Keowee courier. (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, July 14, 1849, Image 1
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RUSSIA ITS ARMY) NAVY, ETC.
With regard to the government of Rus
sia, i must first stale that the -whole empire
is divided into fifty-six departments,
each of "which has a subordinate government.
The administration of justice is
extremely imperfect, from the nature of ;
the case, the courts being badly managed, J
and the judges very accessible to bribe- I j
rv. The profession of law is almost un- 1
i ?J it ? '
jmiuwii, mid mere arc very icw educated
Jnwyers. The Duke of Oldonhurg, n i
nephew pf the Emperor, who takes a (
great interest iu such mutters, has lately
opened a law school, which has now
eighty or a hundred students.
The navy of Russia is considerable,
and comprises about fifty ships of war, a
good many frigates, a few steamships,
and a great number of smaller vessels.
Tfaval schools have also been established;
but their commerce is so limited that
they cannot have an efficient mnrine.?
They do not need a great navy, and it is
flow far larger than is necessary. Their
ships arc pretty well built but their sailors
are not so trood as those of America.
Franco or England.
fheir army, however, Is quite another
tiling, nntl in it their grout strength lies.
In 1810 it numbered nine hundred ;
thousand men, and as it is now at t}ie
highest point, it cannot be much short of
a million. Their common soldiers, who
aro taken from the serfs, serve for the
moat part during life, and though well
drilled, arc very ignorant, The higher
officers, howovcr, arc well educated men,
and as schools have been established
among the common soldiers, they will
probablv improve. They do well what
*~i.i . 1-.* :r n
*1V> lUiU IU UU | UUV II 111 UU|/l)U Miuy
lose their officers, thorp none of the privates
fit to take command, and they arc
very much like a Hock of sheep. They
genorally;Continue to execute the last order,
although it may have become im- |
practicable, for (hey arc as brave as any ,
men in the world. They labor greatly '
under the wants of good officers of their I
own, and therefore many of their officers \
both in the army and m the navy, arc
foreigners?principally English and Germans.
They arc endeavoring to supply
their want by means of military schools,
of which they have twenty-four, under |
the direction of the Ornnd Duke Michael,
Commander in chicf of the Russian
forces. I am not of the opinion, how- ;
ever, that Russia is so formidnbie a na- ,
tion on account, of her military force, or j
that sho will attempt the conquest of
Germany or Prussia. France is more
than a match for her, and she is well
nwaro of it; for although her standing
prmy u iwico as largo ns that of Franco, |
phc has nothing behind it, like ! he National
Guards of the latter, and which,
ns events have lately proved, arc fully as
cftectivp as regular soldiers. These
Guards comprise nearly the whole male
population of France, and many of them
are those who have served their several
terms of ooven years in the army, and re- '
turned to nri: ate lifrv
? - ? -- r -- "? ,
There are ve ry few newspapers in lUisflin,
and very littlo political information
can bo circulated among the people, ns
tliere would be if the press w ore free.?
Kvery paper m>iit fronv rancc or Germany
is cnrefully examined by the public
oensorfl, and if there is a single line
against Russia, it is blackencd or expunged
in such a manner that jt cannot
no read. I have freouentlv ronrivnd
papers from Germany (Vigftgurcd in this
manner.
The Grand Duke Michael, tho brother
of the Emperor Nicholas, and head of
tho army, is vory unpopular in Ruwia, on
account of the severity of his disciplino.
Still ho has a groat deal of goo<V senso
and sound judgmont, and ftft ho is not
afraid to ftpealt his mind to tho Emperor,
ho is found to l>e exerting more and more
infliinn"/) avoi-it vniic nno f llin
men in Russia is the Duke of Oldenburg,
of whom I have spoken. He is n Herman,
and a so:i of one of the Emperor's |
lister. Unlike most <>f (In*, imperial
family, ho thinks education and legislation (
i>f more importance than the army and ,
military nflairs. I i
The Government of Russia is, from the j i
nature of it, oppressive. From its great i
extent, much must bo trusted to subor- j ;
clinate ofllcers, who arc not always faith- j :
lul, and many things in consequence go , i
wrong. These things are kept from tno j
Emperor as much as possible.
Nicholas came to the throne unexpcct- |
edly, Constantino should have succeeded :
Ins /Vlnvniulor l*?if Unfm-A !
death of ilie latter, he made a wilt tip- '
pointing Nicholas his successor, with 1
which Constantino was acquainted, and
to which he assented. On the death of '
Alexander in tho south of ltussia, Constantino
sent word to Nicholas of what'
had boon done, and where lie would find
the document. In consequence, Nicho- 1
las ascended the throne, and on his ac- !
cession there was nn attemoted revolu
lion. A pari, of the troops, instigated
by a few of the enemies of Nicholas, refused
to take the oath of allegiance to ,
him, and called for Oopptantine who was
at that time in Warsaw. After the Governor
of St. Petersburg had been killed
in an attempt to pacify them, they were
fired upon, and several killed. Five of i
(he ringleaders were, sent to Siberia, and
tlio refractory r.oldiera returned to their j
iluty.-?Dr. /hunt's Lccturcs.
1IUNCAKY AND ITS UKSOIUUI.S.
# * ,
A correspondent of the Philadelphia
North American lias furnished that pa- 1
per with an interesting sketch of Ilunga- |
ry, from which we inako the following ex- j
tracts. The writer stales that lu> has de
rived his data frome some of the host ,
hooks on which that country is treated,
and that the statistics of population, pro- .
perty &c., may be relied on, having been ,
collectod from 1SUG to 1830, by John
Mncgregor, one of the secretaries of (lie !
London Board of Trade :
The Hungary of the present day forms '
a part of the Austrian dominions, being 1
bounded on the west by a part of Gor- .
many, north 1))' Gallicia?from which it ,
is separated by the Carpalhean Mountains '
?enst by Transylvania and Wallnchia,
and south by Turkoy, Sclavonia and Cro- ' (
atia. Its present territorial extent 84,- ' ,
500 square miles. Thus i; is nearly twice ' i
.... 1
u? migu mi; uuuu ui nun - 1 ?)ih, I I
It was'formerly known as Upper and :
Lower Hungary, hut this division lias
been superseded, and it is now separated
into the following six circles, viz: Circle \
this side the Danube, circle beyond the '
Danube, circle this side the Thcvss, circle ,
i Ji.mi ... ?5? **?*"? *
ucyunu iin: nievsts province 01 rsciavoilia, i
province of Croatia. These circles are divided
into counties, of which there are 1.') ;
in the first circle, and 11 in each of the
others. The principal l ivers are the Danube,
the Drabe, the Maresch, the March,
the White Koresch, the Tzamos, the
Theyss, the Waag, and the Tcrnos.
It contains 50 large towns, 151 markot:
1 i -1 hA/l ? 1 aaH < 1^/* l
iowiis, i i, i uu vmngus, i,ou i, 11 nousos,
2,885,500 families, 5,91*7,202 jtialqs, 0,179,000
females. Total population 12,- ;
000,202. Of these about 0,500,000 arc
Roman Catholics, and about 2,000,000 of
the greek Church, about 1,000,000 Lu- '
thcrans, 2,000,000 Calvinists, 250,000 !,
Jews, and its regular army is 50,000
men.
There are about 15,000,000 of English 1
acres of arable land, 1,330,000 vineyard#,
1,800,000 gardon.s, 1,850,000 pastures,
about 15,000,000 English acres of woodlands?whole
number of acrcs being
about 310,000,000; 1,500,000 head of
horned catllo, 050,050 horses, 8,000,000
sheep.
Hnda is the capital, stands on tho right
bank of Ihc Danube, and has 25,000 in1
I \vna r\r\nrt fl?^ voo'ulnnnA
the Kings of Hungary, fifty (ill 1520, when
it wis taken by the Turks. For 100
years it was contested between them and
the Christians, and it was finally surrer dercd
to the latter in 1080. In 1810, 000
houses were destroyed by fire, but they
have been replaced with improved buildings.
. r,,wo,v^ ,V... X..V, ? ??.,
side of the Danube, is Pcstli, whichis the
largest city of Hungary ; it is well built,
conbijning mnny elegant public buildings
and mansions of live Hungarian nobility. ,
Its University ia one of the most richly
endowed on tho continent of Europe , and
this city of Pcsth contains above 00,000
inhabitants; it in about 100 miles southeast*^
Vienna.
Throughout Hungary the j&javoman
population are the mc?imancvo^H, and
perform tlm moat ecfVile "kinds labor.
The Mngyais?Lho 0iijgin.1l Hungarians
?though generally iliitchifd^rtvo a spirit- (
od and intelligent, vaco, romTof active oinploymonts
and a militm'y life?avoiding,
as much an possible; father laljwffr or frnfw\
in 1?:>7, there were in Hungary not less
than I ft privileged noblemen. The
number sinco that lime has considerably
increased. They pay no taxes, and are
I litis very burdensome, and greatly relard
the advancement of (lie most teener- 1
illv fertile kingdom in Kurope, which al- j
>o suffers much from the want of good
roads and cheap transportation.
I
PARTICULARS OF THIS CASSII S Jl.
CLAY DIFFICULTY.
The Nashville Ea<jlc of the 2nd insl.
.. 1 Til r . .
.vjiuhiio el V1UUUICU ilUCUUIlt Ul I 1113 1UUU
eneontre between Cassius M. Clay aiul
'.'ynis Turner. From this, it appears*
-hat Major Squire Turner, the father of
C'yrvs Turner, had made charges against
Clay, and had exerted himself to keep
liiin from an opportunity to reply or explain.
He finally, however, obtan rd the
stand, when Major Runyon, a lawyer of
Richmond, at a considerable distance oil"
l?lied him with questions, and 6'Jay, with
llie consent of C'henault, who claimed the
si limp, endeavored to answer him. Some
misunderstanding ortcurrcd in reference to
the disposition made of the School Fund,
in which Uunyon pronounced a statement
made by Clay false and untrue, Clay
referred to an Act of the Legislature in
proof of his assertion, and finally told
Runyon, who had interrupted him before,
that be was a mere tool of Tumor,
und was obeying bis master. Clnv de
sccrulcd from tl\?' stand in perfect good
liutnor, and without expecting a difficulty
with any one, when vVnjor Turner remarked
that "ftunyon was not his tool."
Clay replied that whether Turner knew
it or not, lie was evidently his willing tool.
Upon this, C'vvus Turner, the son of the
-i 1 * '"?? *
i .uiuiuiiic, wnjp|)uu up in o'mj', ami pronounced
his statement n (1?(1 lie, and
struck him in (lie face.?C'lny was soon
stabbed by some one behind him, beat
over the head with a stick by Alfred Turner,
and perhaps others, and a revolv ing
pistol was snapped four times at liis head,
bursting a cap each time, by Thomas
Turner. Tie did not draw his knife, nor
shake oft' the hold of those who were
dinging to him until he perceived the
blood spouting forth from his side, and
believed from (he wound that lie must
die. With superhuman effort he shook
nff tliose who held him, encoun(ered Cyrus
Turner, and stabbed him. The wound
Look effect in (he lower part of his abdomen.
resulting in his death in 34 hours.
Rk.M AllKAm.K PllKNOMENOV. Wo WCl'C
informed by the captain of the schooner
.Traveller, that on his passage from (his
L-ity from this Michigan side, while not a
breath of air stirred the water, which was
porioctly unrullled, and dear ami smooth
us a mirror, a breeze was constantly
blowing aloft so strong that with her topsails
alone set, (ho schooner ran 7 miles
an hour for some hours. During all this
time no breeze was felt on deck, but on
going up I ho rigging some 15 feet or
j 1_ _ ! "1 _ ' 1 I 1 - M 1
more, nu: wum couiu ue sens uy perceivod,
increasing in violence higher up, and
bending and twisting the topmasts as in
!i severe gale.
The captain said that the rapid movement
through tho still water, with tjio
lower canvass useless, and not air enough
on deck, and at the same time tho upper
sails filled and strained to their utmost
capacity, was singular beyond description.
i ins is ceruumy a very roniarKanic plioiiomcnnii,
such as seldom occur on land or
water. It will bo remembered that at
the same lime a strong wind from the east
was blowing here.?Milwuukic Sentinel,
Skutovs Fracas at the cjtv of Mkjtioo.?A
fracas ensued in the city of Mexico
on the 3d nit., between some four or
five National Guards of the French Legion
and a number of Leperos, in 'he
course of which a detachment of the
Mina Battalioi) came up. and blows and
musket shots were frequently interchanged,
and several of the Frenchmen
wore very severely handled, b rom the
accounts given by "Trait d'Union," it
appears that the Frohchmen were wnnltreated
and insulted without provocation.
?Picayune.
Kentucky.?Tlw Yeoman says: "We
learn from a whig' that it is the intention
of many members of that party, after
the election, to get up petitions all over
the State, requesting Messrs. (May and
Underwood to resign their scats in the
United States Senate, if, as they l>eliove,
the vote of the Mqplo f(oea strongly
ri#unst emancipation. The people of
Kentucky will never be satisfied to be
represented in the Senate of the U.
States by two Southern men with Northern
principlef."
What isjjetler than presence of mind
in :i miuv.'iyjfamdi'iil ? Absonccof body.
Punch,
r
From the C/iurlculoii Mcrcury.
ARRIVAL OK THE CANADA. |
Rai.timork, J\ily 5. 1
The steamer Canada arrived at Halifax . i
on 7'uesday morning, and Boston Inst eve- .
ning, with a week's later intelligence from
Europe, of which the following is an ah- \
straot:
Tlfw m im-'ivrfl
?'he. cotton market during the week
ending on the 22d has been steady, I'trm, |
and increasingly confident.
fkanck. i ,
'/'he. attempted insurrection in Paiis
has been followed by a more formidable j
( resistance to the laws at Lyons, where a ,
1 serious engagement took place in the I ;
' streets between the troops and the mob,
, in which a considerable numbci of lives J ,
were lost on both sides, barricades were |
thrown up, which were, not captured un j (
lil I hoy were battered down by cannon,
i '/'lie lighting commenced on the morning ,
if (lie 15 th, and contiiuied nnlil a Into
hour at night. A (olographic despatch (
from Lyons on the afternoon of the 10th, j
announces that (he insurgents were com- ,
plolely routed, the streets cleared, and ,
the city restored to its accustomed trail- j ,
qnillity. Vhcie are upwards of liftv 1
thousand troops in Lyons. j ,
KOMR.
7'he French (jlcnernl had made re- j t
, newed overtures to the Romans, hut. the j
: latter had refused to accept them. 7'lie I ,
fjondon 2'imes of June 'i'.Jd has a letter! (
from its correspondent, dated Civita Vcc | ,
j cilia, June 1<>, with the latest news from
I i> i.i ? . .1
mum-;inu i m; jvrmy up 10 tnc previous )
evening. 7'lie letter states that negotia- !
lions were attempted to he opened by j
(Jen. Oudinot, but the effort failed. Oudinot
summoned the city to surrender,
but was met by a prcmptory refusal. lie
commenced a vicious attack upon (he
city on the Mth, Pml the batteries played
upon the bixstions^or tweety-four hours
incessantly, but no perceptible breach
n? ?i.~ I
.??.?> ??iovv/t v.mimivj iiuiii uivi;aiu|i u|? in in* i ,
leaving of tho courier, A reinforcement j
of troops and guns from 7'oulon was he- j .
ing landed at C/ivita Vccchia on the 1 f tli.
j vYl Paris, up to the evening of the 21st,
no news had been received of the entry i
of the French into Rome. Gen. Oudinot
would not make a general assault, before
the If 111, when the intelligence of the fnil'
~ j1 ' i* Vi - ~ ?
ini- ui me conspiracy 01 tnc lath in I'aris I
would roach thai placo, and would proba- I
ably induce tno Triumvirate to capitulate,
j 7'lie Gazetto of Lyons of the iiOth
slates that a telegraphic despatch from
jl/arseillcs, received as they wore going
to press, announces tho entry of the
French into Homo.
CHINA.
Contrary k general expectation, the
Kmporor of China has refused to open the
trade of Canton to the Ihitish, according !
to I he terms <>t (lie treaty. This determination
may give rise to very serioni occurrences,
iis the British Government
I will, no clonbt, insist upon its rights.
Baltimore, July 0, 4 p. m.
From Louisville we learn that Hon. ;
Henry Clay is ill with cholera.
In Cincinnati, yesterday, there were I
one hundred and fifty-seven deaths. In
New-York and Philadelphia the disease '
Mr. O'Reilly lias issued a circular in
which he. states his determination to extend
the magnetic telegraph to the l'aci- 1
tic as soon as Congress shall give him aid.
Mr. Sandford J. Smith is immediately to
traverse the route to Fort Leavenworth,
to arrange with the citizens of the various
towns wmcn inny uesireto no included on
tho telegraph lino to tho Missouri frontier,
to be completed (his summer,
Oxk Mim.ion of California (foi.n!?
The steamer Crcscont City, arrived about
a week since in New Orleans with half a
million of California gold dust on freight, j
and half a million brought over bv the.!
passengers. The whole city is repre- |
sentcd to be alive with the greatest ex- j
eitemont at the tales of inexhaustible j
mountains and rivers of gold brought
by eye-witnesses, barked as they are by
tho actual presence of the shining metal.
With this arrival, the California fever appeal's
to have revived with great intensii?
/?,A? <1./. A - > -
I i.y dtui nut- uimui:. j\ corr?:sppncirnr. 01
tho Picayune, writing from Mazatlnn, in
Mexico, represents (.lie Mexicans as fit t inpr
out ships with men and armaments with
the design of ret iking California.
The attempt, however, cannot pucceed,
should they ever have the temerity
to make it. Brother Johnnthan id not
exactly tho boy to yield, possession of
any thing he has lawfully acquired, particularly
when he feels just like he can
whip his weight in wild cats, the British,
and llic whole world besides. Who hns
acquired (his glittering prize for (he
American people? Il was the result ?>f;? '
democratic administration?the fruit of
democratic jxdict/. As for the whig*, they
have never ceased to denounee it ns a
rohhery of the "poor Mexicans!" "JxtmlSteaHny"
..asthe word. Little Protocol
Mr. Stephens wouldn't have it, if it \vero
ill gold. Mow magnanimous!?Athens
/ia,uner.
okkiciai,.
A I {kcomm un i) ati on bv tiit. PnKSIdknt
ok i nk United States.?At asna <i)ii
when the Providence of God liar,
manifested itself in (ho visitation of a fearful
pestilence which is spreading its ravages
throughout the land, it is fitting that,
i People whose reliance has ever been in
I lis protection, should humble themselves
before His throne, and, while acI...
1 1 *
ivuuwu'ugmg pasi transgressions, ask a
sontinuanoc <xf the Pi vino Mmcy.
it is therefore earnestly recommended
that the first Friday in August bo obscr
ved throughout, the United States as a
[lay of fasting, humiliation, and prayer.
Ail business wiilbo suspended in the various
branches of the public service on
that day; and it is recommended to persons
of a'? religious denominations to ab
iUiiu from secular occupation, and to as>emblcin
their respective places of Public
Worship, to acknowledge the infinite
goodness which has walelied over our cxstence
as a v.; lion and so long crowned
is wuii mmm.>i<i oiessings, anil to imploro
Lhc Almighty in Ilis own good time to
sUiy tho. destroying hand which is now
lilted up aga list us
Z. TAYl.Oll.
Washington, July 0, 1810.
A
V\niCTl.Ti;KAL l'KOIU*CT8 OF TI!K lJ\IO\,
?A scientific report on (he subject of
Lhc bread stuffs of the United States, by
I'rofesssor Lewis Beck, of lluger's Collego
says that the aggregate amount of
tho agricultunil products of the United
States convertible into bread stufls or its
substitutes, upon an average of three or
four years, is about 000,000,000 of bushels,
of which nearly one half is in Indian
corn. The quantity of wheat may bo
put down as 100,000,000 of bushels.?
The whole amount of t his vast, aggregate
product required lor home consumption
does not probably cxcecd 5500,000,000,
Of course the immense surplus is subject
t<? exportation; so ' nt it is not loo much
(o assume that our mtry is destined to
be the granary of tin world.
Rfportkd Wreck of tub Ship Florida,
and Great Loss of Life.?A lettor
to the lfiastport Sentinel, dated Kin
do Janeiro, April 2, saysi
t'Thero is a report that tho ship Flori
tin, from Now York to California, was
lost off tho River Platte, rad 200 lives
lost.any of the vessels in hero have had
long passages?sonic 7 5 days; many
have lost spars and had a hard time.?
There have been one or two men scat to
tlio mines; one for knocking down one of
tho Kmpcror's guards was sentenced to
1 in slml hilt, bin wiilon/>n \?>na (./.mmnliwl
at the intercession of our consul;
A most disgraceful affair occurred at.
St. Louis on the 17th insiant, growingout
of a misunderstanding relative ton
funeral. It appears that there were two
corpses in ono house, and a funeral train
being sent to bury one of them, oach of
the parties contended that it was intend
od for them, and a fight ensued, in "which
men, women, and children joined, and
sticks, stones and other missiles were
freely used.
Sympathy with tiik Romans.?A
meeting was held on Saturday evening in
front of Independence Ilall, at Philadelphia,
preparatory to a mass meeting on
the afternoon of the 4th nf Julv. to irivrt
- - --j y O" ~
an expression of tho public flympathv
with tho Republicans of Enrobe in their
present struggle for liberty. Geo. M.
Dallas, Ksq., is expected to presiile, an<'
Messrs. Conrad, Kid or, Karlo, Lelley ami
Patterson, arc to be among tho speaker?.
The Pittsburg JJ/ercury, recording tlie
marriage of a J/ iss Holmes, President of
the i)/artha Washington foti Ahst'inem*.
Socioty, to a Mr. Androw Horn, appcn.la
the following;
Fair Julia lived a Tomp'rnnce mnid,
Ami prcnchcd its hoautin* night and urtprn,
Itiit still hrr wicked neighltom sai<l
Sho broke licr pledge and took a Horn.
It will afford sweeter happiness ii> (ho.
it hi i u? uroun, 10 nave >vipea o*ic tear
from the cheek of sorrow, thtm to have
ruled nrv empire, or to V,.v*c conquered
millions.
'^Wlmt is tlio tllffbrcnco butwoen experimental
and praotlonl pliilosophp?"
"Exneviinnnl.nl '
i ^ jimr ashing
mo to lend yon :i (foliar?jwucfienl
philosophy is my Icllincr 1 wont J'
t