Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, April 26, 1855, Image 1
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JOHN^L. MILLER, i~ ! ? " ' ' - - - -? f~- ' J r T , ' T ?- ' ?
sam'l. w. melton, j wpwetw. jlu Independent Journal or the Promotion oi the political, Social, .Agririitura! and Commercial Interests of tlx; South. j lewis m. grist, publisher.
VX>L-1- Y0>-RIvVTLiIJ'E, S. C., rriu RSDAY, APRIL 20, 1855. _ NO, 16.
(Original poctri).
Writron fi?i the Vovk villi* KiupiiiYr
EMMA.
in i. mvn?*><is
* Ueva- rn-l?i\ ] > -i i?. l'.*m ion'1- < !..!my *en
.' rtt T l,f iilU' l {ijl'tli iVliOll ">!? V ;' ! In
I V.V,/; >
lf i" the '*eli'-?:unc siuilc* .-lie tv<?ri*
When fir t- 'i wa-i vear? ago? ?vc uu*t
there are tlie .0 ni^ht rro.-s 01 rcro
..ij^thv ?nd th" irau^-ione.j eva r>f i tn iot
The >iuile. the tres.-, the eve.?they seem
11. -.v .he tun 1 ineni.'.vie: like .i <li onm
1 i.O is plVil<l us Iii thai lu ill*
When feeling. hope. mi 1 ??t v -hone.
Dear licrlit^ tlr.it yii'M-'-l \ .11 tli :i power
To \vie)<! the mace i.:i Pas-ion'- throne.
TIlO .hlilC"?/? /" ghlllC" ??ilvMllliot InThat
it lias -\v.iyel. t> heart, o'er thee I
Then why the magic of that luein
Ami why those thronging thought-r.fyore ?
Coin"- ii"t a spectral -ha<le between
To hi<l tho o ri-ions r?sc no more ?
<? glance, an I eye, ami .smile. an?l tre.-?,
1 fain wouh! feci your power le-WiNNsnmro."
S. C. I
'JHisecliancous trailing J
DEIFICATION OF THE PEOPLE.
-')// K ' ti firf from tftr Srfiiimi t./ll*' 10'I'. Jh\
jnritihf / hi/ hyji'nrhti>'nt f>t ttic
r ...:B7.*1. il.ii ii... /
I J ,?.-?? ?. / r J (/f {?? / Z"f ' r/r? / ?'/f( -M r?/
K' j,,; * Htoti'rm, ?n S'tf'infm/, f), r <)/f, '
. . j
4* Dear with mo in briefly stating what seems
to me to be a species of idolatry which cannot !
tail to briny down upon us, sooner or hater, the
righteous judgments of God T allude to what
way be tailed the <frijb'((ttoH of the people.
'I h. v are frequently represented n.> the source j
< t all p ditical power and rights: the very foun-1
tain-head of sovereignty. It i> their will which
tit a Ices law: it is their will which unmakes if. i
A supremacy is ascribed to that will which lie '
who reads the Dibloand 1veoyni7.esa God that
has dominion over the children of men. must
feel to be shockiny. They are really treated j
as a species of Dcitv upon the earth. Now 1
this whole representation is not onlv incuiisis- j
tent with religion, it is equally inconsistent
with the philosophy upon which our popular 1
institutions are founded. The cove rum cut, of
this countrv does not proceed upon the maxim j 1
that the will of the people is the will of God, 1
and its arrangements have not been made with !
a reference to the end, that their will may be ':
simply ascertained. This legislature is not a j ;
congregation of deputies, or ministerial agents. 1
and you have, and know that you have, higher
functions to perform than merely to inquire
what do tile people think. I do not underrate
iln-ir opinions ; they must always enter as an !
ch nient in sober and wise deliberation ; but
what I maintain is that the true and legiti- |
mate end of government is not to accomplish j
their will, but to do and enforce what reason, j
conscience and truth pronounce to be right. ;
To the eternal law of right reason, which is ;
the law of God. all are equally subject, and;
forms of government are only device.- and ex-'
pediciit- to reach the dictates of that law ami
apply it to the countless exigencies of social ;
and individual life. The State is a Divine
ovdiunnep, a social institute, founded 011 the
principle of justice, and it has great moral purposes
to subserve, in relation to which the con-'
-titution of its government may be pronounced
good or bad The will of the people should be j
done only when the people will what is right,
and then primarily not becau-e they will it,
but because it is qight. Great deference 1
should be paid to their opinions. Uvauve general
consent i- a presumption of reason and i
truth.
The pe' iiliarity of a representative system ,
1. rIn*t it governs through deliberative assem-1
11:.. ..Vi?.t1nm.,? i< iii tbe eireunistain.*e
I IH.II I .IV* > V ..V. -
that they aiv deliberative, which affords a ten-;
sonnhle security that truth ami justice may
prevail. So tar from being mere exponents of
popular sentiment. their highest merit is that
they are a ehoek upon popular power?a barrier
reared against the tide of passion, to beat |
back its waves, until reason van be fairly '
heard. There is no )misapprehension more'
dangerous than that which confounds repre-;
sentative government with the essential prineiple
of a pure democracy. It is not a contrivance
to adapt the exercise of supreme power
mi the part of the people to extensive territory
or abundant population, to meet the physical
impediments which, in large States, must obviously
exist to the collection of their citizens
in one vast assembly. It is not because the
people cannot meet, but because they ought
not to meet, that the representative council in
modern times is preferred to the aneieut convocations
in the forum or market place. It is
to be prized, because it affords facilities and
removes hinderanccs in the discovery of truth ;
but the supreme power is truth and not man?
li'od, not the creature.
44 Now whatever representations diminish
I . .1,.
the authority of the LMVino taw ; IS l III" SU|I| VtllV
rule, .aid make tlio .State the creature and organ
of popular will, as if an absolute sovereignty
were vested in that, are equally repugnant
to religion aud the true conception of our government.
An absolute democracy is the worst
of all governments, because it is judicially cursed
as treason against God, and is given over
to the blindness of impulse and passion. I
am afraid that in this matter we have trodden
upon the verge of error?we have forgotten
that the State is ordained of God, and that
our relations to each other are those ot mutual
consultation and advice, while all are absolutely
subject to 11 iin.
" in proportion as we lose the true conception
of the State, we fall short of realizing- in
ourselves that perfection of development and
happiness which it was instituted to achieve.
Hence, it is not unusual that as extremes meet,
those who in theory clothe the people with the
prerogatives of God practically degrade theus
below the level of intellectual existence.
1
I % I
When we c?*a?e t?? regard the State as a irivat
1 instrument of nigral education, itst.1T .-hoiiM
j be disr. tjarded, ::it?1 these t tods he lef; {j demonstrate
that, alter all, tiny are hut men.
' f/a it once be conceded that government
is hut an organ ot'the popular will, the business
ot'a statesman i- very simple?it is only t<? find
iiit what the people wi.-li; and as all eoitri'i
; are aitVftetlYft bv li:c palI'oliapo tllcY be-1o'>V, |
j \v?; may expect ;?? see a .-y.-tem in operation, |
' V. ho.-i: oil 1 % tondehey is To secure persoli 'i pep- I
; ilia lit) I 1:0 ambition ot Leui.-hitoi's ami Sen- !
. a tor- will he directed t?. the tiuiuitis1. oTu"l?u!ar i
: favour, and whatever arts promise tu b<- most j
' tu-ce^i'ul, will ho hold to he 1? eitiniatc. * - >
I tlu.\ are the customs and maues ot tin* foml. .
, v.'livo seal < ! approbation i- desired. 1 ho
I ettii-oijut-iiois must Vic di>astroii? to all the ]>.if- ;
rios concerned. There will and mil-r ho our;
vuptioii and hriht-rv. Tin To v. ill and nm.-t ho
iinV?eeoininir t-ond> soonsion.^. Tlio a>pira!it*
tor distinction, however they ?tnv abhor thc.-e
practice, and reproach thcm-eh'Os in vt.iopii,.^ .
to them, foci compelled t>? resort to thorn n>
the conditions ofsuecass. audit will ahvavs
' '
1 happen that whore tin- people are detlied in j
! theory, they will he degraded and corrupted in
practice. Men will he promoted, not acenri
dinjr to their wisdom ami wovth ; m>t ace<>r- .
dine to their ability to answer the ends of the
State in eliciting the voice tuT'easim and tnitli.
and securing the reiiin of universal iustic- ?
they will he promoted according t-i their plianey
in paiiderimr to popular tasbs. The
dcuiamnue will supplant tin- st toman?the
representative he replaced with a tool.
Thi.'c itiiCov.oui (endcuelcs should ?)> '
ehcehcd in their very he^iunimj; and the lie m
effectual method of d- iiiu" so. i- that each and
every educated man should feel the re-j msi1
M 1 i ? *
"luiv upon nun 01 contributing to tin* nior.il
and intellectual improvement of the marcs'
around Kim. e are all brethren, and as members
or the same commonwealth should aim at
the culture of the whole community. X??
man liveth to himself; m> man dieth to him- i
?0it. Let every one who is blessed with iniiu- '
once, position and power, use the?e a<l\aiite^e< ;
in bringing all classes to that point of moral J
elevation in which the ballot box becomes the ' 1
exponent ot j ^ lis , 0flller_ '
it. \\ hat a blessed consummation ! V. e m, . ?
never see it realized, but we may see it approx- ' |
imated. That approximation must be made
by the influence of the rich upon the poor, the 1'
intelligent upon the ignorant. Kaclt man u ay
do mueh. and it would be a glorious result of
this day's service, if each should re?olv" that
what he ean do. whether much or little, shall
J'J i'li)lU'i*4 > t'uiiUfull ? vUoiv u\Ooi.4 vV.'ll
;OUstitlU!US. i
o I shall mention but one other instance of ;
-in which, on this day. c.d's for humili ith n
and correction. It may be a conso-jutnee
those wh'eh liave just been insisted on; it i- ?
the deplorable extent to whieh our h.vs. e.-pe- '
cially in the punishment of crime. are pn v :itcd
from being executed. it i< a b.---n w!.: h
pervades the lliMe. that States at.d communities
may be dealt with a- guilty of the crim which
they refuse or neglect to punish. The
sixth of the seven precepts of Noah, which enjoins
generally government and obedience, insists
particularly upon the punishment of malefactors.
a< an indi-p? i;s;ii>le rendition of national
prosperity and honor. V\ hen that species
of transgression, which it i? tic proper
office of the civil arm to rebuke, is permitted
to escape with impunity, the land i- dotihd.
The magistrate i; not at liberty to bear the
sword in vain?he mu-t be a terror t< e\d
doeis. well a- a praise to them thai d well
It is to be deplored, however, that whii< the
moral sei. e ol ihc eommumtv is properly
shocked at tliO eilol'moUS Wickedness o: ei'il
denming tlie jiM, and dealing with liiui according
to the deserts of i ii?juitv. there is 110
such disgust at the equally revolting spectacle
of treating the guilty with the impunity which
L due only to innocence. A man tna\ violate
the law by crimes which cry to heaven for veil
geanee, and after the tii>t ebitlitioti of resentment
has subsided a sickly and mawkish benevolence
interposes to arrest the progress of
justice ; a feeling of pity and of childish tenderness
to the person of the criminal, prevails
any adequate expression at all, of indignation
and honor at tho crime, in sucn eases, mo
community assumes the guilt. It is regarded
l?y (ioil as endorsing the transgression, and in
the righteous retributions of I lis providence,
he may so<?ner or later, expect tj reap the consequences
in the judgments of His hand. 1
There is no principle which is more plainly '
stated, more clearly illustrated, more frequently
exenipliticd in the sacred Scriptures, than
! that the punishment of malefactors is a duty. :
! It is not discretionary; nut a thing ofcxpedi;
cncy or policy ; it i> a duty, (led exacts and !
1 demands it, and no State or community can
' disregard this high and solemn obligation, with- 1
1 out taking the place, in the sight of Hod, of
the criminal it protects and favours. If it refuses,
for example, to shed the murderer, the
. . .1
blood ot the murdered will be vUitcd upon its !
! head.
" There are two ways in which communities ;
( are punished for unpunished crimes. The j
! first is by diffusing the contagion of the sin.
| The restraining influences of Divine grace and
j of human law are equally withheld, and the
, crimes which have been permitted to escape
| with impunity become multiplied. Hod permits
numbers to fall into them. The moral
I ties of the social fa brick become loosened, and
general insecurity is the fatal result. Other
societies look upon them as wanting in dignity
of moral sentiment. They are contemplated
: abroad in the light of the crimes they permit ;
; they allow abominations among tneui; and this
i is regarded, ami very justly regarded, as sutlii
cient proof that they feel m? strong ri>entmont
! against them. From the necessary operation
\ of moral eaitscs, the standard of character must
; become extremely low among any people who
have no public and national expressions of
displeasure against crime, or who, liavinir them
in form, a dead letter upon the statue-book,
fail to make them real and effective in practice.
It loses its position among;surrounding States;
forfeits the favour of (?ud ; eontiins the eley
incuts of weakness, which are inseparable front
j staudard of morals; the land is detiled,
\
| and will/on be prepared to spew out it-* in
j habitair under the curse of tlod.
4. T ore arc, besides, si -,vi!ic .Mid ncsitivt
' , 1 \
! iudpnoms which the "Teat bispusor of eventI
liar in store for the people that despise justice
| '/he pestilence and earthquake, the caterpillai
land palmer w-rm, the heaven as brass and tin.
earth a- iron. war, I.|.?.m1 and famine?ihe-c
.1 re lv.tr *ae:|ilo- of the srouruas \ Heh (loil
ha.-j employed in former limes. which lie i?
lupioyin? now, rmd which He may employ
hereafter to tench the nations of the earth,
that it i> iijihtcou*iivs alone which enn exalt
hem. and that sin'i>a reproach to any people
< Om t]>h ?h:\. im hvCth'-'J, ha\<- WO I: .1
iv.i^iu to :iv?|ii*';!iOU?! that u.ii land >ni
.iint ??t'unjiiini'h! ?l rriiin ' I-tv ? ' ? ih.
mi'u-i; of innocent blood * : \ ' > n* from tin
i_ri'oai:.l ' !! ?? violence iht iv:s>i?iL' in ?nn
holders I - lot M t';;f;i! ... !ii]Tolll. ;iT olM-1- T !:?
cnit-e and effect of evil?:i pri-jii.-in: -deii of tin1
i!ifV?-T:>iijo ir^ccui-Itv of life. that ?eeivt wen:oII.h
villi ! _ otiTlO.! Ultlii'llt iii :11 1111*_f l.ieit" jio?.
m >>oi"> as <0H> ? ! lliliaiV > 1? ! !(.* lias l'eaelicd
the lii.Jic.! *tairo f refinement until i !. auilioii:y
of law and j ihlic opinion exactly r-iiieid*
: aii-1 whenever t!ii- iv>ult i- s cured,
j?11v;.! iii'oii.?r:i.:i heroines unneec.varv alio
-ruiaitoii- in.-ult impossible. let the law
have its w; y : vi. it hi. d with hi i: the
murderer at the VeiV horn* o? the a.tar. aid
:et luin ijiif escap ; aid that proe.-s ol detvnoii.t.oii.
which heuin* in tint ".iiii-i:-u eriti.e.
V. Itl s);?*i-< 1 i 1 V 1-0 chlTrieil. Mitl eYe'.'V belli -i
>;i lit will 1m' ashamed t'. be 1 euiii.l w;tli a:. ih I'l'-niciit
of death about hi- |?? rsen. Jt Woiilj
Li-uii<l him as .? murderer at heart. Tiiipractice
i-an viii- concealed u*. :?}-i>ii
iM?.lt*. in some Way. in be rebuked. h ia
alaia upon n>. The }a-t -top is certainly tn
main* lmuiaii life si ute, ! v never .-i.!i'.'rii;_ it
to be taken with impunity. i?ut low bribed
aii i c.,rnipr iiirios are t.? be ileal: with. e\*e? j t
by the n-rauua! .! . -- .ruth. ci\ iiizati* >.
tu.J lv.i- a problem which I am i:re..nijiei'.'llt
to solve j'l i? - ; > ii
ruhtc.-s the evil, and it'v.'e e. :i ;! no l:n?l*e.
We can this day eleai:se our nV.n skirts ! v taking
siiaiile aim e tltUsii.n tn OUfM 1y. - ?.i;i :0uut
oi the libi.uii'li.'iir ini'|uitv The i\ ] < :;sincc
of'tiie mil l- mav t u vaii en 'b.l ; >
prayer tfki han' ('f
from iiwy ri 1
in_' tinoti the whole ( . nituonweal'I:.
1'roJti the X. V. !; ii <.!'< laiiitre".
RUSSIA UIsBEK jXTCIIOLAS.
The !:>t dav- >1* t:.< 11a.Aiexaii.n r
hi.- lite. Ci'ti-j.ifack baa b?.-.n formed in it.
'.r.iiV which tlll'e itelie.J tin nycl'throW ??t' hiivVeHiSi?e?it.
Ml a Wi iv auaeii iv ti at ! - ill*'.
Ailav b et been in t ruiiti* I mi .i?r?i v': e
titbr -ak. win n the unexpcu 1 i .v- anv.i i
J St. IVtelsbllVii ' tie r ; - dl'tul. Ill
I,a.I i:.e!"i:a!ci a a in trie v tn the 1 liana, be:
i.:l!t -.? eetii]>e:!v<l him ' > I'l tl; ec i sli } -. : i. i
lie 'lii '1 "i: tie.' .'hull NnVeji.bil* 1 at Ta_aiivni..
A- -iMii ; - the iuvlliveiuv of l.i b
;lh reached the e; vital. the liraiel MuS
Nicholas presented him-clf belore the Senate
in order tn take the oath of tilbytiaiiee te bibrother
Constantino. who wa-thetiat Warsaw.
A raekaye whie'i Alevr.inbvhad ! it in ehar.e
of the iinj.eriai cimm-il. ciidnrv ! with an rder
ill hi- i.wi. I.a e.i writlm: iliat it should be open-i
: a.i ...i ...... ......... t.tl,. 1
1 ?I III ? ! m.llll. 'i:v Iinu:ii\. u-\ an m
by i'liiice Eapuelrin and ? ii: 11?^ v ;ituiii three
documents: viz.. a written 'ion of 1110
riirht of siif.v?i??n K? the !lu*?ian cr? \vn !-\
t'on stain inc. iht: avuiic-CciK" vf A!-.xand?-r.
and a dc-tve dated \.u-_-n*t *JV 1 SL'"1 that M.-ho!a<
*!ioiiM ! . his>u?-c* -?. >r. (' ?<-ramI;:. ! hi
writt n i:i hi* lvntiiu-intnii vf the v a : --A*
f !aiu\v thru I p...--e*s ii.iili. r tii.. Inteliigcn .
taloiit ...I eiivVgy requisite for iho sovcivicu
diguity which 1 am entitled tj claim by birth.
I pray vour Imperial Majcsu to transfer it
next in ord-u after ine. that tU stability of
the kingdom am \ be -ectiicd " Nicholas,
nevertheless. refused to accept t!ie cr-uvn until
his brother *li-uld again give up his claim t-it
: and the >\ nab' the Imperial Council and
the holy Synod : !( the accustomed oath* of
fidelity to <'on-itaiitltie. until hi* will .*hould be
known. On the I'lthof Ih-cetnl,?er the rein ration
of his determination, confirming the decree
of Alexander, was received from Warsaw,
and eleven days afterwards, the Oraml I Hike
Nicholas became the tir*t Emperor of that
name.
The reign of Nicholas was inaugurated by
the nn-.*t formidable conspiracy with which the
Kussian throne has been threatened during
the present century. The elements of disorder,
which had been gathering to a head during
the last weeks of Alexander's life found a
vent two days after the accession of the new
Autocrat. On the 2(ith of December, when the
oath of allegiance was administered to the arniv.
several lvuiments rushed from their bar
r racks
to the .Senate House, crying 'Hurrah
for Constantinothe tumult rapidly spread
among the people, who were persuaded by the
revolutionists that Constantino had beeu cheated
out of his rights; and, but for the mora]
courage and cool determination of Nicholas,
! the lirst week of his rule would have been tlu
; last. The faithfulness of his Finnish troops,
and the timely use of artillery, in a few hour:
restored order in .St. Petersburg : but the re
i volution had also brokou out in the Souther?
i and Western army of the empire, and it wa:
; not until the insurgents had risked a batth
i the revolt was etl'ectually suppressed. Kigor
ous investigation was then made as to its an
i thors and at the end of tive months, one hun
] dred ami twenty persons were accu.-ed of par
' tieipation in it. and most of them were con
demned to the severest punishments. Of thest
i! 1... >wl ..1 f 11. i!,,. in i i
I ll\l" JUlllUtVI, HUM UlUIVU^u IUV muj'Vi",
I affected clemeucy towards the remainder, in
one was in reality over forgiven by him win
was known to have favored that insurreetion
Not only the soldiers engaged in it, but tin
regiments to which they belonged remaiuot
j to the last hour affected by the disgrace eonse
<j\ient upon the implacable hatred of the Iin
perial despot.
Nicholas was crowned at Moscow, on tin
.'>d September, 1^'JG, the (.! rand Duke Con
stumiue taking part iu the ceremonies, am
. ! contributing :ill n lib power to tlic popularity
| ?.f I.is brother. At the very moment of the
I enrnn:ition-festi':tie:; terriiori.il jewels ]: <,.
. i in;.' added by (Vent I Vicicw.'fol' to the in:p ri:!I
diadem. Tlv> ?-??u ol the \-rhah of Persia,
! who Jiii'l inva'Ifi (!<viv,:', driven fiv.in
I lii I . rt< i_.
; that proVtlKe, Ii1)! I'V mi- jn ;;.;..' oj I iiraiuaiii:
i i, lit:\I V* ;5r, trie Czar irsiitlI
! cil, hostile an inilLiHilicutioii of -i;;f?-cn 11>i>ii n
, | r?l'ilollav-\ t!iej?r| inn* of Kriwrm jti.l Xriei.it'
-fliiwmi.
England l:;ni,:ill*t -jciii the Dill:-: of
1 Wclliiivfon r.. it; ?nl> r to prevent tin*
yo.in- f'toiiia..;iki:ij flu fi-.-riM*;- -1tli?*t
. wfiii-h *vtin.-u f.a.lii.' .'..otWie^. ',i,' xci' it 11f 1
: l iivl:o). rlif juvf^f }'..i a ivli-iou oi asttlr:
. nil at tlo.- early *" ii'<i -Ni.-hola* ilttiriinlcl
fii.'.t the We-'oriitMVO! allOttM CXpSe."!'. ?-h'
li'jati; i!i?'?i.m'1v?u{[ > take under their pp'toe1
tioii. tvitli j 11 ?liTi?i<in, the in? tv>t?
f ('liiisti.nt y '.it! - Iv'.-t. lie t!i?l:ir."l. h.uv-;
'ever, lh.1t lie Votlli luVer permit the slij,t..>r
iiitei t'- ivtiee < t' aid f' r? iuii ]e.\v?-r with rh?.* atom
i f i lie h'US-ifc 1! ire rt-c It". Tie ;
l?r:it;'<l tivai\ Iff* KnvJaii'l. Fraiio ai.?i
Rii.--i:t, wlii.h was t'ul!'U*o<l '-y lie- hit;'- ( :'
vnrino, ;v:i> runc-iulnl ?.11 tin- ilili -i .ly.
iiiii! UH'I'1" rb ;'U?| * 'In- tuivr j-?w!
IT-. t In-t iv heeauic :: '.iii uu -in. T1: <r- 1
' aih :. iii t' tin- n< 1.-t'ul-!:i':t Fj.
tin.' -1.'i 111? I Vim-if tin- lIj-- ttva-!
tv al:' vtiii-.' h:> i.wn <.- ?iniii* :i<tin*
ix!.!ijU ?1 v, r which 1 rtnihai- u wit it ?!.. tr-'tiry
of A'l:iaii?'j?lc. .v!u?K-?! . )i '.In- 1 . >. i.t>
I..'.'!', I Wlril liit'i | I!i 1'1 i
.\>iat i./.i.'i''I'liu. a i?i a:
t Ji". tiiUMtcIJi '1 tif I ^ -h ? : }.;tn!. I lie
iiv.-.ty, ihc I /.ar 1' Id the 1 ' v*. htwi-ji
'!. i'aiiuti 4. ji.; 1'ruth. i?? Turli'-y. u!
ret. iin ti til.- .v.-n't mouth* i.f I', iiti!
: ! 1 t"?itiu- .\>i li uii'larv In- - 1 ;11:
tv 1 that tin 1 i; e-i.i'i ;r:l .*.? lu-raiM- i
iaf il. lin-ir fitt i..* i-?.n |!. h\ ; j [
,i? siriy i-iircl.
Tlu* v lv,1 v:-v f.v fti,.. '
Sit* evt rttlul in :!: r-. f .W:i ,!a,; the at-1
: :.t: .r. f tho .-ivllh v?- .! ; :.:trr. '-\ '
1 !<> th*. v.- : 4 r;| .1. f !:i- ir?\ an?l m.iv.r-.!
v:a: ath/ :;r u.-v ! f - n.-t unfri
,f i v..]' . Tl. i'-h-h
jcrltatui tit a-- itit ! . t'.. ?%tli f May. 1
' ii't * vr11? tit 111 iii! i'- in'-1 j c, i.',ttii-*.
;;.al lfi-tat." \v;.? ititv'i1' I *:i-t t:u- : T;:t.1
if. van:! -.1 :i'_ai!!*t *;:i : . .. *v;;> t. ..
' ,1 V
iti r;.iuv::t' " " ? 1 '
r. : . :i t _a.i . - <
?I rand i >u!:? l '< :<?' :i' ? '''fl * v
cape wilh Iti- Ii;? . ?"*?** - ee iiUi- -U"<---? :
I'.S^ !r . I vilify
, ' ecu | r-.-ervid am t:_- tin :/ .W der.-, it ; s: r
nit-'iroihor iiiij'.i.."'!.!.- that the re.-u't ?;* t*
v ;u:i. si mi_!i: have h en ui <v fu\"ra!.!,..?
Tin* -ri'.- ?t* . Wnw-!. i iw.
O-tioieiikn, nvi-r hit Mr-h -wit". a- w !i atin'
< Ir:ils?1 Pake ('"ii.?t.ilititi . ilit.il ft' fli bra
lil -i un. . lv'U. Weir. ll< ?W. Vol", f Jh W? ! 1 -V
ihf >t.:^t ft' War-aw. r-y Primv l'a.-ki"witeii.
It tiif '"'til and 7t:t i't > ptelm .*r. at u lilt* entire
.-nbju_at;'t. ?f th. Iviii?_?i.>i:t. S- v: earn.the
'lav- iiti-t r.* ;t ;err-r ?..r p r i' 1 iml.
and :t> ioltjf a- the "i Nidi la .-hail he
known. t!i?' diabolical i-riit !ty witiei: 1< ;iiirlt?*r
iz .1 a^ain-t the e >?ijtiere'l j a.-: :.? v;iii exc'te
it'.ifft r ami di-ju-t in the la-art- ? f: e.i. N<>t
tu .-peak <!' the iniiititU'h \> j v.\r? -fit' t >
Sil.'viia. the <?111 i.-??u11 i } iljf i.: .-at v.". -. \vc k
alter week, heard llpoU th. bodie""!' th- -e wile
rdu-t ! t" take tlie 'atit el ai'tcia lev, and hundred"
]- ri-h..d hy tlii- u.ii-ltte. 'it within a
U w uiiie- ' !" tile pal a t u lu te \ la- resided.
Iavt %\ I ill* lli'Vcl' LliNO fl I h.v'IVV I lie
? I?? !i i. ^ ?t I!i \\ |."v * Ji\ *.l ?% '.vi' ! } ? v i'
tieii .;t ho'iait 1, Wei'O >titli-il a-*>ieluih a:p<
?ilie hy th.. Ilus-ian covenant nt: h it citouJi
traittj livd fo r the w._.rkl to know that the history
.at* the.e Jay*, it* tilth written, would form
olie ot the bloodiest ami mo-t harrow urn pay OS
to tin. history "I the tiiiman rate
After the eun.'jUe-t of 1 Viand. Nicholas began
to threw a-ide the taa.-k wbli r-pirard to the
purpo-e lie had lone ehoiishcd against Turkt \.
and :t--umod towards the Sultan the tone of a
liiL'e hivd to hi- vassal. With the ex>?eption
of the strife in the C.iuea-us. iiussia enj-yved
peace, and lull leisure was triven t .? the Court
of St. IVtershurtr to plan the road t Constantinople"
for vhieh Catltarine I. I boasted she
had prepared the way. 1 luring the period from
the treaty of Vnkiar-Skeh?i, concluded on the
^th of July, lS'b). hy which the llussiaus gain
Oil Anapa ami th*? keys to the Caucasian mountains,
until 1*4^. strenuous efforts were also
maile by Nicholas for the social amelioration
of his people, for the consolidation of the Kmpirc.
to procure unity of religion throughout
l'uvsia, anil to establish eriuii *' and civil legislation
upon a higher and nioi just basis.?
llailroads were built, telegraph lines extended.
edicts concerning agriculture and for the bene
lit of the serfs were issued, commerce was en
conraged. and the general welfare of the Emi
pi re industriously eared for; but the dream of
1 Southern conquest was ucver lost sight of, and
; all the arts of Diplomacy were used to pave the
way for the acquisition of Turkey without mo1
lestation from the Western Powers. The jour.
. nev of the Emperor to England, in 1^44. is
; believed to have had this purpose for its end.
' Tu 1*41, the French revolution threw Eu'
rope into convulsions. When the news of tin
" j fall of Louis Phillipee reached the Czar, In
1 exclaimed to sonic officers of liis Guard whe
{ were present, ' Gentlemen, prepare to mount
wnr nlroadv foresaw that lilts
' siau interference would probably be requirei
to quell the disorders which were arising it
" the neighboring kingdoms. Tvven in Itussh
" a revolutionary plot was discovered, for parti
cipation in which twenty-seven conspirator:
1 were condcnied to death by a military couiinis
r sion. Their sentence was connnuted to pun
' | ishmcnts perhaps still more cruel. The tirs
J i event which caused the revolution outside o
his own territory was the outbreak in l>,ichur
2 j est, which he claimed the right to put/my 11 a
' Protector of the Principalities. S/ion utter
" j he was called upon by Austrjuf go assist i'
- j suppressing the revolution gary, th
I continuance of which would endangere
e j the peace of Poland, and w^ieflihe Czar, then
- i fore, had viewed with auxieB- and alarm11
Priuce Paskiuwitcb marched Bom triwau id
Iftinsrary. commenced operations in concert
with the A u.-rri:in army, and the result was the
- lrreiuh r l?y < l^uviicv to (ieneral Hudicrcr, on j!
ilii: 1 *?tli AnjnM, 1^4!', l?v which the intoari- j j
; ty of the \u-trian Kinpirowa* once more es- i
taVdishod. J i
After theclose of the I lunjnri.tn devolution, 11
no inttrl-.ed externa! event.- characterised the ; i
history ?.f Hu-ia, with the exception of in- i
ercnso.l tthrt.-1" -ub?liio tli ": mountainous trihes ! 1
nf t!i Cauen-ii- until, in ls">2, the diflferen- i ?
aro-e with retard lotlio Holy Plaets, l?- i i
twi-i.-u tin- Porte and the Christian Powers.? , I
**tieh a lnistiiulerstandin'jf had Iotm ht-uu thro- !
< e:i te, ti.c t'ziV, and hi- o\VU eoui>?: j, poin.'V j I
tiii!\ determined nil. j lie raUsion ul Prince ; t
Villi.-liil.-iili' in M a-ell. I >o:j, followed by the 1
invasion of the Priiicipalitie.- duriu.tr the sum- ! i
nier of thai y< ar, was no .-udden or haatv move- j;
laent lit iiupt-rial passion, but a part of a plan t
which had been matured for year- io the mind j i
NiehoI:i<. ft is not probable, however, that j i
he anticipated the strife with the rest of Ku- \
rope, in wliich his Kmpire \< involved; least
it all did he lu.>l" tni* the oiist.-n-li-s ho has met >
wirli IV'.ni tin- -iiie of Kiiuhmd and Austria.? jy
i lie p;-t of that '.uflii r i- well known ; what ;
it future wili be. and how tar it may be modi- | <:
l'.-d by ti i- i-haii'^i d n i tions whi'di the death . c
"I Xl'dt'ilas will create, is hidden hi* t!lC JiTes- , t
i out bv an impenetrable Veil. The ambition of. ?:
the he man who ha- *o recently and -udd'-n- J a
!y ]--i>d timm tin- world, has conjured a st?trin t
ali it.er Kurnj-e. tin-dr'nl.itimr effects of \vh:?.h , i
have be. ii I'el: by f.-nr nation*. and which l'
t!-.iv:" -i:> tn be a i*r<*liiif cause of disaster to i t
the .i !:/.( 1 Wnr!d. Tin* peaceful pr.iyre-* oi t
!.i- evil State- ha* u interrupted ; then^ri- i \
eu'.iur d liisti iet* of hi- empire have b en drain- 1 i
e<l 'if laborer-: it- eonnm-rce ha* been anni- }
hi!- te 1. di-aifei :'.. !! ha* civ-Wii up anions his '
*:ibjf?t? : ni; ! hi* own death may have been i t
e.iU-ed by vtl-pirat .: *, who r? ?rt? d to a.-*::-- 1
-imniui a* a de-pi-nte rnm dv atrain-t a .-ui- s
< i-la! national t !: ".*. Tl. pr? -i i.f war has :
u.ht with it d jj'ral'e to tii,; Al- t
Ii, 1 I' w. : 1 *.. they nro smalh inured with *
tin- , wliich have i> -tilted t? -ia herself. i (
and i:i all pr- ! ability, it cannot eh -e. whether i
ii"W i>r at -"ti.e future [ cried, without end;- '
tv n involving li. r humiiatioti an ! tin. d? -true- t
:: -a of 'he hope- with which it ori;.mated. 1
i*. r.; the I! no Ji nrtaib | ,
- -T?ru-vnn HAS TO SAY. *;h
ivt -r lias -e.-n many traveller* on me
' v ad. and bn>u;hr many hack who had fairly
-t ;rt)d*<?n t?v-& V.W> 'crf reuew a^ain the intcv?-ts
?.t lite ; while .some, in spite of all hi.- en
dcav'.r*. have eotio on in tne journey to cternitv.
It i* a hard th.intr to crive up?inset
aside all th- hope* and a.-pirations. and dis;:
-i. : . i t* *1.:
>->:ve in im* inier*. sis iiiid coumjcuuus ui hi:*
cxi-tciK-n. to l'o honor. and commence- a new
Ijcint; in a world ot' which we know little of"
the and -lvid .-w<.
, I lew th heart heats, and the pulse throbs,
a* the Pv.'T admits that he h.?s failed in his
i emit tvor* t- stay the progress of the car that
h: -ton* <u? to the unknown w -rhl! IIow much
w ?u!d be iriven at this moment for a reasonable
hope of life ? I low ^A-kly would all
th.it Yiv has *;ru'_":i -d for. be '.riven up fertile
certainty <>f a return to health ??to balance ]
the account with d* ath. Hut it i* of no use ;
IVath i* inAxorabb\ and must come out con<jU*
ror with u* all at last.
W hat a .-'.raiiiicK infuriated brin^ inau i* 7
h-.w he t.'i!< Mid *tni-.'-ile- tor this exigence ?
lu-w iiiiich h> h-\ * tip lbr iHi- short life, and
how little to i into that future woi'd which
i* ctvinit;. II .v, ca;j-".!\ tin- master '_pa*; tin
r. ward.* ihe hiivliim * toil and how im*
1 el-ativi-ly ! dictates to tho*e who live for tin
pjv*?.-ut bv hi - suifrayi s! W itli wliat lordly
slop* lit-1leads upon (be soil lie calls his own, j
and how independently he refers to the trea*
sine Uiidt.r hi* control. and w-t. the meanest
, {' Ids *ubjcct arc r.otl-. .: dependant thou he
."ro-.'Uer or later /< ., too. inu.-t own to a master,
who*e spent is old Time, and some day he !
I will present hi? account, when there will be ,
, no putting it ' It'. Neither lands iu?r gold will
: satisfy him. Then he will be told that he was
but a tenant?that his boasted possessions ;
were not h's?that they %ust 1 ? left behind !
for those that come alter him. Well will it
be with him then if he can look back upon '
i a life of good deeds?a life of charity, of be- :
, iievolence, of kindness, of humility. These
are treasures which are transferable to another
world, lie may have kept no account of J
them, may have forgotten all, but they have
not been forgotten of him. Kternity is a men- ;
; ial existence, where even thing is remember- !
ed forever and ever, and poor indeed is lie
who has no record of good deeds treasured up
i " 1
there.
1 How strangely insignificant do seem -'all
i things here below" when we come to look .
back at that last hour, when about to emerge :
.' into the unseen future, and yet how hard it j
is to realize the fact until that hour comes!
It is a strange world this ! and a hard!
hearted world to many. Yet it is not the
1 dviuir man onlv that relents; there are gener- j
. ous impulses and noble deeds recorded of
many?of the very many. Often the hand is !
unfolded to the needy, and the heart yields
up its sympathies to the afflicted. Maukiud
i arc not thoughtless of the future, nor are they
iudiCerent to the less fortunate, us they seem
)' i J
_ . to be.
_ i "Within every heart there is a spring which
j gushes forth in a stream of good impulses; it
, ui;:y be buried bv the outward covering?hid
t by external circumstances?yet nature has
established it there, and it is seldom that it is
^1 so entirely dried up, but that, by proper en
deavors, it may be opeued afresh. The doctor
ha< seen all this many times, and learned
? from dying men to be charitable,
f! The .secrets of life may be withheld from
. all others, to at last be unfolded to him whose
s dutv is onlv to minister unto the body. When
, j "the flesh is weak the spirt is willing," then
1 1 it is that human nature puts on its best robes
e 1 ?clothes itself as best it can for eternity.?
d Would to God that it did not so frequently
!- ' put it off to tl^nt last hour?till the dawn of
- that eternal day breaks upon the vision to re[o
i veal to the miud the darkness of this day of lile.
HOW PEOPLE GET COLD.
Not by tumbling into the river ami dragglitiir
home wet as a drowned rut ; uot by being
pitched inlotlie mud, or piled out in the snow
in sleighing time; not by being soaked in the
rain ; not by walking for hours over shoe top in
mud: not by soaking in the rain without an
iihibrolla; nut by scrubbing tlie floor until the
itnnanieable stick- to you like a wet rag; not
by hoeing potatoes until you are in a lather of
woat; not by trying to head a pig in inid winer.
and induce him to run the other way, for
ic won't do any such thing: not by steaming
iver the wash tub; nut by essaying to teach
fJiddy how tu niaki-tiiinee pics for Christmas,
rcht-n y.-u don't know yourself in a perspiration
mcattse the pies stuck to the pan and came out
n n mass, forgetting that pie-pans, like people,
ire rather better for greasing, alias soft soap ;
hese arc ur?t the things which give people
olds; and yet people are all the time tolling
i- how they eattght their death by expos
\.
Tin- timk tor ("/.Xjii/ i (jhly m after your
/v/s. tin i1 LACE /s ti\j/onr OH'ti house, or ojhi,
or rouutiii</ holier\
It is hut the act of exorcise which gives the
rolJ, but it is the gettiugVold too quick after
tscreising. For cx.'tuplc Vou walk very fast
o get tu the railroad station, or to the ferry,
?r to catch an omnibus, or ti make time for an
Lppointmcut; your mind being ahead of you,
lie body makes an over effort to J;eep up with
t, and when you get to the\dcsired spot you
ai-e your hat and lind yourself in a pcrspiruiun:
you take a seat, and feeling quite couu
"ortable as to temperature, you begin to talk
viih a friend, ?>r if a New Yorker, to read a
ie\v>paper. and before you arc aware of it.
? u experience a sensation of chilliness, and
/?" th /Vy U </o if. you look around to sec where
he cold comes from, and find a window open
tear you. or a door, or that you have taken a
ieat at the forward part of the car, aud moving
igain.-t the wind, a strong draft is made through
In- crevice*. < ?r may he you met a friend at
ro< t corner, who wanted a loan, and was quite
nmpliuiontary, almost loving; you did not
ike to be rude iu the delivery of two motiosyl ibles.
and while you were contriving to be
ruthful, pt?lite and safe, all at the same time,
n comes the chilly feeling from a raw wind
:t the street corner, or the slosh of mud and
,rater in which, for the first time, you noticed
roursclf standing.
Young ladies take their colds in grandly
warm enough were" met, ai.tosi
th - gay stree t wicW. and #; parlor felt
comtuitablv cool ut hr.-t. but the lu-.
,u . uangie satisfactorily, and
wliile compelling it, (young ladies now a days
make it a poiut of principle not to be thwarted
in anything. n--t even in wedding rich Tom to
please the old folks, when they love poor Pick,
and intend to please themselves,) while conquering
that beautiful but unruly curl, the visitor
makes an unexpected meeting with a chill
which calls her to the grave.
I cannot give further space to illustrations
to arrest the attention of the careless, but will
la iterate the miucirde for the thoughtful and
A. 1 0
observant :?
ft ft (.' .> <>L Slowly.?After any kind ofexivcise.
J'l not a moment at a street corner
for any hotly or any thing?nor at an open
floor window. When you have been exerei-iii'a
in any way whatever, winter or summer,
go houio at once, or to some sheltered place,
and liou wer warm the room may seem to be,
do not pull off your hat and cloak, but wait
awhile, some five minute.:- or more, and lay
aside oil" at a time; thu- uctiue, a void is impo-sibl.
. ?
- -
AN ANECDOTE.
My Woithy friend, Wiliiam \. Payne, of
. was for many year* a most worthy and
excellent toucher of vocal music. When he
wa- fjuite u young man, lie was teaching a
singing-school in one of the nighboring towns,
which was attended by a large number of
young persons, iueluding many from the most
respectable families. Among the females was
a lovely \ouug htu\ oi twenry years or age, i
named Patience Adams. Miss Adams made
a strong impression upon Mr. Payne, he lost
no time in declaring his attachment. Miss A.
reciprocated his affections, and the consent of
the parents being obtained, an engagement
was the quick result. .Just as Mr. P.'s attentions
became public, and the fact of an engagement
was generally understood, the school
being still in continuance and all parties on a
certain evening being present, Mr. Payne,
without any thought of the words, named as
a tune for the commencing exercise, Federal
Strict, page 73, in the excellent collection of
church music at that time just issued, but now
everywhere known. The Carmina Sacra.?
Every one loved Patience, and every one entertained
the highest respect for Payne; and
with a hearty good-will on the part of the
school, the chorus commenced :
" .See gentle Patince smile on Paine,
See (lying hope revive again."
The coincidence was so striking, that the
gravity of the young ladies and gentlemen
could scarcely be restrained long enough to
get through the tunc, and as soon as it closed,
! bright countenances and sparkling eyes "told
| the whole story," as Dr. Hall would say. The
beautiful young ludv was still more charmins
* < * O
with her blushiutr cheeks and mudesrlv past
c - - J
i down eyes, while the teacher "*as so exceedingi
ly embarrassed, he knew not what he did.?
I Hastily turning over the leaves of the book,
1 his eye fell upou a well-known tune, and he
called out l'Jbd page, L)under. The song began
as soon as suilicieut order could be re!
stored, and at the last line of the following
: stanza rose to a climax :
"Let not despair nor fell revenge
Be to my bosom known;
Oh ! give me tears for other'? woes,
And Patience for my own.''
Patience was already betrothed ; she wasir
fact, his; and in about a year afterwards the]
became man and wife.
Then gentle Patience smiled on Payne,
And Payne had Patience for his own.
It is pleasant to be able to add that the]
still live ; four little pleasant Paynes hav<
been added to the family, which is one of th<
happiest to be found in this beautiful world.
COST OP FENCING.
.)//*. Editor:?The appearance in your hsuo
of the 17th ult., of an article on the (4co?t
of fencing plantations," was at this particular
time most apropos. Not a reader of your journal
in the district, nay not even in the State,
but that feels most sensibly the truths contained
in that article.. The writer, whom we
suppose to be oue of the editors of the Southern
Cultivator, from his signature, fully understands
the immense expense, but does uot
know the prime cost of enclosing a'field f >r
cultivation. Ask the farmers and planters of
our district what it costs to keep the several
plantations well fenced against the intrusion
of their own and other owners' stock, most of
which are turned out to hunt their food or clie
of starvation, and we venture not one of thorn
could tell within half what it costs. Southern
planters generally maul their rail and build
their fences at a time when they suppose nothing
else could be done. The cotton crop be
iug picked aud packed, and the corn hoiused,
a new ground" must be cleared from ancestral
custom; in clearing this the rai's are
made, and the fences built at no loss but time,
and time to such men is of 110 value. Wore
this same tract of woods land allowed to remain,
aud its surface well scraped and cleared
of its trash to make manure, thousands of impoverished
acres might be reclaimed, and our
beautiful forests left standing as pasture
ground for the owner's stock.
As fences are built during the winter season,
when planters do not think it profitable to
keep their plows, and those too of the subsoil
kind, running, and many of them are altogether
ignorant of the method and value of making
manure, clearing lands and mauling rails is a
necessary alternative to employ the hands on
a plantation, hence its cost is regarded inconsiderable.
But when, after such a dry winter
as we have had, there happens so universal
and destructive a fire as has lately visited our
State, and almost the entire South, and this
too, in the very beginning of the planting season.
each laud owner will appreciate fully the
ffillnWiMir tiiimnifirv cu11 Vi tr.i vnirrw^t :IS 1110
prime cost of fencing a field for cultivation.
We will select a square field of 36 acres,
0 acres on either side. The length of a fence
to enclose such a field would be 5,040 feet,
or nearly one mile. Now a rail fence seven
rails high (which is too low to be certain protection^
will average one rail to the foot, hence
it will require 5,040 rails to build the fence.
A hand that will maul 125 rails one day with
self. It will ^ conts a day, finding him-a
Vow&- 1'i"1
52.50 per hundred, or 8126 for the 5,040.?
Hauling the rails, and building the fence, we
suppose would be worth 820. Hence, the cit>
tire cost of cutti jg the timber, mauling tKe
rails, and finishing the fence, be 8176. /We
consider this estimate a fair one, or believe the
fouce the most expensive that can be built.
The writer here makes a calculation of the
relative costs of the worm, post and board fence,
and shows, with considerable force, that the
latter is the cheaper plan. After this he concontinues
:
Mr. Kditor, for one we are opposed to either
ot the above fences around our cultivated
lands, and firmly believe it should be required
of every owner of stock to pasture them upon
his enclosed, while his cultivated lauds
were left entirely open. To enclose hogs, some
sort of close fence would be required, but let
each hog raiser select that for himself. To
enclose cattle or horses nothing is required more
than a row of posts from twelve to fifteen lect
apart, with two or three courses of strong wiie
winning through them The worm fence, r :
well as the ditch and bank fence, arc further
more expensive, because they occupy about
one acre of every forty which they enclosed
We tru>t our Legislature will, before they
build many more State Houses, turn their *ttention
to this necessary want of far the larger
portion of the ?State Yuurs respectfully,
Monticello
P. S. We selected the thirty-six acre tield
merely as an average in size among our fields,
believing that where there are ten larger, there
are fifteen smaller, and hence more expensive
j to enclose.
Value of Different Feeds for Pigs.
?Fattening on crude or dry graiD is not good
management; it will sometimes cause death by
swelling in the stomach, which indeed, it sometimes
bursts after eating to excess; it should
always be soaked if given as grain?much better
to grind it. If made into malt, all the better.
Barley bread or cake, soaked in milk or
whey, is said to be unsurpassed for efficacy in
fattening. Bean-meal fattens rapidly, but
makes the bacon hard and "crunchy." Indian
meal fattens very quickly, and makes
solid, firm, good bacon. Barley-meal is superior
to either, and produces excellent quality
in the bacon. Pea-meal, mixed with whey or
milk, fattens young pigs admirably, and produces
the best quality of pork. Wheat-meal:
this is too expeusive, and only the coarsest
kind is used ; it will fatten freely, but the
meat is light and flabby. Oat-meal fattens
satisfactorily, and produce the most df'.ieate
meat as to flavor. Tare-meal, a mes.l from
Tares?is similar to Bean-meal, but not equal
to it in efficacy. Linsced-meal fattens very
rapidly in mixture with other meal, but makes
the bacon oily and flabby. Acorns and Beechmast
are good for store pigs, but fatten very
slowly and never well. Acorns produce good
firm bacon; but the bacon from Bccchmast
feeding is coarse and flabby, with unsound
. oily fat. JJran, pollard, and seeds of weeds
are very slow fatteners.?Ay. Gazette.
|^"An exchange mentious hearing an address
from one of " the strong minded," and
i says :?? She made sonic good hits, but not a
; very strong ease, aud tipped over all her arguments
for woman's independence of the other
sex, by passing a man's hat to take up the collection."
1 What boxes govern tho world ? The car2
tridge box, the ballot box, the jury box, aod
the band box.
' i