Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. "w;?*. H. tuimmikr. ' J) noted t?? i^outltem 3Ri<jUts, politics, A^vuuiUuvc, and ^lisrcUany. 9a i>kit .A^TVivtJ m YOL. XTIL SPARTANBURG, S. C? THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 1801. NO. 44. ftft? 1 f}n?nm?M?? ?? -.- - 2 ' y * ' 'J Prlee, Two Doliarb per annum, in advance. cr $2.50 at the end of thayoar. If nut paid until after-the year expiree $8.00. Ne subderiptiou taken for less tlinn six months. Money nfay be remit tod through postmasters at our risk. Job wotte of all kinds promptly executed. Blanks, Law and Equity, continually on hand, or printed to order. . Advertisements inserted at the usual rates, k and contracts made on reasonable terms. Tan Spartan circulates largely over this and joining aisrric(?, ana otters an admirable niobium to our friend* to roach customers. Tke Addit'KH to (lie Soutb. yThe Address of the 1'toplc of South Carolina< *4ssetnltUd in Convention, to the I'tople of the Slaveholdmy Stales of the United States. It is seventy-three years since iho Union between tho United State* was made l>y tlio Constitution of the Uuilt-d States. Lbtring this time, their advaucc iu wealth, prosperity and bus been with scarcely a parallel in the ? . *nry of the world The great object of their *l8j external defence from the aggre*Lmou w. . oowerful nations; which otyect is sions of more , their more progress in powztow attained, fro? '- *? of ]>eoplc, with s or. Thirty-ono mill m. '-'oh explore every commerce and navigation w,.. which soa, and with agricultural produ. . coin. are necessary to every civilized prop. > mond the friendship of the world, lint, iim>..r* , tunately, our internal peace lias not grown with i our external prosperity. Discontent and con- | tention have moved in the bosom of tiic Con- | fbder icy for the last thirty-five years. During this time, South Carolina has twice called her | people together in solcmu Convention, to take j into consideration the Aggros-ions and uncon- ! lUutiouul wrung- per pet rated by the people of ' the North on the people of the South. These ! wrongs were submitted to by the people of tlie i South, under the hnwc and ovhi?-t?iinn i they would be final. ltut such hope tui'l ex pectatiou have proved to be vain. Instead of producing forbearance, our ac<iuie -ceuce ha* only iutuigatcd to new tonus of aggression mid outrage; and .South Carolina, again assembling her people in Convention, lias this d iv dissolved her connection nit it the States constituting the United States Tho one great evil, from which all ether evils have flowed, is the overthrow of the Con' tinttiou of the United States. The Govcruinert of the United Slates is no longer the Oovertimr.it of Confederated Republics, but of a consolidated t Democracy. It is no longer a treeGovernment, but a despotism. It Is, in fact, such a Governntent as Ore it llrilaiu attempted to set over our farthers; anil which was re? stcd nn 1 d-feuted by a seven years struggle lor independence The Revolution of 177<> turned upon ono groat : principle, self government?and self-taxation. I I he criterion of self government. Where the, interests of two people unite I together under one government, arc diUVrent. each must have the power to protect its iutcre.-tsby the organi- I zation of the Goveruuieut, or tliey t-.iuuol be free. The interests ?l tire it Krituin an 1 the Colonics wcrtt diU'civiii and antagonistic. tireai llriiain was desirous of carrying out the j alley of all nations towards their t oloiiics, of making them triliutary to iter wealth and power Site had vast and complicated relations with the whole world. Her policy towards her North American Colonies was identity them w.th her in all these coinp'i<-a c 1 relations; and to make them hear in common with the test ot the Umpire, the full b ir.lcn of l.er b. g.ition* and ueee.-.sii?es. She I.ad a v.mt public debt; she had an European policy and an \-iaiic policy, which had oc :?.s;o e 1 he .e- u.. u a ion of her \ public dcht; and which kept Iter in continual { vt.ini. Titc No'th A e n an Colonies ,-a.v lit ir j imviroiK, jiuuiiv ii iinu c uiimermw, sicr;iior<J by such :i j y icy. Their interests roquir I that they should not bo identified with the burden* and wars Of the mother cottnlry. They had been settled under t'ha. tern winch pave Ih tit self-government; at Ioim so f n- as their prop* rty waste nicoriied. '1 hey l.u ! taxed them-mix e>. and had uev -r be n taxed b, the (! >vc.; ti.neat of 0rent Bri aai, 1 > tu ike Uicm a |>nrt of a consul! hi tod I. | > e, tit; I i lit neat o! Giva liriuin dctt-rutin dtoa* uiiicth puiicr otfogiluting for Ute Colonies in ail cases w. at -o.-wi Our ancestors res.sted t he pretention Th refused to be a |ia t <?t ill. c nisoli laud Governmcnt of 11 nitl tit : ain. The South in States now st aid exactly in the saute p,sil:ou lowar .i the NorUurii Si ucs that uui* tine'slot s Hi ii.e doitiis did towards Ureal Britain. The N oil hern Stales. having the maj >rity in C.mgrc-s, cla m the s.inic j wor of omnipotent- jn lr, -latino as the If it ! - h , Parliament. 'i'ln Gen . al Welfare istheoti ly limit to t.ie legi- l art n nf cither an I the n.i jority in Congress, a- in the Britis.. Parliament, ure the bole judges of the ex peri n?-y of the legislation I la i -< ; n.ral Welfare" leptircTlius. tin; Uovcritiuviil <>i thu I niled States lias b.'come a consolidated (S verinucnt; and the people of the Southern States are compelled t i ui:et llio very d -spotisiu their father* threw oil iu the Hcvoluiion of 177b. The consolidation of thefrovernmeut of (ireal Britain over the Colonies, was attempted to be ' carried out by the taxes. The British 1'arlta incut undertook to tax the Colonics, to proui"te ' British interests. Our tut hers resisted this pretension. They claimed the right of sell :i\n tioii through their Colonial Legislatures. They were not represented in the British Parliament, ! and, therefore, Cuitld not rightly ho taxed by its legislation. The British Government, how over, offered them a representation in 1'arlia- 1 me ii t; but it was not sutlieicnt to enable I hem tj protect themselves from the majority, and ! they refused the offer. Between taxation without any representation, and taxation without a representation adequate to protection, there j was no difference, tu neither case would the Colonics tax themselves. Hence, they refused to pay the taxes laid by the British Parliament. I And so willi the Southern States, towards the Northern Slates, iuthe vital matter of taxation. Xney ave in a minority in Congre-s. Their' represent at ion in Congress, is useless to pirn teet them against iiujust taxation; an I they ,? arc taxed by the people of lie North /or th ir benefit, exactly as the people of Ureal Britain . taxed our ancestor* in the British Parliament for theii benefit For the last forty years, the taxes laid bv the Cougress of the I nitcd States have been laid with a view uf subserving the interests of the North The people of the South linve been in toil bv ilmi.-a - ?: - - Ml). l"i revenue, lull for an object inconsistent with rcveuue - to promote, l>v prohibition", North era interest* in the prodiiutious ot their mincs uii'l manufactures. There in another evil, in the condition of the I Southern towards the Northern State", which our ancestors refused to hear towards Great lirituin. Our ancestors not only I axel them selves, hot all the tuxes cijllcote'l froin them, were expended amongst them. Ha l they submitted to the pretension" of the British t> ?verniHCOl, the taxes collected from Ihetn, wool 1 have b cm expended in other purls of the British Ktnpire They were fully aware of the effect of such a policy in impoverishing the people from whom taxos arc oolleeted, and in enriching those who receive the benefit of their expenditure To prevent the evils of such a policy, was ono of the motives which drove thrm on to Ik-volution. Yet litis British policy hat been fully realised inwards tho Soul hern States, by the Northern Slates. Tho people of the Southern Slates are not only taxed lor the benefit of tho Northern State-., hut after the taxes are collected, three-fourths of them are expended at the North. This cause, with others connected with the operation of lhc_ General f WII v VtllVO Ul IUU South provincial. Their growth is paraliied; whilst they are mere suburbs of Northern cities. The agricultural production* ol"the South are the basis of the foreign commerce of the United States; yet Southern union do not carry it on. Our Foreign trade is almost annihilated. In 1740 there were five ship yards in South Carolina, to build shipM to curry on our direct trade with Kurope. Between 1740 and 1770 there were built in theseyardstwenty-five square rigged vessels, besides a groat number of sloops and schooners, to carry on our coast nud West India trade. In the half century im mediately preceding the Revolution, "from 17-5 to 1775, the population of South Carolina increased seven-fold. No man can for a moment bi1iev<* that our ancestors intended to establish over their posterity exactly the same sort of government they had overthrown. The j great object of the Constitution of the Tinted States, in its internal operation, was, doubtless, to secure the great end of the Revolution?a limited free government?a govern men: limited to those matters only which were general and common to all portions of the United Slates. .Ml sectional or local interests were to bo. Jell to tin ft'ates. "'J other arrangement would they oij.'jin !"rcc govern men t/by a const itu tion common onlcderaey. Vet. by gradual and steady ctiJ,,,ac'mjoiit> on the part of the people of the Noi?'1* an<l acquiescence 011 the pa>t of the Souih; the limi'ations in the Const it at ion have been swept away, and the (iovcrnmcut of the United States has bceoino consolidated, with a claim of limitless powers in us operations. It is not at all surprising, whilst Mich is the character of the Government of the I'nited States, that it should assuuio to possess power over all the institutions of the country. The agitations on the subject of slavery are the natural results of the consolidation of the Government, lies ponsibility I.ill \vs power, and if the people of the North have the power hy Congress "to promote the general welfare of tin i nitcd .States," hy any means they deem expedient?why should they not assail and overthrow the institution of slavery in tinSouth ? They arc responsible for its continuance or existence, in proportion to their power. A majority in Congress, according to their interested and perverted views, is omnipotent. The inducements to act upon the subject of slavery, under such circumstances, were so imperious as to amount almost to a moral it -eessity. To make, however, their ituinci ical power available to rule the 1't.iuii, the N rtli uin-t eon olidutc their p wor. It weuld not he united on anym itl r common to the wholo I uiou?in other words, on any t* ?:i slitutioiial subject?lor on .such subjectdivi ions are as likely to exist in the North as in the South. Slavery was strictly sectional interest. If this could he ma le the criterion of the parties at the North, the North eon! 1 he unite 1 in its power, and thus carry out its measuresoi sectional :imhi'ioii, eneroaehiiient and aggrandize incut. To build up their sectional predominance in the I it it >11, the Constitution must lie lir-t aho ashed by Con:lractions* out that being done, the consolidation oi the North, t ?rul? . I. . t! - -. 1 1 - > - ' 1 mi: urn, ii\ uie taint ami slavery in u wa> i:i the o iviiius eou - til thing-. *1*1.0 ('ollnlitlltinll of the Cuited St a!Cwa in t<\jvi im-'i.t. I he cxperiun nt e>n >i-t -it m uniting under one Cove iiinoiit dilf.-rout people, living in different c!iuial s, and hivi.g differ lit pur-uit.s of in din-try an 1 iu.-titutio'.s. It inutta r- i???t li >\v earefully tin* limitations of sit-h a Covern ! in<nt he !.ii I dovru in l!i - Constitution?itsucci ss inn I at lc.mt depend upon the o*?od faith i.l tho parties to In; cuiinii:ir"miiu. compact, in t-iiihrcii:* tIi ii. It is ii ?i n I lie power ul llilllliill lallgitag'* i m'.'I !fa!-c inferences cm tractions ami i ervr.s ions, in any Con l.tutioii; and who \ ' sectional invrc t> am to he -ah r\ J, i.. volving the ap| t ipri.iti<m of e un - im linns nl in.nicy, it has not been the u-ual experience of mankind tin*. w i. i- mi parchments ean arrest pnw r. '1 i;. C ?:i slitutiou of the t oiled Sfiltcs, in< -po>-rive of the intci pn-.tlnu ot the State-, res:*. I on the a-sniiiptiiui that potter WotlM yield to faith?that integrity w->u! 1 be sir ihgei ' than interest?uud that t!.u> the liuiita tions of the Constitution wuild Ik* ob-eivc i 1 he experiment lias he n fairly made i fli Southern States frmi l!i comm. n ment ol the <iovcrnm.-ut, hive striven to I keep it within the orbit prescribed by the { Constitution. The experiment h is Jailed The wlio'c Constitution, by tho construe tions of the Northern people, has been ah- j airbed by its preamble. !u their reckless ; lu.-t for power, they seem iinalde to jom* pieliLiiltliat seeming par ad ?X?that tin: | more power is given to the tiein r.il Cot ; eriiiiicnt, the weaker it heeotiii's. It-' strength Cmi-i-ts in the limitation of it- \ agency to nbjeets of eouiinnii interest to nil sections. To extend the se ipe of its pow er over sectional or local interests, is to, raise up against its opposition or resistance. In all such in ittcrs, the ticncrnl Covemllieiit must ncivs-arily I e a despotism, because all sectional or local interest* must ever he represented by a minority hi the councils ol'the (iciieral tJovi rum lit?having no power, to protect it.-. 11 again-l the rule ol the majority. The majority, * eon stitutel from those who do not represent these sectional or local interests, will eon trol and govern them. \ IVce peoj I cannotsubmit toMieli a g ivernui nit. \u l 11 more it enlarges the spin ro of its pow.-r, nuist he the di.-satislucfi >n it must prodmv, mi l in<' weaker it must Iht uii . On I lie contrary, Ylie more it abstains Iroui usurped powers, and tin* liuuv faithfully it a Ihores to the limitations of the <ui-titn*i<?u; the stronger it is made. I In- .Northern people have li.i'i m'itlu'r the wis loin nor the faith ' to pereeive, tint to observe tin- limitations of the Constitution was the only way to itperpetuity. I mlor such a government there inus , of course, be many an?l end less "irrepi es?ihle conflicts," between the two great sec (iuiihui mo i inon. Ttio k:imo faithlessness which has abolished the Constitution of ihc United >'totc8, will not fail hi carry out the sectional purposes (or which it has been abolished. There must be a coalliet: and the weaker section or the Union can only find peace and lilicrty in an independence of the North. The repeated effort* niaic by South Carolina, in a wise conscr vatisin, to arrest the j repress of the General Government in its fatal progress to consolidation, have been unsupported, and she has been denounced us faithless to the obligations of the Constitution, by the very men and Suites who wore destroying it by their usurpations. It is now too late to reform or restore the Gov eminent of the United States. All conlidencc in the North it lost by tho South. 'The faithh?tsti>-K<> i>l' 11,.. North for a half century, has opened a liulf of separation between the North and the South which 110 promised nor engagements can fill. It cannot he believed that our ancestors would have'assented to any Union what ever with the people of the North, if the feelings and opinions now existing unionist them had existed when the Co stitution was framed. There was then no Tnritf? no fanaticism concerning negroes It was the delegates from New Kuglund who pro oosou, in the Convention which framed the Consi.:'ution, fo the delegates Iron South Carolina ana C"?^rj^' ' that it the\ would agree to give Congtc"* tin; ?MTCr ,o1' rc~u lating commorco by a ir.Sj "ity. uatthey 1 ' SIM.i.iirf lliu .. tli<> .' ! can Slave ir.'do for twenty yean. AlriCan slavery existed in all tin* States bui one. The idea that the Southern St it?*^ would he made to pay that tribute to their Northern confederates which they had refused to pay to < lreat Britain; or that the institution of Afriean slavery would he made the grand basis of a seetioual organi zation of the North to rule the South, never crossed the imaginations ol'our ancestors, The I nion of the Constitution was a union of sla vein tiding States. It rests on shivery, hy prescribing a representation in Congress, lor three-lil'ths of our slaves. Thuie is nothing in the proceedings of the Convention which framed th. t oustdu'.ioii. to show that the Southern State** would have formed any other I n: n; :.ud still lethal tluy wuu.d have formed a I liion with more powerfu. non-s: aveholuing States, having a majority in both bran Iks of the Legislature ol' the < iovcruuicut. They were guilty of no such lolly. Tiui and the progress of tilings have totally allcre<i the relations between the N nihcrn and Southern States, si nee the 1'i.iuu was established. That identity of feelings, in terests and institutions, which onee oxi-Sed is gone. They are now dividi i Let ween agricultural ami manufacturing .oi l c nniiieiei 1 States?I etiveen slavehol ling and uoti slavt holdiug States. Tin ir iiistittitionand industrial pursuits have made theiu totally dilioretit people. That equality in the ?i iiv eriiuictit between tin; two sections | ol the I uion whivli once ex: te l. no long er exi-ts. We hut imitate the j> >liey ol : our fathers in di>*<iKiug a union w ith nou- | s.avi h '.ding e intedi*r.iti an 1 s Ling a confederation with slaw-holding States Lxpi'i ieuee h is provcd.lli.it >lav< holding Stato ritinl he safe, in suhj rtiou to u u slavehvdding States, lu lei 1. m> p ople c:i i ever expect to pre- rv< it- rights and if r ties, unliss these b* in its own cu t> !v i o plumb r ami nppiv >, when; pluul : and oppression can ! c j ra 'iec 1 wall i:n punity, seems 10 he the natu.*.,! firdv r <d tiling.;. The fairest portions ol the w eh s.-w here haw hi en turuo 5 in! wil i< rues * and the most civilized an 1 pro* peroii- eotnuiuuit i*s have heen iinj *w ri-hed an i ruined by :iuti?liv?ry 1 .uat ie-m. 'i lie , i *>!e ol th* North h.iv< not ! fi u- in ioili t a- t'l tin ir ' '. ! J > '! . I irit.**l c- a scc.nui hi il. * . ite I I' :i ; il election; tlu y hav.* ciivt. I a- e.v .. nieiil of their | lit}. o .. v\ 1? li t . ii\ l-elar? i t :it till lit Stat, nl lit. 1 niu . StUtcH liui't 1 tin le f.e ' >11 - or -.;v. . '..i* $, U in true. that iiuuiiu I lli nfliM ui le 1 in hie election, (It : a;, vsrio.i>li.ilto ill ant: 1..\It > : .li:y 1. 11. it African >'avi i \ in I !.o-S n .< n S' . tli ryil t!i< ir j lineal e nnlnu.iti . attinuit to In, the r?-|iii diinu* of an i.. v ?ii?. must lea l t'. n. to < iiaiieij' t; li. f. i: is ri?y?t to preel ml or a !i . -! :\ r , in a Territory, win nil i i; l e ..1! .w <1 i re main in (lie St.iti ? Tit one i- imt it all more uiiei>n iluli"n.al tl: i: the nther, tie coi'l ii^r to tin' tloenintis uf ili?> >ninvi:ii t'oUlt ofllio I niled States. All 1 when it is-c 'iishlerctl, that the Northern Stat. will .- on have the the power to make that t'ourt wh it they please, an I that th- Coo stituttoil liev r ha - hceii any harrii r whatever to t' i ir t xerci-e of power- what eln 'k call lh re he, in the mil r-ti aim-I C uiii.sels of tile North, to cm.iucipati' a.' There is sympathy in UJMnc ation, which carries men alnn: \vi h nit princip ; hut wheu there is pi iueiplo?ami that jiiuoip!.is fortified !>y 1 >n^< xi-tim.; pi j:i he s ami feeliii_s, association is omnipotent ill pa..,' influences. In sj it?- of all disclaimers an 1 professions, there can he hut one end hy the -ii.un -dou of the South. to tie* rule of a soeti mi.i1 an i -1 ivery o i\en?n cat at W ash in^ton ; an 1 lh f end, i ireetiyor indirectly, inu-t he the rmeipati li of tie- s] i\ , of the South. i lie hypo ii-v of thirty years -the f.iithh *sne--- of i licit- whole fours-, from commencement of oiu* union with tli . ;o, ?'i ??v that tli |? ?*. K' n! the i on .-lav li >! 1 n_r North are nand .niiof bf, ufe i ' hrtcs uf tho slavchuldiui* South, uiid. r a c million (!<a run.-nt \ >t ualy theii laiiatieisin, hut thc.r eiaoi. - uis view of the pvilici|'!i - of fioo ov< rn n rrii<l> r if tloulit ful u In llior. il'.?? or .. ;,it!nSoilili, tlit*v > ni maintain :i ti.. >>? i union I unionist iIn him iv? N- with tin in is tin* orc.it t'lruiciit nl' I'rct! pr.rnnuiit A nitjurity is infallible nnd omnipotent, flic ritrlit divine t?> rul< in !.in i- only transforisMl t lit ir majority. 'I In veiy object of all Constitution-, m five popular (ioverument, is to restrain the majority. Constitution*. therefore, sieeorlin to then theory, inm>t'be most unii^lifoii* inven j tiorm, restricting liberty. None ought to ! exist; but tlio body politic ought simply to have :i political organiz ition, to bring out ami enforce the will of the ue.jority. This theory may be harmless in a small community, having an identity of intcio-ts and pursuits; but over a vast State?still more, over a vast Confederacy, h rving various ami conflicting inti rests and pu'sint , it is a remorseless despotism. In resisting it. a-annlieat lu tn ??ii.?<?Kvj ?? in. g B . . V, n v. <IIV U.I'.IVtl'IIIU | the great cause of free gov* rnincnt.; inure j important, perhaps, to the world, th:in the existence of all the 1'nitcd State*. Nor in resisting it do we intend to depart from the safe instrumentality t!ie syat in of government wo iiave e i.l.-hed with LheUi. rcpiires. In he; a.at:u<: frotn them, we invuth no righ's?no nilTe-a- of their*. We violate no obligation or duty to them. As separate, independent State-, in Convention, we tn .de the Coii-V.t it.on of the i nited States with t lie hi; and as m j> arate, independent Slates, each S:.?te acting lor itself, we adopted it. South Carolina, acting in her sovereign cdpueitv. it ?w thinks proj.eu^ gceede Iruni the I nion. She did 11 it ^^t with lier s ivuvignty in adopting the Constitution. '1 lie last thing j a State can he presumed to have sin render- I ed is licr sovereignty, iler <>v. nigiity is 1 her life. Nothing hut a tirar ox pro -1 grant can alienate it. Inference lias no ' place. Vet it i- not at all surprising th il 1 those who have eon true 1 a?- iv nil tin* limitations of the Constitution, should id ", hy cun-tructioii claim t!:e aunihii uinii o! 1 *' 0 sovereignty ol' thu otutcs. II . in/ aboli-h d all harriers to t!i r oii.idp^L. nev, ; p,, their lailii.'"** construction.-in tl.eope-j ration* o. t',e Iv'Wrimi nfc, it ift| most natural lt they t.'nulu * do the same toward* ?. j truth is, they, having \i !: ?. "1 )'~ 'l provisions ol the Constitution, i- i* at an ( viiil a* a compact. it uioritlv oMijzatrn. r oulv 'in the.se \vh ) i li c t.; accept its pen verted turn:*. S.juth k' roiiiiu, derniiu;^ the compact not only \ ? 1 i:i particular features, Lut viituol.y at H tiif hcJ by her; Northern cou fedora ti withdraw- herself as a party from its ohlipatiot:-. The ri_lit to do so is denied hy her .Northern coiiiederates. They cii ~i:? to t.-vt.ibludi a Bectiotial <T -potisui, not oiiiv niiiuipi.tcut in ('oti- ; L'ti >s? hut urutoi|> <t. oi u'. i r t!i Staii and, as if to inOTiiest the i;u, 'is nee. ty of our secession, the}* t'i r.u ir* with the sword, to i n e > .lie; * \'i ' . ti itrule: Citizens of the Sla. ehol - S;.u . tlu: I nitcd St.it. ! < iieum-titic.s i. ye.,' i our control h?.? e j 'ae I n- m tins % hi ! the yit.it evii M-i'i-. i?i_t?? -.n the Northern and South :*?? States. We would are j pivfi.nL 1 that other States shaild ha\e assumed the I -i'* ?ii we now epy. Independent oui>i !. . wc dt any d. .s|on or desire t > le; J the e. U'.n- I- ui tL(other Southern Slut's. hrovidctico Lj> i ea.-t our lot tor :*. 1 y i .J j inn: o'- er us ..a : lentity of j uiMiiis, inicn. and iiiiti lutloua. South i.'.hi liua <2 ibiri uo destiny | separated front \i.urs. V > L !,.. ! _lie.it .slaVi holdil) .life 1 ra , ht, ,t 'i.:;. its aruis over u l.u .' nj K.-v r than a. < power in i'.uioj e j. , ... - ?wiidi .i ; ti -ii fvi'ir t;;n< s than l!.-' 5 i:: whole I nilcd S;?t :r> \. hen they acl.ievi their iudepcud -u? e t!.e IN; ; h Km} ire , ? wiih pi *io i.o.: wli.ch ni.,1. . ,:i i list nee ii. i i , i.t.n.t to tho \v odd than liiut el any oili. i | p'.e inhabiting it With l-"il?II.O!l ili.-t I*. IlllOlis to V. fend ui: i coiiiuim dahyrs to itieounter \? n h youi s inp.tiiy 1 eoulcdi r .cy Whilst : eon .itut . p .rti.iii ! t!?e I Hit 1 Stall >. I it h i ii y our st j . * .u tiisiiip n ho 'ii h j j :u. i I it in i'.s Miigh:} -trid. > to po\v?u , I .in ! ? xj.us o. in the iii 1 as in thi I i ..'.i ti> t. \ <1 liave 1 t e w ty t ii- n now . . _i . \ on 11 nv 1 ived the I :ii n 111 I. i?'S Willi , ' ' "'at - ii< It h.tve .} or i d, an 1 \ ur y.-.t soldi**:.* have . o_;!it n I < oeiilci'ed?liot tor lie- 111.4.r-i . d he'll* lits ,t I till. iTi'd hut with th* ' t.nli of a e'en iou* an 1 d voted eiilvaitV Von IniVe Ion.; ;i .^ red and ho;, i o>ei !. shutter ! ivm.i.i.s ot a In'okou 1 o.??-i tut.oil. t only 0.1 e a. <r c.cii] .o:u, . no ai d iiy V"Ui 1 :nirc - iotis. !? .- , . 11 t':i . 1 j i d no ..10 . .it 1.. %.?iir in I l.ei o e >11 leoi Tales. All l:.oiliiil\ oi 1? ? Ii up !>?_ t w iv'i the Not til olid the ."""it 11 e fo.-t, or Ii i> I ... ....... i ... 1 1 - UMII VMI.VIH. I illlH I). II' , .lll<2 ?(' UI II.'' South are :il tu.-l drivm I _ . I. i h> tin sIitii iloKhuy whicli ctiNtruU the csi^uncc ; Hilton- \'our hitter > \ j i . . ol li.I'mli'i > and mjr.' i: .ol y mr li? '. .i t-.ui t< durati s, may have b .1 u.? .ry t?. evolve tllo.-o -ii'.il jil tin j . - nl' Ire o .v eminent upon which ii>< hi 1?i- t>l i!i 1 Wolld depend, and to j'li [ :i. ? y nl i r f! 1 1 ^r.ind iiii^-eon ni'viiid (nr.' .mi 1 1 t.i > l.-li ii j I i 111. Wo j- h ? 1 ir.t 1 1 !i r u.t lions should be satisfied wilh their insti' tutioiiH. vuiit iii.ti'at t-.1 great cicuilMit ot li ippillt >1 \\ itti ii.il: !.- ; . w ih in .ivi'l itaU. \l an- -..ii>licd v..ui >nirs. it iluy* prot't r a st hi of n. lu-try in which e p it.nl mid 1.it,or ;nv ill ] j . t 1! c 0. li :t .ui'l chionii iiv.it. 11 he. j?s '. ot 11 tii natural iiicroiLsii ol population?in..I ;i to.tii i.? worked out in ?-ig! % .1. ?and the law ??r i..iii> licit clnl iron -hall he Win ke I only ten hours a day?and tii" sabre .111 1 bayoi.et are the iii-trinu nt ol or lor ? be ii so. It is their altair , not our-. \\ o pr< i'.-r, how. ?or, our sy-oni ol industry. by winch labor and capital aro i leniili. 1 in i 111 i.-t, and capital, protects labor?which o.ir }lobulation .'.t>ii - ev 1 , twenty 1.- -i?y which s arvatii :i i- unknovMi, an 1 aimndnncc crown - iho Ian i ?by which 1 let is jiri -crvc I hy mi unpaid p dice, 111 1 the many tortile r> gions nl toe w >r. !, \v!i re the t'lUnsioii cannot I: .r, a:o broil-. i^into usol'uln - by t'i i;il"ir ul the A Inc.111, an I iliu whole World i- i.tcsscd by our pro1., * 11 .. 1 it- J mi in. .\il ill' < It -11II || I HI U> lit * |* |?Ol?:>iC in, tii In lit alone, fo \vor!? mi our own high deatinica. I nitcd together, and f< mii~t In' tlio in i-?t illtl' i i iiiK-iit, at wo at'O inn Hi'; thi- nio>t important, oi' tho nations ii|* tin* worlil. I n. > I to.-oili r, .mil we tvijuiru no oilier instrument. to iiinijuer jn ad: di inour benciicenl pmluution I"ni; I too-'licr, an I wc must ho a ijrrat. V?.u ami prosperous people, whoso renown must spread throughout the civilized world, and pass down, we trus., to the remotest ayes. Wo ask you to join us in loruiiug a Coufcdoi'acy ol Slavcholdin;; Stab s. Ordiu&ttct')) ol t!j* State ot south 4 .irodua. At .1 Convention of the People of t! ? Stale ol South Carolina beyun an I led en at Columbia, on ihe seventeenth day of Peeeuil yr, in tin- year of our Lord utn tli >u and ciylit hundred and sixty, uini thence continue I by adjourn men t to j ClrirlcMon, and thence by diverse ndiourtiTnent.s n> ?t?- <! --? ?' 1 ' - ? ? ui /Jinuarv in ihc yuar ? ? our iiurtl t?ne thousand ci^ht Iiuudic I a.el sixty-one. AN ?>iiI>t\ANCi: C'lNCUlNlNU CITIZEN' bllli*. U e, the l'coplc of the State of South (' no.ina, in CeiiVoution assembled, do dvr'mre anJ uriaiu. and 11 is hereby dcolurou and ordained, as follows: i. Id very jief.-oii wh ?, at the date of the Orjinuno of Secession, wan rosidine in thin State, aud was then l?y birth, residence or n itui uiizutiuu a citizen of tlib* State, unless a i . ' ir'u re-id< uco shall lie established by such person with the intention ol cxpatriulion. 'J. co, a'.s.i, shall continue every free white ]? : v>n, v.ho, after the dateatoresuid, un\ b Lome within the territory of this >'aic, >>r mav be born outside of that torri 1. ry,' f a hither who th n was a citizen ol t!vs State. it. f- 1, also, i very person, a citizen of any ?sic ot ti >t ites now couiederatcd under the name uf the i ntled Slates ot America, who, within twelve u'uitba allir the date ol the Ordinance of SoOesc ou, t hall cou.!. * reside in this State, with the intention ot reniatni-i.- ot>m such person's t*Lin ' oath ul allegiance to this Siate, beh\v | io\ ide 1. 4 So, a! ?>, evi free white person who shad be .?l in the a'dual amtvum, miU tary or iiavTdf of <:: > ^'ale. a:/1 *h ill take .in oa li of 111 ^ intention t.'? {s,.utinuc iM ?Ut'h scrv.ee lor at. least three inutitlH, Unite* sooner lis. harmed honorably, and also the oath of allegiance Ivhnv proscribed. In tliis case tie oath slml be ududui-Uered by -o::i ? liiiniaricnii'd >Jli. cr ot the service, in which the supplicant tor cutigcuflhip in i\ be . ne e. J, superior in rank to the : ... ant. :.ud thereupon certificate vd' the ... iislup of tiic applicant sIihII Lie signed d. , U livclcd to the atndi r{ -C..if .- also, evory free white person, not .11.. .. .? ol any oi* tho Stat abovo ment. aid. wlio at tho .late of tho Ordinance ol ><"< ,-v-i >t, v i- r? lie/ ; : ihi-> Statcr who, wilh.n on.- .ear tro:a ti:^t date, iu.il eutae iv .de in tl.ir State, wills tho intention d'ivu.uin^. u:> hi mi?J? person's cj#pca.iii}t b< tyro t! ? (' art ul <' uta.ua Plou kr any <1 iL Jicth i i t'.;s State, cjlabiikhin^: l>\ Li i r !11:r o.vn o.:.h ti.e residence unit in ;,>>11 In-re required, and taking tho < "!i i t udi-'^iaiiee and a.jmatiou below II i..vJ. ? i , al.--?. ev-ry person, not a -citizen < , ;.i.y n. S.alt s anoVO in titiont'J, at the .lot .r. i.a.d, wlio ui.iy C'line to reside in this .""ate, w;th the intention of remaining, ami in .y bo naturalized according t? tiie :..*i ; r tuition 1 iws n! this State, until they iii.*y bo alicied or rescind, il?e iiuturali /. 111011 la Wii ut tile I lilted States, aCCOUimOda1, i to tin- -j.i l*. d condition nl the Slate, ar li. r. hy made *ho iaW^ of this State, ex ei'l>t ibat instead ut the oaths riiimrel by tii iav.-. in the tinal aet, the uatii ol alle* j fiance to 111.St .te, and ol adjuration beU.w piovidc 1, shall be taken. ! 7 in u.i i >. s, the citizenship of a mail -i. ill i xtciid ta hi Wife, jr -out or tuture. ivh< never ?.:.e shall have u reside nco iu State, an i ?li ill i xtoii 1 a Is > to each ol I., i uilil'i !, th .1, u.i I or the a._e ol eij;btoe.'i yea's, may have *a re.-idi lice ill the S ale. in l.Lv in..liner, tin- en./.o-hip id i wii.n .ii . e i xi :n 1 io each ot her cliii, Ii. i. iii it. ti11-1 r lite a.;e o| e.^lit'ei? years, it. . ii . i a iear 1 n i.i lIn Si.a . ; I'luv ided, i .. i t no c - -drill ui/. .i>1iiii extend t.? .ii^> j^-i on who ii -t a t.ce white ]?tsoo s. Ill oi li .! ail.-o.ane to this Statu sh i I he in the i illow'ui^ t- rni, to wit: "l lo .-Wear por alb. Ill that 1 w ill he faithful oei :rie nlo-.tanee hear to the State o| S .'Ii ?\ir d..:a. -> 1-ti as I may continue ' a eil ... Ii t .Cieol. ' 11: o.tii oi ai juration shall he in the i d .in lor ii. to wit: I ii. - Wear (or tit 4 t |I I do IVIi. llliPe, a: d !d|-('\? i abI tie, ad . Io .-i.niee .ml fidelity to every i'iiii -, I'otentate. State or Soverx i^nly w h : < ver, except the State ol South > aioiina.' i i, a! t'liai' -.-ion, the ]?t ilay of .Tan* u n I!ie y i .o oi ci u l.ird one thousand ' i_hi hundred an I sixty-one. M. 1*. .1 \ i - UN, I*'resident. Att. -t, i>. I". Ait rut :t,('lork. an nnnix wet: *ro nrrixr: and rt jrisii Tit K Asl >\. We, the people os the State of South rat ?1 oi, iii Cunvinititffi SMCiitlilM, do del clare and ordain, and it is htnebv dSdlitw ami <|| i .i lie I. ill t III ail lltiotl lowliut ll.i-] Uci'ii :?!r? .t Is dcei-iivl I<> lie trv.isoti hy the <itMrr.ll A-'rlllo! V. 11 iM.n >11 against thin Stat ,.i ? > ?i -1 ^ r t?u! v in levying war l a^uin-t tin' >:ate or a<ilu rin^ <o its one n , i v 111 tin hi ail ami comfort; ati<| it tir.iMin .-ii. It I| U'ii>licii L?y death whIioiii liciuli; of clei _y. I vnit'at ' 11..r;? -:. ;?, 11? thirty day o! i i niicr, in the year of our |.unl out tlivias.ui i ei-^ht hundred md sixty. I > i .1 \ M ! - ( v\ . I 'rc.-idcnt. Atti .-t, 1>. 1'. Ait i Hint, Clei It. AN nltlilNAM r < UNC: UMNO V?>WKR* I. All I. \ \l : ill IN till LMNltlttSS or Tilt, i M rr.ii statks. | W o, t'no !'ir jflo <>f" the Ftato nfSout ( i I .1. Ill < 'oiivout ioti nvoiiiMod, do (U clare :u. I ordain. and it is hereby declared mi I oi l.iiuoil, i li.it a!l power* which, h) l his State, were lu rotrtore de'e^ato t?? thi t.'on^ross of tho United i>tnte* shall Lk I mnimmmhim vested in the General Assembly, except that during the cx.atcuee Of this CunVention tlie power ul' tlie General Assembly -hall nut extend Kit! out the direetiou ol th to (,'on Ten tion, to any of thvae subject* viz : duties and {uipor'tM, tlu* post office, the declaration of war, treaties, contedtracy with other States, citizenship, and treason. Dune at Charleston, the thirty first day of December,- in the year of our Ixml one thousand eight liun lr. d an 1 sixty. 1> F. JAMISON, 1 resident. Attest, 11. F. Arthur, Clerk. AM ORDINANCE OoNCKKMNO JUDICIAL POWURS. Wo-, the people of the State of Foutli Caroliio, in Convention axMtiublcd, do declare ami orda.ii,.uiid it is hereby declarel n orda n 1, That "the judicial power here to fore delegated by thie State, so as to form a part of the judicial power of the Flii c States, h ivitig reverted to this >t t . si a I he cxcrc >cl hy such courts as tho General Assembly shall direct. Lmtie at Charleston, the thirty-first day of December, in the year or our Ijord one thoUsulid richt humlied Hi.d sixty. D. F. JAMISON, Prceident. Attest, b F. Arthur, Cle k. Oebate in (lie Convention, ON TUK KtCusslON OK so L I U CAROLINA Judge Mugrath. I think t-he special matter of t is ordinance should be immediately considered. To my uuder.-Luidiujt then is tin Collector ol'the Fori nor i'ouuraster n >*v withi i the liui.ts of South Carolina What yea have done to-day has extin gui:.'u? ith< authority of every man in South Carolina deriving his authority from the (ien?.ral Government, i am in l'avor ol this U>Jv uiabin r such provisionalarrange ments u-? may he nece-?S*iry in the interval which may exist between this niomeut and the time the Legislature may act. I mi*. Ite ^^^j^t^^^wi^^^^^assaiiutioniiig no eompnuti ,m'. It is no<*?>r?ary, 1 nctiu lain, lit ?t Irmn fiilfcn to thirty per cont. o ?' (folic* imposed by a (.'on^rotw of th? I n ted States should continue to be levied* otherwise our people will suffer urribb calamity. As to the carrying of tho Mails ltltbe pre. 0 it contract be asauned bf , South Carolina instead of the United States. . > . ;t Mr. Blictt, The great revolution roust go on with as little change a? possible to the eountry. By making tho Federal agents oars, the machinery will more on. * . T ie Fed< ral laws of taxation must not euUt over ua. \Vc are nut* contending tor tta great pr'cciplc of taxation, i trust the ptoicot Kystetu of taxation has fallen torever. Mr. Ba'n well Wc have secedod front the Unit?d States r.L established our tn> Impendence. We i't allow liie United 'fates to exorcise .authority over us *n1 " in -re I -t"f till. ru..tnl ?. ??"? t. -a? I ^ nlieoil if hoc iMuy. There never vu anJt n,' purchased worth having unices at h co-t of Kacrl?ee. Mr. Mustek. In r g.rd to the luuil, all restrictions must be renioved- Let us appoint ou.- own officers let the Collector f the l*ort battle with the difficulties as .lieJ CU1U9. At 11.40 P. M., the Convention tooVa recess to in et at In-?titu?e Hall at GviiO, for ilie purpose of signing the Ordinance. Historical. The following item ot history will be of gnat iut rest te our readers at the present t.iuc. as most oi them know site occupies he same position to the State as it did bef .re the r? Tolutiwn?so with our people. The fort is r.ow manned by the Moulirica of the present day. ' On Saturday, the fourtceutl^^fl^^^^^H the Britisl^M|^^^^|^^^m arte "Tit