitis. | ; av?- be n .|*ays in#
qijsiijvi' on iticii mode ofmaki B <con, hut
found but < ? mill vurin ion fr m ours,-?
B ii.tf u lov* rot i. is almost my in.
variable [Mac ice wi rn travelling and
culling f"r b eakf i-l or dinner, I wool I
greatly [>r? Icr bacon li on; and m my travel!
nj? 'our "irotjj11 lyighnd and Inland in
183**. I IoiiimI their bacon *up* ror to
our". I *i!l Kt. to to \ott my mod**. [
I nave Iricil un<! h*imi tried in inv neighbourioo<l.
all ib** method* in practice of our
conn ry, tin ! fr queuilv fad, nnd I munt
pr b-r ihe one h ie n described (taken
nu n 'b" Kotf: sir) In K tf'an l their
mo ll: of >cal?iifitf is v? ry different from
ours; as fuel is ro?i|y and not many
nog* to rluau in a general way as we have
i'??y !.? :.| tucir *ub r in a kettle and jiolir
it on bv small quantities an I rover lite
pij ov? r with siaw so as to keep the
b at on? heir modes diff r?and when
rl* ntied neatlv and :|ic nninial beat is thoroughly
(mi', then they salt t eir meal down
m I let i' Ic hi sot lr*mii 24 'o 48 hours;
iIm ir salt is iiMicli pref ruble to our*;)
I m ii t ik'* it on? ol the stall and brush off
li loos.- sal' and lwii;? it upon In-oks to tlieir
l'?i>ts in ho dv\t I intf bt.iie* of peasantry
t tic re to dr> in tic atrtitril a1 out the last
d FY hum iv and the fi?st of M ir*b. wbirli
h- ti 111 the tl> (i large gray hairflv)
(I po^ites lite r *g?. Y'.u should have
v.nir s.cks made of nmp-in'iy rotiou- ! - ~
-notigh to slip over i!i?* liani* an I ulltuililrrs
iu? M irk arrouud lb*-Mir utf that unir meat
bungs hv and tie <1 t tfht to keep lb" llv out
r?? scj 8irks villi a*f in ?nv year* by prop,
per ear?*?f them. T'?ere i? no su?ui ?
Ituntr !IS smoking of fmeoti Mid !? # ! in
England; they are verypwl ou'ar in m ing
otf the feel so ns o 'Mr ill in ofl* below Jim
kite''joint nnd ???r-k join?, to pr* vi-nr the
a r from jM ing into th** marrow of the
ho?r\ iin<I k* ep it mpis*?and in hanging
their liams and should* rs up, always to
li tve the hoek end downwards to kr * p i'
irom draining dry nn?l ill** meat f.om loosn.g
its kw'*i moisture. Their ' eef if not
put iu sack-?Irving sink* h v*iy neatly
separated, as tli" seams h rough iIm* flesh
inay s! oa, and that [in veil 8 ?*? ireect
from tiiit**ti of ti j lace to do nn\ injury.-*
Th s pptehce i luive put tn Usage s.nce I
returned home l ie* nek* are three quar*
ters of a yard long and half hroad thoujli
t*.e H'7,1* will he owing 10 die lie it?lie
eosl of the cotton Miflioi* tit 'o sack all my
family's summer in'?.i$2 50?mtieh l>?*rer
than smoking. Iies?d?*s the nai*g r of fire.?
I i'o not approve of my meat lying in salt
any longer than five or ten days if the
w* tie r is favourab e for sdllo dissolve?
and if t is pi gene b e (o hang op I do
th<*(i the meat is not hurt by the impure
sail thai is use I in our laud. According
10 ilie old Virii'mii and M*ir\lander's rule*
t i'*y lot Hear ?> *?( I ?y in iIi"h;.|| from h \
io eight weeks, and tli.i: is enough to d?.
s'r ?v all die juices tint ever wen* m meat.?
Hogs s aogh'ered in he l.itti r end of Nowinner
a id die fiis Deeembe!, and bung
up a< c ?id ng to d recions uili have nearly
! -r? ?j mo'il s hi cjr\ in the pure a r be'oro
i is r- quisle to put d in die au k?a high
.ni l vent Haled meat house is mn !? pn fern.
hi-*. There tms iieeii many l ulles undue
tinmen to visit ne*. and tle ir universal ad.
mi im ion id tin' fi n* H ivi.ur i*ri?I red colour
mil mid p r M'til.irly they
sp'-n:( iif'llie ?hy (t? #-*! no* sucked I: relint
i s juivK? n a broil d st.ite. So I
iini'l tliaw to a ? !<)? by *Hyui|f if tins found
Aort y io In* jtlbC' d hi your vuljabl** pajMrrf
vmi (tun do so.
Yours, truly. J. E. Letton.
Extract n/ a L' Ucr. dat'd
Ei.?!im).SEPT. 5. 1840.
a The cniji mu?t Ik; *M< rt. The cater*
p llais. I be!i? v<*. rtre on''vorx colon crop on
tats 'si-uid. W wilier they will d-struy it
oailv enough lo injure tin* cr? ps much I
?jiv. lull it m it, liiMV nt;iv tfilvH
.......... ?.. ., r ? J ?,
hail?i: will dc|)"i)il somewhat on ih* wentln
r. Tin* crop <'anno' t?? riwu as good as
the las: year, under nn\ ci.< umsianees, my
i?w11 i roj> i? inferable mi ??disiu, the fnnf>?h
nm ni ar ;?s gnod a- the! >l vear. Bui three
da) s at on?,> i/.im'. we have la en without rain
since the first of June?generally taut llireo
nines a d iy. I have icver known go much
i ra n on any pi cc in my life. The worms
an- l-hii?2 ill'* slips on h - island aUo. Crops
wij ne s'tori all round, except corn."
Powers op the Arab Horse?Fraser, in
hie "Tartar Journey." r*'Ute* as an undoubt*
ed fact, 'hat an Arab hor-e trave'led 230 mile#
in ?i days; reared three dayg, and went over
' the 6ame ground 10 five day*.