Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE LEXINGTON DISPATCH, 17 wm* / u U ADVERTISING KATES: M M <j&> ^ y "V" VQb m Advertisements will be inserted at tie published eyehy Wednesday ^--V B .. ^ am / .a a. ! a. - a. a. . ~ < M H a 4 J ^ ^ ^, jJ# i jP.a rate of 75c per square ofone inch space tor M 'I Aral fflfrmti ksj B Jm ?S '"^a \"^Bl I B^^B' first insertion, and 50c per square for each IMy Godfrey Mm Harman, AH ft g| M/ jg|! Bj B 8 jS I I 1 H j ^B B Mjma 8 8 jf\ 8 8 8 8 8 subsequent insertion. W1 Jm 18/ E / JiL I 1 I II E>il I ^.a 8 *7 8 B^Bflk/B.B,B^/B Ia Liberal contracts made With thoee wish^ -LEXINGTON, C. H., S. C. M/^ /%/ M\|/ ^ W tym W V / f^T fW* WW<?W^ ^^Jn^advertise for three, six or twelve ^ " , NotK^s^ joc^j column 10c. per line % r . j each insertiwfcx^^ ". \ * ' J " Marriage notic?Wj frflA TERM OF SUBSCRIPTION., __? _ ,.__ I U : ?-: -7= Obituariea o?r fen fot at One copy one year ....$1.50 - J?- . regnlar advertising rates. :::sst~rr:S| vol. xvii. - " ' Lexington, s. p., wednesi|'v. august 17, 1887. no.39. SECOND BULL RUN.! , Story of Gen. Pope's Campaign | in Virginia. ITS QUARTER- CENTENARY. - ^ Hot Fighting from Cedar Mountain to Chantilly. Tli? Campaign Begins at Cedar Mountain, the 9th o? August, 1865-It Ends frith Pope's Retreat to Washington, v September 1?Fighting Every Step of It he Way?The Three Days* Battles at CBull Run, Gainesville, Groveton and : t. ^lanassas. afigraVli was a quarter of a century agb on Jun* > that Maj. Gen. John .Pope was appointed NBH^^command the Army of Virginia. The 9B9HHKcred forces of Banks, 'Fremont and RHKBfiMBweil that had been demoralized by the |^HB9|^Bments of Stonewall Jackson in the HafiKHV-mdoah valley were to to be united into the Army of Virginia, and put one head. That head was Gen. Pope. KHRSSBTbm-e were three corps under the com Kmdcrs named. Fremont resigned when HB^JPope was appointed, and his corps?the First ^H^B ?was given to Gen. Franz Sigel. Banks comW inanded the Second corps, McDowell the BH Third. The three contained altogether not Mr quite 50,000 men. - But one marked feature Kb of this Army of Virginia was the great nuraber of stragglers connected with it. After jV the second battle of Bull Bun Pope himself K complained of it and said half the great ? diminution of his forces there was caused by B "straggling and skulking from the army." B Gen. Gordon in his. book, the "Army of Vir giqia," remarks of one corps that its mem8 bers seldom reported in full except at meal ' time. The cause of this want of discipline is H hard to trace. ^ Pope was a western man of large stature pearance. He was born in Illinois in . 1S2S, and was graduated at West Point before he was 2t> years old. He was assigned at once to the choice engineer ' corps and was sent vey the boundary 1 in the Mexican gen. pope. "~\war. After its close he was engaged in making government surveys till the outbreak of the civil war. As a topographical engineer he - did consider able experimenting m toe line or oonng artesian wells to obtain a water supply on tbe arid western plains. ?n 1S61 he was made a brigadier general of volunteers, and the district of Northern Missouri was placed in his charge. Afterward be. commanded the Army of the Mississippi In Alarcb, 1SG2, he was promoted- to be major general of volunteers. From these experiences he was called east in June and placed at the head of the Army' of Virginia. He was to Reorganize and consolidate it. In July he became a brigadier general in the l^^^wrejrular army. .. I Kubiect of this chapter war history, in Sep- X BHHtaruber, -18*2, Gen. Pope requested to-w^w- i ^H^B^lieved of cut,-(S'lnmaiid ot'iHk Armyo^VirHRgH ginia and go back west He was" permitted to do so, and received baclr his old- command in the northwest He is now retii-ed from the regular army. _ -f Gen. Irwin McDowell commanded Pope's Third corpa in Virginia. Ho.was born in Columbus, O., in 1813l He received c thorough military education, partly at t " *. a training school in / France and ajter- * ?>*&{??> ward at West Pqint, 9&J where he graduated t I'Ji. P] in 1838. He served in J the Mexican war. He A was the commanding y!!2lF2i&- jSJi\ general at the first battle and Union de- mS> feat at Bull Bun, not blamed for the defeat, however. He ^>=5?-*-- .>>?was also at "the sec- cjex. m do well. ond battle of Bull Run in 1SS& * He remained in the regular army till 1882, when he resigned, havking first been promoted to be major general. He died in 1885. Pope assumed his. new duties .with enthusiasm. Prom the fir?t ho and McClellan dif? "fered as to the conduct of the war before ' Richmond. Pope especially opposed theretreat to the James, and thought that instead the Army of the Potomac should seek to retreat bj' the north"ban^c of the Chickahominy and Hanover Court House. The differences became serious. At last both generals requested that a commander in chief be appointed over them and over all the armies. This was done, and July 23 Gen. Henry W. Haileck became commander in chief of all the forces of the United States. Pope, on taking command of the Virginia army, announced that his headquarters would be in the saddle. He further issued a proclamation to the soldiers: "I have come from the west," he told them, "where we have always seen ihe backs of onf enemies, from an army whose business has been to seek the adversary and beat him when found, whose policy has been attack and not defense." ' t Gen. Pope issued orders from Washington y to his army, but did not join it in person till the last of July. Tbe oi-ders he issued have been criticised severely. One required troops to subsist on the country as far as was pi-acticable. Another declared that non-combatants, in tbe l s neighborhood of tbe unliy should be held reL aponsibie for .damage to military property, | Jf|| ^akeryiira attacks on soldiers, end ail acts of """ private hostility. A third bulletin ordered "that all the male inhabitants within the lines of his army ^|>ould taktf' tho oath of allet. fiance to the United States goveramen^BL Those who refused were to be sent out of the? lines.' Whoever took the oath ami violated it was to be shot. ' Tbe Confederate government had issued orders similar to these in Tennessee, nearly a year before. * Pope began military operations by bringing the detachments of bis army nearer together, making a line some forty miles long. * Sigel? and Banks' corps were posted .at Sper- . ryville, which will be seen upon the map.^f Ricketts'division of McDowell's corps was' placed twenty miles east of this, at Waterloo Bridge over the north fork of the Rappahannock, wbilo Gen. Rufus King's division of McDowell's corps was left at Fredericksburg. It is an unfortunate circumstance belonging to this part of the history of the war that there was ill feeling among several of the generals with the armies of the east This had its influence on the campaign of Virginia. McClellan had the gift of attach tt- _ u.. 4. ingmen to him enthusiastically. ms muuV-v ence over many of the officers under him was unbounded. Tbey repelled jealously any measure looking to a weakening of his authority. It was charged that some on this account gave onl) a halt' hearted support to the efforts of othei generals, particulariv those of Pope in Virginia. 'lney regarded ms appointment as a snub to McClellan, in' a measure, and resented it in various ways, as was claimed, k Earl}- in August, 1862, Gjm. McClellan deterk mined from his camp at Harrisons landing, Bk on the James, to make an attack on Rich? Hk ruond. H x>ker and Sedgwick Ux?k p<issession of Malvern Kill on the 4th, and made a reB^k connoissaitce toward liichmond. "1 Officers and men were in fighting trim and enthusiS ast ic. But suddcply, the night, of Aug. 4, B came an order from lialleck for Mc- | H^^H^Kieilau to leave the James; and withdraw |BH^^Bura'the peninsula with his whole army. BBHHtcCle!mn remonstrated earnestly. Both the James were in his hands, and he Bloow attack Richmond with good hope ^B^^HB|Bress. He to.l>e permitted to do BHH|fl3|^Kbti?g Joe Hooker," indeed, tried to HBHHK McCicliau to flatly disobey Hal"You might as well die lor a argued Hooker, B remonstrance against the telegraphed only: "The order B and you will be exit with all possible prompta heavy heart, McClelB Hv- ^ wmy out of the t peninsula to Acquia creek and nearer Pope. If McClellan and Halleck had only known it, Richmond could then have been taken almost without a. blow, for by the 13th of August that city had been nearly stripped of troops. The next campaign in Virginia was to be fought in a region south and somewhat east of where the last one had closed in the Shen-. andoah valley. The reader will observe on the map the town of Gordonsville, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. The Confederates were well informed as to Federal movements. They early learned that Pope's forces were concentrating near Gordonsville. This was a i-ailroad center, and kept Richmond iucommurjcation with the region both to the westward and southward, enabling it to draw supplies. Pope resolved to take possession ,of Gordonsville. Au order to seize it and destroy* the railroads had been given as early as July 14, but was not carried out. To preserve Goruonsville Lee had hurried division after division of his army away from Richmond to that place. First Jackson and Ewell went,-then A. P. Hill, to protect Gordonsville. Jackson and Ewell went as early as July 13. Aug. 13, just at the time' McClellan was withdrawing reluctantly from the ifcimes, the rest of the Confederate divi sions* Longstreet's and Hood's, and nearly all of MagrudePs and-Huge r's, started to join the main lody at Gordonsville. There was thus a prospect for u large fight. The scene Vas now to be changed from the Chlckahominy and the Shenandoah to the Rappahannock and Bull Run. Brig. Gens. Buford and Bayard had command of Pope's cavalry. CEDAR MOUNTAIN. By Aug. 9 Pope's army was largely concentrated jjetween Culpepper Court House and Cedar mountain. Banks led tho advance and was not far from Cedar mountain.. Pope's whole force at this time was about $0,000. M-\P OF POPE'S'VIRGINIA CAMPAIGN. . j\ug. 9,1S62, the battle of Cedar Mountain, the first in Pone's Virginia campaign,-was fought. Sigel had been ordered to march to Culpepper Aug. S, but mistook his orders and did not reach there till the afternoon of the 9th.' That aftenioou the battle opened with an attack from Ewell's division on Banks. Banks held -possession of a hill near Cedar mountain. Ewell planted a battery on Cedar mountain to rake the Union forces. Part of Ewell's and Jackson's divisions took position on a ridge opposite the" hill* occupied by the. Federal troops. The battle began with a sharp artillery fire at 4 o'clock. A corn field and a wheat field lay between the two armies. Jackson's old troops, called sometimes Jackson's own," sometimes the "Stonewall brigade," were commanded at Cedarmbuntain by Gen. "Winder. He was killed early in the action, and his command devolved on Gen. Taliaferro. Cedar mountain is called by the Confederates Slaughter mountain. Banks' men were posted on the hill mentioned and-on the plain near Cedar run, a stream crossing the Culpepper road. The attack was ordered t?y Stonewall Jackson, wfcio, in his report, savs that, finding only a -part of Popo'sarmv the blessmgm'Tvo^fen^to defeat it Wore re-onforcemonts came up. Iirthis fight Jackson had his own old division and-those of Hill and E well, nearly 25,000 men in all, the best and most experienced soldiers pf the army of the Confederacy. Banks had less thaji &,000 men, consisting of Williams' and Augur's divisions, with Gordon's brigade, not quite 1,500, posted as a reserve on the extreme right. * Gen. Jubal A. Early, C. S. A., took a prominent part in the battle of Cedar Mountain, haying t command of a brigade which did hot' fighting. IIo held the Confederate right. Banks threw one of his columns across the wheat field and attacked at that point. Early, seeing that he was to be driven back, called for re-enforcements. A brigade from Hill's division was sent to Jubal Early was born in Virginia in jubal a. earxa . 18IS, and was graduated at West Foint in 1887. He served both in the Mexican and Florida wars, but resigned from the army and studied law. He held various offices in Virginia, joined the Oonfederale army in the beginning of the war and commanded a brigade at Bull Run.' At Gettysburg he was a brigadier general and commanded a division. He was engaged in the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1S84. lie it was who made the daring raid into Pennsylvania and set fire to Chambersburg. After that, however, his star went down. Be was involved -in a serie^ of Unfortunate defeats, first at the hands of Sheridau, then of Custer, and was dismissed from the Confederate service. He went to Europe, but after the war became again a lawyer in Richmond. At Cedar mountain Banks was not aware that he had so large a force opposed to him. If he had known it, he could have sent to Pope for re-euforcements in time. As it was, after a deadly fight of four hours he was forced to mtreat, the Confederate army being twice as large as his own. So sure was he that it was only Jackson's advance which engaged him that he parted his whole division into two columns and charged S noted for furnishing a number of soldiers to both sides during the civil war. Gen. Buford was born it }t>26, and was a grad uate of West Point J,ike a horse loving tered the cavalry ser vice of the Uuitec States army. He wa< one of the most use oek. bckord. fu! 0f the cavalry of fleers during the war, as brave and willing as h< was modest. Unserved in Pope's campaign am with the Army 01 the Potomac continuously, dis tinguishing himself In many severe fights. H< was at Antietam. Gettysburg and elsewhere, ant was once severely wounded. At this time he wai a brigadier general. Toward the last of the year 1863 this brave sol dier and accomplished gentlemap was sent ft take charge of the cavalry in the Army of tli< Cumberland. He parted from his old commant in the^jmv of the Potomac and started west \ * \ ' A ! w$h a major general's commission awaiting mm. ! But just before he reached his new hdhdquarters t* he was stricken with a typhoid fever, and .after a i very brief sickness died. His illness was brought \ on oy exposure and toil in the Army of the Poto; mat. The veiy last day of his life, Dec. K?, 18K1, j almost in the moment death was upon hini, the j mails brought his commission as major general, j lie held it m his dying hands, ancfa smile of joy and gratification lit his face. Then, ^gently lay! ingit aside, he soon ceased to breathe." THE RAPPAHANNOCK. After Cedar Run, Avhat next? The base of operations of the Union army of the east was now the Rapraliaimock river. After Cedar Run, Pope gradually withdrew his army to the Rappahannock's north bank, leaving it between himself and thaConfed{ eratos. Meantime lee masse^ his whole army around Jackson, .-between the Ra$\t. hannock and the Rapidan, So,000 strong. He was ledT to this by a curious incident, which shows on what small things great events turn. The Confederate Col. Mosby had been a prisoner of war, but had been exchanged early in August. On the way to Richmond he passed Fortress Monroe. Hesaw there Bumside's "troops embarking for some .place. Where? By means known to himself,-he found out it was the Rappahan-. nock. The moment he set foot 011 the shore below Richmond, he hurried to Gen. Lee and j told him. 'By relays of galloping couriers, I Lee dispatched the word to Jackson on the ! Rapidan. 1 ; . The Federal cat was now out of the bag. | Burnside'* corps had been sent for from j ZS'orth Carolinia to swell the Army ofVirj ginia, and not to re-enforce McClellan on i the J nines. At tue same time reports reacueu ; Richmond that McClellan's army was leav: ing the peninsula. McClellan's army had not reached Fredericksburg, on the way to join Pope, when (Aug. 20) Lee's 85,000 men, himself commanding in person, faced Pope's army of something over 40,000 on the Rappahannock. Pojo was on the north side, Lee on the south, attempting to cross. Pope's watchfulness pre-' ' vented, however.. Pope, knowing Lee's greater numbers, could not attack. He called loudly for re-enforcements, which were promised him certainly by Aug. Both Lee and Pope were meditating hostile movements when, on the night of Aug. 22, a tremendous rainstorm came, which stopped efforts to cross the river by either army. But on that night auother of the odd, small incidents which determine great events happened. Pope's headquarters were at Catlet's Station, ten miles behind the center of his line. The daring Confederate cavalryman, Stuart, selected that night for a raid. He had crossed the Rappahannock before tho storm. He swept around to tho Federal rear and charged directly upon Pope's headquarters. There were confusion and wild fleeiug. * Pope himself escaped, leaving hat and coat behind him. His dispatch book was captured, however. That was all I>eo wanted to give him most accurate information, and the result shows he made good use of it A negro guided Stuart's cavalry to Pope's tent. The raid was begun Aug. 25. Jackson hurried quickly up the south bank of the Rappahannock, crossed it above Pope's army, and hastened north to Thoroughfare Gap, through which the railroad from Strasburg to Alexandria passed. His soldiers were called the "Foot cavalry," on account of the speed they had attained in marching. CM their right went the indomitable J. E. B. Stuart, with all his cavalry. Swiftly, silently they marched, like the spirit of destruction. upon the massed Confederates. Tiie charge was so' heavy that at first they fell back in disorder. At that moment Stonewall Jacksoif himself galloped up to rally the broken lines. His old soldiers saw him and shouting, "Stonewail Jackson! Stonewall Jackson!" reformed and renewed the fight.' lie-enforcements, two brigades of Hill's division, fresh troops, were poured in, and Banks' columns were *>topi^|L Broken and fearfully diminished, >h?s|fcfere foreed back across tha wheat UMKT waicn tney uau wiuc, i who wJQQPPr? u&ypitli Jfceketts' division just at dark, met * reRhling columns. The.battle "line wa^Hternie*^ anew then, and Jackson^ho wasi|MjMglit, attacked once more, but was met ' jjpgorously- that he 'desisted, and field. In the of Cedar MounfljBpJrig. Gen. S. W. Crwfdrd made upon theT3ft^derate left afrheroic' charge,# which has be^Ke famous." - ? * * . The battle of Cedar Mountaioxvas-a bloody one. The Union side lost in killed, wounded and prisoners over 2,000 men, the Confederates less than 1,400. It is noted for the large number of officers killed and wounded on both sides. After this battle neither army' moved for two days. On the 11th the dead were buried. Then Jackson with his army retreated south across the Rapidan toward Orange Court House, and Aug. 14 held a divine service, in which he gave thanks to God for the victory at Cedar run. ^ <k Gen. John Duford took a very active part in directing the cavalry movements of Pope's Vir^ ttttim " giniacampaign. He krdAnf?o/l tr\ fhft f.1> mous Bufords ol ' ^ Kentucky, a family "Don't shout, boys; the Yankees will hear lis," said Jackson. , Lee formed the bold plan of crossing the Rappahannock, getting in Pope's rear, and cutting him off from "Washington. For this difficult and dangerous task he selected ope . who tad been liroved_j^-^te^bgffl^ Gen. Rufus King was a' grandson of the Rufus King of revolutionary times. He was born in 1814, in New York, and was gradated at West Point izr 1833, being attach- ,-yi,*, /iM ed to the engineer & corps. lie was in VfiSffi; \ rf* R . urn a superintend- r \ 4r ng rail way engineer, AjS?v? an editor and ministerto Rome. During the war he was a brigadier general of volunteers, attached . to McDowell's corps, He commanded a d campaign of the Arquently taking part Vvt in the battles of Fred- c.nx. iicpcs king. ericksburg, Groveton, Manassas, Yorktowu and Fairfax. After the war be was again minister to Rome. He died in 187C. ' At midnight, after a march of twenty miles, Jackson atid his men bivouacked at Salem, near Thoroughfare Gap, on the railroad. Jackson had forbidden his soldiers to shout, but whenever they caught sight of him in his faded uniform and old yellow cap fhey sent up roaring cheers, and he could not stop them. At daylight they were on .the march again. Thoroughfare Gap was undefended by Union troops, as they had hoped, and now they were ready for Popo on the right or Washington city on the loft. Jackson's' men had informed another one of their extraordinary marches. They had traveled lifty miles in two days with only green corn and apples to . eat.' Many of them limped alo/ig barefoot. Yet there was not a straggler, and they were ready for tight. By the evening of Aug. 2G the advance of Jackson's men were at Manassas Junction on the railroad which supplied Pope. A great number of supplies was there, which the Confederates destroyed.after getting one "square meal" out them. ' Hooker was at Bristoe Station, seven miles from Manassas, and Fitz Jolm Porter was at Warrenton Junction, nine miles away, w ith ' 4,500 men. They were the advance of Pope's army. That general had become aware of Jackson's movement, and liad decided to march his whole army to Manassas and Gainesville. < ' By Aug. 27 Gen. Pope had got .re-enforce ments to the number of not quite 23;OUO men from the Army of the Potomac. They were of the flower of that army, including Fitz John Porter's corps, with his troops of the regular army, under the division commauders Morell and Sykes. Gen. Reynolds was also there with his division of the Pennsylvania Reserves. Gen. Meade was one of the brigade commanders. Long&reet was following Jj^kson, meam ing to think Pope on the right while Jackson attacked the rear. He was marchmg rap idly, pressing toward Thoroughfare Gap. His position as well as'that of Jatkson was extremely ticklish. If Pope could fall ou them .separately, before Lee's whole army could come up, then' each would be cut to pieces. The greatest watchfulness night and. day was observed. On the morning of the . 29th Longstreet observed' that his brigades ' were being suddenly halted on different roads. With 110 apparent reason they stopped and remained stock still, although he was hurrying them forward at the top of their speech In a towering rage he rodo forward to find out the reason. Ho was told a courier had brought orders from Gen. Lee, | directing the army to halt. "Where is that courier?' demanded Long * street. < * | "There, galloping down the road," said a , brigadier. "Overtake him} bring him to me," cried ! Longstreet. He was halted and brought tfeck. "I^pust be off to the rear,"said the courier, ; endeavoring to go free; "1 have orders for ' Longstreet." i "I am Gen. Longstreet," said that individual, "Where are your orders?" . ' The man turned deathly white and did not answer. Ho was a Union spy. "Give this man ten minutes and hang him," j thundered Longstreet. "Let the columns , push forward immediately." The columns moved on. But when they did so they left behind them a man in C'oni federate gray hanging to a roadside tree, 1 dead i 1 i ) 3 1 \ 1 I i Gen. George Sykes, brigadier general of volunt' teers, was a colonel in the regular army. He was a West Point Delaware jn 182-2. -He was a gallant Mexican war officer, dis-. tinguisliing himself at Cerro Gordo. Ho served with distinction in the Army ot the Potomac during the war, taking ac, tive part in the battles of Pope's camoi:x. sykes. Gen. Sykes died in 1S82. r Pope's idea was to crush Jackson byget[ ting on his rear, between him and TkoroughI fare Gap, with one portion of the Federal ! army, McDowell's corps, while the other. ! under Hooker, should attack him on the cast, j coming from CentreVille. At that time 1 Pope supposed Jackson to l>e retreating back I through Thoroughfare Gap. i But Jackson was not retreating. Long! treet was close 'at hand, ready to join him. j Furthermore. Po}>e's own army had not | ccme to time aS expected. Fitz John Porter I had been ordered to join Hooker at Bristoe ' Station on the Manassas Gap railroad. He : arrived six hours late. Meanwhile the same ! day, Aug. 27. at Manassas Junction, seven j miles away, there was a hat eXirmjsh. Some j New Jersey troops under Gen. Taylor "had f i been ordered to rescue the stores there. They I i were driven off with half their oflicers killed | or wounded. Gen. Taylor himself was | f killed. At Bristoe Station, the same day too, j j. Hooker made an attack on Ewell, who felt | back toward Jackson's.main army, unpur- j ; sued. | Where was Jackson's army, meantime? Jackson was master of the art of strategy. I i lie started Ewell and Hill off northeast with ' ' anojseand flourish, as if they were march-'! | ing in a bee line to Washington. At the i ! same time ho put his main' anny swiftly and j ; quietly on the march back from Manassas ; I northward, in the direction in which he knew { Longstreet was advancing. Ewell and Hill ; went as far northeast as Centrevilie, within : twenty miles of Washington. Then the}' Suddenly turned west and rejoined Jackson's i . army n^ar the old battle field of Bull Run. J j This was Aug. 08. In the second battle of Bull Run Gen. Robert C. j ' Sclienck had his arm shattered by a ball. He was j born in Ohio in 1S09. Unlike most of the generals J in the civil war, he was not educated at ; West Point. lie be- p j came a lawyer, en- jf/Kfi/i/ _ ? j tered politics, served / ^ s ' | four terms in con- ^jj ! to'.Brazil, entered the \?> | army at the outbreak sjg$B8s&i : oftthe war and bej came a brigadier gen-. , oral of volunteers. He was at the first I battle of Bull Run, passed through the ! campaign of the She; nandoah and took * ' part in Pope's cam- gen. schenck. ; paign in Virginia, Id 1362 lie resigned from the / <**mj ciu\? i t-cuuri fu nci tiu^ ru ww^icoa: eight years. when' he was appointed minister to England. He held this place till 1876, and found '. relaxation from official duties in the writing of a j "book. on the scieuee and art of the game qf i poker. It is much quoted. Gen. Schenck still | surv ,-es, in an age which is "Like a lusty winter, Frosty but kindly." | Pope was deceived as to the whereabouts of I Jackson's army. He was besides almost in j despair because re-enforcements which had | been surely promised, hint did not arrive. He j had depended for supplies on Washington, ! and in any event on those at Manassas ,Junc^ tion, which Jackson had destroyed. Both j mam armv'had reached Manassay^w I one day parlier, on the 27th, he might ; f. saved his stores and destroyed Jackson. As" ; he himself expressed it,-however, he had now ! to fight or starve. / The first of the series of fights which took ; place near the old Bull Run battie field ocI * curred Aug. 28. Pope believing Jackson at f Centreville, being deceived by his ruse, ori dered McDowell to go after him. McDowell ! had been near Gainesville. The march toi ward Centreville led him past Jackson's right, ! and Jackson attacked him vigorously, j This fight of the 2Sth is known as the battle i of Gainesville. The village lies near Tbor! ?ughfare Gap, southwe?t of Centreville. j There was a severe and bloody contest, withj out decided advantage on either side. Gen. j Jackson, in his report, calls it "a fierce and | sanguinary conflict." Gens. Ewell and Tali! aferro, Confederate commanders, were ooin i severely wounded. The troops engaged on | the Union side were the brigades of Gens, j Gibbon and Doubleday. " i There were three days' battles on and near i the old Bull Run battleground. The}- occurred Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Aug. 28, 29, 00. The first is properly called thebattle of Gainesville, the. second that of Groveton, the third and last, Manassas. The last one is usually termed the'"second battle of Bull Run." At the first of the three fights, that of Gainesville, the brigades of Gibl>ou and Doubleday suffered severely.. They might have been re-en forced, as other brigades were j near them, but this was not dope. The fight! ing contihued until into the night. At Washington, meantime, all was panic ; and ignorance. Haileek did not know where | Pope was, and nobody knew where the next Confederate blow would fall* whether or I Pope's armv, Washington or the Shenandoah' I Valley. jackspn nimseu was puz^ieo lo know what the Federal troops were about. When he fought the battle of Gainesville, he seems to have believed Popes army was in full retreat for Washington, and that he had ! a brush with the passing edge of it. All, J was a muddle on both sides. * j Brevet Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday,whose troops fought so stoutly at the battle of Gainesville and ? those oflhe nexttwo 'days, was a brave' and accomplished officer. He was born . in New York 1819, and was graduated at West Point. Ho served in the Mexican war as a captain of artillery. He was in Fort Sumter with Gen. Roliert Anderson when the war broke out, and fired the first gun for the Union against the seceded, state" of gkn. pot'blkdat. . south Carolina, April 12,1SC1. He afterward saw much severe fighting. He is now a retired brigadier general, living in New York city, and engaged in scientific and j literary pursuits, .lie contributed the volume "Chancellors* ille and Gettysburg" to the "Campaigns of tlie Civil War.".'.% Li the battle of Groveton, Aflfg. 29, both forces took up the fight which had been 'left unfinished near Gainesville the night before. Groveton was a village on the Warrenton turnpike, which left to Alexandria. Guove ton was near the center of the three days' fighting. A little to the northeast of Grovetoil was the historic stream of Bull Run, whence the fighting grounds hereabouts gained theiruame. Bull Run flows southi oast and omnties into the Potomac. At the battle of Groveton, the 29th, Jackson fronted nearly south, bis left at Sudley Ford on Bull Hun, i:Ls right at Groveton. Sigel's oorps attacked his right at daylight, and there was a Mood light there till 10:30, with varied result, ililroy and Carl Schurz made lieree charges on the Confederate line. Amid the conflicting accounts and recriminations which .grew out of the battle of Groveton, Aug. 3D, it is hard to get at the truth about that light. It seems clear, however, Iba't Thoroughfare Gap was the key to victory for Pojie. It might be called a second Thermopylae Two brigades of Federal troops-could have held it against ten times their number, ]t was the mountain pass to{ ward which 1 ongstn-ct was marching with ; his whole heavy division, and through which lie must pAss to join Jackson at Groveton. I If the puss had been well guarded he could not have gone through it Then Pope's army i might have defeated Jackson before he was | re-enforced. It was what Pope planned to j do. Ho expected Longstreet's coining. In an order issued the morning of the 3Dth, he I mentioned thut l?y "to-morrow night or next day*' Jxhigstreet would be upon them. Cen. John Bell Hood, of the Confederate arnij-, was a Kcntuckiau, born in 1831. He passed through the course at West Point and served in udtil the beginn'tolf ] he took sides vh pSTf ^3te MB!* ' >' the Confederacy 4 jjv! */ general. Ho ? OEJf- J- B- noon, leg at Chicl:aman^Et,i8&i_5 he held command for a time of the Confederate army, but was relieved fromlutj%> .consequence of defeats received at the htuisof (S^Tkumos. Hetheu retired to private fe and to poWty. He died in . 1879, leaving a lar&Tcmily of dependent children, who were generonyprovided for by the citizens of the south and e^where. At 0 o'clock tat very jnorning, Gen. Buford, k'ouring u^ut "with his cavalry, saw moving "clouds f dust" from the direction of Gainesville an Thoroughfare Gap. Longstreet, wifitmen, was already tliere, thirty-six hour?'l<ore he was expected. As for Lougstreeet, I, heard before he reached Gainesville the ijSe of the battle that had already begun ptween Sigel's corps and Jackson, and tb^ he says, "the inarch was quickened tofl^?xtent of our capacity." _ By 11 .no o'cl^^Kmgscreet's line of Qood"sm!^^^HPi^oered into position on the Wa^^Hpurnpike immediately on I^ngsfa^^Btickson formed their lino fvnfTb^?^^^loru% rvC <1 Klntif V of fi??nra. Ul^ uatlic *1* vi C* viunv ? uv vj v?oton ou tbe29tl' Jackson was on the right arm of it, Lon^lreet on the left. The disposition was a wv advantageous one. Lee commanded in person. Popo liacl oriired McDowell and Fitz John Porter to iuov< forward toward Gainesville on the morning of the 29tb. They were at Bethlehen obxrch, .two miles away. McDowell, Uing she senior officer, took on himself the execution of the joint order. Ho gave Porter an order axul pushed, on to the battlefield. r . i . At this ic/mt begins the controversy which led to the listoric and interminable Fitz John Porter cast McDowell understood bis order to mean tlat Porter should take a certain road, wber a large body of Confederates were seen advancing. The words were: "You pttt your force in here.*' Porter testified that he understood the order to be that he should stay where he was. The battle of JSrovetou waxed hotter and hotter. Poje was stiii ignorant of the arrival of Lougstrc.it in the afternoon. But at 4$) he sent an older to Fitz John Porter to come up and go into action. Porter received it two hours afterward. He did not obey it. He considered that he could not move his artillery, and thAt?.besidas, there were too many Confederates aKo'ut there to risk it. His sentence for disobedience and the subsequent proceedings in reference to it are familiar to all newspaper readers. At 8 o'clock in the afternoon of the 29th occurred some of the most barbarous fighting known to modem times. Gen. Grover, of Hookers division, charged on the Confederate left, commanded by A. P. Hill. It was a desperate charge, withi bayonet and clubbed musket, against the Confederate ranks, three lines deep. After ferocious fighting Grover was driven back. The. ammunition gave out among Hill's men. They snatched up the I stones from piles that lay about to bo used on j the railroad and hurled them against their Foe. When the Union dead were afterward gathered up a considerable number were found with their skulls broken. At other points all over the field the contest was equally bloody.The battle only ceased at 9 o'clock at night. The armies slept upon the field. Pope believed he had defeated the Confederates. It was a mistake, as the next day proved. MANASSAS, OR SECOND BULL RUN. fougktjh*. P Hj^^^^^e-C^edTrates H e the best~right to'give John Codman Ropes, " . of the 30th was killed Fletcher fWetatef, colonel of the Twelfth Massachusetts regiment, child of Daniel Web . COU FLETCHEll WEBSTER, he W03 killed. By the morning of Aug. 30 the last of Lee's forces had come up. He now had 00,000. men ready for action. Pope had 40,000. At 8:30 on the night of the 29th Pope sent another order to Fitz John Porter to be present at daybreak with his corps. He obeyed this time, except two of his brigades, that misconstrued orders and inarched to Centreville and remained there all day. The rest took' brave part in the fighting. It was a terrible battle, j There were a roar of artillery, a crash of musketry and exploding shells,-the neighing of horses, the shouts of soldiers, and then the groans of wounded and dying, till the waters of Bull Run ran with blood. Pope believed the Confederates were retreating, and at noon ordered pursuit. A sudden discharge of artillery that shook the ground told Lee that the battle bad begun. As to fighting, it was a l-epetition of tho day before. As to the end, it resulted in the defeat of Pope. His soldiers were driven back across the east side of Bull-Run and retreated to Centreville. There were, however, instances of heroism that day which have never been excelled. Heintzelman's -'oorps was on the extreme Federal right in this battle. Next to him came Reno, with two divisions of Burnside's coips, and next Sigel's ccrjis. The left wing was almost at right angles to the right and in the rear. It consisted of McDowell's and Porter's corps mid Reynolds' Pennsylvania reserves. .This was the order of fight on that disastrous day for the Union troops: Buttertield's brigade made a gallant advance, supported by Sykes' regulata a At the same time Reno and Heintzeif&W1 attacked on the right. They were join<3l-*fterward by Reynolds. Here the Confederate left held by Jackson was. Longstreet, who went to his aid, drove back tho Federals with a fierce firo from two batteries, and tlien charged upon them. * As Buttcrfield advanced on tho Union left the woods suddenly seemed alive with men in gray. Col. Warren, with two regiments, tried to hold the place Reynolds vacated when he went to the right. K? was overwhelmed by Confederates. The Federal troops fought gallantly, but, outnumbered two terone, what could they do? Porter's corps went into that bloody fight with not quite 7,000 men. When it caiue out and drew back across Bull Run there were not 5,000 left. The center of both armies suffered most. In the fighting of Aug. 28, 29 anA^SO the Union troops lost 11,000 men, the . ^federates about 8,400. * P|0 - ' CHANT1LLY, OR OX fyLL. Itie battle of Chantflly was fought oi\Monday, Sept. 1, on a rfdge palled Ox Hill, near the village of Chantillv. The rnnforlorofao therefore, call this fight the battle of Ux Hill, or Gerniantown. The ridge lies a littje northeast of Centreville, whither the Federal troops had Red after the defeat at Manassas, Aug. 30. Jackson pursued tho retreating army toward Ceutteville.. Ho crossed Bull Run at-Sudley's /owl the morning of the Mist. Pojie had l)een re-enforced by Sumner's and Franklin's excellent corps of McClellan's a rim*. They had come_up from Alexandria. Pojie had now 62,UQ)mfcn. Tli) afternoon of Sept. 1 the two armies fougiit at Ox Hill, in tho midst of a storm whidt out thundered even the roar of cannon. Jaiikson had hoped to reach Fairfax Court Houie, in the rear of the Federal army, and cut cdf its communication with Washington. The fettle was opened with an attack by Htuait's Confederate cavalry. First the Confederates were driven Itfick. Then they, reeiiCst-^d. repulsed tho Union troops belonging J Gen. Isaac I. Stevens' division of Reno's corp^ -In this action Gen. Stevens, a gallant officer, was killed. Gen. Phil Kearney dashed in to the aid of Stevens. He was riding in fron'iof his soldiers so far that he had got outsile of his own lines. It was growing dusk. Kearney asked of a soldier where a certah regiment was. The instant he d\d so, he proeived it was a Confederate soldier. He gdloped away. But the soldier fired a bulletafter bin* and he feR He died in a few 1 linutes. '/lie Confederates sent h is 1 ?ody undera flag of truce to his own men next day. TliDk darkness closed the combat on tho. field -f Chariti fly, where there wus bloody fightne, but ui. victory for either side. ' Th .Uniori forces eneairefl in the battle o? i I i - J ft 4 < I i Ox Hill or Chantilly~were of the corps of Heno and Keintrelman. The Confederate troops were chiefly those of Stonewall Jack son, among them the veteran troops of Ewell, Early and A. P. HilL' ' Longstreet's advance came up about the time the battle was ended. Pope's army suffered greatly for want of supplies during the three days' fighting and immediately. subseouent. His cavalry horses were especially used up. On the first day of September he wrote to Gen. Halleck: "There are not five horses to a company that can raise a trot." In his official report, made afterward, he says that, on the morning of Aug. 30, when the battle of Manassas was fought, his troops had had little to eat for two days, his cavalry horses uothing at all, and had not been unsaddled for ten days. He also complains bitterly of the want of loyalty to himself among the soldiers and officers of . the Army of the Potomac, occasipued by their partisan feeling for McClellan, whom Pope bad partially superseded. !_*' *? | "-JM^sMTO 9 ^L 1 fl^v||^;/ f^L SOLDIERS' MOIfUlUEXT AT BULL RUN. Before the 30th Pope had sent to McClellan, at Alexandria, for horse feed and supplies for his cavalry. Gen. McClellan sent fnm baCk word that the supplies would bo forthcoming as soon as Pope sent a cavalry escort for them. * Gen. Pope says, in his report: "It was not until after I received this letter that I began to feel discouraged and nearly hopelevs of any raccessfnl issue to the operations with whlcn {was charged." Ih the night of Sept. 1, immediately after :he hattle of Chantilly, the Union urmy retreated to Alexandria and the defenses about Washington. Lee pursued a few miles and then turned to new flelda. At his owji reonest, Gen. Pope went back west. Gen. McClellan became again commander of the Army of the Potomac, which included also now the late Armr of Vircrinia. A Generous and Extensive Loan. An earnest Christian lady makes the following offer to oar readers:-*' I will loan, free of postage and all charges to sach of. yonr readers as 11 ?? AAMAful A\r\ rf on/1 Wlil promise a nmciui toauiug uuu to pay return postage alter reading it, a book which in interesting style shows the Bible to be a aell-interpreter, and its teachings' grandly harmonious, viewed in the light of sanctified reason and common sense. "I want to put this book into the . hands of all the skeptically inclined, as an aid and guard against the growing scientific skepticism. It is but new book, a treasure, a mine of wealth, to many as well as to myself. And I feel that I cannot better nse my t?eans than in circulating this .work by the thousand/' Address postal card to Mrs. C. B. Lemuels, Allegheny, Pa. . A "Word to the Boys. r ~ ^ - in I ' . 'r . ,1 If we are to have drunkards in the j * future, some cf them are to come from the boys to whom I am writing; and I ask you again if you want to be one qf them? No? Of course you don't. Well, I have a plan for you that is just as sure to save you from such a fate as the sun is to rise to-morrow morniDg. It never failed; It never will fail; and I think it worth knowing. Never touch liquor in any form. That is the plan, and it is not onlyworth knowing, but is worth putting in practice. I know you don't drink now, andit seeems to you as if you never would. But your temptation will comei and it probably will come in this way: You will find yourself, some time, with a number of companion's, and they will have a bottle of wine on the table. They will drink and offer it to yon. They will regard it as* a manly practice, and very likely they will look upon you as a. milksop.if yon don't indulge with them. Then what will you do; Eh, what will yon do ? Will yon say, "No, no! none of that stuff for me!I know a trick worth half a dozen of that!" or will'yon take the glass with your own common sense protesting and yonr conscience making the whole dranght bitter and a feeling that yon have 'damaged yourself, and ' then go on with a hot head and a skulking soul that at once begins to make apologies for itself and will keep doing so during all its life? Boys do not become drnnkards. Dk. Holland. "Dvflr thft lfiff," war nftpd t.wn Vinn dred years ago. It appears in the writings of Julian the Apostate, in 1C82; also in other writings dated 1705. The dairy, cattle of the United States occopy 100,000,000 acres of pasture land, and annually yield $500,000,000 worth of dairy products, which include 1,350,000,000 pounds of butter and 6,000,500,000 pounds of cheese. The yield of our daries is more valuable than our ; wheat crop, and the capital engaged in their production amounts to $3,- ' 000,000,000?about five times as much as is invested in the entire ! banking-interest of the country. A Tough Story. An Indianapolis, Ind., special says: "A novel sight was witnessed here Taesday'as the result of the high temperature of the past three weeks. Some time ago a firm received a consignment of eggs packed in boxes after the usual manner. The eggs were placed in storage, and Tuesday morning the consignee had* occasion to open the case. \?ken the lid was removed the low call of chicks sonnded in bis ears. One entire layer of eggs, was found to be batched ont, and in a few minutes after the eggs were brought to the light fifteen well de veloped orphans picked their way | through the shells. Another layer i began to hatch ont about noon, and it now looks as thongh the entire consignment will hatch." A Kiokee Creek Baptizing. t The following is a reminiscence of' a recent visit to the "state of Columbia." A short time ago the colored people had a great baptizing id Kiokee creek, near Appling. Among the numerous candidates was Joe D'Antigoac, a notorious scapegrace whose sole accomplishment was an excellent performance on the darkey's favorite instrument of music, the banjo. When it came to Joe's'turn to go under the preacher thought a conversion of so much importance required a more impressive ceremonial than ordinary cases, so he de'iverd u: if omo * LllUJOOil OO lUlii/no. "My braderin, dis is Joe Dantnac, de banger-picker. Ef be bad his ratbers 'boat it, be rather far to piok de banger dan ter eat de finest meal of vitilsyer conld pat befo him, ah. Bnt he'l pick de banger no mo. ThsngGawd dis nigger done fonn' oat dat far a man* ter enter de kingdom of heben, be mast be bawned agin, ab. When he got shot wid de gospil gnn De debil qoiled (coiled) bis tail an ran And Joes wooly pate w6nt . beneath the water.?Aogosta Gazette. ? r - 1- "W^thoT# a Nation. \ [From the New York Tribnnej. i I In "de Sonf/' especially in the country regions where anti-wsr rations still to alarge extent prevail, tftere is mach jealoasy and ill-feeling between the fall-blooded negroes and the b&lf-breed negroes?between the "black niggers" and the "yaller niggers'?as the white corner grocery loungers of those parts call them. Carioa8ly enough, the black negroes profess to consider themselves greatly superior to the malattoes, notwithstanding the latter's admixtare of white blood. They declare that when the gathering together of the nations of the earth, spoken of in the Bible; takes place, there will be no place for the malattoes and negroes of mixed blood, because being neither white nor blaok these "ain't got no | nashnn," and conseqently can't be gathered in. This notion has some hold even "up North," as was shown by a scene beheld the other day by a reporter in Bleecker street. There occurred a "fracas" between a mulatto woman and a negro woman whose skin was of Egyptian darkness. As is the case with most such quarrels, the origin of the dispute was of a trifling nature. But the combat was none the less fierce for that while it lasted. They fought with nature's weapons, and the woman of pure African blood was worsted. But she still had a* Parthian arrow left. "1*88 done whup yer>" said the malatfco, triumphantly. "Well ef yer has whap me, I'se gwain tb ax yer somefin, an' ef yer answers dat yer kin whop me agin." "G'lang, yer can't ax me nuffin dat I can't answer." "Jos yoa wait, yaller niggah, don't be so brash. Don't yer know dat de Bible say dat de nashuns of de earf's gwine to .be gathered togeder in de last day?" "In course I does." "Well, den, jee tell me wer yon's gwine to be when Gabriel blows his trnmpbet? Yer ain't black, an yer ainfc whita. an' ver ain't cot no nashnn nohow, has yer?" The mulatto woman was at a loss for an answer, and the black woman took advantage of the opportunity to beat a triumphant retreat, occasionally yelling back at her antagonist, "Gwon, yer ole yaller niggah, yer ain't got no nashun, nohow, yer ain't. When men die from the habitual, use of liquors, why is it that their friends are ashamed to attribute their death to the proper cause ? One may fall off a trunk, while drunk, and break his neck, but drink is the last element taken into the aecoant. ?&en will vote for, fight for, bat are ashamed to die with whisky, % \ i { V ' \ / How a "tfToman Beads the Paper. _ According to Gertrude Garrison, this is bow she does it: She takes it up burridly and begins to scan it over rapidly, as tbougb she were bunting some particular thing, but she is not. She is merely taking in the obscure paragraphs, which, she believes were put in the out-of-theway places for the sake of. keeping her from seeing them. As she Bo- isbes each one her countenance | brightens with the comfortable reflection that she has outwitted the whole race of men, for she cherishes a belief that newspapers are the ene| mies of her sex, and editors her * I chief oppressors. She never reads the headlines, and the hnge telegraph lines she never sees. She is greedy for local news and devours ft with the keenest relish. Marriages and deaths are always interesting reading to her, and advertisements are exciting and stimulating. She cares but little for printed jokea unless they reflect ridicule upon the men/ and then she delights in them and never forgets them. She pays particular attention to anything inclosed io quotation marks and considers it rather better authority than anything first handed. The columns in which the editor. airs his opinions, in leaded hifalution, she rarely reads. Views are of no importance in her estimation, but facts are everything. She generally reads the poetry. She doesn't always oare for it, but makes a practice - ? of feading it, because she thinks see ought .to. She reads stories, and sketches and paragraphs, indiscriminately, and believes every word of them. Finally, after she has read all she intends io, she lays the paper . . down with an air of disappointment ? and a half-contemtnons gesture, which says yery plainly that she thinks all newspapers miserable fail* ares but is certain that if she had a chance she could make the only perfect newspaper the world has ev- * er seen?New York Letter. * ^ ^ . 1 ' Fashion Notes. , " White velvet trims black straw hals?- ' are stylishly. The Grecian knot is the^>Jatest nio de of coifiure. Point d'esprit net makes a charming ^ poke-shaped bonnet. White enamel cuff studs are stylish with tailor-made costumes. - ' Two or three striped vests accompany the costume of wool fabric. - Sailor styles are prominent in many garmepts for both boys and girls. A frilling of Valenciennes edge makes a pretty finish on a white parasol. Gimp and other fancy-woven dress goods are steadily growing hi favor. Printed etamines are made up stylishly with velvet bodice -cuffs and collar. Jabots of Chantilly edge makes sty!- . ish trimmings for black costumes of thin fabric. . Swiss sleeves with wide velvet cuffs are now worn by young ladies and by children. f ' The rich pansy colors are stylish and are used both in the fabrics and , in trimming. Black and white was never more. fashionable in the costume than it is this season. Madras muslins in plaids are made up very stylishly with bright-colored ribbon bows. \ Sleeves are more fanciful than last season, a puff at the top being the . . . t . * * ! most popmar styie. Black China crepe dresses are still stylish for half mourning and to combine with color. *' . ' A straw cord and tassel in colors ; makes a stylish trimming for a little girl's shade hat. Straw ribbons are among the most stylish trimmings for hats for young / girls and children. Plaid petticoats of black and white are wom with all sorts of black cos tumps' and are stylish, ' Ribbon is the chief trimming for .summer straw hats, satin and velvet ? being particularly favored. Fancy half belts of beads or ribbon are set in at the side seiidis and cover * the lower pdrt of the bodices, and have long' ends loosely fastened in k front, Brown and black straw bonnets are trimmed with rich wide Scotch plaid ribbon in the form of rosettes and strings, two sets of the latter being used. * * America's Pridb.?True American men and womeo, by reason of their strong constitutions, beautiful forms, \ rich complexions and characteristic energy, are envied by all nations. It is (be general nse of Dr. Harter'a | Irou Tonic which brings abont theso results. S 4 . . ? .. jcr' ? > . *? u. ' f* & j * 1 ... / * , ' ' '* * - ^ v ^ t ,