Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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I * ! KEOWEE COURIER. f t ' * [ ' ' % -- 10 T,IlNli ?WN nK C,tUli' ANU vr MU8t prOLLOW, AS TIIB KIUJIT THE DAY, THOU CAN'BT SOT THltN BR t'ALSB TO ANV MAX." jj VOL. 1. I'ICKISNS COURT HOUSE, 8. C., SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1850. NO 33 TIIE KCOWKi: 4!OiruIl!K, PRtNTKD AND PlWLlSIIED WEEKLY BY W. II. TUIMMIEH. J. W. NORMS, Jn? ( v ... ru E. M. KKIT1I, j EdltorflTERMS* Ono l)oll>ir nn?l Fifty Cent* for one yoar'n subscription when paid within throe months, I Two dollars if payment is delayed to the close of the subscript ion year. All subscription* not qlenrly limited, will bo considered as inndo for an indefinite time, nnd continued till a dwedntirtnartee is ordered and all arrearages paid. A<tccrtix'')ncnts inserted at 75 centd p^? square for the first insertion, and 37 12 ct.-*. for ; each continued insertion. Liberal deductions ; made to those advertisinuf bv the vear. All Communications''should be addre.ss- : ed to the Publishe r post paid. ?? 'i-' Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: Sixty years have elapsed since the es- j tablislimcnt of this government, and the Cbngress of the United States again as- I sembles to legislate for an empire of freemon. Tho predictions of evil prophets, I who formerly pretended to foretell the downfall of our institutions, are now remembered only tobe doVid"'' and the United States of Ameiioaat i?.s moment I presents to the world the most stable and ( pormanont government upon earth. Such is the result of tho labors of I those who have gone before us. IpBpon Congress will eminently depend the future maintainanco of our system of free government, and the transmission of it, unimpaired to posterity. We areatpeaca with all the nations of the world, and seek to maintain our cherished relations of amity with them! l)uringthe past year we have been blessbtl, by a kind Providence, with an abuti* dance of the fruits of the earth; and, tdthough the destroying angel, for a time j visited extensive portions our territory I with the ravages of a dreadful postilence, ! yet tho Almighty litis at length -deigned j to stay hi* hand, and to. restore the inesti- j nmble blessing of general health to a people who have acknowledged his pow- : or, doprecatcd his wrath, and implored his moroiful protection. While enjoying tho benefits of amicable intercourse with . foreign nation*; we have, pot been i^sensiPl'' to tho distrnetionsand \yars which havo prevailed in other quarters of the woi id. 11 is a prop er theme of thanksgiving to him who i rules tlio destinies of nations, that we have bca^fibio to i^piutfthi, .amidst nil those contests, an independent and nwutral position towards all belligerent pour* ers. Our relations with Great Britain are of tho most friendly character. In consequence of the recont alteration of the British navigation acts, British vessels from British and oilier foreign ports, M ill, under existing laws, after the first, clay of January next, be admitted to cntrv in our ports, with cargoes of the growth, J manufactures, or productions of any part of the world, on t'?? tcnjis, aatoi duties, imposts, and charges, an vessels of the UhUcd States wij.li their cargoes; ! and our vessels will be admitted to the same advantages in British ports, catering t herein on the same terms as British vps- j sclftj Should no order in council disturb i this legislative arrangement, tho late act of the British Parliament, by which Great Britain is brought within tho terms proposed by the act of Congress of tho 1st of March, ]1817, it is hoped will be j productive of benefit to both countries. ! A slight interruption of diplomatic in- j tercoyrse, which occurred between this j itovernmeni anu prance, L am happy to sav, has been terminated, and ouruVin- j ister there has been received. It is, j thorefpro, unnecessary to refer now Ao j the circumstances wnion Icu to tlifit interruption. I need not express to you the sincere satisfaction with which >vc shall welcome th^> arrival of OuOtliej-Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plcuipo, tentiary Jdttttn u lister Republic, to which we have^blorigf been. and btili remain, bound by the strongest, ties of amity. Shortly after f hfid entered upon the :di8char$cOT th<$ Executive duties, I was apprised that a war summer belonging to the German Empire was being fiugd out in tho harbor of New York, with thenjd of some of our naval officers, rendered under tho permission of tho ]at<> .Secretary of tho Navy. This permission was gran ted during an nrmist ice between that Em pirc and the Kingdom pf Denmark, winch hud been engaged in the ?S>chleswig Holstein war. Apprehensive that this act of in tervention, on our part, might be viewed as u violation of our neutral obligations, incurred by the treaty with Denmark, and * 1. -V.-. of the provisions of the act of Congress, 1 of the 20th of April, 1818. I directed | tlmt no further Old should be rendered by any agent or oilicer of the Navy; and L instructed the Secretary of #SYtate to ftp- j prize the Minister of the Q or man Empire ; accredited to this Government, of my determination to execute the law of the ! United States, and to maintain the faith! of treaties with all nations. The corres-j pondtjjice which ensued between the De- ! partmcnt of State and the Minister of the ! German Empire is lu owith laid before I you. Y'he execution ot the law and the ' observance of the treaty were deemed by 1 me to be due to the honor of the country, ; as well as to the sacred obligations of the ! constitution. I shall not fail to pursue { the same course, should a similar case luitll otll' * 1 ' 1 M.wv, nil) UVUVI II.IJUIVllljr | avowed the opinion, on taking the oath of | orticc, that, in disputes between conflic- 1 ting foreign Governments, it is our inter- . est, not lcs^i than our duty, t . rdnnuu : strictly neutral, I shall not abandon it. You will perceive, from tho correspondence submitted to you, in connexion with this subject, that the? co.urse aar pled in this case lias been properly regarded ; by the belligerent Powers interested ih j tho matter. IL.. - < ?? T-r . t r>iiuuu"iiJi minister 01 mc united ; States to tlie German Empire \vns np: pointfcd bv rtty predecessor in August, 1848, antt has for a long time been, in attendance at Frankfort-on-the-Maine, and altbongb a Minister lippointed to represent tjiat. Empire was received and accredited here, Vet, no such Government as tlmi of the derman Empire has been i definitely constituted. Mr. Donolson, our representative at Frankfort, remained there seVeiral months, in expectation that a union of thcGermiin States, under one J constitution or form of Government, i might at length be org tin i zed] ft is be-; lieVcd by those well acquainted with the J existing relations botwp<5n Prussia and j the States of Germany)' that no such ! union can bo permanently established ' without her co-operation. In the event) of the formation of ?ucW a union, and the organizationof:a central power in Ger- i many, of which she should form a part, [ it would bfcco\Vie licctfssary to withdraw ; our minister ttfc Berlin; but while Prussia I exists as ftn inilcpmulont Kingdom, ..nd diplomatic rtmtidrift al;C maintained with j her, there can be no necessity for the con- i tiuuan<^e of thtf'ihission to Frankfort. I j haS'o, therefore, recalled Mr. T)onelson, I and directed theWchWe's1 of the'legation atFranktort.'lo he transferred to the American legation nt)I3e>lin. ' Having-been apprized that a consider- j able number of adventurers were en-i gaged in fitting out a military expedition 1 within the'XJnited States against a for- ! eign country,' and believing from the host; information I could obtain, tluit it was destined to invade the Island of Cuba, I ; deemed it due to tho friendly relations ; existing between tho United States and : Spain, to the treaty existing between the I two nations, to the laws of tho UhUfcd ! states, and above all, to the Amorioun j honor, to exei i, the '.awful authority of; j this government; in suppressing tho expo- ; dition and preventing the invasion. To i his end 1 issued a proclamation, enjoin* it:? it upon the officers of tho TTnitcd 1 I .S'tates, civil nnd military, to use all law- j ful means within their pbwer. A copy1 1 of that proclamation i? horewith submitted. The expedition has boon suppressed. So long as the act of Congress of tho 20th ot April, 1618, which owes its ; existence to the law of nations nnd to the j policy of Washington himself, shallf re 1 1 main on our statute- book, I hold; it to be \ the duty of the ^xeeutivo* faithfully to obey its injunctions. Wbilo this expedition was in progress, i was iniormed that a foreigner, who claimed our protection, had been clandes- I I tinely, and, as was supposed, forcibly i j carried off in a vessel from New Orleans i to tho Iuluud of Cuba 1 immediately i caused such steps to be taken as I thought | necessary, in case the information I had j received should provo oorrect> to vindie:Wo the honor of tho country, mid the right of cvory person seeking an asylum on our soil to tho protection .of our laws. The person alleged to have been abducted was promptly restored, and the circumstances of the.cn^e are now about to undergo investigation before .a legal IVibunal. 1 would respectfully suggest that, although the tr. i - ? ---- - fv" been committed In this case is held odious, an being ir* conflict with otfi'opinionfi on the subjeot of national sovereignty and personal freedom, there is no prohibition of it, or punishment for it, provided in any act of Congress. The expediency of sup plying this defect in our criminal code is therefore recommended to your consideration. I have scrupulously avoided any interference in tho wars and contentions | which have recently distracted Europe. During tho InU: conflict between Austria ami //nngnry, thero seemed (o ho n prospect that tho latter might Uccome an independent nation. 7/owever faint that prospect at <he time appeared, I thought it my duty,.in accordance with thogonernl sentiment of the American people, who doeply sympathised with theJ/hgyar patriots, to stand prepared, upon the contingency of the establishment by bet ui u pHriiiinu iii, government, 10 ue uic lirst to welcome independent Hungary into the family of nations. For this purpose 1 invested an agent, then in Europe, with power to declare our willing" noss promptly to recognise her independent in the event of her ability to sustain it. The powerful intervention ol Russia in the contest extinguished the hopes of the struggling Magyars. The United States did not at any time, interfere in the co" but the feelings of the nation wevr ly enlisted in the cause, and by tb ouliorings of a bravo people who lmd made a gallant, though unsuc cessful cft'ort to 1x3 free. Our claims upon Portugal have bcei during tho past year prosecuted with re newed vigor, and it has been my objee to employ every effort of honorable di plomacy to procure their adjustment Our late Charge d'Affaires at Lisbon, tin //on. Geo. W. Hopkins, made able anc energetic, but unsuccessful eflbrts to set tie these unpleasant matters of controvcr sy, and to obtain indemnity for tb< wrongs which jveic the subjects of com plaint. Our present Charge d'Affaire at that Court will also bring to the pros ceulion of these claims ability and zeal The revolutionary and distracted condi tion of Po\ tugal in past times has bee: renresented as one of tha 1i?nninor f:uiKr>? r her delay in indemnifying our suffering c ti/ons; but I must now say it is a matter c p. O our.d regret that these claims have nc yet been settled, y'ho omission of Pot tugal to do justice to tl?o American claim ants has now assumed a character s grave and serious that I shall phortl mako it the subject of a special messag to Congress, with a view to such ultima I action as its wisdom and patriotism ma suggest. _ ; ' Willi Jllu^ia, Austria, Prusria, S\vc den, tyoumar.k, Belgium, the jSTethcrland and the Italian States, we still maintm our accustomed ainicabip relations. During the rocent revolutions in th 7\ipalStales our Chargo d'Afloircs n Homehi\s been unable to present his'lot ter of credence, which indeed, lie whs di reeled by.tmY,pr(,deces&or to withold un til ho should rcceive further order; Such was the unsettled condition of thing in those States that it was not decnie expedient to give him any instruction5, o the subject of presenting bis eredentii letter different from (hose with which h had been furnished by the lute admjnif I tration until the 25th of Juno last; wliQi in consequence of the want of accurate i formation of the exact state of things * that distance from us,-ho was instructor to exorcise his own discretion in presenl ing himself to the existing Governmeu if in his judgement sufficiently stable; 01 I ~ C 1. cjr: ? It IIVl. III il\> <110 IUIIIIVI Ulll ?. OlIIC that pcrjod Rome Uijis undergone anothc revolution, and lie abides the establish lishment of a Government sufficient! permanent to justify him in opening di plomatic.intercourse with, it. . AVitJj the republic of Mexico it is ou ti'uo policy to cultivate the most fiiendl relations., Since tho ratification(of Gun dahipe Ilidnlgo, nothing J>as occurred c a soriou*;. character to disturb tljorti. 7 faithful observance,of the treaty, and ) sincere respect for her rights, cannot fai to secure the lasting confidence and fciom Rhlp 6t that 'republic. The m&snge o my preuecessor to me House 01 itcpvcaoi tallves, of the 8th of February last, cdm municatiug, in compliance with a re'sbltl .tiort of that body, a copy of a paper call ed a Protocol, signed at Queretaro on tlx 3<jlTv of iVay, 1.84,8, by the comnn*sibi era of the United States and the Miuistp of Foreign Affairs of the J/cxiean g<?vcri ment, ha.ing been a subject of corresnon deuce between the Department of ?Vtat< nnd the envoy extraordinary and .hemi; i f i plenipotentiary of that rep'.hlic ac credited to this govevprneat, a iranscrjp ot tnat cow?r>pondepce is hdrcwitn lub hi i tied, ' The commissioner on the part of tli; United States for marking the fibtindAr) between the two republics, though dc luycd in reaching San tJiego by unfore seen obstacles, arrived at that place with in a short period afler the limo required by the treaty, and was there joined bj (he Commissioner on the part of jVexico TlVCy entered upon their duties: and at the date of iho latest intelligence iron' that quarter, some progress had beer made in the survey. The expenses incident to tho organisation of (he commit Jin rni11 mmmm | sion, .uul to its conveyance to to tlu>. 1 ! point where its operations wore to begin, i I have so much rcduccd the fund appro- ] i printed by Congress, that a further sum, ; ; to cover the charges whi'* *npst be incur :1 red during the present fiscal year, ill be t ' necossnrv. The great length along < j which the frontier extends, the nature of ' i the ad jacent territory, and the difficulty u of obtaining supplies, except at or near i " the extremes of the line, render it almost 1 >! indispensable that a liberal provision j should be made to meet the necessary charges during the fiscal year ending on . tho 80th of Jane, 1851. I accordingly recommend this subject to your attention. In the adjustment of the claims of l American citizens on .l/exico, provided for i ' by the late treaty, tho employment of ! counsel, on the part of Government, j 1 may become important for the purpose of jiRfcwt.innr thn oA^iiticoiMUAf" U, v..^.WIIMIilO>7IU|IUIO III |J1VIVV/UI1|J j > the interests of ilic U. States. I reconi- . > mend ill is subject to the early and favor* able consideration of Congress. COmplmnts have been made in regard 1 to tho inefficiency of the means provided by the Government of New Grenada for t transporting'thc U. S. mail across the Isth mns of Panama, pursuant to our Postal Convention with that Republic, of the 1 Oth of March, 1844. Our Charge d'Af1 faires at Bogota lias been directed to - make such representations to the Govern* meat of New Granada as will, it is hoped, c lead to a prompt removal of this cause - of complaint. ^ s The sangv >.ary civil war with which ' the Republic of Venezula has for some ' time past been ravaged, has been brought l* to a close. In its progress the rights of 11 st>me of our citizens, resident or trading '[ there, have been violated. The restora-1 lion of order will afford to the Venezuelan '' Government an opportunity to examine ' and redress these grievances, and others of long standing, which our representa " at Caraccas have hitherto inclYeetu0 ally urged uj on the attention of that >' Government. c r The extension of, the coast of the UniC I (f'll nn /lin Pnnilin nr.?l (!./> . ??? ^ ~ v?.v .a. >?VI?IVV, -UIU V1IVJ II Illy A >' amplcd rapidity with which tho inhabitants of California especially arc increasing in numbers, hayo imparted new con* sequence to our relations with the other n countries whose territories border upon tjlieocennj It is probable that tho intere course- between those countries nnd our 1 possessions in that quarter, particular!/ " with the Republic of Chili, will become * j extensive und nmtunlly advantageous in " proportion as California, and Oregon shall ! Increase in population and wealth. It is s i .1 ~ i ii c. -1 - * ^ - | uisunoii!, mcnnorc,mat uus uovernment J should do ovrry thing in its posver to fosn tor and strengthen its relations with those '1 ! States, and (hat the spirit of amity be0 j tween us shoidd bp mutual and cordial. ?" i I recommend the observance of the same course towards all other American 11 tftyites. The United StaU-s sUmdastho! a groat American Power, to which, as their j natural ally and fiiond, they will always k i be disposed to look for mediation and assistance, in the event of any collision '> between them find any European nation. e As such, we may ol ten kindly mediate in r their behalf, without entangling ourselves in foreign wars or unnecessary controyer y sics. Whenever the faith of our treaties with any of them shall veuwiio oui inter i l'crence, we muit necessarily interpo.se, r A convention has been negotiated with | )' Brazil providing for the satisfaction of * American claims on Jiat Government, | i and it will be submitted to the Semite.?- ; ^ . Since the last sesj-ion of Congress, w e J 11 :< have received an L'lnvoy Extraordinary! and Minister Plenipotentiar" from that ] ^ j empire, nnd our relation* with it are '' founded up#n the most amicable under11 | standing. j Your attention is earnestly invited to nr) amendment of our existing laws rela , ting to the African slave trade, with a 0 i view to the effectual suppression of that - barbarous tifiQic. It-is not to be denied j 1* ! i 1 *fIrnrffl ia ciill I ? *%?* # ^ .j VI>MV vu>Y 9VIII) III |/l?l V| Villi I irtj 1.141 11 ' by moans of vessels built. in the United : ' , Mutes, and owned or navigated by some , k of our citizens. The correspondence be 1 iwe?*n the department of 6'tate and the ; - minister and consul of the United States t at Rio de .lanciro, which has from timo,tp, - time boon tyid before Congress, represents j that i( is customary devico to evade tab ! penalties of our laws by means of sea- : * tetters. Vessels Bold in Brazil, when 11 provided with such papers by the consul, j I instead of returning to the Unito<l States ( i for a new register, pre cowl til onco ta tho j I I coast of Africa, for the purpose of ob- (t ' tnining cargoes of slaves, J/uch addi-, < tional information, of the same.character, ! < ? baa recently been transmitted to the De- j, i partmont of State. It Iins not been con- . 1 i .i ?? - | muuicu mo |H)uuy "? "Hi" lO HUUjeCl : I I (lie A r.ierican (htizon, who, in a foreign ! i I country, purchases a vessel built in the I J* United States, to the inconvenience of send her home for a new register, before permitting her to proceed on a voyage. Any alteration of the 'laws which might lave a tendency to impede the free transfer of property in vessels between our citizens, or the free navigation of thoie vessels between dilTerent pnrts of the world, when employed in lawful commerce, should be well and cautiously considered; but I trust that,your wisdom will devise a method by which our general policy, in this respect, may bo proserved, and at the same time the abuse of our Hag, by means of sea-letters, in tho m..iner indicated, may be prevented. 1 laving ascertained that there is no mi iu? reunion 01 ine nvc states of Central America, which formerly compose i the republic of that name, wo have seperately negotiated with some nf thnm treaties of amity and commerce, which will be laid before the Senate A contract having been concluded with the Slnte of Nicaragua, by a company c.onmnsrwl nf A m/iv!no? f - ?. oinviivnii Vlll/.IIIC, ivr IIIU purpose of constructing a ship canal thro* the territory of that State, to connect the Atlantic and Pacific, oceans, I have directed the negotiation of ? treaty with Nicaragua, pledging both Governments to protect those who shall engage in.and perfecttho work. All other natiQaSiari invited by the State of Nicaragua to enter into the 6ame treaty stipulations with her; and the benefit to be derived by each from such an arrangement will be the protection of this great inter-occanic communication against any Power which might seek to obstruct it, or to monopolize its advantages. All States entering into such a treaty will enjoy the light of passage through the canal on payment of the same tolls. The work, if constructed under these giuimnucs, win Docome a bond of pence instead of a subject of contention and strife botween the nations of tlic earth. Should the great maritime States of Europe consent to this arrangement, (and wr have no reason to suppose that a proposition so fair and honorable will be opposed by any>) the energies of their peapie and ours will co-operate in promoting the success of the enterprise. I do not recommend any appropriation from tho National JPrcraury for this purposo, nor do I believe that such an appropriation is necessary. 'Private enterprise, if proper* IV protected, will complete the workj should it prove, to be feasible. Tho parties who have procured the charter from Nicaragua, for its construction, desire no assistance from this Government beyond its protection; and they piofe>s that, having examined the piopasod lino of communication, they will be ready to commence the undertaking whenever that protection shall be extended to them.-Should there appear to be reason, on examining the whole evidence, to entertain a scjcious doubt of practicability of constructing such a canal, that doubt could be speedily solved by on actual exploration /of the route. Should such a work be constructed, under the common protection of all na* tions, for equal benefits to all, it would be neither just nor expedient that any great maritime State should command the com munioation. The territory thro' which tho canal may be opened ought to bo freed from tho claims of any foreign Power. No such Power should occupy ;i position thut would enabled it hereafter to exercise so controlling nn influence overt the commerce of the world, or to obstruct a highway whioh ought to bo dedicated to the common use of mankind. Tho routes across tho Isthmus, at 2V hunntepec nnd- Panama, are also worthy of your serious consideration. They did> not fail to engngo the attention of my predecessor. The negotiator of the treaty of Gaudalupc //idalgo was instructed to offer n large sum of money for tho right of transit Across tho isthmufe Tthu?n tepee. The .Mexican government did not accede to the proposition for the purchase of the right of way, probably because it had already oontniofed with private individuals (oBthe construction |of n passage from the Guasacualo river toTchunntepec. I sfcajl pot renew any plot position to purclmse, for monev, a right which ought to be secured to all nations, o,n payment of a reasonable tu]l,JU>tho owners of the improvement, who would, doubtless, be contented with tha^jjpiu^^n Ration and the guaranties of the mavuiuno Stutcs of the world, in sfpnvajte trQfttifa negotiated with Mexico, binding her and, them (o protect thoso who should construct the work. Sueh guurantiea woiihl la anoro to securo the completion of (ho '.omniunicntion through the torritory of Afo^ico than other iea$onablo considevalion that could be offered; and as Mexico herself would oe the greateej gainer by the opening of the communication between the Gulf and tlia Paollio ocean. ?