Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TIE WEEKLHBIOI TIiIS, SfW 10 ^fli;in;!lun\ Viorticnlturr,. gonn^ ^3^ ?f ?ht gu>. . ^.,_, y VOL. IX?New Series. UNION C. II., SOUTH CARCjftlNA, FEBRUARY 15, 1S78. NUMBER 7. THE l'ATKONN OF HUSBANDRY. 6ixtii annual meeting of the state orange. Address of the. Worthy Muster?J. N. Lipscomb. Patrons : Thoso of you who were at the last session of the State Orange will recollect that the reports oftho Worthy Master, Secretary and Treasurer gave a very gloomy nspcct as to our condition, both financially aud us to tho working of the order. It affords mo great pleasure to inform you of a very decided change in the finaucial condition of the order, and to congratulate you Upou it. Tt Was snpposcd that this State Grange was heavily in arrears for dues to the National Grange, and totally uuablc to pay out. I at once puA the Worthy Sccre^ tnry and Treasurer to work to overhaul the reports, nccoofits and settlements had by the former SWretary since 187-4, with^the view of getting tho full benefit of tho rebate allowed by the Natioual Grange upon all tho Granges that should havo been * marked D. It., S. or C., on the quarterly reports, and upon which tho Worthy Treasurer of the National Grange assessed the dues. This required great labor, intense application, aud that long continued; but I tind the highly efficient officers you had chosen as Secretary and Treasurer fully adequate to tho task, willing and zealous in who work, for which I feci it uiy duty to give them my hightcst commendation and ask you to add yours. The results of this labor has cutircly relieved us from any indebtedness to the National Grange, and put our treasury, although not lull, in a sound and healthy condition. There was a long delay in getting the books belonging to the Secretary's office transferred froui the old to the new Secretary, which greatly retarded and embarrassed both the new Secretary and myself ia efficiently performing the duties of our respective offices, and answering tho numerous calls upon us for aid and information.? There has no yet been a final or formal settlement of the accounts of the Worthy Past Secretary, Brother William ifood, with the Treasurer. He teudercda receipt for what ho claims was a balance due him on salary, nuiountiug to SOS.10, and asking tho Troas? urer to give him n receipt iu lull. This Treasurer Ajkcn referred to mo and 1 declined to approve, and it is now for the Grange to take charge of and fairly adjudi^mito tho whole matter. In accordance with the action had at the last session to establish Pomona Granges, I have used my utmost endeavors to establish ono in each county, and have succeeded far beyond my most sanguine expectations.? M, 't of the counties of the State are now under the Pomona system, and many dcriv ing great benefit from it. I most earnestly urge upon you tho importance of perfecting the Pomona system, by making such changes and additions as the experience of your mcuibcrs have found requisite and beneficial. In some cases, under the pressure of peculiar circumstauecs, I found that entire fuiluro would ensue from a punctilious adherence to lechuical rules aud provisions, and in such eases I have assumed the responsibility of partially dispensing with mere forms, when I could do so and not violate imperative law or fuudauicutal principles. While the order has in this Stato, as in all others, as far as I am informed, decreased iii numbers, it has improved in the standard of membership, by improving all those who had any zeal, and got rid of many who joined from curiosity or selfish motives, and were disappointed iu their exaggerated expectations. In accordance with your resolution of last session, a ' Summer Meeting" was held at Anderson Court IIouso, which was deeply interesting and highly beneficial to Patrons and tho order?aud also tothoso "without tho gates" and to the public gcucrally. Essays of high order were read, aud discussions had upon many subjects of an agricultural naturo, and others upon questions of public policy. Tho effect of thusc essays and discussions are to be seen in many points of legislation liau and now pending. Tho Orange and agriculturists of Spartanburg County sent to us at Aude.son a most cordial invitation to hold the uoxt "Sum Af -i! >? _'.i * * uiur m voting wun tnem ; tins was received nud thanks returned, nud ia new before you for your consideration aud action. Tho question of representation is one that should have your careful and patient consideration ; and if no other change is made, let mo impress upon you the almost imperative necessity of making Masters of Pomona Oranges ex officio full voting members of tho Stato Grango, regardless of whether they are Masters of subordinate Granges or not. Under the Pomona system all business communications,correspondence and reports should go up and down between tho subordinate anc Stato Granges and their respective officers, through tho Pomona n i en .... uruuge iiiid nioir oiuccrs, as tins is tho only way in which tho affairs of tho order can bo efficiently oonduotod nnd constant cor. fusion and misunderstanding prevented. The greatest need of tho order in this State now is that there shall be somo one, ut loast, of tho officers of tho Stnto (1 range put on duty in such a way that onoh county can bo risitod at leaat onco in eaoh year, and oftcncr, if needed, and the entire organization inspected, instructed and disciplined in botli the written and unwritten " work, at the same time, using every available opportunity for making public addrcs- ? sos to explain tho objects, ends, uses and b intentions of the order, ronroving as far as t possible the prejudices and misapprchen- h sions that so evidently exist against it, and h use all legimate argument to popularize the t order. To do this as it should be, cither s the Lecturer or Master should be chosen, 1 aud to him a per diem paid sufficient to t compensate him for the sacrifice. At pros- s cut only tho actual traveling Expenses of I1 the Master are paid, and his tiutc aud labor I1 is a gratuitous, contribution. This is ask- * ing too much, if he is expected to go when 0 and where needed, and if he does not, the e Order must suffer. 1 have attouded every 11 call made upon mo in time, unless proven- f ted by prior engagements or sickness, but ,! it has been at a heavy sacrifico of my indi- I1 vidual interests. Long continued sickness v prevented my attendance on the recent ? meeting of tho National Grange at Cincin- 8 nati, and I have not yet received any copy ? of its proceeding- 1 The reports of the Executive Committee, ' Treasurer, and Secretary, will furnish you h with detailed information of the affairs of t the order as connected with their respective t: departments, and I confidently predict that v you will find them full and able, and I hope I satisfactory. . f 1 call your attention to the State Grange i * agency in Charleston. Froui chance ini'or- . 1 ination L learn that it is being used very | 1 satisfactorily, to a small extent, by some lo- *> calities, but it stands more as a perinissijn f to llrother Folder to do busiuess as an in- t dividual donded agent thau as a regular t State agent. I suppose his report wiilgive )' you information and suggestions, useful in n promoting and extending the usefulness oi' 1 this very important part of this machinery t of our order. I At your last meeting you made the Mus- 1 ter ex officio chairman of the executive com- s inittoe. and it was decided at the firft moot- f ing of said co.i.uiittco that your action did ! ' not confer upon him a vote, but only to pre- j ' side. This construction was right as your by-law wis worded, but is a useless expense t to require the Master to attend the commit ' tec meetings merely for tho purpose of pre- 11 siding ovo4MBri^M*rttcc of three. 1 recommend thaf It bo changed, and lie be ? made either u member of the committee, or 1 given concurrent jurisdiction ; or, that he a be relieved of attendance upon the meetings t of the committee. This is not made on ac- 1 count of any difference or disagreements be- h tween the members of the committee and n the Master; for. upon the contrary, tliv 11 most cordial and friendly relatious exist, o and I have to acknowledge- the most re- a spectful and courteous treatment upon the c part of tho members of tho committee, col lectivcly and individually. In cuticlusioa, allow uic to impress upon ^ each of you to try to realize the great importance that exists to sustain this order, to " revive it, to build it up and rest it upon so secure and tiriu a foundation that its cxis- t tcncc will bo no longer a contingency; that tho benefits and blessings it was intended to give may spread Lroudcast over our | whole country ; that it may meet the approbation and commendation of all, both ( "within" and "without the gates." To do this effectually, each one of you must fully realize your individual obligation to devote your individual and collective efforts to the j work. In no other way can it succeed.? No set of officers you may select can in and of themselves by their unaided efforts con- ^ duct the affairs of the order, unless their hands are upheld and supported by the united strength of the united bauds, heads and hearts of each and every Patron. There- ^ fore, brothers and sisters, let us all and each here and now determine and pledge ourselves to renew our faith in this grand and glorious mission ; to revive our zeal and ^ ardor, and to double our efforts to sustain it. If wo do this, us sons and daughters of South Carolina should, then wo may rest assured that the Grange, with all its advan- | tages and benefits, educational, sociul and business, will bo secured to us and to our j, cbildrjn and our children's children, in spite of the prejudice, opposition and uiis- f representation of skeptics, sneerers, speculators and middle men. Do this, and your J names will go down to posterity honored ( and respected, and future fenerations will rise up and bless your memory for the food ' works that you will have done for thcui? ( Trusting that your deliberations and councils may bo governed by dignity, concord and trinity, held under our cardinal prin- , ciples of "Faith, Hope, Charity and Fidel- t ity," and redown to tho benefit, nromotion 1 ' * A 1 unci welfare of the cause that called you , here, I will close. \ Tho English feed for fattening sheep con- , sists of cotton seed and turnips. They claim that it will put on the most fat, is tho, safest food, makes the best mutton at a less . cost, and produces tho best and strongest . tnanuro. >? Thcro are some things it never pays to . doctor. If you have a sick fruit tree of any kind dig it up at onec, and in so doing dig a big hole ready for a thrifty tree next < spring. I * - ABOUT CO-OPTATION. # j Co-operation must b^tu in thought. It 5 of no use to mark it-out as engine do lino of travel, and try to switch thisf^rcat rdcr into it; at least not until its members avo tried the shorlcff lines load ft'; frour heir laruis to their neighbor.:. It is amazng that thoso international co-operative radc schemes should be p: essed to the noice of farmers, who have uot yet made the lightest effort to co operate in business afairs at home. Whatever good might atend tho successful working of the9t graud chemcs, it is a blind confidence fin un- 1 roved theory that leads good mctr to supiose that radical .afeajqgcs may bo wrought ty, except by thoso graduations which nernit the ground to be surveyed aud carefully ried all along the way. Tho grange itself * co-operative, but not necessarily for the urposc of business gains. Whenever and rhercvcr it has been used solely for such a in, it has fallon to decay, for it has had (lifting foundation. The first needs of the rdcr arc the strengthening of social tics, he development of confidence, mental cuiure, and the consequent elevation of man* ood and womanhood, which, after all, is lie grand object. As a means for the atniiiuicut of these objects, the grange is a rorthy institution. When it is diverted rem thoni, to promote any scheme, it must ail of its true purpose. If the National i range will study the situation, it must see hat it will not he wise to step far beyond he p topic. If it can devise the means to olidity the order so that it will become a lower in directing the affairs of the country, hat will do more for the general welfare, ban to divert all the trade profits of the car into the pockets of men already 'too norcouary to allow thought to 6tray from lie everlasting theme?material gains?to ry its powers in affairs which concern all. Jndcr a form of government that rests 011 he intelligence of the people as its only ocurity, there must be an obligation on the art of the people to cultivate intelligence. Especially does this obligation rest upon arnicrs who have property rights at-stakc. Already, because of their inattention to his plain requirement, ?they arc oppressed y unjnst burdens. While they cinnot nake the grange a political power, they uu use it as the uicaus by which to fit them* elves l'or intelligent action in public matter Phis will bring more good to thcui ar.d to 11 the industrial classes than they can got hrough grand trade schemes spread over wo continents. Meantime, co-opuration so legnn and faithfully continued, will reach lutnberhss ways by which gratifying prolits nay come, without disturbing any interests f society; and the grange, by reaching only fter what is attainable, and getting it, will omc to be Regarded as a respectable factor n the public welfare.? The Husbandman. Goon Advicr.?Governor Vance, at the Vcldon Fair gave his hearers some very ound advice. lie said the late war had aught th; South several important lessons, vhich he proceeded to specify. One of hem was, that cotton is not kifag. but that neat and bread are, andJva..ui'Roa tho iuijortance not only of producing enough of t.?o? I'..- I U..i _1 ? .iitou iui iiuiuu uui uisuoi engaging in nanufacturcs. "Wo must not rely upon lie north," lie said, "fitT1 our whcol hubs ilid axo handles, our buggy shafts, and (very mechanical and domestic article we isc, but must get to making those articles or ourselves." Another lesson was, that the Southern icoplo should not depend altogether upon logro labor, but must go to work for tlietnelves. lie drew a picture of half a dozen rhitc mcu "sitting around a store door, whittling white pine and cursing the negro leeausc he won't work," and in contrast ritli this he pointed to the happiness and inlepcndcnco ot a family "who are not shamed, nor afraid, nor too lazy to do their iwn work." This is good wholesome talk, nd its utterance by a Democratic Governor if a Southern stato shows bow great n lianqc the war and its concomitant events lave really wrought. Let those good peoile of tho North who Iccl that, the South lannot be trusted to get along without the pccial supervision of the. Federal Govern ncut uko courage from tins evidence of irogrcss. The reform which springs from lie midst of a people, and lias its origin in heir own expanding ideas and improving cntimcnts, is infinitely more substantial hail any which could bo imposed by an excrior force.?Murfreeiboro Enquirer. Bf.kk Smothered Down.?Two, three, >r four hours boforo dinner, (according to ho size of your piece of meat,) put tlio jcof into boiling water, and keep it boiling gently until it is cooked very tender. By his time the water iu the kettle should iavc all boiled away. Season with sale, and pepper, if you chooM^j^hen tho ivatcr is mostly boiled away, and turn the neat about in the Lottlo frequently toward ;hc last. If at any time luoro water must jo added, let it be boiling water. A piece vitli much bone is not suitable for this ncthod of boiling, as too much water is required to cover it. .? ? The reputation a man gets front bis nnicstors, wants about as much altering to fit lim ns their clothe would. THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PAPIRS. No industry iu ibo United S.ates has made greater progress than furmiug. There has been not only great advances in the methods and appliances, but there has been very remarked iuiprovmciit in the intelligence of farmers as a class. Our grand common school system has done mud), as also the telegraph and the daily press, in raising the standard of general intelligence among us as a nation. No iuflucncc the past 25 years has been more valuable in disseminating information among farmers, .than the agricultural press. Valuable improvements in farm machinery, additions of Is^fruits, and the introduction turijl journals in each ?tatc. The discussions which annually take place in our agricultural journals regarding the ravages of insects, the mildew and blight, and the diseases among domestic stock, bring out from all over the country so much practical experience, so many remedies and helps, that the aggregate value from this source is not to be computed. The 0119c common sneer that was uiadc against agricultural papers, viz: that they were useless because they only treated of "book farming," is passiug away. Kvorv intelligent farmer must have his paper, because it gives him, from a wide I ' - t I . ..I < .....cvu> uuouiiiitiuu, me practical nuns PI 1 ' the best, fanners of the country and en- 1 ables him to keep pace with the progress and j ' improvement of his own busiuess. The ' farmer who does not read, in tins day and age of I lie world, is as much behind the ' times as the merchant or lawyer would be ! who ignores the best ideas atid practices of ! those with whom he has to compete. No 1 money expended in a farmer's family docs 1 more to interest, as well as instruct, the { young members of the family, than that 1 paid for their own paper. ' livery number j of a farm and family journal is made to 1 help the mother and the children; the 1 three or four cents per week is returned a ' thousand fold in many ways, besides the ! profit gaiucd in information on crops and markets. The agricultural press have prepared the way for organization among the farmers, aud it is to the interest of every ' farmer not only lor his own pecuniary benefit and that of his family, but for the profession of which he is a member, to assist ' to build up strong and able champions and 1 supporters No class of journals in the country arc more ably edited or better printed than the farmer's papers and nouc deserve more thoroughly cordial support from the people in whose interests they arc published.?Prairie Partner. Pay Promptly.?Credit is a bad thing for everybody. If we could induce every farmer to keep out of debt, we should have doue him a greater service than anybody has ever doue him. It is the great barrier to the success of the farmer, ile spends his harvest before lie garners it, and is always at the mercy of the creditor. lie cannot hold his produce for better prices for the note was given for what lie could easily have done without. But the crcdi| tor has some riuhts which shouhl nn l?? overlooked, and some one has well stated them in the following : In matters of business the maxim "Time is money" is of great practical value. It is so to the merchant, the mechanic, the farmer. Time squandered, and the very prop of life is swept away. In the business transactions of the world, to save time is a golden secret, and everything that encroaches upon this peculiar treasure inflicts a loss upon the community. And punctuality or delinquency in the payment of debts sustain an intimate relation to this subject. This any eye can sec. Much time is lost in collecting debts, especially small debts, which would bo saved, aud might bo devoted to useful business, if men would keep their engagements. And the loss in this case falls just where it ought not to fall?upon the creditor, and not upon the debtor, who is truly tho offending party. many debts, and especially smalls ones, cost more time in their collection than they arc worth. A bill of a few dollars or a few shillings is presented again and again?'-it shall be paid soon"?and yet nothing comes but promises. The operation consumes much time, and in>poses an unjust and oppressive tax upon creditor, and that, too, in many instances at least, in return for a real favor. Had the clerk, or apprentice, or other agent employed in collecting small debts, applied himsolf diligcutly to business, he could in many instances have earned more than he had been able to collect.? This is enough to ruin almost any man whose business is conducted on a small scale in relntion to his debtors, and who at the same time sustains heavy responsibilities to his el-editors, llis stock in trade, or his labor expended upon raw materials, requires large sums at stated periods, in order tc the successful prosecution of his business; and if his own time, or the time of his agents, is consumed in collecting a thousand little debts, even should he by tho mere power of importunity finally succeed, by fraud, and the whole social and business world made to suffer from want of "punctuality in the piymcnt of debts."?Western Iturul. . + ? How to make a Maltese cross? Trend an her tail. ORIGINALITY IN FARMING. There are two ways in which a farmer nay manage his business, lie may observo lelinite rules without regard to varying cir;umstances, or he may b3 guided by his )\vu judgment and regulate his own operaions aecordiug to conditions. There is a cadency among a large clasl of farmers to je guided by maxims which they have revived from their fathers. They plant heir corn and wheat as uoarly as possible >n stated days or at stated times of tho noon. They hoe and cultivate their corn i given number of times without much regard to the condition of the soil, and in all he routiue of farm work they kecjp as When we consider Ihc variety of oircumitances under which the same crops aro 'aiscd in different localities, it is cvideut hat 110 rules can be given for their manlgcment that it will bo best to follow in all jascs. There arc fields of corn that will hrive and produe'e well with very little sulturc, while others will be nearly ruined yy f|uaek gravs and thistles, without very borough cultivation. Sometimes the weeds ire of such a kiud that a smoothing harrow s the best implement that cau be used for lestroying them, while at others the timclionored corn plow is the only instrument :hat will prove effectual. Unless the farmer uses judgment in the management of his jorn he will not always get it at the least lost per bushel. The same may be said of every departaient of farm labor. The old rules may bo ato, but there is sometimes a better way, and the fanner who can look beyond, and sec when his practice?and it may bo varied with profit?has an advantage over others. There is as much opportunity for making good results in raising our crops by * taking advantage of circumstances, as there is in selling them by taking advantage of the markets. It is often noticed that the farmers who do the most hard work do not 11 ways succeed the best. This is because they do too little thinking. The question should always be: "How can I apply my labor so that it will bo most effectual !" Many farmers accomplish more with their heads than with their hands. There is an opportunity for originality not only in the management of crops, but as well in all the appurtenances of the farm ? Dingo Rural. SMALL FARMS Those farmers who find themselves possessed of more land than they can utilize should now he making arrangements to dispose of their surplus acres to those who arc willing and able to bring order out of chaos, to make fertile fields out of deserted plantations and uncultivated wastes. Small farms well tilled make a happy and prosperous people, for the small farmer, if he possesses ordinary intelligence and experieucc, is always in easy circumstances. lie cultivates every foot of his land without exhausting bis accumulations. lie is constantly reaching out for more, but continues to make the best of what he has. The owner of a large farm is often crushed by its magnitude. lie caunol cultivate its ent ire area and the useless acres sap his vitality, expend bis means and plunge him into debt. ^ Taxes cat up his sustenance by slow but sure annroacbcs. 1 1 " The true disposition to make of a largo body of land is to sell alternate farms to actual settlers, at moderate rates, and upon easy and accommodating terms. This increases the value of the remaining farms, which, in time, can bo sold at very satisfactory prices. While, however, tho mania for increasing acre upon acre, for no well defined purpose, exists and is indulged, tho man may safely calculate that he takes upon his shoulders a burden which becomes unbearable. Tho mole hill becomes a mountain?the little ant enlarges to clcphaiTtine proportions.? Ex. Chicken Ciioi.kka?A Cure.?Tho following is said to be an infallible remedy for the so-called chicken cholera : Make a mixture of two ounces each of red pepper, alum, resin and flour of sulphur, and put it in their food in proportions of one tablespoonful to three pints of scalded meal. In severe cases, give about one-third of a teaspoonful in a uical pellet once a day to each fowl, putting a small lump of alum in their drinking water. Tho writer says : "I have tried the above ingredients with marked success ; have cured fowls in tho last stage of the disease. I make it a practice now to give my fowls some of it once or twice a week, and there are no symptoms of any disease among them."?Bulletin. In England they aro adopting % horso shoe made of cowhide, and known as tho Vntcsshoe. It is composed of three thickncs sos of cowhide compressed into a stool mould, and then subjected to a chemical preparation. It is claimed for it that it lasts longer and weighs only one-fourth as much as the common iron hIioc ; that it will never cause the hoof to split, nor havo the least injurious influence on the foot. It requires no calks; even on asphalt tho horse uever slips. The shoo is so elastic that the horse's stop is lighter and surer. It adheres so closely to the foot that neither dust nor water cau penetrate bctweou the shoo and ' hoof.