The tri-weekly news. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1865-1876, December 08, 1866, Image 1
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MESSAGE
OF THE
'1lESIDENT'OF THE U. STATES
TO THE
Two Houses of Congress. at the Com
mecuomont of the Second Session.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senats
aud House of Relpresentativcs.
After a brief interval the Congress
of the United States resumes its an
nual legislative labors. An all-wise
and. merciful Providence has abated
the pestilence which visited our shores
loaviu& the calamitous traces upon
8ome portions of our country. Peace,
order, tranquility, and civil authority
have been formally declared to exist
throughout the. whole United States.
In all of the States civil authority has
superseded the coercion of arms, and
the people, by their' voluntary action,
are maintaing their governments in full
activity and complete operation.
The enforcement of the laws is no
longel' "obstructed- in any Stato by
combinations too powerful to be sup
pressed by the ordinary course of judi
cial proceedings ;" and the animosi
ties engendered by the war are rapid
ly yielding to the beneficent influences
of our free institutions, and to the
kindly effects of unrestricted social
and conme}cial intercourse. An en
tire restoration of fraternal fooling
must be the 'arnest wish of every pa
triotic heart ; and we will have ac
complished our grandest national
auhievement when, forgetting the sad
events of the past, and remembering
only their instructive lessons, we re
sume our 'onward career as a free,
~prosperous, and united people.
In my message of the 4th Decm
bor, 1865, Gongross was informed of
the measures which had been .nstitut
cd by the Executive with a view to the
gradual restoration of the States in
which the insurrection occurred .to
their relations with the General Gov
ernment. Provisional Governors had
been appoitod, Conventions called,
Governors elected, Legislatures as
sembled, and Representatives chosen
to the Congress of the United States,
Courts had been opened for the en
forcoinent of laws long in abeyance.
The blockade had been removed, cus
ton-houses re-established, and the in-.
ternal revenue laws put in force, in
order that the peoplo might contrib
ute to the national income. Postal
operations had been renewed, and e$t
fo:'ts were being made to restore them
to their former condition of eflicioney.
P The States themselves had been
asked to take part in the high fune
tion of amending the Constitution,
and thus sanctioning the extinction of
African slavery as one of the legiti
mate results of our internecine strug
gle.
Having progressed thus far, the
Executive Department found that it
had accomplished nearly all that was
within the scope of its constitutional
authority. One thing, however, yet
remained to be done before the work
of restoration could he comploted, and
that was the admission to Congress of
loyal Senators and Representatives
from the States whose Ileople had re
belled against lawful authority of the
General Government. This question
devo ed upon the respective Houses,
whie by the Constitution, are made
.th ngo of the elections, return.,
5and quahiOcations of their own mem
beri .ar its consideration at once
enI e attention of Cong~ress.
Inte meantime, the Executive
Dephartment-no other , plan having
been proposed by Congress-contin
Snqd its efforts' to perfect, as far a~s was
practioble, the restoration of the pro
per relations between the citizens of
the respective States, the States, and
the Federal Government, extending,
~from time to time, as the public inter
oefte seemed to require, the judicial,
;reven. i, and postal sy'stemia of the
couuatry. With the advice and gon
saonto.of the S enate, the necessary offi
eoms were appointed, and appropria
tiens made by Congreis for thie pay;
meat of their salanies. The- proposi
tion to amend the Federal Constitu
tion, so as to prcvent the existence c
slavery within the Ilnited States o
any place subject to their jurisdictioi
was ratified by the requisite nubntle
of States ; and on the 18th day of De
comber, 1865, it was officially declau
ed to have becomto vAlied as a part c
thd Constitution of the United State.
All of these States in which the insut
rection had existed pr,'iptly amende,
their Constlt.itiotls, so . to make thei
conform to the great change thus '
fected in the organic law of the land
declared null and void all ordintance
anid laws of secession ; repudiated al
pretended debts and obli:ations crea
ted for the revolutionary purposes a
the insurrection ; and proceeded, ii
good faith, to the'enaetment of tmea.
arcs for the protection and ameliora
tion of the condition of the colorec
race. Congress, however, yet hesitai
ed to admit any of these States to re
presentation ; am{tl it was not until tih
close of the eighth month oi' the se"
sion that an exception was made in. fa
vor.of Tennessee, by the admission c
her Senators and Itepresentatives.
Ideem it a subject of profound rc
gret that Congress has thus far faile
to admit to seats loyal Senators an
Representatives from other State,
whose inhabitants, with those of Teti
nessee, had engaged in- the rebellior
Ten States-more than one-fourth c
the whole numhor--remain withou
representation ; the seats of fifty mom
bers in the House of Representatlve
and of twent7 members in the Senat
are yet vacant-not by their own con
Pen.t, not by a failure of election, bu
by 'the refusal of Congress to accop
their credentials. Their atd mission, I
is believed, would have aocomplishe
much towards the renowal an,
atrengthoning of our relations as on
people, and removed seriot.ca,o,fo
discontent on'the part of the inhabi
tants of those States. It would hav
accorded with the great princilu
enunciated in the Declaration pf Atue
rican Independence, that no peopl
ought to bear the burden of taxatiot
and yet be denied the right of repr
tentation. It would have been in con
sonance with the express provisions c
the Constitution, that "each State shal
have at least one Representative,
.td "that no State' Wit'.out its consent
3hall be deprived of its equal sufrag
in the Senate." Those provision
wvere intended to secure to every State
ald to the people of every State, th
right of representation in each Ilous
)f Congress; and so important was i
leemed by the framers of the Consti
ution that the equality of the- State
in the Senate should be preservet
hat notcven by an anenddment of th
Donstitution can any State, withou
ts consent, be denied a voice in tha
branch of the Natio'nal Logiolature.
It is true, it has been assumed tha
he existence of the States was terni
iated by the rebellious acts of thei
nhabitants, and that the itsurrectio1
aving been suppressed,, they wer
;henceforward to be considered merel
is conquered territories. The Legia
ative, Executive, and Judicial De
)artmonts of the Government have
iowever, with i great distinctness an
inifirnt consistency, refused to sane
ion an assumption so incompatibl
with the nature of our republican sys
emtand with the professed objects u
he,ar. Throughout the recent legis
a1tioin of Congress, the undeniabl
not imakes itself apparenlt, that thies
~on politicail commlunities are nothin
ess thtan Statps of this Union. A
hie very commnencemnent of the rebel
ion, each IHouse dleclaredl, with
unanimity as remarkable as it was sig
aificant, that the war wAs not "wageod
upon our part, in any spirit of opprem
tion, nor for any purposo of conque
or subjugation, nor purpose of over
throwing . interfering with tile right
or established institutions of tros
Btates, but to defond and maintal
the supremacy of the Conmstit:ution An
all lawsa made in pur uance therco
andI to preserve the Union tvith all th
dignity, equiality,. and rights of th
several States unimpaired; and the
as 800n as these obioota" woro k'aoco
plished the war ought to cease." In
f sote instances, Sclaators were permit
r ted to continue their legislative func
, tions, while in other inetnnces Repre
r sentatives were elected tid i dmitted
to seats after their States had fornally
declared thcir right to withi-raw from
f the Union, and were endeavoring to
Maintain that right by forcn of aruts.
All of the States whose peoP(c were In
a insurrection, as States, wgrt included
n idi the apportionment of tht! direct tax
of twenty millions of doliats annually
laid upn the United Sta$es by the
e act approved 5th August, 18 11. Con
I gress, by the act of March 4, 1862,
- and by the apportionment ofrepresen
f tation thereunder, also 'ecognized
a their presence as States in t1 Union;
and they have, for judicial. urposes,
. been divided into districtsAa{ States
_ alone can be divided. .* 'li ojsnine re
cognition appears in thb r4 t legis.
- .lttion in reference to Tenniee, which
evidently rests upon the fao% that the
ftinctioas of the State were no destroy
- ed by , the rebellion, but int ly sus
f pended ; and that principle is of course
applicable to those States witiph, like
Tentessee, attempted to renounce tb. ?r
places in the Union. t
J The action of the Executive :epArtment
of the Governaent. upon this subjuct hap
been equally dhfinite and uniform; and tho
purpose of the war was speifioall .stated
in (he l'roeldnation issued by my ede:es,
sor on the 22d day of Sept enber. 62. It
t wis then solemnuly proclaimed and deolared
that '"hore:ftor, as heretofore,.the *ar will
be prosecuted for the objuot ofpratlcally
restoring the constitutional relation -be
tw en the United States and eaofof the
States and the people thereof, in:.which
,t States.that. relation is or may be ulpende4
t or disturbed,"
t Tho recognition of the States by the Ju
dicial Department. of the Governtase;has
also- beenc clonr and- conclusive in slltro
ceedings tfceting them na Stats - Iird in
0 the. Suprbas, irgsiu. nd4 aDit06i 111.
r In the admisfon of $na{ors and Iterre.
. sentatives front any and all of the States,
there chn be no justgroutul of apprehension
tlia. persons who are disloyal will be cloth
o el with the powers of legislation; for this
could qot happen when tie Constitution
o and the laws are enforced by a vigilant and
faithful Congress. Each House is made
tle "judge of the elections, ieturns. and
qualifidations of its own members," and
tmay, "with ehe concurrence of two-tllirds,
excel a netnber." When a Senator or
1 Representative presents his certificate of
' election, he may at mnce be admitted or
rajected ; or, should there be any question
as to his eligibility, his credentials may ba
e referred for investigation to the appropri
8 aio committee, it admitted to a seat, it
, must bE upon evitlence satisfactory to the
H louse of which he thius becomes a member,
e that possesses the .requieiuu constitutional
and legal ganlifieations. If rgfused admis
sion as a meotber for wautof due allegiance
- to rhie (overnwent, and' returned to his
s constituents, they are admonished that
none but persons loyal to the United States
t will be allowed a voice in the Legislative
C.innils Oof tlo Nation, and the political
power and moral intluence.-of Congrestr are
t thus effectively exerted in tie interests of
loyalty to the Governument - and fidelity to
the Union Upon .this 'qnestion-, so vitally
affecting the restoration6of the Union and
the premanoncy of one present for of
r gove"rnm ent, my convictions, heretofore
i expressed, have undergone uu change; but,
en the contrary, thpir correceuss has been
cunfirmaed by relection and tine.. Ifthe
admaission of loyal members to seats in the
respective houses of Congress was wise and
- expedient a year ago, it is no less wise and
expedient now. If this anomalops condition
1 is right now-if, in the exact time, it is
lawful to exclude thet from representation,
I fu not spe t hat the question will be chang
0 ed by the ef}lux of tii;e. Te'n years hence,
- if these States reinain as they are. the rixht.
f of representation will 6e no stronger-the
right of exclusion' will be no weaker.
i.. T.he Constitution of the. United tal s
a makes it the duty of-the President to recemt
mend to the -contsideration of .Congress
' '-such mneasured as lie shall judge necessary
t or* expedientt." .I knto' or no measure wore
- imnperatively denianded by every conaldera
a lion in national interest, soutnd policy, and
.equal justice: than (ihe alimission of loyal
.members from the now unt'epresented
SSt aes This wouhit consummateo the work of
resteration, and ekert a most salutary In.
t (luence in. thme re-establishment of peace,bar
-mony, and fra'lrnal feelinig. It wottid
Stend gre.atly to renew the coundence of the
eAmerican people, in the' vigor and stability
of their mnsttutions. It, would bind us
n more closely togethpr aa santiint, .and
d enable us to show to theworld the Inherent
I', and reduperative power' of a Government
e founded upon the will -of the , people, and'
est abmlisl upon the principles of liberty.
0justice, 'and Intelligence. Our increased
strength and enhance I prosperity wiould
L., irrfagLni.ly demonstrata u-.ha fallany of the'
arguments against free institutions, drawn
froni our recent national disorders, by the
enemies of republican government The
admission of loyal members from the States
now excluded from Congress, by allaying
doubt and apprehension, would turn capi
tal, now awaiting an opportunity for invest
ment, into tIhe channels of trade and indus"
try. It would alleviate the present troub
led condition of those States, and, by induo
ing emigration, aid in the settlement of
fertile regions now uncultivated, and lead to
an increased production of those staples
which have added so greatly to the wealth
of the nation and the commerce of the world.
New fields of enterprise would be opened
to our progressive people, and soon the
devastations of war would be repaired, and
all traces of our domestic differences effaced
from the minds of our countrymen.
In bur efforts to preserve "the unity of
Government weich constitutes us onme peo
ple," by restoring the States to the condi.
tion which they held prior to tLe rebel10on,
we should be cautious, lest, having rescued
our nation from perils of th:eatened disinteg.
ration, we resort to consolidation, and in
the end absolute despotism, as a remedy for
the recurrence of similar troubles. ''he
war having terminated, and with it till occat
sion for the exercise of powers of doubt faIl
constitutionality, we should hasten to bring
legislation within the boundaries prescrib.
ed bp the Constitution, and to return to the
ancient landmarks established by our fat h..
ersfortheguidanceof succeedinggoneralions
"The Constitution which at any time exists
untileihanged by an explicit and authentic
act of the whole people, is sacredly obliga
tory upon all." "It, in the opinion of' the
people, the distrilttiou or modification
of the donstitutional powers be, in iny
particular, wrong, let it be corrected by an
amendment ia the way in which the Consti
tution designates. But let there be no
change by usurpation; for" "it is the cus
tomary weapon by which free Governments
are destroyed." Washington spoke these
words to his countrymen, when, followed
by their love and gratittude, he volautnr-ily
retired .rom the cares of public life. "To
keep in all things within the pale of our
oonetitutional powers, and cherish the
Federal Union as the only rock of safety,"
were prescribed by Jefferson as rules of
action to ejtJear tq his "countrymen the
tre principles of their Coastitution, and.
promote, a union of sentiment and action
squally auspicious to their happiness and
safety." Jackson held that the action of
the General Government should always be
stricty confined to the sphere of its appro
priate duties, and justly and forcibly urged
hat our Government is not o be maintain.
ed nor our Union preserved 'by invasions
of the rights and powers of the sevorPl
States. In thus attempting to uiake our
Qeneral Government strong, we make it
weak. Its true strength consists in leaving
indisiduals and States as much as possible
io themselves; in making itself felt, not in
its power, but in its protection ; not in
binding the States more closely to the cen
Ire, but leaving each to move unobstructed
in its constitutional orbit.'{ These are the
teachings of men whose deeds and services
have made them illustrious, and who, long
mince withdrawn from the scenes of life,
have left to tlreir country the rich legacy
of their exaumple, their wisd.im, and t heir
patriot+ism. Drawing fresh inspration from
their lessons, let us emulate them in love
of country and respect for the Constitution
and the laws.
The report of the Secretary of the Treas
ury affords much information respecting
Lite revenuc and commerce of time country.
His views upoti the currency, and with
reference to-a proper adjustment of our
revenue system, internal as well as impost,
are commended to t,he careful consideration
of Congress. In my- last annual message I,
expresed my general views upon these
subjects. I need now only call attention to
te necessity of carrying inte every depart
ment of the Government a system of rigid
accountaleility, thorough,retrenchment, and
wise economy. With no except'onal nor
unmusual expenditures, the oppressive bur
dens of taxation can be lessened by such a
modification of our revenne law$ as wil4 be
consistent with the public faith, and-the le
gitimate and necessary wants of the Govern
tment:
The report presents a mcht more sat
isf'actory condition of our fiuance~s than
oneo year ago pho most eangtuinie cotuld
have anticipated. Durimng tiht tiscal year
etnding the 30t.h Junoi, I1865, Limo last,
year of the war, time publip debt wvas ini
creased $941,902,537. and oni the 31st
of October, 1865, it amounted to $'2,
74d,854,650. Ot4he 3lsmt of October
1106, it, hmad been reduced to $2,25i9.
310,006, the diminution, during a period
of fourteen months, coimmnencing Seup
toNmr 1, 1866, and ending October 31,
1860, having been $206,379,665. Inm
the last annual report an tihe state oftC ho
finances, it was estimated.that during t.hfe
three-quiartm-s of tihe niocal year endhi-ng
the 09th of -Junte last, the.de'bt, would be
increased. $112,194,947. During t hat
period, however, it, was .teduced $31,'
1916,387,, the seceipts of.the ye*; having
a
diLturoe 100,529,2:5 Iess than the P.Si
mates. Nothing conl imore elc:arly
indicate than these stateinents the ex
tent. and availabilitV of the national .
resource. and the rapidit v anol safery
with which, uinder ouir foe mI of !"oven i
ment , great nmilitarv a.1 tiaval es':t,
lishmenits can be disbanded. :ndi exlpe:..
ses reduced from a war to a peace iot
mug. .
Diing the fiscal year ctui lteoih
of June, 1:86t, the r"-'tilpt: w1i"8:lc
032,020, and thc: expecn<itinres 65'11
750. 10, leaing:l an avlail.I! le sorpih;o of
$37,281, ;80. It is ctirm- -d that tLe
receipts for the fiscal year:n ending t! t"
30th e nne, 1807, will. he a 175,u( I .:;Ht:,
at!d- that the Iexpendtitutre w;till ren, 1 thu
mii of $310, t2a,ll78, :vimri' in till
T'reasurv a surllus of M18;,,::;,i.
For the fiscal year ending June ::Ori,
18t;8, it is estimiated that. thn n-eir)s
will alonlt, to %1: 1,000,000, and t i t
the xpendtiies Vill be S50,24i,. I1,
-showiing an ex'cess of *85,75'-.2,36;a in
favor of the .Uoverline"nt. Th'es, eti.
mated recei:,ts may ,b" .h"inisi,hed by a
redtei0on ofN Ci e 'd import. dnt.ie:,
bt, after all n('Cessary rednetion., shall
have bett mni:d" lie rev'nne of th(;
pe'(!:aent and of f'}llowing, year:; w11
do,ubtless he snfleit!nt to covrr :1i lrglti
imate charge.: nn th e Trea.Tsury, and
leav a ge a nnual ,urphis t( ho a p.
pled -o the payment of the principal of
the debt. ltre sit"S11 now to bu no
good reason wiy taxis ttay not he re
duced:i as the conntry :!tlvances in popln
lation and wealth. and vet the It ht. h1
extingnished witti'l the next qartl'ter of
a century,
'hie report of the Secretary of W-ar
furnishes valiable and important, infor
niatioin in referentce tt the operat ions of
his Department, dolingi the pa , year.
Few volunteers now remain in th sr.
vice, and they are beinig tli.ct gi;:ed a.;
rapidly as they can he replaced by regit.
lar troops. The amnly has hi. en prinp3y . -
paid, carefuly 'provide,i withi nitl':I
treat 1ient, Wvelf sheltered and 'sihsici,
and is to be inr nislied with breech load.
tug small arms. Th itlitary strentgihb
of the nation h:s been nWimpaired lby
the dist harge of vol ulnteers, the dispost i
lion of tnserviceible or perishahle ,it ores.
aied the entreint;hin'ent of exi-enihlture.
Sufl'eient war mrateri:lI to ineet atlv
emeigency liar bec'n retainmed, a11d, froutn
the" hisuded r~olintecrn standling retady
to rvspoti to the ntional call, -hitage:
armiiea can be r.1p tlly o,rrInio",. (Iyny
pctd, ttid Contcenl raie-d. l '', t ilicai iona ,
n the coast and (frontier have recieiivd.
or art! htniig ji t':Njred In' I 111 ' p.,weI flI
arnmamnts ; like sit rtys an i har, r
id111 river iinprvttieit. tre in c~rti:e of
ellefge tt it prOSecitt iun, l'repar:al ionls hay!
htentlmti e Ori II t ay niulent, ttf i hi tIddi
tional boitn1ties al(1.9.,izedi dillriht thte
recent s.asiun of t ',nge ," 1)nd1, ,neh
r'gulations as will pre,leet Ih(" (Govern
ment frot fraud and meo':Ire to 1he
honorabIly discli g,l mtoldier the we'l.
earned reward of IIhA f.,ithfe.duess an:d
galhinty. Moro than six tiouiaali,l
maimed soldiers i:avi reeived ' rtilinutI
litbaand other surgical n1 a plarteit, ;i.d
fortyone natiotlal ielitrits, centaininlg
t,be remains of 104,320 Union aulier.,
have itlready been estblished. Im
total estimate of itilitary aplrolTriation;
is *25,205,6609.
It is stated im the r(p)rt-of t.
Secretary of the N tvy that, tte'- tnavi
force at, this t.imo connits of two hun
dred. aid sovent.y-eight. vess"", arnA
fifty-oa.o guns. Ofi th'tse, onei httnd:i I A.
andt flten vessels. en try itng onet thlOm.
rutns. I'The tnub'r of' tmeti itt ihe aervit:e
pla.,etd by all th IopmdIiittr,a an t3c heir
mtovet,met!3s hav~e beenot j uctin.-]y a nd
eIlieiontly arrutnged in sucah matnner as .
wou,ild best1 promiott et A mer'licani commt rer'e *
andi protect.tdrigh:ts n .< inu re; s of
our utintdnymniI slbroad. * T.iin v,'s e;
:iempltoyed are undergt'ing repam,~ or
gre lidoi unt i li hr se'rvices may be h
reqmrel'td. Mosm. of the iron-c'al . ii at .
Lea'.guet Islandl, in the. viemnily of Pi'da'
rcs,--Jna m, m.CnT PeAt(.