Farmers' gazette, and Cheraw advertiser. (Cheraw, S.C.) 1839-1843, November 29, 1839, Image 1
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VOLUME V.
EDITOR AND I'ROHRIET OR.
T E R M S:
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for ten dollars paid at the time of subscribing.
No paper to bo discontinued but at the option
of tho editor till arrearages are paid.
Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines,
inserted far one dollar the first time, and fifty
cents, each subsequent insertion.Persons
sending in advertisements are request
-c. to specify the number of times they are to bo
i>:se'ted; otherwise they will bo continued til)
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
(TTThe Poslago must be oaid on all cotninu- J
nications.
Cultivation of Cotton.
Report on the Cultivation ofCo'.ton, read before
the Poe Dae Agricultural Society at its Semi,
annual electing in October 1833, by the
Hon. John Campbell.
The first object of consideration in the
cultivation of cotton is the selection of a soil
tn ;?;? nnJn^tmr.. But us every vn
MIIICU iw j
ricry of soil within the li nits of the Pee De?
conn'ry of sufficient fertility, is found under
a judicious system of cultivaiiofiflujptd a
good return for the labor bcstowed^ipoQ it,
and as a committee ins been appgifltpd by
this society to report particularly upon manures,
it is thought unnecessary to make anv
comment upon this branch of the subject;
except to remark, that from an exhausted
koil, or one naturally poor, and unimproved
by art, it is vain for the planter even with
the mostAprable seasons, to expect an
abundant nWvest.
The field being selected and the proper
seuson having arrived, the first operation is
to prepare it for planting.
In pro;>eqtepreparing land for planting
short staple cotton good ploughing is indispensable,
and among the rules which may
be laid down as admitting of no modification,
are these : la very part of the so 1 should
be turned and effectually pulverized; and
the depth of furrow on all lands should bo
regulated by the stratum which dividt j
the fertile from the unfertile moulds. There- '
ton1, in the bre iking up or preparation of
land, the plough maj go as deep as the soil
tvlll admit, but not deeper, and from the
violation of t lis rule which nature has provided
as a criterion, thin soils are sometimes
much injured.
hiirht and drv mouohihat are easily [>ul- !
? n . ^ .
verizjd may be ploughed immediately
before planting. Ilut on clayey so Is, where
tae extremes of wet and dry present the
the disagreeable aheruativea of mire or
clods, the best season of ploughing is often
short a id critical, an 1 such sods should
when practicable be ploughed early in the
winter, that ih^y may by the ac ion of the
frost be reodered friable and more easy of
cultivator).
^r The usual and host method of planting
cotton is on ridges, the cent es of winch
vary in distance from three and a half to s<-v
en feet, in proportion as the soil is mare or
less fertile. The ridges being wiJeat upon
the more fertile so Is, where Irom the larger
siz-i to which this plant attains, it requires
the greater distance to admit the influence
of the sun and the circular on of the air.?
Upon all sods the observance of this rule is
important, hut part'icu! wly up n such as are
backward in bringing cot on to maturity, i
Tito ridges are formed according to circumstances
cither by the plough alone
drawn by one or more horses, or by the
plough and hoe.
The land being thus prepared, the object
IS to p'afit.
Cotton being proJuced in nil the Suothern
and Southwestern Slates, over a teiri'ory
embracing a considerable variety of climate,
is pia tted at d flerent times from the
middle of March to the firs: of May. As a
universal rule however, it may be remarked,
that the plant'T should select the earli st
perioJ that is consistent with safety. Confident
that let human systems vary as they
V .l . ?r_?_
rr.ay, u?c npproacn 01 mat season which
wakes up the vend ible creation from thn
sleep of winter, nu 1 by i.s genial influence
gives it life and beauty, is regulated by a
a'catiy band?andgrnteful when lie commis
bis.seed to die earth,tint it lie lias discharge
nis duty in preparing Ins land for their re.
oeption, his labor will n*t bo in vain. In
the region embraced by tbe Pee L) *e Agricultural
Society, the best time for planting
w during the mon'h of April, commencing
about the second week and co npleting the
operation as soon a t rewards as practicable.
!t rarely, indeed it almost] never, occurs,
where lands have b?*en well prepared, tint
there is a failure in the a'and.
The seed are planted either in drills, in
^ cheeks or in chops. Hut the most usual
^ mid convenient me. hod when iced are
ahurid to', is to sow iri drdls run on the tops
of the ridges ami to cover lightly with a
plough constructed for the purpose. If the
weather is inmsf an I warm the plant will
appear in a fov days, if tli; contrary tbe
seed will rem * in for weeks without vegetating
The stand of co ton is sometimes
injured by heavy floods of ram falling shortly
nfter planting,succeeded by drought, form,
iriga erosion the drill which the vegetating
need nre unable to penetrate. Light soil*
are not subject to this evil, and on shlflands
i it rn iv in a great me mure be avoided by
i mowing tho seed and leaving them exposed
I ?e,td nfera rim who?) 'b'-v s'muW l?c rapid
ABM
i .V D C
CHERAW, S(
Iv covered while tho earth is friable. The / \
moisture absorbed at such a time will occa? t
s:on tho seed to vegetate before another
ra n Ins fallen and another crust has form- <
cd. ^ fi
After tho plants are up, commences a f
most important part of the cultivation ; and c
here the Committee will remark, that li
practical resul s on the culture of C Jtron are u
varied so much by circumstances, ;hut it is I
impossible to lay dow i rules wh ch will be r
j ot unv ersal application. But depending ol- p
' n.iia.i.nmtunfl nKci rva. K
| (HUM U|KIII CA|>viiciiu?ni?a vun- v. lion,
and very little* upon theoretic reason- d
irajj. every jtvjieious planter will be p gula- ti
ted ?n the management of his crop by the if
condition of his M i. The first process tt
however, after the ctxton is up, is generally, u
in common language, "to chop out."
Ties operation is performed by drawing S
the hoo rapidly across the dnllat short in- 1
torva's, leaving be'ween each cho^three o^r- 1
vation. 4 - yr.&r.^
The first ploughing it generally perform- w
ed with two furrows to the row, leaving a ol
narrow ridge of not more than six or eight ai
inch"S to bo work d bjrijtho line. In the ir
second ploughing the intorvnls between the ut
ridges should bo effectually ploughed^ out, in
and the Irosh earth thrown lightly around p<
the lower part of the cotton stalks. Every p
subsequent ploughing should be performed v
in the same manner, with an increasing par- t<
ncularity as tho plants increase in siz>? and t'
n....i.A?nl> mniiiritu nnl in rnn<L*M)flnii near, ft
UJ.jjiwuvi. ........... j, T-jrr *
lest by so doing, th(' lateral rooif which are tc
thrown out in search of food, skould bo in- w
jured, an J the circulation of mm too J
much c hecked. Ploughs of various models
are used in effecting the a&me results,
but it is deemed unnecessary to enter into I
a description of them or' a description of p
their r? lutive adaptation to tho objects in- a
l wide I. Every planter in the seleoiion of t<
ploughs will of course bo governed by his c
own observation. n
The cotton crop should be worke I at in? rr
tervals of not more than ihiee weeks from It
the commencement to the termination of; ts o
cultivation, and sjccess depends not less upon
the judicious end skilful management of b
the hoe than of the plough. There is how- u
ever much greater uniformity in the moth- p
od of using this implement, and it may be I
remarked, in genera!, that where the noil is d
mellow and in good condition, it is sufficient ii
to remove tho grass where the plough can. tl
not reach it and to draw a 1 ttlo fn-sh e urib a
to t'ie plants with the hoe where the bods d
are hard; its province in addition, is to loos- I
en the surface. ti
With a view to the increase of produo. c
tiveness, many planters are in tho habit ol a
topping their cotton, and there is no doubt ii
that whore this operation is performed in h
time, i* produces good resul's. Tnc plant d
wh'?n upward growth is chocked by this i
process, yields more of its circulation to the r
j support of i s lateral branch.s and 10 the y
nourishinorit of its fruit. I
The commit ee deem it almost unneces- f
sary to allude to the great importance of i
having the coiion gathered as soon alter it c.
has opened as is consistent with a proper ci
regard to (lie attention due toother in eresis
on a plantation. Every planter of obser- r
va.ion mils' be convinced of the great loss e
in weight, and the deterioration in quality, li
sustained by coton, from long exposure in ti
the fields to the storms and frosts of win- a
! ter. r
j Tne cot on plant is well known to he 1
subject to a great variety of diseases, some p
'oftliern appearing in the plant and otli rs i
! in the fruit only. Some have supposed that
! all of these diseases procee i from insects, p
M x >y of them no doubi do ; but rxperi. Ii
i ments have proved the existence of a cir- ?
culutory system in the vegetable us well as i
in the animal creation ; and it is known that, t
likeanimnU, vegetables ex'ract a fluid from \
whatever substances are applied to the or- p
gans through which they receive and digest c
their nuirimen*, that may either tend to pro- r
I mote their health or to produce disease.? (
Hence it is obvious that the health of vege- <
tables like that of animals may become in. ?
jurcd by drawing within their circulation i
deleterious or poisonous qualities, and that <
ili? ml nrifl oilier diseases in cotton r
may be attribu ed to this cause. This j
alone combined with the circumstance
I that we have not yet been able sat. I
| isfactorily to truce the caus* s or pro- 1
t vide against many of the diseases to which <
cotton is liable, 6hews the importance of an ;
j improved state of agricultural knowledge? |
knowledge, the advancement of which has i
no doubt been much retarded by the seclu- i
Jed state in which the cultivators of the i
' sod h ive generally lived, and the want of i
that patient and continued observat 011 nc.
cessary to understand the processes of ve.
gelation, and to remark intelligently upon
the dilForent results of the apphcato.i ol dif- ,
! ft-rent soils an I manures, and the efTects of
other external agents to which the plant may
be subjected. A state of things which it is
! honed that ihie society, now in i s infancy,
?
C K 8'
1 * "L
HER J W
I I I I nuu I I i
3UTH-CAR0LINA, Hill
v II have some agency in removing \ithin
he limits of its influence.
The cotton plant under the nane of
j'?ssyppium has been historically kiown
unce the t me of IL rodo.us, the fathjr of
>rofane history ; but so recent has be*n its
mltivation in this country that manynow
ivingcan recollect its introduction anong
is us an nrtMe of Commerce. It would
?e foreign to the objects of this report to
cfcr to the important influence which ij'ts
irocesses of cultiva ion, manufacture ltd
ale, this article is now exercising on tfir
estiniesof the human race : But in m
'ation of the extent of i s cultivation nndol
* value, the com"1'"1 c briefly p/erici
te lust report ot the Secretary ot the i rea
ry containing, n stutefcv-m of the annual
.'ommerce and Navigation of the United
tales, commencing on the first of Oc oh.-r
837, an l ending on the 30 h Septemb r
uon 4 .1 4|%; , t[in
OOO. IU llll^i |t*pui if u?i. w?. ....
xpors of the domes ii produce of the Um;d
States amounted for that year to
96.033.821. Of this amount .he export
fraw cotton alone amounted o $61.556.811
nd m mufar.ures to $3,758,735 making
i all $65,315,555. and h aving less than
31,060.000 for the exports of the domestic
roducc of the whole Union besides, iwlu
ing the con ribu ions of ihe earth, tiie for
it and the sen, of agriculture and mini),
ictu es. Thus we see that t .e single arti.
le of notion alone, raised exclusively in a
jction of country con aining less than a
ard of .he population, constitutes in v.ilu'-'
mre than two thirds of the exports of the
one stic produce of the United Slates.
To the support of itlO |?rc-omtTV neo,
Inch, under a fortunate combination
f circumstances, we have obtained
* the cultivators of Cotton we nrc
i.iinly to look not only for individal
prosperity but for the pcrma.
L'tice of our commercial and political imortance,
and this pro-eminence is to Ixj
reserved not so much from our local ?dantages,
as from a perseverance in that enirprise,industry
and skill which have placed
io competition of oilier regions, not less
ivored by climate at a distance, and Kiven
> us the command of the markets of the
or!d.
From the Southern Agriculturist.
on the causes of emigration.
Mr. Editor,?Of the causes which hove
reduced dissatisfact on with our own Stale,
nd driven so many of our planters from us,
. om.L 11(<triiiiipu olvpuiipri*. two linve
J Jltv rv IMVM IV? -ui?\ w w.mw ? y ? "
ontnbutrd more tlmn any others to that
usult, und for tlio present I will confine
lyself to those two. I mean planting
trgely to the hand, and the employment of
verseers.
I was somewhat surprised to find in a
ite number ol the "Agriculturist" that a
writer, under the title of Emigration, would
revent the evil by the very means, which
w illendeavor to show, will invariably prouee
it. It nas been the too fatal practice
ii Sou h-Carolina 4to ch ar and wear out'
l?? lands fit for cultivation. Plant twelve
,crrs of cotton, and eight of corn, pom oes,
?c. to the hand, as recommended by a Pine
^and Planter," and you will niosi certainly
lo the same thing. Plant seven acres ol
otton and five of provision?manure?rest
nd nurse your lauds, and they will always
mprovo under such management. You
re told to plant largely, and make a great
leal to the hand. I tell you to plant no
nore than you can tend \ery carefully, and
riake a great deal 10 ine acre, ana at length
ou v ill mike n great deal >o the hand too.
t is the system of planting largely to the
land which has so sadly impoverished the
ipper country of tnis State, is now wearing
>ut the lands in the West, Mill always pro.
lace the same results wlurever practised.
Cultivated lands must b> manured, or
nust have r?'St; which l itter is only a <JilF rnt
and t ettrr sys.em of manuring. I have
leard of lands winch do not require either,
>ul 1 ha tie not seen thein, and 1 know they
ire scan p. If manure or rest, or both, are
lecessary to ke* p lands from deteriorating,
will venture to assert that no one who
ilants very largely, can carry on thai sysein
to any profitable extent.
Let ni" compare the two systems. The
ilanter who cultivates twenty acres to each
land, must encounter great labor in (lie out*
iet to get that quantity of open land?be
nust make great use of the plough to tend
h it quantity, and keep up horse*?must
ilatil ot course u proportionate quantity of
irovision land, and as I maintain be cannot
dear fresh lands sufficient to enable him ;<j
est and refresh those which are wearing
>ut. The system is, to increase yearly the
piantity of land planted to produce an aver
i.?e crop?which crop gradually diminishes
is the land from continued cultivation be.
:oines exhausted, until he abandons Ins
>lantution in dispuir, and the result is?euii
'ration.
I have not the least doubt on the othei
land, that twelve acres in cotton and corn
well tended, ono year witli another?wnl
jood and bad seasons, will produce as mucl
is twenty acres, carefully tended. Tin
*reat gun is, tliut under tho moderate sys
torn of planting eight of die twenty aero:
may be rested every alternate year, an<
thereby in the end, so far from exhausting
it, will grea ly add to its value. The othc
advantages of the modeu^L s\ stem, nri
neither few, nor ununportanfT'Among tli'Mi
are, especially, rest?without which I thiol
there can be no successful planting for un;
long period ; comparatively littlo expense ii
horses?little 1 md for provision?great!
more ease and comfort in the cultivatioi
and above al', that under such a *\stcm. t'.i
w
J1 D V E R
)AY EVENING, NOVEMBI
p!?intation improves with each year. Fresh. V
ness and fertility is imparted to the soil, in
place of increasing barrenness and decay,
nnd the ever consoling reflection to the
planter thai he Qt least will not be compelled
to? migrate.
I am fully convinced that the system of
heavy planting Is extremely injurious to the
best interests of the planter, and of the State, '
nd 1 would greatly rejoice to see every
where in South-Caro'ina the adoption of a E
different svstem. To sec no more planted |
tnan the planter is always nl>!e to keep ^
clear of grass?to see at least one half of
the cotton lauds resting every year, and mn- n<
oure provided for the SJrn land-. - ; fjj
Another cause of our wajnt of success is ^
in th<- employment of overseers. I do not
wish to be understood us savins n word
at?uinst ;hat in luNtr oirs and useful class of ^
men, hut what I do mean is, that no planter '
can bo entirely successful who places the
whole management of his estate in the hands
m
of another.
1 will state th' overseer system, simply .
and plain y. Admit that a planter employs fj|
a good overser, who conducts Ins business y
generally, well enough, (always denying, ^
riowever, that tlie overseer can conduct it ^
better than the employer, if he has any good ^
habits of business.) Under such an over- i
seer, the plantation may be put and kept in f
good condition, but the usual result is that
the overseer d mands an increase of wages f)(
at the expiration of each year, until at
length the employer will give him no more,
and he seeks employment elsewhere. The y
planter gets another?a ban one?the chan- j
"*** an; aoainsi him, foi linddfefent or bad ^
overseers are more numerous than good ones
) The plantation becomes unprofitable
under his manageinen'?he in turn is re- ^
placed by another, and after a course of ^
years, under good, indifferent, and bad overseers,
the owner abandons a fine climate, f|'
and perhaps a fruitful soil, in the vain hop? ^
of finding elsewhere a country where his ^
labors will be rewarded ; but vain will be ^
his hopo-i if he continues always to trust ^
entirely to another, what he ought in great
part to do himself.
I; is a great bat loo common error of most
persons to suppose that any fool can make .
a good planter. Parents have often been ^
heard lo say?"I will give my son a plain ^
English Education?enough for a planter."
Give him enongh for a lawyer?a phvai- .
cian?a divine?acquaint him, if you can,
with all arts and studies," and he will make, p
I assure yon, no worse planter for his h am .
ing. The prevailing error that education ,j
is not necessary to the planter is a great j
cause of failure among that class of inen.
I am aware of no pursuit that requires more
continual observation and reflection than .
agriculture ; and 1 think that no one is likely
o be a very successfu' planter, unless he
so considers it. Agriculture,' says Marshal,
as quoted in the lute able address to n
the planters and farmers of South-Carolina. .
"is a subject which viewed in all its branch. 11
cs, und to ?heir fullest ex ent, is no: only the x'
most difficult in the rural economies, but in 1
tin-circle of human arts and science."
How then can the planti r he successful
who follows no fix-d plan himself, and en r
trusts the management of his entire esuiie v
j to the ever vaiying plans of his ngeirs. n
vvhom he changes with almost every year ; Let
me advisw each one to follow somesys- J1
tern?an erroneous one is belter than none '
at all. Never cult'vate more than his force n
is able to tend in any season, however ad- n
verse?rest?manure and nurse his lands v
?never entrust to another what he can and c
ought to do himself, and to him, I am sure, 1
the necessity of? m grating will never be pre- '
; hented. " COTTON. *
j Tlicro are two points in which wc consider j
I the views in the foregoing article erroneous. 1.
Too little prominence ? given to manuring.?
j Rest is important, if not necessary ; but inanur.
I tug* either by planting and turning iu green
! crops, or in some other way, is more so. 2. Tho
proscription of overseers is too general. On a
'urge plantation the proprietor cannot exorcise
a constant personal supervision over all its ope. ^
rations ; and if ho could, the labor and exposure (
would be too much for the majority ofottr plan- ,
ters. Tho fault most commonly committed seems {
t? us to be, not the employment of overseers, but ,
entrusting too much to them when they are cm- r
ployed The planter should be a planter, and j
direct all the operations on his plantation. lie |
should not suffer such management by any over- t
scor as to let his "plantation become unprofit- \
-' I- ? T'U- n.A.iinnn nf On r\jrnrcrrr slioil 1/1 ho <
fXU 113 ? HU pi Iti l/V VI bliv V V V UVV? aw.aw ^..., ,,, t
generally to execute the or dert of his employer, <
, and this ho should be required to do uniformly, I
| promptly nnd faithfully, aa will cheerfully, or be I
sent to seek employment somewhere else, lie I
ehould be required to render a written account of I
his stewardship,?of even the hoes and plows i
, committed to the hands under him?at loast once
a week. All thii could be done, and still the 1
overseer bo treated with the courtesy and respect
duo to him as a man and a citizen. A planter?
, if ho can, without abuse of language be so called
l ?who allows the profits of his plantation to dc. 1
i peml upon an overseer, ought to have a guardian
. appointed to manage his business.
Ed. Faiu Gaz.
s ? ?
J Glue. It has been erroneously stated in
{ the public papers, that India rubber will
r make good glue ; but it will never harden,
e For a strong, firm,cheap glue, nothing has
i yet been discovered superior to the best
k kind of that which is in general use; and
y for u fine clear, nnd transparent kind, which
a will even unite glass so as to render the fine,
y | turc almost imperceptible, nothing is equal
i, I to is'n^luss boiled in spirits of wine,
o. Amer. Farrrer.
\i^
SETT
#
T I Z E R.
!R 29, 1839.
lc find in the Franklin (Ky.) Fjrmer, two
excellent essays on breeding horses for farm- !
ing purposes, sent to the editor of that piper i
in com|?etition for a premium offered by hiin.!
The following is the one to which theprernium |
was awarded. Tho otlier we bhall copy as |
soon as we can find room.
X BREEDING AND REARING HORSES FOR |
> 9 '
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES.
*y William Williams, of Nashville, Ten. J
}
The No. for June 1st offers premiums!
>r the 1st unci 2J best essnys "on the i
ibjects of breeding and rearing horses lor
jrcultural purposes." The writers are |
id und'-r no restriciions as to the mode of |
isoussion, or the breeds they may choose j
> n<lvnrn!f>. An airricu! Ural ninnr t:nuld i
~o - i f? j
at be expected !o have been mere libera!. I
, dissertation on the blood and proportions, J
ie breeding, rearing and training the turf j
ee-horse r or t'?e stout'T built, but not j
wch less blood-like roadster, hunter, or i
ar-house which the sdvruice of modern '
meshas introduced, might not have suited j
iclas'es of a majority of your readers I
oil are aware however, that by placing an '
I'erdiet on ilie turf, the camp, tl:e field and i
e road, you damp the arbour of yourwri. |
rs, and strip the horse of his glory. The j
oughand carthorse is a mere utilitarian,!
id ploughing and <nrtiug, however the J
>ets may have embellished tiiem in song, |
P
v known by the Worhirs to be plain fart,
iat ers, aiid? fiectually achieved by the due j
id con'inued application of hone and sinew, j
'here evidently is no fancy in the afiair to |
in man who holds the handles and guides \
iMAiu. There is however, ample room j
ir the exerctse of much practiral good *
mse in poin'ing out the method of1
reeding, raising, breaking and working'
irming horses to the best advantage. The j
rofi'.s of agricultural operation generally
re modi-rate, and managed as tltey are in
lany ins unres loss is incurred. Most
reedors of animals, it is apprehended, resive
but a very inadequate compensat on !
>r their time and attention and money ex. j
ended, li ought not to be. and thai it is .
oes not result necessarily, but from the
ant of proper care and judgment in breed, j
ig and raising. They follow what has j
e< n.not inaptly called 'hohap.hazard mode, i
y putting any sort of a female to any sort j
l a male wihout regard to qualities ; and j
1 raising tiiey are so stinted and starved as <
) warp and destioy whatever little of good !
jrm and constitution, they may have acci- j
entiy brought into the world with them. 1
i'hese seem to act without obj?*cr, except. |
hat they know a horse is a horse and a ;
leer a st?*er, und that if iho coit was got for J
barrel of corn and the calf gratis, that they i
ave saved their money.
The business of breeding animals, in mo- j
cm times, is sa d to be science. It has I
ot been, liowev* r, arid probably never will j
>c reduced to exactness. * Dame nature" |
a her operations delights to display endless '
arieties. But certain Yules have been laid j
lown by the observance of which we may j
e.'Sonahly expect to approximate certainty. |
1 Like begets like" is the leading rule. It j
tot only has its exceptions, but it must be j
inderstood with limitation. Soled a horse j
nd a mare, such as you want, or as near j
s you can find, the produce of their con- 1
jnction may resemble the sire, or the
lam, or neither ; hut it may have an infernediute
form, or may take after some re- j
note ances'or ; and if the remote ancestors !
vere indifferent, or positively bad, t!ie {
fiances will he against the rule, in propor. j
ion to the number of worthy progenitors. |
t should be enjoined on beginners, therefore,'
st, To s' lect good animals to start upon,
vhere no better evidence cun be had : 2udly,
fut where it can, to select them from good
arnili''s. In England, where more a tenion
has been paid to the breeding and rearng
the blood horse, than in any other counrv,
ilu y have arrived at extraordinary size,
>n<l power and endurance ; and it has been
lone by combining the A rab, Barb and T urk,
ind developing the bone and muscle of
he new race by generous feed and judicious
xerc'se. There no one thinks of breeding
i rac- r from o mare who lias not at least
ivc pure crosses. And many of their mosi
listinguished marcs can number double the
tmount. I Hiding on a royal, or o'her Araban
or B u b mare. There is something in
v
he blood, that gives family distinction,
hough the blood may not tell in particular
ndividuals, either from mismanagement or
iccident, or from some defect in constitution
)r form. A third rule requires that they
3e erossed ; in oilier woids, that we avoid
lie coupl ug together near relatives. The
more remoto the families, probably the beter
; but after prohibiting the intercourse ol
sire and daughter, brother ond sister, bo.
yond these wc may probably be perrni ted
10 use our judgment in selecting the requisite
forms. Some of the double J anuses
wetc very well proportioned, but they were
very small. The double Archys cvidenth
show n falling off. Hut Wagner by Sir
Charles out of a Marion is thought to be
among the good ones. And we need not
look for a belter than Highflyer, his dam
by Blank, got by Regulus, both sous of the
Godolphin Arabian.
There are some subordinate rules, tha*
in the thorough bred studs, should be we I
considered. 1. Certain famines cross hot.
ter than others, all b< ing good. 2d. Certain
individuals cross better than other individuals.
3rd. And certain individuals
breed better than other individual^. I ierod
and Eclipse were ox r'ordinary racers and
siullions, and were of good fjmdies, and
they errssed well upon otltcr families.
) \ ' - --
'E 1
NUMBER 3.
But the union of their bloods wns rathe
iranacondnnt, and were we to select from
lie be.st of Eclipse's sons, we should take
these?Bcnnin^orongh, Waxy and (Johanna,
all out of Herod mares, and Hamiilon:nn,
out of Highflyer, a son of Herod. Sr
Arciiy and Eclipse of Long Island are both
g'K)d stallions ard their blood is thought to
cross wHl but the blood of Ecbpse and Butler,
son of Sir Archy, "nicks." Tlieso
last rules are to be learned by practice only.
Who ran assign the reason why Batler'a
immediate descendants have not shown his
worth f In them it measurably dormant,
but it is shining wi h resplendaiit lustre in
Mingo and Job, of th? second generation.
And of Job it was hardly to have been is.
pecti d as be combines an unusual propor.,
tion of D'onssa and Sir Arci.y blood, being,; 1
bred very m.ch " in and in." .1
The thorough bred horse, standing cvL
dently and ackuowiedgedly in the first rank,
the rule for breeding and raising him being
4<considered and freely understood," a variety
su.ted to a particular purpose is to bo
produced by considering the I pro per ties, ^
wanted, and the families and individuals
from which such properties are most likely
to be inherited. Were the thorough breeds
equally numerous, and bred and ra sed at
the same or nearly the some cost, I would
say without hesitation, and so would every
one who understands his interest, put tho
thorough bredsto work. Eclipse, or Until
r, or Tranby, or Mingo, or Job, if put to
it in their prime, would have done more
work than any inferior bred horses ofiheir
size. In June or July, blood will tell as
promptly in the corn field as on the race
course. My best breds always then tuko
lead. But the above, and such as the above,
aituiot accessible to farmers generally.?
1 h?' price iv^at jhen is to be
done? In this glorious land of ITTJenjy ??
every one, w ho has the means, docs as ho
pleases, and I only wish 1 can scarcely
hope, hat some individuals or companies or
agricultural societies would import a bay
Turk, a bay Barb and a Cleavelund bay,
and bav drav, or draught horse. The Cleve*
D
land hays are said to he almost uniformly
of bay color and universally gentle in harness.
I have seen a few mate lies from
the north, apparently half brcds, excellent <
in harness, of the desire d size and shape.
Draught horse?, perhaps equal to any, j
might be had in Virginia or Pennsylvania. j
T lie s'ock should all be selected by a com- i
petent ju Igc of horse flesh, and the two I
coarser kinds should be chosen not only >y
with a view to thcirown s outness, but fum;- ^
ly stoutness and gentleness at work, and
with a scrutinizing eye to their hoofs and
pasterns. Brittle horn, gummy ankles, or
tendency to grease in the heals should be
on insurmountable objection to a horse
however perfect in other respects. Wr?
would of course have to choose the temper
of the B ubs and Turks, though a man
thoroughly conversant with horses can from
certain indications form a tolerably correct
estimate of their tempers. A person but
moderately acquainted would be able to
know that Bclshazzur was quiet, and that
St. Giles was " queer." The marcs to bo
selected, shouIJ be well bred, of bay or
brown colour and n few greys. They
should have long heads, wide between the
eyes, and jaws well displayed, with clear
placid eyes, and open foreheads, with pointed,
w? II set ears, and finq muzzles, and nostrils ;
necks of moderate length and muscular,
with large detached windpipes; having
quarters before and behind with plenty of
muscle ; large bodies with Inrge ribs, and
the short ribs closo to the hips; standing
even and rather wide on legs abounding ia
hone and sinew, and terminated bv tough
black hoofs. A white pastern and In.of is
about as liable to disease as those of blac^c
| or dark chesnnt colour. The Stallions
I should be of similar shape, but more coarse!
ncss is tolerable in them, particularly about *
j the n?'ck. The mares above described of
SI 5 1-2 hands high or up wards should be nut
to the B;irh and Turk, those under, to the
iCIeaveland buy. Those three crosses in
1 the general would produce stock of suflaci.
eut size. The best of the colts should Uu
kept for stallions. When a filly was de*
fieient in siz* she should be put to the dray
horse. The crossing and the result cfcaco
cross should be regularly recorded. If of
vety defective form she should not be permitted
to br'*ed, or be. put to a Jack. If the
inu!e inherited the defect, it would rot be
pi-rp" tinted; And all the blind fillies, and
ihos'? having defective ryes, should be put
to a Jack, for a blind mu!c would be a curiosiiy.
A colt thus bred might be kept as
u coven r at about S10 the price of the season
of one marc. And where the blood
of the dray at 87.50 or perhaps 80. which
should lie the mm mum price. Am I asked
why the expense of importing a Barb end
Turk should he incurred ? It is answered,
the Bverley Turk and the C'urwcn Bay
Barb got a colt and filly, the sire nr.J dam
ol I\ir ner. one of the best horses ever bred.
Ho got Tar ar, n capital or.o. lie got He.
rod, the I isting properties of whose otock
have prolv.bly never been equalled, flo
i t 1 II ,
got ll'giitlycr, who t:;uj r.o parrunu ia n.s
? day. ||.. got S.r P?ter, a good racer, and.
as nsallion, without a pnrraliel in bis day.
Ho'raiismittcd his excellence to IJnphaz|
i :ird ; arid lie to Phillio-dn-puta ; mid he got
! Birmingham; w ho, l?u: for ilie inroads niado
,! on i is cousti ut on by bad management,
might have perpetuated the family stoutness,
i j Perhaps it maybe done by Phillip/" who
11 c.'iiikmiI Treason r, a daughter of Camibus.
I . * vvhns" stock were particularly neat and of
I' great for strength their size."
flnv; yif hye? t'?c f'ght forttocros*. nnd