Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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r. -mi?',,, : Twi ii ii i ii ii ii ii ? ! i in ? ????? by cavis & tbimmier. Dowtefc to 3ou%nt ttigfjto, politics, Agriculture, unit ittxscdJaui}. ' t2 pee annum. VOL.. XIY. SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 19, 1857. . ~ pfo 4. ' Xii-JiiULi-jnLj i_i L_ Tfffi flABAtTVA Bt>AD1?Aw t -1 *- ? - BY OAVIS & TRIMMIEJR T. 0. P. VBBNOlff, Aisooiate Editoi tPOLtAR* per annum in advance, 1*.50 at tno eud of the year. If not paid u *?W the year expires $3.00. Payment will be considered in advance if m within three months. No subscription taken for less than six moni Money may bo remitted through postmasteri our risk. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates, i csntrnots made on reaeonablo terms. The Spartan circulates largely over this i aljoiaing distriots, and oilers an admirable modi k to our friends to reach customers. Job work of all kinds promptly executed. Blanks, Law and Equity, continually on )u or primed to order. CAROLINA SPA1ITA! MR. BUCHANAN'S INAUGURAI Fellow-Citizens: I appear before you tl day to take the solemn oalli that I u faithfully execute the office of President the United States, and will, to the best my ability, preserve, protect and defend t Constitution of the United Slates. In < tering upon this great office, I must huml invoke the God of our Fathers for wisdc and firmness to execute its high and n ponsible dul:es in such a manner as to r< tore harmony and the ancient fricndsL among the poople of the several States, a to preserve our free institutions througho many generations. Convinced that I o' my election to the inherent love for tl Constitution and the Union which still ai mates the hearts of the American poop let tue earnestly ask their powerful suppr in sustaining all just measures calculated perpetuate these, the richest political hie: ings which lieaven has ever bestowed up* any nation. Having determined not to become a ca didato for rc-eiecliou, 1 shall have 110 ir tire to influence my conduct in adrainish ing the government, except the desire ah and faithfully to serve my country, and live in the grateful memory of my countr men. We have recently passed through Presidential contest in which (he passio of our fellow-citizens were excited to tl highest degree by questions of Jeep and ' tal importance; hut when the people pr claimed their will, the tempest at once su aided, and all was calm. The voice of the majority, speaking the manner prescribed by the Constilutio was heard, and instant submission followc Our own country could alone have exhib J J . . j 1 , Ou so graiiu mou a.nn>iig a spectac.e 01 n Capacity of man for self govern met What a happy conception then was it f Congress to apply this simple rule, that ti will of the majority shall govern, to tl settlement of llio question of domestic si very in the territories. Congress is neith to legislate slavery into any tcnitory State, nor to vcliiiln it I?m leave the people thereof perfectly free form and regulate their domestic in?titutio in their own way, subject only to the Co stitulion of the United States. As a natur consequence Congress has also proscribe that when the Territory of Kansas shall I admitted as n Sure, it shall he admitted i to the Union with or without slavery their Constitution may prescribe At the tin of their admission. A difference of opinion has arisen in i gard to the time when the people of a ler tory shall decide this question for the! elves. This is happily a matter of but I tie practical importance, and, besides, it a judicial question which legitimately I longs to tiie Supreme Court of the Unit States, before whom it is now pending, ai will, it is understood, ho speedily and iiu: ly settlod. To their decision, in c >muv with all good citizens, I shall cheerfully su mit, whatever this may he; though it h been my individual opinion that under l Nebraska Kansas act. the appropriate peril will he when the number of actual residei in the territory shall justify the formati< of a constitution with a view to its adm ion as a State into the Union. But this as it may, it is the imperative and i dispensable duly of the government o( t United Stales to secure to every reside inhabitant tiro freo and independent e pression of his opinion by his vote. This sacred right of each individual ini be preserved. This being accomplishc nothing can be fairer than to leave the pt ploofa territory free from all foreign interf< once to decide thoir own destiny for thei HP.lvA* Ruliiortf Anlit ...-.vv* viiif ?v kiiu vuuauvuiiyn the United States. Tlie whole terrilori question being thus settled upon the prim pie of popular sovereignty?a principle ancient as free government itself?eve thing of a practical nature has been dei ded, and no other question remains for n justment, because all agree that under t (Constitution slavery in the States is beyoi the reach of any human power, except tTi of the lespective States themselves where it exists. May we not then hope that l long agitation on this subject is approac ing its end, and that the geographical p< ties to which it has given birth, so mu dreaded by thotFalher of his Country, w speedily become extinct. Most happy will it be for the count when the public mind shall be divert from ibis question to others of prossii nil more practical importance. Throug out the whole progress of this agitatic which hat scarcely known an)" interinrasii for more than twenty years, whilst it h been productive of no positive good to ai human being, it has been the prolific sour of great evils to the master, to the slave ai to the whole country; it has alienated ai estranged^lhe people of the sister Stales fro each other, and has even seriously enda gored the very existence of the Union?n has the danger yet entirely coated. Under our system there is a remedy f all mere political evils in the sound sen and sober judgment of the people. Tit is a great corrective. The political subje< which but a few years ago excited and ? asperated the public mind, have pats it nwHj, niiu mu uvn nenriy lorgotten?but tbis question of domestic slavery is of far a greater importation than any mere political question, because, should the agitation con\ tinue, it may eventually endanger, the personal safety of a large portion of our countil trytnen where the iustitulion exists. In that event, no form of government, however ode admirable in itself, however productive of material benefits, can compensate for the i at 'OSS PeRC0 an^ domestic security around the family altar. Let every Union-loving in<] man therefore exert his best influence to suppress this ngitation, which, since the re?nd ce?i legislation of Congress, is without any um legitimate object. It is an evil of the limes that tnen have ind undeitaken to calculate the mere material value of the Union. Reasoned estimates ? have been presented of the pecuniary profits and local advantages which would result to ; ' different Stales and sections from its dissolution and of the comparative injuries J- which such nn event would inflict on other his States and sections. Even descending to rill this low and narrow view of tho mighty of question, all such calculations nre at fault, of The bare reference to a single consideration ho will bo conclusive on this point, jn- We at present enjoy n free trade through>|y out our extensive and expansive country >ni such as the world never witnessed. This os- trade is conducted on railroads and canals, js- on noble rivers and arms of the sea, which iip bind together the North and tho South, the ud East and West, of our confederacy. Anuiut hiiate this trade, arrest its free progress by we 'he geographical linosof jealous and hostile he States, and you destroy the prosperity and ni- onward march of the whole and every part, le, and involve all in one common mill. >rt But such considerations, important as to they aro in themselves, sink into insigniflss canco when wo reflect on tho territic ovils on which would result from disunion to every portion of the Confederacy?to the North n- not more than to the South?to the East io- not more than to the West. These I shall >r- not attempt to portray, becauso 1 feel tin i|y humble confidence that the kind l'rovidonce to which inspired our fathers with wisdom to j frame the most perfect form of government a ?ud union ever devised by man, will not ns sutler it to perish until it shall have been l,o peacefully instrumental, by its example, in >-i- the extension of civil and religious liberty ?? u- (uivu^iivui iiiu wunu. b Next in importance to the tnaintfnar.ee of the Constitution and tlio Union, :? the in duty of preset ving the government Irecf'Otn n, die taint or even the suspicion of coriupd. tion. i'ublie virtue is the vital spirit of it- Republics, and iiistoiy proves tliat wbeu i !ie i h'.'.a was uecayed and liio iove of money has ! it. usurped its place, although tho forms of free , or government may remain for a season, the i l0 substalice lias departed forever, Our prosic cut financial condition is without a parallel a- in history. No nation has over befoiebecn Br etnbaiinsacd from loo largo a surplus in the or treasury. to This almost necessarily gives biith to to extravagant legislation. It produces wild ..< - i:. hp. cviivines vi c*jicuuui"c?, ami oegets Jt race n- of speculators and jobbers, whose ingenuity al is exerted in contriving and promoting ex-,1 pedicnts to obtain the public money. The he party through its official agents, whether u ! rightfully or wrongfully, is suspected, and n& ! ilia character of the Government sutlers in ue j the estimation of lliu jreople. This is in it | self a very great evii. The natural mode of e- relief from this embarrassment is to appro- ! rj. priate the surplus in the Treasury to great n national objects, for which a clear warrant it- chd be found in the Constitution. Among ;H these, I might mention the extinguishment >e- of the public debt; a reasonable increase of ed the Navy, which is at present inadequate' ml to the protection of our vast tonnage afloat j n|. ?no?v greater than that of any o'.her na>n lion, as well as the defence of our extend h ed sea coast. us It is beyond all question the true princi he pie that no more revenue ought to be col j,l lected from the people than the amount its necessary to defray the expenses of a wise, mi economical, and eilicieul administration of is- the Government. To reach this point it I he was necessary to resort to a modification of n. I the tariff, and this has been accomplished |,o i<> such a manner as to do as little injury a* nt may ha\u been practicable to o ir domestic1 ,x- manufactures, especially those necessary for j the defence of Lite country. Any disctimi- ' ist nation against a particular branch for the id, ' purpose of benefitting favored corporations,' >0. j individuals or interests, would have been >r. : unjust to the rest of the communiiv ?>i.l in. inconsistent with that spirit of fairness and of equality which ought to govern in lire ad ,H| juslmentof a revenue tariff; hut the squalid* ;i- ering of the public money sinks into comas pa rati ve insignificance, as a temptation to ry j corruption, when compared with thesquand ci- ! ering of the public land. No nation in the ,j. tido of time lias ever been blessed with so he ricli and nobie an inheritance as we enjoy 1(] in the public lands. ,nt In administering this important trust, tin ' whilst it may bo wise to grant portions of l,e them for the improvement of the remain- ; h- der, yet we should never forget that it is our cardinal policy to reserve these lands as inuch ch ; as may bo for actual settlers, and this at ill moderate prices. We shall thus not only best promoto the prosperity of the new ry Stales by furnishing them a hardy and cd independent race of honest and Indusng trious citizens, hut shall secure homes h- for our children, and our children's childm, j ren, as well as for those exiles from foreign an : shores who may seek in this country to as improve their condition, and to enjoy die ny blwisings of civil and religious liberty. Such oe emigrants have done much to promote the id : growth and prosperity of the country. They ^d 1 have proved faithful both in peaco and in in war. After becoming citizens they are on-i n- tilled, under (he Constitution and laws, to or he placed on perfect equality with nativo born citizens, and in this character they or should ever be kindly recognised, so The Fedeial Constitution is a grant from oe j the States to Congress of certain specific :ts | powers, and the question whether this grant ix-i shall be liberally or strictly oonstrued has, ed ' more or less, divided political parties from | the beginning. Without entering iulo the an argument, 1 Jesiro to State at the comtrtence* CI ment of my administration, that long expe- dc rienco and observation have convinced tne sp that a strict construction of the powers of of the government is the only truo as well as du the only safe theory of the constitution, no Whenever in our past history doubtful co powers have been exercised by Congress, au they have never failed to produce injuries Ui and unhappy consequences. Many such i instances might be adduced if this were tho tin proper occasion. Neither is it necessary tui for the public service to strain the language su of the constitution, because all the great and mi useful powers required for a successful administration of the government, both in pence and in war, have been granted either in express terms or by the plainest iraplication. Whilst deeply convinced of these truths, rc< I yet consider it clear, that under the war- on making power Congress may appropriate m< money towards tho cousiruction of a military road, when this is absolutely necessary sib for the defence of any State or Territory of 8l,| the Union against foreign invasion. Un- \fi der the Constitution Congress has power to fli declaro war, to raise and support atmies, to provide and maintain a navy, and to call j,j, forth the militia to repel invasion. Thus endowed iu an ample manner with the war- cjt making power, the corresponding duty is \y required that tho United Stales shall protect each of them (the States) against inva- jnj sion. How is it possible to afford this pro- rj4l tection to California and our l'acific posses- jtj4 sions, except by means of a military road through tho territory of tho United Slates, fI4J over which men and munitions of war may HC| he speedily transported from tho Atlantic seJ Stales to meet and repel the invader? In QHI case of a war with a naval newer much stronger than our own, we should then have ni< no other available access to the Pacific coast; t)f because such a power would instantly close |ic tho route neioss the Isthmus of Central CCj America. pv It is impossible to conceive that whilst da the Constitution has expressly required Congress to defend all tho States, it should tin yet deny to them by any fair construction J,.| the only possible means by which one of n1}, these States can bo defended. Besides, the (in Government, ever since its origin, has been (W, in the constant practice of consli acting tnili- to tarv roads. It might also be wise to con- pr, sider whether the love for tho Union, which .\I<> now animates our fellow-citizens on the Pa- tJu cilic coast, may not be impaired l?y our neglect or reins*.' I? wwriJe for them, in ,?c their remote and isolated conuuJCV the on- tW( ly means by which tho power of the Slates iy , ou this side of the Kooky Mountains can tr;i reach them in suliicienl lime to protect them Up, against invasion. I forbear, for the present, ftvjiii expressing an opinion as to tho wisest mL and most economical mode in which the tie) Government can lend its aid iu accomplish ijt, ing this great and necessary woik. 1 be- |ics lievo that many difficulties in the way, the which now appear formidable, will in a j)ti great degree vanish, as soon as the nearest the and host route shall have been satisfactori- 1 ly ascertained. It may be light that on the this occasion I should make some biief re- ste< marks as to our rights and duties as a mem- the her of the great family of nations. pUi In our intercourse with litem there are Me some plain principle* approved by our own ' experience from which we should never de 1 gei part. We ought to cultivate jteace, com 1 inerce and friendship with all nations, and j of (Ins nol merely as die beat means nf promo- i jn ling our own national interest, but in a spirit of christian benevolence towards fel- fift low men wherever their lot may bo cast, go< Our diplomacy should bo direct and frank, Sei neither seeking to obtain moie, nor accept- cf ing less than is our due. Wo ought to St: cherish a sacred regard for the indepen- cjp deuce of all nations, and never attempt to interfere in tho domestic concerns of any, Tn unless this shall be imperatively required nie by tbe great law of self preservation. ! coi To avoid entangling alliances lias been a sol maxim of our policy ever sinco tbe days of ( bo Washington, and its wisdom no one will at j for tempt to dispute. In short, wo ought todo car juslico in a kindly spirit to all nations, and Th require justice from them in return. It is di< our glory, that while other nations have ex ?li tended their dominions by the sword, we have never acquired any leriilory except by | tin fair puichase, or, as in the case of Texas, by 1 the voluntary determination of a brave, kin > pa dred and independent people to blend their ret destinies with our own. Even our acqui- , nu silions from Mexico form no exception. ; wil Unwilling to take advantage of the fortune tie of war against a sister ltepublic, we pur- hbi chased the possessions under the treaty of the peace, for a sum which was considered at th< tho lime a fair equivalent. ' led Our past history forbids that wo shall in ho tho future acquire territory unless this he coi sanctioned by the laws of justice and lion- di< or. Acting on this principle, no nation will have a right to iuteifere, or to complain, if, Uli in the progre>s of events, wo shall still fur- na iher extend our possessions. Hitherto in all our acquisitions, tho people under the American Hag have enjoyed civil and leligious liberty, as w ell as equal and just laws, ( K" and have been contented, prosperous, and | happy. Their trade with the rest of the VK:| world has rapidly increased, and thus eve nci ry commercial nation lias shared largely in their successful progress. I shall now pro- r PAAil In IllLa ilia nnlll lxrAjn.il. ..I I." il..? I Oil Constitution, whilst humbly invoking the blessing of Divino Providence on this groat people. James Bcciiacan. On concluding his address the President elect turned towards Chief Justico Taney, ,ul who advanced and extended the Biblo to- 0'> wards Mr. ltuchanan, Administered the oath "" of office in the terms presented by the Con- j ' stitution, a* follows: "/do solemnly siecar that I will faith fully execute the Office of President of the s*' United States, and will to the hest of my ' ability preserve, protect and defend the Con stitution of the Uniied States." During the taking of this solemn attesta- r;,> tion the deepest interest was manifested, tcr and the multitude wero stilled in the most earnest attention. When it was eonluded, I sm id those upon the platform followed the lief Justice in cohgratulatltig the Presint elect upon his nccession to office, the ectators joined in an enthusiastic acclaim applause, whilst tho swelling music of a zen bands and the roar of cannoD aniunced that the important ceremony was mpleted, and James Huchanan duly inguratcd as the fifteenth President of the nited Stales. After receiving the congratulations of i)so surrounding him, the President re rued to the Senate chamber, and was bscquenlly conducted by the Senate ComUee to the Presidential Mansion. New Treaties with Mexico. The New Orleans Picayune gives tho folding particulars in relation to the treaties enlly concluded between Mr. Forsyth, r minister in Mexico, and President Comfort: Tho Mexican Extraordinary, the best pus tie authority, has given publicity to the bstauco of the new treaties negotiated by ?. Forsyth, and brought by tbe Guerrero, e Extraordinary not being itself at hand, i translate from the Trail d'Union, which res full credit to the statements o( its conpornry. The treaties were signed at the y of Mexico, on Wednesday, tho 5lh ult. e translate: Tho tieaties are five in number, depend5 upon each other, and all complete an arigeiucnt, the object of which is to relieve ixico of her financial difficulties, to bring her coasts a commercial fleet, and to her ntiers a trade which will give new life atld .ivitv to her commerce by land and by i. Wo givo iu order the substanco of ill treaty. The tii.-t treaty piovilesfor the establishmt of a commission for the examination all claims of the citizens of both Repubs against the government of either, exiting tho American claims provided for Mexico l?y tho treaty of Guadalupe lliIgo. Tiio question of Mexican claims against ? United States, by reason of tbe Indian prcdalious upon the frontier, and eomforibly to tho 11th article of the treaty of tadalupe, being a point in discussion beecn tbe two Republics, will be submitted the arbitration ot the Emperor of the such. If the decision be favorable to 1V;?? .. :ii l. i . > * ?iw, HI? Mniliia Mill u? oruugiu oetore ; ) commission. The commission will bo composed of four ! inters and iwo secretaries, named by tliu i j go"?rniuents, who will have the power i rject a filllimetsi!'?r. who will act as atbi- ! lor, nil J who >H!l decide a!! questions1 >n which the four first members ditler. rho second treaty, one of reciprocity, Vs" lishes the freedom of trade in certain ar i en of commerce cnuinotaled, on the ter- j jry and fior.tier rivers of the two repub- 1 i?but to the exclusion of the lines on i i coast. This treaty is based upon the I nciples of the reciprocity treaty between j i I"uited States and Canada. Hie liiitd treaty is a postal treaty, for i establisbment of a weekly line of mail | nmers. This lino will bo supported by ! two governments, and will touch all the rts of the two countries in the (iulf of xico from Mobile to Sisal. Hie fourth treaty has the character of a leral convention, and stipulates, among id thing . for the renewal of the treaty ' commerce between the two Kepubiics 1831, which has expired by limitation, l'lie fifth treaty provides for the loan of een millions of dollars to the Mexican ieminent, at four per cent, per annum, .en millions are secured by the surrender the Mexican revenues to the United , itcs, to the perfect satisfaction of the piii | al and interest. I'liieo millions will be retained in the j iasurv 01 mo l ntleu btates lor tho pay- ! 'iit of claims recognised by tho mixed i amission. If this sum be more than Reient fur that purpose, tho balance will | paid to Mexico; and if H be not sufficient tho payment of these claims, the Mexi- . i Government will pay the difference, i is sum will bear interest till drawn from ? treasury for the benefit of the creditors, lether Mexican or American. Four millions are designed for the ex ction of the debt due to England. The remaining eight millions are to be id in cash to Mexico, secured by the sur- , ider of'20 per cent, of the Mexican leve es on all kinds of imports ami exports, ih the exception of European cotton fab s, whether bv Mexican or American ps. Tho '20 per cent, will be cariied to : i credit of the exporter or impoiler, as j case may be, ami to the debit of the UniI States, to ihe amount of the eight mil lis of dollars. This arrangement will j rliiuie in effect till the reimbursement of ) whole sum with interest. It is said in Mexico that the British arg? des Affaires has protested in the uiu of his iroveriiineiit. 1 i anuodpkt os Honrs.?Canrobert'sbon >t upon tlie subject is recorded with great ato. Ono of the numerous assailants of i heart, the Marquise do T .had been tching with evident anxiety his approach oss the ball room to where she was seatAfter a few of those little minauderiea which the Marquise is remarkable, and o or two killing glances in the General's e, seeing that his attontion was attracted her toilette, she exclaimed with an etteco lisp; "Well, Marechnl, what do you nk of my dross to nightl" "Madame," , urned Canrobert with a smile of gallant, as be surveyed its vast expanse, "I can - ; t but admire it, for it recalls to mind the arost souvenir of nry soul." "Indeed!" claimed tho Marquise, her countenance ghtcning, and her eyes expressing at lire no lime all the varied emotions of hope, light and surprise, to which tho remark d given rise; "and how so?" "Why, it ninded mo tho moment 1 entered the >m, both in its extent and shapo, of my rt tn the Crimea.'" A narrow fillet or band is (ape, but a all wax randie is a taper. John Phoenix in Boston. The Knickerbocker for February contains (be following letter from John Phoenix, written in Boston: It is Sunday in Boston. J have been sitting in my room. No. 78 Tremont House, by the window, which commands a cheerful view of a giavo yard, musing on various matters and things in a solemn state of mind well befitting the place and the occa sion. Seventeen inches of snow fell last night, and Boston looks whito, like the Island of Ichabod, and to the full as desolate. Through the hollow and reverberating passages of this ancient building, around the corners of the sinuous streets, from each door and window, in every private Hiid public building, nnd from the houses of God, resound the peculiar sharp hacking cough of the population of Boston. Every soul of thern has it. It is the disease of the country. When I meet an acquaintance in the street, I abstain from the usual greeting, and invariably say, "How is your cough?" and the reply invariably is, "About the a line." Coughing, nnd the ancient pastime of hawking (followed by expectoration) are the principal amusements in ibis cold city. In the graveyard beneath my window, ou a nlate tombstone, may be found, I am illformed, the following touching inscription: "Ik-re I lie, bi-reli of brenlh, Ik cause n cough carried me otT, Then a cufliu, they carried me offin;" which I doubt not describes the case of the majority of the silent incumbents of that place of rest. The Tremont House is, in many respects, a good institution; it is peifeclly clean and well arranged; tlio attendance is good, and the fodder excellent; but there is an hides..ril.-M.. -Ir -I - --- ? < <> ui giuuui mill solemnity pervading the entire establishment well suited to llualon, but chilling to a stranger to the last degree. The waiters, dressed in black, with white ueck cloths, move silently and sadly about the tables, looking like so many ministers with thirteen children, four hundred a year, arid two donation parties; the man in the otlice never smiles, in any point of view; a large Bible, with the name of the houso stamped upon it in gilt letters, (to prevent religious strangers from bottling it.) lies on every table; and the chambermaids attend family prayers in the basement. All is "graud, gloomy," nnd, it must be confessed, exceedingly peculiar. I have at tempted but two jokes in this solemn place, and they fell like the flakes of snow, silent and unnoticed. An unfoilunate individual in the reading room last evening was seized with an unusually violent fit of coughing, which, if a man could by any possibility hare been turned inside out, would have done it; and as a partial cessation of it occuifcd, with his liair standing on end, (he had coughed l?is hat off,) his face glowing with exertion, and tlio tear? standing in his unhappy c\es, he very naturally gave vent to a profane execration. Everybody looked shocked! 1 remarked in an audible tone to my companion, that the exclamation was a coffer-dam?an admirable contrivance for raisimr r>b*irin-l5oii? - !... ~r D Will iiiC UOllUIII U' streams, and probably adopted by the gen lleiuau to clear bis throat; but no one laughed, and I incontinently went to bed. This morning, on arising, I discovered that my boots, left outside the door to be embellished with blacking, had, like those of ltombastes, not been displaced; so I said to the porter, a man of ginvc and solemn aspect: "You have a very honest set of people about this house." "Why!" said tho poller, with a somewhat startled expression. "Because," 1 rejoined, "1 left my hoots out side my door last night, and tind litis morn ing no one has touched them." That man walked utr slow and stately, and never knew that 1 had been humorous. Disappointments have been my lot in life. 1 remember in early childhood going to the theatre to see Mrs. \V. II. Smith appear in two new pieces; the bills said she would do it, and she came upon the stage perfectly whole and entire like any other lady. Upon the whole, it is my impression that Boston is a dull, gloomy, precise, and solemn city, which 1 take to be owing entirely to the intense cold that prevails there in the w inter, which chills and freezes up the warmer natuio of the inhabitants, who don't have time to get thawed out befote ll.? I nn.nA. I ?~1. * I - ...w vvn. v.iuo i ik?v jigniu. i unve inei many Uostoniatis in more genial climate*, who appeared to be very hearty and agreea bio fellow*. 1 look a abort ride yesterday hi the Metropolitan Railroad cars, which aie dragged by horse power from the Treinont House to Koxbury. The only other occupant of iny car was a young and lovely female in deep mourning. Sho wore a heavy black veil, and her thick and beauti ful auburn hair was gathered up on each side v.i ii?f face, beneath a spotless cap?a widow's cap of snowy muslin. 1 had al ways u feeling for widows; young and pretty widows particularly always excite my deepest interest and sympathy. I gazed with moistened eyo on the sweet specimen befoio ine, so young, so beautiful, I thought, and, alas! what suticring she lias experienced. 1 pictured to myself her devotion to her husband during Ins last illness, the untiring watchfulness with which she hung o\er his pillow, the unwearying and self sacidicing spirit with which she hoped on, hoped ever, till, in despite of her caie, her love, he sank forever, and her agonized shriek rang in my ear, as with hands clasped and up turned eye, sho felt that he was dead?her dreain of life was over?her sliength was gone?her heart was broken. The young widow had been regarding mo earnestly duiing this time, and probably imagined what was passing in my inind; for, throwing her veil over her hat, she turned partly around toward mo, and look-, ing steadfastly in my face, she winked her eye! Yes. sir, sho w inked her eye at me? the moral Phoenix?and I rose from my a-hes, nnd left the Metropolitan car and returned to the Treinont House. And is it possible, thought I, as I gazed from my window up Tremont st.eet, and observed a sanctimonious gentleman in a long, black overcoat, looking hastily up and down the street, and then dodge up a small alley in great haste?is it pouible that this little widow in tliejpr is at all typical of the great city to tHiich she belongs! A most respectable, staid, and solemu outward appearance?covering a very strong disposition to that deviltry wbicb is defined by the Bible as **lhe lust of the flesh, the lust of the eye, and the pride of life." But Boston, clothed in its robe of snow, looked too pure, bride-like, and I dismissed the supposition from my tnind. They don't have thoatrical performances in Boston on Saturday evenings; the theatres open at three o'clock p. m., and the performance is over at six. Thalberg was a! lowed to give a concert here last evening, however. lie was practising a little this morning, also, on the piano, when a message came from a serious family in the next room, begging him uot to play dancing tunes, lis didn't. I had intended to have written to you more at length, but am off to New Orleans directly, and tnu&t pack my trunk. Boston is a great place. I am sorry I hadn't time to go and see the Monastery, presided over by Abbott Lawrence, that was burned by the Ornugemen. Yours, truly and respecifnllv, JOHN PHOENIX. w ? ? Wonders of Science. The often quoted coirespondent of the Newark Daily Advertiser, in one of his la test letters from Italy, says: Stethoacopic auscultation established a principle ? thanks to M. Laennec?which has at length produced the Dynamoxcopr, per haps its greatest service. Other Frenchmen had made some approaches in their efforts to find a mechanical gauge for the animal economy?M. Conuet, for example, with bia ago telling Spiromelre, nud M. Guiilet with his Pneumalorr.etre?hut M. Colleagues appears to have won all the honors of discovert- l?r Ilia tin I.. ni.iiiko, ?> uitii w ii*5(* urj ueionaies hko gut: cotton. Good Dhscbnt.?li i* a question whether being called **tlio son of a gun" should nol rather be taken as a compliment than as a term of abuse, as it is well known that I no gun is good for anything unless it descends in a straight line jrem a good stock. To Clakifv Cidkk.?The following is an old but good iccipet Tut newly-made , cider into a clean barrel, and leave it to feiracnl a few day?; nml then put in it six ounces of ground mustard, lied tip in a rag; the cider w ill become swoct and clear, and remain so until exposed to tho nir. Somebody has written a book on "The , art of making people happy without money,' 1 We are in excellent condition to be ex per i1 merited upon. trumpet, which reports to the practiced ear the organic action and actual condition of the entire body at any given moment? gauges its vital force, its age, health and < temperature?indicates the course and the I event of diseases, Ac. The marvellous little instrument, which would seem to leavo "clairvoyance'' without an apology, is said to be the tinal result of a series of expert menls in auscultation which led to the discovery that all vital organization gives out an audible sound?a low hum, accompanied by very distinct crepitation or crackI lin?* These sounds may be discerned, we are told, by an acute ear, but more distinctly with the aid of a steel 01 cork conductor; and they are said to vary in n measurable manner with the age, temperament, health and seasons, to indicate the difference between the effects of fatigue and disease, ap parent and real death, Ac. In complete, parnlrsy, epilepsy, and the like, they entirely disappear, though they continue for ten or fifteen minutes after the cessation of pulsation and respiration in death. They are also heaid in amputated limbs for some minutes after the operation?as some crea lines appear to be alive after losing their I heads. The humming (bourdonnement) ap pears in every part of the body to which tho instiume.it may be applied, but the crepitation only at the extremities of the fingers and toes?when one of them is placed in its bowl. I ain not awate that t any theory has been deduced from these singular results of this new course of physiological inquiry. Wi? ? Science and Industrial Arts* An unpickable and changeable lock has long been a desideratum, and such a one I it is now thought has been contrived. The key is so constructed that it is capable of an inexhaustible number of changes. This j Is effected by providing it with slides, which I work in grooves, in such a lUHiiner thai ! each slide inay be moved with tho nnih ' When the required arrangement i? made Uie whole is tightened by a screw, and { whatever form the screw is thus made to , assume the lock adjusts itself to that form j in the act of locking, and only that form or arrangement of the key will then unlock it. The guttn percha shoes lately introduced . are made in this way: The inner sole and upper portion, whtn stietched over tho last, is Hist punctured by a punch. The gutta percha, in a soft shape, is then pressed, ! by mechanical means, upon this inner sole, the material is forced through the punch holes, and the shoe is then held together as ' if it had been pegged, though much more 1 securely, /or the gutta percha fills entirely tho punch holes, and even forms a sort of rivet head oil the inside of tho shoo. Two eminent European savans, MM. Senormont and Hecquerel, have obtained surprising results in the artificial formation of crystals and minerals. Some among their specimens of crystallite and crysoberyl are described as hard enough to cut glass. They have ?!?) found that ghtss containing arse uie, though at fust transparent, becomes j cloudy and opaque, then waxy, and finally ! crystalline. Another discovery made by them is, that pounded loaf sugar mixed with sulphuric acid forms a glutinous subi ... i.: -i. i j? i Romance and Revolver*. The Emperor of Russia has lately per* formed an act of justice to a much injured and honorable American family, which reflects the highest credit on his Oovernmeat. The facts were given me by Mr. Sale, the principal writer for Dickens' Household Words, with whoin I bad the pleasure to dine at London, and who was an actor in she history I am going to give you. About eighteen months ago, a Mise Ward, from one of the Southern States, was married at Florence, after a short oourtship, to a Polish Count, whose unpronouncable name escapes me at this moment. They were married before the American Consul, I believe. After living with Mise Ward partially for three weeks, the Count took French leave one flue morning, carrying off his wife's jewelry as booty. A letter left behind informed Miss Ward of a fact to which she had been till that moment entirely ignorant, to wit: that any Russian subject not married according to the service recognised by tbo Greek Church and the Russian Government, was invalid and not binding, and that the service which had united them, resembling in nowise the one required, they were as frue as if no service had been performed. The oonstemation of Miss Ward and her family at this delectable piece of villainy may well be imagined; for on inquiry they found that the Count's statement was but too true. Miss Ward and her mother remained a short time in Italy, endeavoring to obtaiu some kind of redress for the base iroposi iion which r.ad been practiced on tliera, bji their uiTorta were fruitless. They tb<n came to Paris, And spent the winter, where they were generally known to the Amerienns resident in the place. At the period of the corronation of the Emperor of Russia, they went to St. Petersburg. It was here that Mr. Sala inaJe tho acquaintance of tho family, l>y n letter of intioduction from Paris. The family were going to demand justice of the Emperor of Russia against his scoundrelly subject. Mr. Sala drew up the petition to the Russian Minister, and in this petition Miss Ward demanded of the Russian Government "the re-habilitation ot tier honor by a lawful marriage with the Count." The document was handed to Mr. Seymour, the American Minister, and ho banded it to the Russian Minister of Stale. The moment the case was laid before the Emperor, au order was issued to the Russian Minister at Naples (where the Count was then living) to confer with the Neapolitan Government, with a view to his arrest. The Neapolitan Government, which was just then in great favor with Russia, yielded at once to the request. The Count was seized by the Neapolitan police, and at Russia's expense was conducted (o the Russian frontier, there he was leceived by the Russian police, and carried to Warsaw. The Wards were already there awaiting his Arrival* The Count was inarched into the church by a posse of policemen, and was compelled to stand up before the Altar and marry Misa Ward in uue form. When the ceremony was concluded, his wife, now legally the Countess of . made him a formal bow, and bade him adieu forever. And Sala, who was present, exclaimed, "Young America forever!" The Count, who was an exile, was tent to Siberia, his property was confiscated, the Countess retaining by law one third. The family immediately left again for Ita'y, where they are spending the wiuter. The father and brother of Miss Ward were present at the marriage W? * -* ' * i ... ........... mm rcvuivers in ineir pOCICets, determined, if there was any flinching on the part of the Count, to blow hie brains out; for in view of the fact that he was destined for Siberia under any circumstances, it was feared that he might not at the last moment pronounce the necessary word. And thus was a high act of justice performed by the Russian Government in a bold and rapid manner, and an act which does her the greatest honor.?Parte Correspondence of the New York Times. Sarglio Sucre?llow lo make Sugar. The introduction of this article into our country has called for an exercise of our 1 mechanical talent to bring forward something to meet the experimenting demand j for new sugar mills. In passing through the Institute Fair my attention was attract! ed to a singularly constructed revolving j machine running upon threo ioilers; but, upon close examination, I found it to be a Chinese sjgar cane mill, invented by Mr. Hedges, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who has bevn I so successful in improving the famous little I giant coiu mill, and has also lately invent ed a most complete agricultural steam boil* j er, one of which it also in operation at the fair. This sugar mill is certainly of a most I novel construction. It consists of three ; vertical cast-iron rollers, supportedbetween strong cast plates, restinar unun a tiisntru. Inr wood frame about eight feet on it*aide*. Under each coiner is a largo truck wheel ?o adjusted when woiking as to revolve in a circle, the shaft of one of the rollers occupying tho centre of the fiame and clutched fast to a timber below, preventing its turning, while the other two, being geared 1 into it at the top, are made to revolve around it as tho whole frame is turned by the horse. On one corner is a feed table, from which a man feeds tho cane, which, having been acted upon by the two rollers, passes out upon a table on the other corner, which is removed as often as a sufficient quantity accumulates. The juice |iata* cs down through tho bed plate and is received in a vessel made for that purpose. In a few minutes the Ituck wheels can he | changer! and the clutch removed, and the whole is ready to travel. There being no heavy lx?ain* to raise, posts to set, or overhead sweeps to provide, and at the sam* time so easily tr*n*|K>rted from place to place, it will prove to be just the thing needed by our farmers at this particular time, and from the cheapness of the article it mtlst ineot with ready sale. All interest- J J in this line are advised to givy it en examination.?Xal. InteHxgmcfr.