Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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.^FARMERS' ftlZETTE^l A .V it C II E R A W A o r E Mt T I Z E R. ^ VOLUME V. CI1ERAW. SOUTH-CAROLINA. FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER *2. ll? M MBLR S. , ">l * p ^ ' ? -i " i : r" - ft vi *> _ V. " ?>- \ >- . ' *. V- - *' TO? TOA<y&Jl$d?aP? * EDITOR AND P HQ I'RiETOR TERMS; ?.x If paid within throo months, . .?3 00 4 It pii.l within throo months after ho . close of tho yoar, 3 50 If paid within twelve months aflor tho close of tho yoar, ...... 4 00 If not paid within that timo, ... 5 90 Two neio subscriber* will bo ontitlod to \1 papertho first year for jive dollars, paid at t ^ timo of subscribing ; and ftvo new subarrib. * for ten dollars piiu at tho timo of subsctibir No papjr to bj discontinued but .it tho dpti< of tho editor till arrearages aro paid. A lvortisomcnts not oxocediug aixtocn liv inserted for?ouo dollar tho first liiuc, and hi ctuts,each subsequent insortiun. Persons snnding in advertisements aro rcqu t h. .o specify tho number of times they aro to .jrwo'tod; otherwise they will beoontinuudi ordered out, and charged accordingly. UJTTho Post a go must bo oaid on all conm n.cations. ????????1 ii jum.;. KNOWLEDGE IN AGRICL'LTCRK?AOIilCt TURAL PATERS. Tlw following is pnrl of an nriiclc on tl subject in the New England Farmer. What are the cunses which hnvo coi biued to prevent agricul ure from Hdvunri with the other arts and sciences ? Th are to be found in the prejudice of farme I for, ancient customs ; in their (seemin uubohoUn the progress of mind mid con* quent aversion to improvements ; in th hostility to what they term 'book Banniiu winch may bo defined tlw* practising ol sc c.itific trusts and the recemtnend.it oris the intelligent, promulgated through t! press. Tlktlu tiro .th? principal cans wlticli hure.op'-rutin] to retard the progre of improvement in the rural art. Tiunl to agricultural newspapers, they do n now exist to?the extent t?i? y did n few yj ; since, but their prevalence is still extens1 ?by fir too much so for our nu iou-il ind p'Jiidondcnce,* for the pecuniary interest tJio husbandman and every interest of tl loimniiiuty. flow shall i be l-ssenc< By the disvtinitiation of knowledge if t ( yeomanry.?'Knowledge js power'?it-co fers the power which the farnV r d< e Is.llin iiiiuiur ..f ? ? --- :? ' ? I'vt^.1 u? niitrv iii;v?TV IDCjl Ol |U| produuliv, and to pro late to th cxtCK its cnpabi'itv,?t ie poxi r ol ov.rcMini art the obmuct oiis of nature. T knowledge which will give this power, most eas.ly found and conveyed n. ngrici toral papers. Tln-ae are within the reai w'lcf every cultivator, ?rul sliould be p.vro 4^ aril by all -1IR m oil by ili? Ilk ^^^*ri?cnt*} for their tendency i*. not to trial tlm rich richer at the cxp-ns*- of the poc but to tnnke trie po<?r happier in .hi iner m of their crops, and ?h>>w l fm how to !? come ind' pen lent of the ri'di. '1'nere not a wlul of economy in refuvng 'o 'm come o subscriber lo one ol ill# s<' public lions. Hojvho has hut one aero tiugld I learned through tni* meant ho .v to cult vn that bO as lo.tr? hl>- his usual products, aid with hun of hi* liuudr- d tries ; ul any r>u either could not he bcn< & icd l>y a y<-,.| reading of n pa.er, to unr<- than treble li utnounl of the subscript!?n price. Tnis proved in .ho case ol thus.: who are iu Btribcrs. It is a fact worth noting, that y< j. seldom (1 might, probally.s iy never,) mc p* with a subscriber toanugrieullur.il pap who docs not set a high value upon it, who is in the least dissa'.utied Willi payir a d.dlnr or two a year for perusal. Su< nn investment of money isiu their opinn the lx;s: they coul I possiliy make, as noi other to them yields so grut an interest, wo-told by nTermor?a sjbs' ritK?r to Ju?l< Burl's Cultivator?:hot a idan which I . found in th:it paper for seaming npplon, p tatocs, Ate. for his swho, had been of ? vast deal more coi)8?vqtencc lo him than doz-ai years' subscripion money. ?Su< instances arc common,?in fact it is ubs lately impossible, in orr view, that son -? useful information or inluablu?hiut mIiou not be nrquired in the course ol n yeai reading, u hich will not repay many fold il price paiJ for the paper. Farmers need t be niudo aware of tin so facts and to t shown through tlieconvincirg means of c; perimcni, how falsely founded is their n tion of economy io refusing to take a pnpi devoted exclusively to their interests. These vchieh s of knowledge arc pn ductive of gooJ in another respect ;?tin take with the young?with thosu vvlioi minds aru not yet warped by prejudice n< fully imbued wrh false notions.?with who any thing novel and ptaus bio in tlieor begets a passion for oxpcTiment. I w state an instance the bettor to illustrate n meaning. A farmer of my acquaintum in New-Hampshire, was bitterly prnjudim against all other modes of farming than th practis'd by his ancestors from the earlie gi uuruuou, uiiu iruusuniicu uuiuipuin (and unimproved) to liim. lie was lot in his hlitjsa uu<i ridicule of'book furmiii; about which ho talked (is learnedly as I could of o:hcr matters whose discussit ren lers something more than a k? ow/edof the alphabet and tiro ideas necesiarydecliiring, m his wisdonn that it was Mule dud for the wealthy and college farnt* ui that'lie w.:s*iit fool enough yet to plant I land with mulberry trees ! and buy corn live on.Wc. This man bad u sou?u b of sjjrte nineteen years?who was mu< inclined to ruuding, and who bud of.en e douvored to induce his father to Hubscril for an agricultural j?'ij?cr, but w iibotit cflet I mu i i to be understood tlsut tlio ficcdam ol country \gri<:ultnr.itly great, is mora secure tli. tint o' ni-ointry gtn it,. ngfeiiiil^>^q^bim.'n-i ease. k ?, L V X i | The llaihor Had the misfortune to He stricken . I wiiti n dangerous sickness, and t'?o nvin agemcnt of (ho Turin de vol vod upon the son, who hud obtained the parent's consent to conduct ii hi ho pleased, with the provhion that he should plum no mulberry trees. As . a preliminary s-.ep to tho reform -tien con* toinpluted, tin* son subscribed for on azricul tura! paper and followed 'book furining* to l,A the extent of his means ; the s'vamp wns in resorted to for ms'criuls for compost, (an >? idea which never entered the head of the 'K* fit her.) limn was purchased for manure ; tho swino were increased to increase tie}?t means of fertilising the soil; root culture ly was adopted?alternating crops?manuring v by turning in green crops?(for which last ?A net, in particular, he incurred the censure lilrV hi* nei ghbors, who were unanimous in pronouncing him u 'fool,' *notiony,' cruckiu brained hoy,' Jcc.)?and such other ini provument* made as ho found buggestt-d in 9 his paper. ?L 'I tie licnefici d change which hud bocn wrought in t e order of things on the farm, I was so pulpiible and manifest as to oxcitc ,!J the wonder of tho father at his son's une\. peeled success, and ho could not help ark. n- now I edging that his prejudices against 'book ng farming' and agricultural papers were ill* y founded and supremely foolish. This farm, :rs under the fulle r's exhausting culture coing) paratively a desert, and yi Iding but n poor o. return for toil, has liy the scientific and nkil* i..t * - ic >ui iikiii i^uiuuni 01 uic sod, u?;?-n mine to fct-in with p'e.ity and well reward for the :i? sweut o.' Ii c .llivutor's brow. I have heard of 'his farmer declare iliat his yearly profit* lie dm not exceed 810U, and grumble ut l:i? ds 'hard lot.' Ui?J? r ms miii's ado) nistrnt on of ufI**iis treble this amount Is unnually |<s 'cleared.' t ot This easels no fiction?and if it were, it rs would be a (uithful represent a .ion of many ve unwrit en insiaaces of like r< suits, c- I' agrieul aral pap'TH, then, are produc. of ivoofso iiiuch good?if tlieir tendency is !?? Iio 'make two spin s of grass grow where but i I ? one grow before,' no means should be ht *par d to extend their circulation : I t tne i,. f<imor who is a subscriber induce his neigh I ? l?or who is not, to tecomo one also;?let nd agricultural societies hud all possible aid in \,f the i-ause. 1 ran con^.-ive of aim her ny oii- hod for advancing my object J-*-lo ne evt r> village tVT? are generally two per. I is sous U[ion whom ire ci.:z -ns bestow extraj|. ordinary respect, ?r a sort of voluntary ch reverence, on uceou.t of their (supposed) n- superior iutell gence?I mean tne minster 1,, nil itiH |iliy?i(Miiu. S?p|M"ian lk*n iin|i'.rl ant | ersonngi s slionl I exercise the mfl >r, t'a y are enpa1 !e of. to fa* ei.d of improving III- fn?r.f-.?l - .. ... ... v ... i m ii towns, ny iniliK Kii* 'li'-ir follow o.tia ns who follow itv> plough. )s to r.' nj?to improve mi d 'n ord.r o im. b prove the ho.I. ? could not tin* greni yrom,t. ?nr -ilii! liarl hanHwl, honvat-liuur id yc oniii.iy?b> lu. htmd by such a praisete worthy niovi innit ? it- ll is, cht? flv, ?t> l??e influence of K'irli pa?'is as iiio ,N w Qnglund Farmer, ilio A'- | b o.y Col ivuior, tln? Cii'miese?? Fwrnior, uiiJ | ne o horn oi n like c!t|ruoier, lint our improve j n, men'**** rurul i-coijuiny lire 10 bo nscrib d ; tj. ?that influence needs encourug'-meut from m Sin cs as well us iii'J'vidu.ils.?it miids to ct bu more widely diflVeJ for, in proportion cr |'S it i? exP-ndt d, in iv nrly that same proor portion will tin* prof-stinti of ngrirul'urr b?ig exitIti d in the public (Mi^nntioii, its operafh dons facilitated, and its product* incre.iwd. in J. II. I). no Boston, October, 1S39. 1 ?e From iho American Farmer. SWINE. u As much nttontion is now b"ing paid lo a improving the breed of Swine, the ex|>eri,|t en?*e of men of os'itblishnd reputation in til , business, will be received with attention / )(J und in order that our road* rs may be udviH'-d I j of the modes pursued by such, in iho rearing of the valuable animal, we will from time present tlicm with iho advice and practice , ^ pursu<0 bv breeders in different parts of the I country. In another page will lie found a x I paper on I lit- subject from Mr. E. I'liitiney, u ol whom and of his farm, ihu editor of the t,r New England Farmer, in a notice of the farms visited in n recent tour, thus speaks .* 44 Every part of his farm shows, that ly science, industry and skill, it litis been ron^ dered worthy of being ranked among the )r tirst of well cultivated farms in N w Eng,n land, and its proprietor worthy of all praise lor the laudable example he bus set lor Ins i|j agricultural brethren." Tito editor of the Tonnesco Farmer, in urging upon tlie fanners of the west to im_ >(j prove their breeds, makes some judicious ul remarks showing the advantages thereof, |jt( and very justly observes, that the poss-ssion l(j ofn gooj s:ock of swine, generally involves |(j lie additional advantages of better attention ,, and keep than the scrub animal is npt to ref,). ceivo. The farmer takes n pride und plea. I|( sure in his earn of a good pig, winch it is not extraordinary sliould bo altogether wanting in inn r? aring of an inferior one. M flu also nlludes to n fact wliicli it is 1 | strange shoulu bo in existence, yet uevcrthe less is too true, that Jo 1 " The sou'horn sections of tho cojntrv id ! !>ny oul sums of money, and sut? ,|, ' p ci themselves to much inconvenience, nod i jHiriions of ilioir population sometimes even I *o the pro p' cl of starvation, hy n lotnl r,j jcciion oftho maxim, ** thut no former should purchmm what ho can raise himself; a groat part, at Uus', of which e^jx nditure and ina convenience might he advantageously ur? rented hy ilia culture of grain and the rear, in# of domestic annuals." i ?*>' e . t This should not co tuuie to Ic-'Iip case mr and wo 'rust that tltu sniri now nbioud in 43 mimu of those states, for tho improvement '? of their agricultural renuun-cK, will have all this branch in view, as there can be no good th? reason whv they should be tr butury to oilier up, sections for their supplies o' those neeessaf itl( ie* of life ; an I it is gran yintf to learn ' at w>' To.?ii ssce has tukeu her stand in einaneip.i. pa! ting herself from tli sdepeu eneo. Such has t ? been the rigo for co on plaining in .'iu t if NOuth and south west, tl a o.ost other ar ides ed nl culture h ive b ?en nv.hctej, many of do which need nut in fie to in'> rfere with '.heir in. great staple. T <e system now ado .ted in of the Middle and Casern Sates, ot O'epar ng root crop* for farm *1 ck. si: >u' ' h'* ",,,r hgenerally followed ill the Son hern { and we in. Icuru from t ie ttbov pap r, ili-it in M> 'dl<- ol and Wes Tenneser, gr mi and grass, lie- am high-blooded horse, through.hr -d neat cat- n I tie, and the improved hog, are multiplying d | with n most gratifying rapidity. or " Wo are convinced, (says the ed or,) tit1 that this s the system best adapt' >1 to our tie: state, und w? t hereto ic rejoice pint it is in m< course of adoption throughout its length and at breadth." be pot From the N. ft. Farmer. ton ? FlttNNKY, ON 8WINK. rnr In compliaueo with your request I cheer. inn fully devote a few moments to giving you an account of my Piggery. I have often oot s ated and now repeat, that the manure \ I frnin mv lir??r none ...111 ? ... f - !?.? f-. ~ -1 .t ....... j 'r. !*" ? ?tiii p.ij' iui tin iiiu niu'i Il|< which I purchase ror them the rea.due of (Ik their f?*v-l, l?y fir the greater pari, being the thr produce ofmy own farm. In My breeds are p-met pull y of the Iui shire lull 1 loo I, ami a cross of ties bre?*d wit with the M.i key breed. Tots'Toss I !m\? j k,| found decid>-ly preferable to the lull bloods .11 of either. I litivn mi imported sow of the sui " K-sc\ half black*." being a descendant of ihr the Berkshire, and highly spoken of by Rng- ini lisn breed- rs, Tim Mat key |?gs were int. kiI por ed iii'o this country from l'mglund smno lo fifteen or twenty years ago, by Cnpt. Mack- avi ey. ol Boston, and till within n few years ih< were d* ctd lv t.-e best sock in N-*w Knff- of land, and pe-hnps in A tierics. When first mi 'mportcd, C-?pf. Mack y, on bis farm ?t mi Weston, not uiifrcq<ieiitl\ brought them iif> | oh | t-? 7(H) lbs. nt the ag" ??l 18 months. In j ha! all the essential pni s. such as maturing j h||< early, lightness ofofl?J, greater weight in until! more profitable ptrts,t'dnness of skin, poi &c., they greatly exceed--d ton B-rksltir' sec ho ed, but by breeding in and in, as it is to 1 termed, they had erently degenerated, hnd ?n? become wfk and feeble in eon titution,small the in size, ill sh ?p d, nnd ill some insttmees oft <l< t' rilled Wl h t ie X'l'pt'oil of tic hu man speca-n, no animal degme-rn es so rap- h?\ i-!ly In litis pr ictice ol hre -d nt? id -in-l 111 wu .is the hog. Judicious crossing is the only tin way by winch a good breed of sum- mm b my kept up and preaerv- d. ily proper ntieu hoi lion t.? this principle, ah frond and \.du ihle 'he qu -liti' s ol ? breed tiny :?- preserved nnd ga1 .ho bad rejected ;?without ii tlies best eyi breeds w'l sunn ItiToilie uoilh|?^it. With < a view of r*-s?'??r:nj? soni" ol lie go d prop- un< er'.ies of" tlm M *< hey, I tried rnssng litem fatt with various breeds, nn<l wilt none have tait succeeded no well us witkt lit" Berkshire. mix Tlx* produce of this causa post tves ull tlx- ind good ami valuable point* of lite Markov in i united to Ilu* health, vigor and *.;??, wnlli- u* out any of (lie cooraum s* of the Berkshire. ful i Tn? best pigs, however, that I have ever hki H-Tii, were produced l?y pulling a full blood Berkshireboar ton sow winch was a cross til tho Mickey wuli the " Moco." a New York breed, the progeny being half Berk- I shire, a quarter Mackey, and a quarter Moco. the My stock of fattening swim: usually con- net sists of about one hundred, besides about 1 ' fifty stores. My t ine lor slaughtering is in I of i I'Ybruary and March, when half my p'gs | arc lit ihe ugu of 15 ami 1U months, be.ng ' mr the fall and winter litters of lie previous . tie; year, tlio other halt beins the pigs of the i hie spring next pr evious to killing, and nro at (.|,0 the age of 9 and 10 months. The former I ? in years past have weighed from 330 to (jm 100 lbs., and in sumo instances as high as oui 500 lbs. The latter from 250 to 350. erti An inquiry is oflen made in to llio best urn time of killing, or what uge it is most profi- r*.r table to slaughter th -ni. On a largo firm spr i wltoro much green herbage is produced nnd us ' where the value of die manure is taken into ' air j account, I consider the pigs killed a! the age j < of 15 & 10 inon hs as giving in general most yj,. 1 profit. VViien it is intended ink.II them it jf,r i this age they nmj be kept on more oidmary ti,H i and clionpcr foo l for the 10 or 12 months < lor till within 4 or 5 months of the tune of do 1 killing. The manure they make and the ms I extra we'ght of pork morn than pay llioex nr. pcnse incurred mi keeping them Hie longer *(U lime ; bin the spring pigs which are to lie killed 1110 ensuing winter nn<J spring, must be kept upon die lot of food from the time lliey are tnken frotn the sow untl tliey arc 1 slaughtered. i | , Tho okl'-r ckis# of p gs for the first 10 or rnii 12 months, arc kep prn.cip illy upon breww ?bf crs's grain*, with u small qn intity of Indian it a ! or hurley maul or rice, ruta bug . sugar beet, J &c ,un J in the sens n of clover, peas, o:tis oni corn'stalks, weeds, dec., they nre cut green 'fr and thrown into tin- pens ; ton next lour or ani live months before killing dvy li.ivo as much Indian mini, harle> o> rice, with an equ i| qmnttty of potatoes, .ippl-s or pumpkins as they w ill eat, the whole being well cooked and kalicd, and given them of about blood warm. I)ur ng the season of to fattening, ?n *o of hard rprn is evi*ry *1 day given to eaort pig. This small quint ty hl\ they will digest well, and of eotir-a ther? is #ui no waste. Shelled corn soaked in water' _ t id* if* salt na the wafer of the occean, for1 11ours with ?? quart of wood naive add-d eueh barbel and g'tren to thum ocensiony in anvtll quantities, greatly promote* ir etl It an.l growth. Their Ivalth and i* ids greatly promoted by ?hrow; a hnn Iful Of charcoal once or twf e a <>k *n ench of their pens. Their priuciI fond should, howi'Vi r, be cooked a* >rou|rii1v and as nicely na if intended for tie us?*. From long pru'-tico and repeatlaiHtiiit'ii s, 1 am convinced tbu two liar* wor h of natmial well rooked will ik<* a* much jnirk us t'iree dollars worth i'v* stupe material given in * raw slut**. P jS whNi fir-t taken frotn the sow should treated wi'h gP'l* care to prevent sronr? iiiid tVt in b' ruining s.intcd when cub* r tle-se happen, u will requite inanv day* il soinetlni s weeks c ;iu thorn ag ain in'o In-lathy, grow :lig cun'h ion When fir*i [>i iveil of the material food, a h do n''W akim milk, boiled ai d sli Inly salt?-d J given to thcin oiten and in small quin'i. j, will prCv? nt scouring und grssdy pro. i? their growth. If eitr-ndt-d for ktlbng tlio nge or 1) or 10 months, they should full led 'Il ilm time and kept as fat a* isiblu. If on the other hand tlvy are inided for killing at the age of 10 or 18 mthj. they should no; bu full fed, nor be td?? very fat for the firs 9 or 10 mon'h*. To satisfy myself of ilw bi'wfi' of this jrsH I took si* of mv best pigs eight ekn o'd, nil o* the HStne litter, and shut m in two pen*, three in each. Tnreeof a'' 1 fod very h'gh and kept them nsfnt nil i iiitie iih they could he made. Theother re were led sp iringly upon coarse food, 1 k?^i it a healthy, growing condition, hll hin lour o' fi*e ition hs of the time o' ling when Ivy wt re fed as high as the iers. They were all slaughtered at the Tiutiine being then 10 months old. At age of 0 months the lull ( d p'ga were teh "lie heaviest, but at the same lime of ling, the ply* fed sparingly for the firs or 12 nio .ths weighed, u,?on a>t I'rago, fifiy pounds each more than t others.?Besides this additional weigh pork, the three lean kino" ndded ich nmrc than the others to my inare h> nn. These results would seem very v ous to any ne who has no'ireil the Itis of the animal. In consequence of >rt feeding they were much more ac iv?il industrious in tho manufacture ofcomst, and this activity at the same time cau i the museles to enlarge and the frame spread, while the very fat pigs became letivc, and like indolent bipeds, they nctr worked for their own benefit nor fl>r that others. For In- purpose of increasing my manure ?p, mv pens are kept constantly supplied h peat or swamp mud, atmui three hun d loads of which urttannunlfy throw n ino - n'yes. Tins, with tie* manure from my rse s'able, which is daily tiirown in. unit i weeds und coarse herbage, which are h<Ted from the firm give, nu about BOO t loads of manure in a year. I).i regulur systematic feeding and clean J dry braiding, the success of raising and ening swine very much depends. A hful fe. d.-r, also, who has some skill I taste, w i lial a little pride of vocation, is ispcnsahlu. Homer informs us that ich of .he au-'cess of Ulyss*'S jn rearing fit 'togs, was to be iitirihuled to h s liiith. it - * wunm uio old soldier stated gadj swioeluuder. E. PHINNEV. SOILING CATTLE. Sailing is th? leading of cattle either in barn or yard, llirougli the summer, wiih v mown grass or roots. I'ljo following are some of the advantages soiling cattle over disp-tsturing them : * I A spot of ground which, when pus d upon, will abundantly maintain five id of cattlo in one stable, if the vegeta. s be mowed in proper time, and given t? cuttle in pioper order. nO Thf> ??? - ?w IVV.UIU^ J It |vl3 il i IWttSl llirtT I'M the quan i'y of munure from the same nber of can to ; for the best nod most curious manure is produced in the stable. J curried to the field* at the most proper ioi of its fermentation ; whereas, when cud upon nvadows or ploughed fields, it is too common, and **xhaus'ud by the find sun, its power is entirely wasted. "3. Tlie rutti*1 Uteri to s ail feeding will Id a much greater quantity of indk, nnd roused Hys r tn weigh*, when fattening, ii when they goto :h field. 4. "hey are less subject to accident? not sufTur no much from heat, fl es and octs ? on the contrary if every tiling l?e iperly managed, thev will rnmnin in u :c of constant health and vigor.*' Von Tltacr. COMPOSITION FOR CORN. ' Take one bus'el of phs'er, half a b'.Jthaf lime, and half a bushel of ushes, and ( thorn thoroughly toge h *r. Apply mi' n t ihlo spoonful to a hill. I have put hi inv corn tins miluiii nh?v? fmimi it :id>t)ly ?? n? fi"i I, to much *? thnt I have' f* of the bott fields ofcorn in this vicinity, v it r wler, n?**t voir, the co-?t it no'liing, J llio application gives but Itltlft trouble. W. E.M Oenneste Farmer. OvCRtEERB OR MANAGES*. the difficulty getting good onesIt would t?o difficul* d"9i(n n sny subject, in reference to ueli I mdhoMcm of Maryland, snl prohat in V r#itiia *nd other s'nios sou h of it. tfer so much inconvenience and detriment one it' regnrd to which they are liublo > t?f to much imposition in thequtbfie*; tiott and character of th?if? managers. It well behoves them to consider tbw eaaane of what may be set down m one of the gr**t? ?*si evils under which tliey labor, sod the means, if any, which may he applied 10 re* move it. All admit the existence of the grievance, nil lament it?but how far will that go towards curing i: f It* pursuing the inquiry, with a view to uny practicable amendment ol the present syscm of employing overws-rs, if amendment be pnetu ruble, the true course is to ascertain in wliat i?t d feca consist?Suppose Dr. Muse, or Dr. FVhukhn, or any othdr skilful physician ?o ho railed in io a patient pntsrrat** and speecidesa; do** he plunge in (tie lancet or pour in the catoned, without first endeav. ouring to ascertain hy lite lyinp oms and I t?v inquiry, the smt an<t the cause of the disorder ? No, certainly not; some there tre, it is m iid, with whom these two remedies constitute i panacea of universal efficacy, like Dr. Sangrido's hot water, and so they bleed first, and inquire nlterward-.! For our* Ives, unskilled in the divine art, we confess to soma fui'h in the pulse and tlm tongue Wnat then are tho causes that managers nre, m so many cases, lazy, ignorant, incompetent, drunken and dishoaest ? This inquiry nre aware opens a broad field of investigation?So fur from pretending tc be prepared to solve ihe problem, we reudily admit our inability to do it. On this, as on a thourand subjects which we should rejoice to understand and illus' trutc, we trul but too a ns.bly that hke Socrate* of old, "a'| iliit 1 know is that I knn?f nothing !'* Are overseer* loo poorly paid ? It the occupa'ion degrading T Hat the svsi?m of discipline over slaves been so much relixed by their owners, at to prevent th? overseer ?*oni doing himself jinmce ??To determine tUrse questions, a variety of farts are necessary?On the poiut of compensnnon, wh mutt consider the nature of his earvices and the degree of his responsibility ; and coin pa ro the so with the services and responsibility of ricn of equal grade of capacity in oilier callings. At first view we had adopted the opinion that, with a few 'xcepiions, the pay is too lit;le?-that higher com|KHisnii.in in almost every Otltcr employ mem ui racted nil young m*?n of industry und chnrnc er?That is to say, that the de. gree of intelligence, industry and integrity necessary to muko a good overseer, would command higher wugo , at almost any other business, whother on land or wat>*r ; but I on rt fl ction, we doubt the truth of that I impression. Suppose the manager to be a married inan, he usually gets a house, a I garden, h e firewood, and a certain allow. I unce or ?wst and corn, with die privilege to his wife of raising poultry, keeping or using | cow, and sonietones the right of hog 1 or i wo from the offal kitchen milk and gar<ivn stuff'?such offal being sufficient fur i on.) I?,?: .it i< .mu How does that compare wait thu bes' journeyman's wages at any mechimcil business, or with a great number of goo J clerks? Suppose n journey nun a wugu 10 uc <?ifou por aay, lor, say I tltrco hundred days, though in many raaos, such ns plasterers, bricklayers, painter*. Ate., they are without employment for >ix we??k* or two mouths in winter?but wo hiII say three hundred days?that would he tour hundred and fifty dollars?Now sup. pos? him to bo a married man, what are his expenses ? With nn opportunity to in. quire, we might apeak w ith more accuracy ; hut we will $ iy, for lluuso rent, $40 Wood, 33 Moat, as much ns the over. seer gels and ruiscs, 50 M.Ik, 10 Marketing vegetables for the year, say, 75 Making 200 Deduct this from his four hundred and fifty, and he has in money two hundred and fifiy against the overseer's two hundred.? Bu' suppose him to be sick for a day, or a week, or a mouth?his pay is stopped to 1 the hour, whilo the overwer'a goo* on? And then he is not stinted in the Ute of fire, woo l ; gets, or ought to get, from one cow, which every married ntnn, in common hnI inanity, ought to be allowed to keep, as much milk as will go far towards feeding Ins children ; and his wife, if a ihrif'y woman, will raise poultry enough to pay for their grocer.cs, except liquors , and were it possible, there should bu a stipulation | against the use of tltem in or out of his I noiiso. But in ihia, the Boss should set the example, as does our friend?and wo are proud io call h>tn friend Jacob Woolf, a .n tsier mason in B dtimore?a moat active, | oatly rising, industrious, thriving, rich growing mccnauii?one with whom we have often stole away before daylight, to 'vijoy u dc'ightful hunt, killed our fox, and got buck almost in tiro** to escnpe the mn. lignoni observations of some envious backbiting drones, who looking out yet but half awake, through their chamber window, would soy, MAh, thore goes the fox-hunting pnstm.istcr?better ho in his office : never min i?we'll fu his flint for him?well get up a secret m> morial for his rerqovsl 1'* But away with such verm n?it would not b* lair to connect them by any sort of association, with Woolf's Leader of Dido, By1 ho-bye, in nil our exhilarations?after a I tie) fatigues of the chase, W. could nev^r be tempted to drink any thing but water.? 1 Ou'-e at ilurowood, I remember me, Ita was prevailed on to hi down glass or two I of -park mg champaign?, but there was no siiam ia his reluctanoe to go it?8*?onei \ would he have gone a fivo-barrod gatr. much by vijr of ? by-blow, at AO ImM^ - Jl worthy. I .i*h.sp.nt#d brirrk layer, erhoewpe**' . ^*|K ties, Iika his ! r*de, lead hum tci buiki ?f?|id not to pull down. 1 would st?ea? that the wage* of tha&ref- v bwB ww are ?qual to, and bis cendhioe mftfjiifc?: v My in sow respects better than tlik of Lb* r- ^ best journeyman mechanic ; for otHtDarriea' * m*o it worthy of thoorRloymsnt el a man. eg^r, who would not be worthy of tvCMl. peneation and privileges ban designated. * Can * be that yo?n| men eschew the ' employment because it Is not, or ia ntawiid I not to tw a respectable occopation f tlgas who consider it otherwise, tojRt surely bat% etmngMy perverted notions of reipsctdbWI ty?U tie foremen of aoy raaaofactary or ^ \ mechanical business respectable f Well In Imnet anoverseer I inochitf eWksbiyio / a store or aod office not respectable? and is not that man who holds it an erersetr? la not the birth of a first, or a second, or a third Lieutenant, or mate in e man-of-war or merchant vessel, respectable f aod are not they all overseers, all of them, moreover, being themselves overseen I Does the over wr on atann watch over there under him more closely, or enforce discipline so strict* ly, or punish those under htm with so muds certainty or sever.ty, as does the Lieutan~ ant of a man.of-war, for neglect or disobe* dience, or desertion 1?No, by no means, whlio he Is himself held to a much stricter account by his commanding offioor?So is the mate of a merchant?so is lbs foreman of a manufactory, or the chief clerk of a public office, held to a much stricter account * by their superior, than most overseers are, by their employers. The owner of land who would wantonly treat his manage^ with , disrespect, or without ample occasion, tasks hiot foe I his subordinate situation, only shews as all fools will sc me times do* that "want of decency is want of souse." Ou that point every gentleman (a distinctive appellation for which we must still insist) will be guarded not to forgot that "Honor and worth from no condition rise?* .. Act well your part?there *U the hooor lies."* W ho shall say such men as Crawford, mSanger for Dr. Stewart, and Tucbfr, for Mr.* Maxcy, are 1:01 as good and as respectable men, aye, and a thousand tiiqes mors so than many a large landholder or merchant, being men of uprightness, of sobriety, of courage and ofiodustry?men whs have the tM?ats and tha energy to sat an exempt* of the best practice, sod the greatest sue* cess in tho most useful, and let as sddrwnS 4 of tho most difficult of 1-fo. Would to heaven our country nhueded more in such > men. He must have an ofosise inteMCdt, with very little of the spirit of inquiry or thirst for knowledge, whs docp not gain ad. ? | vantage and gratification by assooiatng * with such men. If they would consent, and tliose who would employ v.vctu wouM ^ allow them to take appruuueet, or pupQs if you wjll, (fur u aeeros that with some a rose by any otNrr mwd wttl net amett as sweet ?hence manager thought to be mom courteous than over*Sir! what nonsense f) If we say men of any elass, high or low, would bind themselves to work under such , men as Crawford and Tucker, whore sucltg can be found, it would coastittito a much? more useful school than many which have beetl endowed bv Legislatures and nirum Testators. Young men brought up under thorn, leaving with their certificate, would carry w.th them a diploma that would not fa ' to procure them honorable employ moot and adequate jmy.-?-Am. Firmer, buckwheat. (Polygonum.) In light lands this crop may be rnis'-d to ad van age. In this climate* it s o ild not be sown till after the mi'Idle ot May. One bushel is seed enough for an acre, ifeown broad*cn?t,as isSBttal; but if sown in drills, lose than half that q jantity is sufficient. In the State of New York, furiners sow it in August with win* ter wheat. It afTords them a rips orop in die fall, without injuring the crop eft wheat, wli ch grows with and succeeds it. Buctwlieatis liarrested by mowing, in the manner of barley. After it is mown it should be several days before it is housed. I' is in no danger of the seeds falling, nor does it suffer much by we*. From its giest succulency it is hebfe to best in a mow, on which account it is better to put it ioto small stacks of five or sis Ipads each, .than either a large one, or in ? barn. Mr. London observes, "that the use of the grain of buckwheat in Great Britain is almost entirely for feeding poultry, pigeons, and swine. It may also be given to horses, winch nru said to.;hrive well upon it; but tlie auttior of *?r?he New Farmer's Cairo* dar," says he thinks he has seen it produce a s'u|H*f)ing iffoct. Young says, that "a busts I of buckwheat goes farher than two bushels of oats, and mixed with at feast four times as much bran, will be found sufficient for a horse a week. Eight bushels f bock who*t meal will go a* far as twelve bushels of barley meal. Tue meal of buckwheat is made into thin ralina l.^ifnn.1. in ?' I ? ??-1 ?- ? i ?>?7? miu iu wme parts of England. Buckwheat pan* cake* are likewise common, and thought tc^ be whuJesofn* as well as palatable, in uiany parts of the United States. Buekwheat tdxssoms afford n< h food for beea. and are useful as well from the quantity of hooey which they enable the bees to make, aa tho long lima they continue without fading or ceasing to bo fragrant. On this aoooont J he buckwtKeat plant la highly prized in [ Pronto and Germany j and Oct flame! ad, h-New Er gland, Jmim