Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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njfii an, i .jy . hb~ ^ ?'" ' &> ,/ \ % jmjmmyprrnt r ' i i i i THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. by cavis & trimmier. Dmrtrfr to Southern Bigljts, Politics, Agriculture, outr iitiscellonij. $2 per annum. vol. xiii. SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, MAY 1X56. no. 13. mrrn #i a XXIX* UXLXfclXLilH A OJf AKTAN. BY CAVIS "&~TRIMMTER. T- 0. P. VERNON, Associate Editor. Prio* Two Dollar* per annum iu advance, or $2 .50 at tho cud of the year. If not paid until j after tlie year expires $:t.00. Payment will be considered in advance if tnade within three months. JTo subscription taken for less than six months. Money may be remitted through postmasters at our risk. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates, and contracts made ou reasonable terms. The SrxarAN circulates largely over this and adjoining districts, and offers an admirable medium to our friends to reach customers. Job work of all kinds promptly executed. Blanks, Law and Equity, continually on hand or primed to order. From the Charleston Courier. SPEECH OF HON. JAMES L ORR, Delivered at the Democratic State Convention of South Carolina, in Columbia, May 6, 185C. Mr. Pkkkident : When it was suggested to me l>y some friends that I should other a fnvv rAniflpba iirmtn tl?n ! ? ?' ' ? ' mnkWl nillt'll lias called its together, 1 did not suppose that the public expectation would demand of me a lengthened < position of the views and purpose* of our assemblage. I came hero simply n-s the delegate of my friends and constituents, who sent me on account of the drop interest which they knew 1 1 took in tl?o f.lonvpi lion question. I grate fully responded to that call, and am happy to meet here t>-? largo and respectable an ' assemblage. Tie- numbers and character /%? of this body constitute a suthetei't answer to the taunts and m pors' wbicb certain individual* and presses of the State liave Leaped upon those who favored this project. This, Mr. IT -ident, is the inauguration of a new era, .wid the day is not far distant when the gentlemen who have seen lit to assail us will change their tone. The argument is with us, and the people also are with us, despite the efforts of cliques and cabals to control their sentiments. 1 commenced my political career as a delegate to tire Democratic State Convention of 1843, and heard at that time no objee tion u?ged, nor assertion made, that we i were sacrificing any time honored princi-j pie. That Convention selected dele .rates ! <o the Baltimore Convention by a unaui ! -mous vote, and though circumstances may ! Lave siuco made such representation upon , subsequent occasions inexpedient, tho policy 1 of our action at that time has never been ; doubted. I am aware, Mr. Chairman that many j objections have been urged to tho Convention system, but where is your remedy? 1 know that it is objected that Massachusetts, w hich never east a Democratic vole, can give thirteen votes in the Convention ; to eight from South Carolina; and 1 admit I the force of the objection. Hut I repent ! where is the remedy ' If only the Stales ! and Districts having Democratic Keprcseu i natives in Congre-s are to bb represented xt Cincinnati, wo should have but seventyfour delegates there, which is the present i Democratic representation in Congress. It would be equally unfair to admit reprcson tames only from those States that in tho preceding Presidential contest had voted for the Democratic nominee. f.? that case the Convention of 184 4 would have been composed only of delegates from the seven i States that voted for Mr. Van Duron i:i 1840, and the Convention of 18.V2 would have been comprised solely r>f represents tives from the minurity of States that sustained Gen. Cass in 1843. N..r would it bo proper (hat the twenty soven States which voted for lieu, l'ierco in 18o2 should only be represented at Cincinnati, because n't is not impossible that six or seven of llie "States that then went for Pierce may in tho -tefct Presidential contest cast their votes for j tho Black Republican candidate, while two of the four States that voted for Scott? Kentucky and Tennessee?are nearly certain to sustain tho nominee of the democratic Convention. II by any of those plans injustice could he avoided it would bo well, but injury would be certain to re- J suit froin all of them, and the Convention system seems to mo to be tho only one < embodvincr Rnf.?tv nn<1 r.iouiKJl'o.. 1 , ? j ; ? that it is easy to start objections, anil poor must he the inind that lias not ingenuity sufficient to find flaws in every scheme of human devisement, but we are left only a choice of evilr, and must select the best plan. I claim not perfection for the Con venlion system, but great princip'es cannot be carried out without party organization, and that organization cannot, be (preserved save by the means which I have indicated. The Cincinnati Convention is of the highest importance, for it is certain that this State must sustain tho nominee of that tody. It is impossible for her to act otherWUA* it if 4 * 1 .v.. .v -> t?iinui mm mo next l'resjdential contest will ho between thenoini-i wees of the democratic and black republican parties, and this Stato could not but prefer the most fishy democrat to a black republi- I Oitn. Such being tho state of facts, what is j the doty of South Carolina? Sho has 8 votes, and 149 constitute a majority of the whole number. Tho two-thirds rule, that r.nfe and eon .m vativo rule which defeated; Mr. Van Dnn-n in 1844, is euro of adopts n. It muv woik badly in some instance *, but should never bo saciitlced. South Carolina can then cast 8 votes for her choice, but under tin two-thirds rule, it wnl require 10 votes to neutralize her votes caM agamst any objectionable man. Ought not this p .wer to be exercised? We are certain, as I have si. wed, to vote for the nominee of the Cincinnati Convention, and wny should we not bf 'hereto tnlco part in jlis selection. The prominent candidates are, 1st. Gen. I'iercr, who lias proved true I to tho South and tho Constitution. It is our duty to MvUtiu h m as our first choice.} Senator h>wugi*>. Mr. hu-1 1 chanan is llio third most prominent candidate, but cannot be regarded by the South as so acceptable, for ho boars upon his person none of the scars of battlo. President Pierce and Senator Douglas are coverod all over with scars?hor.orablo seara indicted in their battles with Northern fanaticism. I believe Mr. Buchanan, however, to be a true man. 1 believo he will carry out the principles of tho Kansas Nebraska bill. Ho stood out with tho South in 1S49, in favor of tho extension of the Missouri lino to the Pacific, and zealously sustained the Compromise measures of 1850. He ought to bo satisfactory, but tho great issues before tho country is the Kansas and Nebraska issue, and Messrs. Pierce and Douglas are the best exponents of the principles involved in tho Kansas-Nebraska bill. These last cannot receive tho votes of those tender-footed Democrats who incline to know-nolhingism and abolitionism. If they desiro to return to the party they must do so by acceding to our terms. Policy, therefore, demands that wo should bo represented at Cincinnati, as well as every consideration of interest and gratitude. We must sustain thoso who have fought and suffered for us. It must not bo said that we have used Messrs. Pierce and Douglas, and when their services were no longer needed kicked them off. It is said l>y many of those who oppose this Convention that they are ardent Pierce , men; that they want hiiu nominated by a ; Stato Convention and sustained by the State, whether the Cincinnati Convention nominates him or not. Is this wiso or sensible? Aro there no oilier true men at tho North besides Gen. Pierce? Suppose ilie Cincinnati Convention nominate some other individual as faithful as Pierce, whom lllrt Siililli Will cimnnrl i 11 <1.' '??/v'' ...v ,( nuj'l/VM, mil UVVUll Viliuil* j im vote for Pierce when she cannot elect him, and lier action may insure the success ' of thelllnck Republican candidate? Would I esteem that man as a friend who would huzza for mo and yet refuse to go to the polls to vote for me, because liijuor was so hi there in opposition to his temperance views! If we are truly friendly to Pierce let us go to Cincinnati, where we can render him essential service. There wo cau contribute more to his success than by casting the vote of the State for him under the ! circumstances rcforied to. Who can say J that the vote of South Carolina may not i secure his nomination ! Who then are his best friends, those who desire to aid him ' when their aid can ho cti'ccluul, or those who wish the Stale to vote for him in November, whether nominated at Cincinnati or noi { Mr. Chairman, 1 am gratified to know that South C.-irulina will he represented in the Cincinnati Convention, and that Iter voieo will ho hoard alongside of Alabama, Mississippi, Uoorgia, and oilier Southern States. There has been great talk of violating our lime-honored policy. In the first place let us g.. hack to 1848, when we had acquired a large territory from Mexico, and whew the Legislature of cverv Northern State, except Iowa, had declared f?>r the 1 Wjluiot Pioviso. When I went fir>t to Congress, in 1840, I found the North arrayed in .solid phalanx in favor of the Wilmot Proviso, and a majority in the House in favor of the mensuic. Thus was a frightful issue precipitated. The South oflered as a compromise to extend the Missouri Lino to the Pacific, but ibis was j rejected. Fortunately, however, for the j country, the Compromise measure of 18.r>0, embracing the Fugitive Slave Law and the doctrine of nou intervention bv Congress in the territories, were adopted, and the question of slavery in the territories transferred from Congress to the people. This was a great achievement, and though I did not approve of all tho-e measures, they paved the way for the Kansas and Nebraska Bill, which has icstorcd the Southern States to their original equality in the Union. Though the storm of fanaticism has siuco then swept over the North, wo have everything now in our favor. The 1 President is determined l<? execute the laws i of Kansas, protecting slave propeity at any ! and at all hazards. What have we now to complain of, and 1 what more can we ask of our Northern friends? The South occupies a better position now than at any time since the adoption of the Constitution. The repeal of the Missouri Lino has restored us to our original equality in the Union, and for that wo are indebted to the Northern 1 democracy, who assisted us manfully in this matter, though carrying their political coffins upon their backs. But for the Northern nomocracy, Kansas would be this day closed against the South. Is it just, then, that we ai.ft..lu ...:.i.i..uu --?> - 1 -inium Iiitiuiuiu nnr IlllllieilCC .UU1 SVIlipAtliy from our Northern friends, who arc now struggling against Black Republicanism in our behalf / Shall we basely turn our hacks upon those who aro battling for us against such fearful odds? lvvory consideration, every inducement that can iutluouce generous minds, impel us to meet our brethren at Cincinnati. We need have no fear, Mr. Chairman, of the platform that will there he laid down. 1 have carefully scanned the resolutions of tho Northern J Democratic Convention, and I hesitate not , to say that the great majority of them arc | eminently satisfactory. I will ao further. ! arid say that I believe, if the making of a platform at Cincinnati were intrusted to tbe Northern Democracy alone, that thoy would framo one bioad enough and long enough for the whole South to stand upon. They have committed themselves to the doctrine of non-intervention and other measures approved by the South, and it is impossible for thoin to take oilier ground. 1 know it is very easy for certain editors to abuse politicians, but the latter arc compelled, tnoro than othor men, from the publicity of their position, not to act inconsistently with their professions. The chargo which has frequently been made tliat tliowbulo North is ubolilionized is false. 1 once thought so myself, but have scon reason to change my views. 1 recently visited the States of New Hampshire nud Connecticut, prior to tbe olec tiona, and I spoko to the people there ps 1 would bore. I discussed our rights before ] them, and I hesitate not to say that no- jjsj: where have Southern sentiments met with a henrtier response than from the Democ ?^t racy of those Norlheiu States. The Do- 1,01 moo racy of the North have planted them- ant selves npon the Constitution and resist the pCr combined assault of Know Nothingism and Abolitionism. I knew when this Know Nothing Party was started that it would fuse with the Abolition Party. If analyzed, w?i it would be found to contain nine parts of I 4 abolitionism and ono part of non-agitation. I lioi When during the recent contest for Spent al i er af the House of Representatives the plu- her ralily rule had been adopted and the choice ma lay between Gov. Aiken and Hanks, not a ion solitary Northern Know Nothing voted for nee Aiken. They preferred the election of a hal Pluck Republican of the deepest dye to that eve of a Southern man. Yet this is the party, lul? organized to divido and distract the South, ng;i which has found friends and supporters in lirsl South Carolina. this The signs of the times aro cheering: al- crei though we have not carried New llatnp- sin; shire and Connecticut, wo havo greatly 1 fou reduced the opposition majority, and look ; is a forward to an ultimate triumph. Put tuti whether wo do or not, I cannot but con- j rep grntulato you upon the happy condition stiti that the South now occupies. Shu is now I mn united while tho North is divided. Even J alio if a Plack Republican should bo elected tali President, we shall be united in any action will that result may force upon us, while the J hu> North will bo divided against itself. Wo us l aro now acting solely upon the defensive, the sustaining principles coticoded by (lie North; 1 tie 1 and if the Union is to bo disrupted, we i tha shall occupy a vantage ground we have ' will never had before. This is an additional : ran reason why we should strengthen the hands ' feet of our Northern friends. ! this The doctrine of "Squatter Sovereignly," ?'.fcf or the right of the people of the territories sli: to legislate upon the institution of kL-.vcv,. i the is hIso made tho ground of ft'iack upon the a " Northern Democracy. Ou ;his point there | m:l is a difference of opinion, Messrs. Cass, ' lur Stuart ami others holding that the people [ wei of the territories have this right, and Messis. i 'OM Douglas, Bright and others holding the , opposite view. ' Pos It has been objected to the Kansas No ; 1101 braska Act, that it embodied this principle ; 1 of "squatter sovereignly;" but those who ^ say tliis do not tell the whole truth ? the . principle is left by the Kansas and Nehias- 'l1^ ka Act to he determined by the Courts. Mr. Calhoun believed that slaxerv was pro- *" tec ted in the Territories under tho Coiisli lulion, and tho Kansas Act simply grants 1 power to tho Legislature to enact ail laws j ^ ^ of local necessity consistent with the Con*; slitution. We hold that the Legislature!^ cannot prohibit slavery; for Congress, not 1 ( possessing that power, cannot delegate it | to tho Territorial Covernment, and the question must bo left until the people cotno ', together to form a State Constitution. The ^ practical result of this ">oti.?tter sovereign' I I I 1 I 1 1 ot 1 ly lias been, that \ou l.avo got local u-g;> . . lation in favor of slavery, w hich cannot ho . ' disturbed until 1857, and there is now every ! probability, if (lie South exerts herself, that . ^ Kansas will ho a slave State. At any rate, an odious restriction has been removed, and ( the Territory opened to Southern ctnigia ( tion. Wo aro now sending aid and lucn ( to Kansas, and it we persevere, we can ; qu: build up there a slave-holding community. It has been charged upon Mr. Douglas that after tho passage of the Kansas Nebraska hill ho had gone homo and declared 1 that it was the best abolition tnaasuro ever u passed. This is absurd. If it bo true, why "ll is every abolitionist so fioreelv oppose 1 to , a' i it? If Mr. Douglas pandered to abolition- ' ' ism, v.uy was he not allowed to sp. ik in , u> Chicago, a city winch his enterprise and 11,1 liberality bad contiibuted to improve and l!l 1 adorn? I have known Mr. Douglas im ' dome years, and have nariowlv watched 1 " his public course, and have never soon any u " man, except Mr. Calhoun, who so fully acts i':ir and speaks out his sentiments, lie never v" evades an issue, but meet? it boldly and "iU battles with and slaughters hiseneinv. He ,: never uttered the woids attributed to him, ' and I am sorry to see Southern men prosliinto thenuelves so far, or allow themselves 1 ' 1 to be so far prostituted by their paiti/an ' lU feelings, as to repeat the calumny. I say it upon authority that the charge is basely ' and unqualifiedly false. There were some other points that I do- : Jn.'t signed to treat upou, but 1 have too long . trespassed on the tiino of the Uoiiveuti n. . ? i i . , I n?:i I repeal tlral 1 am glad to sec ucfore me so j , large and respectable a body, and it must! j ; not be said that this Convention js a fail ,| (i ure. If the war upon us, who hare favored Jj ^ this measure, is to be Continued; if we aio ( to be trarluccd and hunted down; if oppAfei tion candidates in the different districts arcto bo started, we are ready to meet the i>sue and go before the people upon the ma stump and hustings. And we say to out up< opponents, you may oppose this Conven- il. tion, but you dare not voto against oui up nominee. Wo hnvo heretofore exercised c n nrrrtnt modern!ion Imt 1 ^ ??H IIWW IU.!U> V* \ for the fight. If wo have done wrong, lot she tho peoplo condemn ns ; if otherwise, let the gentlemen understand that wo can excrci-o "w our judgment despite their dcliaction and wsn abuso. I hope that today we will do our tosduty and sustain our friends, and that the to future will writo us down right and wise div in our action. <'In Who Goks Dklow.?A son of lain liflv- ' ing liired his services to cut some ice, was! ' asked if ho could use tho cross-cut saw. u't' lie replied "ho could, surely." lie was :i>' 6cnt accordingly, in company with some of '1'' his co-laborers to cut soino ice, and on reaching tho centre of the pond the saw . v was produced, with both handles Mill in <l,v their place. The verdant son, looking at j the saw, very coolly put his hand in his pocket, and draw ing from it n cent, turned vvj.| to his companion, and. raising tho cent, said, "Now, .fannnie, fair plav; hoaJ or tail, j mj who goea below." | con THB LAWS C021CKRMM WOMEN. Blackwood's Magazine for April (repub* icd by Leonard Scott it Co., New York) ai9 with an article under tho above cap. l. The following oxtract on tho duly 1 inilucnco of woman will show the ternof tho article, and that the writer is no ocate of tho equality of the sexes in tho iuary pursuits of life, to which modern , mans-righlism would degrade her: 'Let us not enter upon the lender qucsi of mental inferiority. Every individu* .vomaii, wo presume, ia perfectly easy on own nccouut that she at least is not re-1 rkably behind her masculine couipan- j a; and so long as this is tho caao, we d fear no grand duel between tho two ves of creation. 13ut every man and j ry woman knows, with tho most absoj certainty, that a household divided i iiiibl itself cannot stand. It is tho very L principle ol domestic existence. lu all , t great world, with all its myriads of j itures, it is vain to think of forming u glo home unless it is built upon this 1 ndatiou. One interest and one fortune n indispensable necessity. The constion of the household is more entirely rcsoutativo than even that glorious coalition of which we ail have heard so : ch, and which keeps our ship of state at. The man is the natural reproseave of his wife in one set of duties?the j is tho natural representative of the band in another; and if any one will tell ;hat the hursuy is loss important than ' oxchauge, or that it is a more dignibu-iiicss to vote for a county member n to regulate a Christian household, we I grant that the woman has an inferior go of duty. Otherwise, there is a porbalance betviren the two members of > o''.e person. In this view?and wo ; ) the most visionary champion of ab- I ict female rights to disprove that this is ! ordinary rule of common society?it is j lore link of words to say that the woii loses her existence, and is absorbed in husband. Were it so in reality?and '0 it indeed true, ' that the poor rivulet silt her name, is carried and rccarried b her new associate, bearclh no sway, . sesscth nothing"?then would the qiies-1 i of female inferiority bo fairly proved j 1 settled once for all. Mighty indeed st be the Titanic current of that soul j loii couM receive one whole human be-j , full of thought*, affections, and cinois, into its ti le, and yet remain uneoi<1 and mi change 1. Tlieio is no such ; lister of i man, and n > such imtienlilv i w oman, in ordinary life. Which of j loos not carry our wif 's thoughts in our in, and our wife".- likings in sir hcait, h the most innocent un ?:.-cioustic.-s t they are not our own original j?roper And how vain is the reasoning which I ii upon any other premises, hi fact, i agitation i.-? only defensible w imn it deals h matter of pi act i e; it bus no piinciple Miry in its front for the e. 'v true rule ! uur'lingo lemains Uuiiupsgiiaw.e; and if s either a legal or a poetic fiction to call n and wife one p r-oil, then nil sat-rods, purity, and noble sentiment, dopaits' n the bond between them." Karllniuakr iu Jcildo. 1 lie following account of the giv.U earthike in Japan was received from a Japaninterpreter, and it is believed lite aeilit is not exaggerated". O C < in the 1 lib of November, at hours minutes 1'. M., a shock was experienced ich aroused the in!, ibilaiit-, who in h. 1 > t! 10 stieet. Al.oul lliico minutes ul> uently another shock oceans. 1, w hich illnted the tenth northeast and s ulli>t. The crash of falling buildings waits! throughout the city, Ilia- broke ? at ihiily different places, cov uing an e\ t of fourteen mile-. Aiiothei which ew* every body off their feci sit. ctcd.-1, en the earth onenc l in the n .. 11. I of the city .-iii 1 close 1 over ui.my tliou1 liou-> -i and inhabitants. The exact nber of inhabitants, temples, and dyvcll > h id not been ascertained b\ the imvincut, bnl there had l>.' n uh< . !y wn by the district records of the city l iJO.OOO people, r?0O llnd llii-t an ! t< > temples, and I'll,000 dwellings and les were destroyed, and it i- th'iight en all the districts make their returns se numbeis would bo greatly increased. 0 shocks ?er? so severe at fMtnoda that ny building-. were slightly d imaged, and people could not keep on their feet. As n us 1 could learu the shock extended (i northeast and a southwest dotation. ! b volcano r Mm Sinia, ;?t the entrance ot 1 Jay of Jethio, thirl v inilos distant from city, emitted immense jets of lire and >ko, .and was more active than :tt any nor time." \ i mos t a Divont k ? A malir ioua bridesid placed a very imhnr.dxomc joke o(T >n a newly rvedded couple. She put m upon a clock bedstead an 1 wound it for "lour." The alarm of thu young pie may be imagined but not described. mi in the midst of the lady's fiist sleep w as awakened by the liorrildo din of alarum mingling with lo r husband's lint in tlie devil's that! an 1 before she < thoroughly- awake sho was violently ted on the lloor. Jumping up, she ran her fiiend's room, crying: ''I'll have a nice it's infamous ? I'll u v> i speak to arlos again ?he's a monster." "(iood cious," cried her friend lnbby, in a tiedastonishment: "What is the matter, r; do tell," Ho he*he," sobbed the ping bride, and stopped, "lie what!" ed her friend, "kissed void" "No! no!" cinently exclaimed the other, ho lias ked mo out of bed!1' The matter wn?, rover, explained, and there has been no orco. Vtsmov ik Kvkrv rinxo.?Tle'xy .lane, coulidenro,) "I shan't play 11 > more li that Matilda .lenkin*?T.r doll ain't | no perambulator?and I don't mean ic to 'aociate with none but c.inidgo ipany!" ' I Social and Physical Training. | di Kvery day brings more clearly home to i Wl thinking minds a conviction of the neccsbi- | ly of important changes in the nurture and al education of youth. That we are fostering ( intellectual development at the expense of physical health is becoming, with each succeeding generation, hut too painfully apparent. At the age of sixteen, our pre- . cocious boys have reached a piemalure j "4 manhood; and .at twelve our girls begin 1 their career of ilirtatiou. Cigars and walking canes are exchanged by the foimcr for athletic exorcWe-; while the latter reject cat- , ? ihllicnics for silk dresses nud confectionery, and dumb bolls for dimiuulivo beans. Our I Pr< merchants, absorbed in business cares, tiud J . no time to encouiago those exercises which rai invigorate the youthful frame. Kino huu- b|" ses and gay dresses are the principal at- j, traction of American mothers, and, from the force of example, necessarily become a 1,4 passion with their daughters. Wealth has w' becomo the louchaloiiu of respectability, ro: ami, in the pursuit cf it, all that makes life . delightful is ruthlessly sacrificed. The im- 'l8 meiiso coiisuinpliou of drugs and nosluruis ou tliioughout the United Stales proves concltisivoly the fiial coudiliou of the general 80 health. The iife we lead has given rise to :i" a heap of diseases which were almost uti- ' known to our progenitors. l'loiiiiiicut among the-o nrodyspepsia, ^"c and the various nervous disorders iuciden- 1 tal to gestric derangement. Th ere are very few among us who are ! 1 blessed with that joyous elasticity of spir as its which is the result of pcifect health, and the cause ot this c<?uditivii uf gei?ei.%l iuvs- 1 ' lidistn lies in the fact that we have neglect- > ed, in our own persons, and in the educa- ' 1 lion of our children, to promote a duo oh- | -j servance of those sports and recreations , s ' which are coiumou to other couulrics; hut ! 1.;..l .. 1 I ? - > t ha iiiuuug in, ii.nv: cuiuc iu uu regaru* | ,. etI a* iudocoious, and, above all ? uutasb- ! iuuable. What ia the consequence! A a " a people were are .assuming a peculiar 'TK typo?a guaut, bony, sliaip-featurod race, '.'k impulsive in tciuperutueul, quick in appro- j hension, aiul reckless in carrying out the 10 projects wo conceive. Discuisivo readers, n" lather than deep thinkers, and shallow rea- J?,1 soncrs, rather than piofound logicians. In- : geiiious in iuvenliou, and export at muni- I tu. pulaiLn, we tax our faculties to the utmost 1 in tiie study of improvement bearing upon ' l,e material piogiess, while we leave unculti- ' i'J: vated a taste for the beautiful, and fail to t 1 encourage those pleasant diversions which i I1' invigorate the bodv and give buovanev to 1 V' th.Ti.ihj. 1 he old tdroohi had their chaiiot and 00 foot races; their boxing and wrestling matches; uuoits and other games; whi h til they >e 1 viL i ly fostered, as combing amuse- ' . . uiuiit with the best means of obtaining ,u bodily stiongth and activity. 'I be happy u consu'piences of ihe.se phyical reciealions W1 wa re no apparent, that the older physicians Kr judiciously icoiuiui i. i l the practice of !l" llietu "as a means of c junteiacting thobad efleels of iueroasing luxury and indolence.'' 1 lie priucipiu upon which gymnastic ex 111 erei-.es act is evident " 1 .ie;r immedintu ln' ctl'ect," says a modern wiiter, "is an in i 1,1 crease both in the si/.o and power of the j |? pai t-s e\??uiied, in riy-v<|Uence of an admi | iaide law which obtains in living bodies) * i 1I that?within c.itaiu limits ? in proportion 1 ' to the exotliou which it is required to make 1 ?a pail increases not only in strength ll!' and tililess, hat also in size. Nor does the heiietici d influence stop here. If the e\crtion be not carried so inr as to produce ex* I f.. cessive fatigue, all other pasts of the body ! ' 1 sympathize wiili the improving condition,0* ??f that which ohhllyex i ted; the cireu j latum, being excised from time to time by | ^ tue oxvrciae, acouires now vigor, and blood | being thrown with unusual l. rco into all i '^ paits of the system, all the functions are : *" carried on with i,..iea-ir.g activity, lin-, provemont ia the general health is noon 1 manifested; and the min i if at the same time jtidiciou-iy cultivated- -acquires 1" strength, an 1 is leudered moie capable of . . i all prolonging exertion. Now, -iace it is known tb it the iel iti.-ns i existing Letweeii mind and b dv are so intimate that any aim until use of Hie one reacts piejudiciotislv up Mi the other, it be ) ? comes apparaut to all who letlect upon the i Mil.ject, that wo of the bnited States, by nhjuting those physical exercises which are tlc essential to health, weaken uin own powers pe ol eiului' tice and enervate alike the physi- ' cal structure and the intellectual power*. ' 1 he loaclioiimy force-s being thus enfeebled, 1 CN our ability to to-i-l prevailing diseases is, naturally hs one I. and we either fill vietims to maladi.s from which, under other circumstances, we -liould wholly escape; or *1' rocovering imperfectly from their attacks,; J1' linger on the remainder of our d ays confirmer and ln>pe!e?s invalids. In nil excellent volume recently written :l" upon this subject by Mi?s Beocher, sin 1 makes the >t mling but ti uthful declaration, so tli U "there is a general decay of constilu- s0 lion among tlio whole people of (he I Hi- an toil States;" and that "in all "-actions of our : L"' country a vigorous ami perfectly healthy woman is an exception to the ordinary exporianco." "Statistics," she a.I N, "have i>oen obtained which make it probable that. I" of the wives and (laughters of this nati >n. f u' not three ortt of ton can bo claasoU its ,l ' healthy women." A linit this, ami her im-j '' pressive ?!> luction I allows, as a matter of course; "An 1 as ti.r health of these moth 1,11 era lie- i-h s the c m'.'tnliou of theii ehihheti, l''' t'.e prospects of tho uevt generation are i 1 -till gloomv, both as it reaped* sons ami i daughters." 1 SP 1 hit if wo refuse to betake ourselves to 1 lri the remedy, bow can they lie otherwise! j ov The recipe is pleasant enough, but it is not " the h-s certain of proving a specific. I^ess f mental exertion?more physical recreation ?these aro what arc required of lis. wj We must revive the old childish spoils; we must encourage the old manly exeici- t sos; indulge occa-ionally in country ram- j hies; ride more, and walk moro, in the free , air and amid sylvan or suburhnn scenes. Play at cricket; skip the rope; trundlo the! hoop; hunt, lisb. or engage in any innocent I B< version that shall tinge the sallow cheek tli the flush of healthy ruddiness englheti the flaccid muscles, and acclerat* iguid current of tho blood.?Baltiuwr riot. Signals and Color Blindness. Wo recently alluded to an article ii e last number of the North British Re w, in which it was stated?as taken fron . Wilson's work?that one porson ou every eighteen was unable to distinguisi Torent colors. Tho subject is one whicl serves moro than a mere passing notice it be true that color blindness is a 3valent us Dr. Wilson has stated, thei the engineers and switchmen on ou bonds, and all tho pilots on our rivers ould bo thoroughly examined respecting ?ir capacity to distinguish colored signals is is something that never has beei ought of, and yet wo can easily conceive int consequences might ensue on a rail id by an engineer mistaking a red for i lite signal, lied flags, red globes, re?. lits, and other colored signals, are usei railroads aud steamboats, and no doub ?y always will bo used, because thov an couvcnieut. While in themselves tliej j good aud necessary, it is tho duty o use companies using such, to seo to it at those whom they employ, are not de live in recognising and distinguishiuj cm. Although it is our opinion that colo indues* is not so cunimon as has beet sorted; still nothing should he left it uht, when tho safety of life is concerned on our railroads aud night steamboats Color blindness is something that battle o best opticians to account for satisfactory ?indeed the power of vision, in itself, i rouded in much mystery, like that o ory other sense tuan possesses, As fa ,ck as 1US1, Dr. Tuberville, of Salisbury ig., described tbo case of a young female 10 could sec very well, but no color be los black and \\ bite; and, singular to re to, sbe could sometimes see to read in ; .rk room. The tainous chemist, Dr. Dal ii, was unable to distinguish belweeu re* <1 greeu colors; nud Dugald Stewart, tin lilosopber, had the same defect of \ision lis defect of vision has beeu long know 1 have had an existence, but was suppos to be limited to a very small number o isous. Dr. Wilsou's experiment won diluted to discover the extent of culo u.lness, and, if possible, its nature. It evalouco has aslouished himself. Ou 1,10 4 persons examined indiscriminately found Go defective in distinguishing lots. U d and grocu are olten confoundei gellicr, and some persous that could dis iguish these within one foot of their eye? led to do so wheu they wore remove* mi twelve to fifteen feet. These person ju.d not answer for safe signal men. Tin eatest number confound blue with green J tbe next greatest number coufouu< own and rod with green. Among a number of possiblo sources o llucucea upon color visiou, Dr. Wilsoi tuitions the yellow spot on the retina, am e colors of the choroid. Soemmering dis \ered this spot; it is found only in th< mi.in retina, that of apes, and some ltz Js. The true chniacter of this spot am uses is uukuow u. it has properties dif ?nt fiom every other j ait of the retina d is the spot of most distinct vision. The cmVu/ theory of color?that o! tin Gl.oIOL'istS. is SIhIo. 1 1.. J". i:??. ' 1 p , ? ? ^ natural philosophers. The cause of co!o iiulncss?wbother in the coaling of tl>? e or in the nerves, no uuo can loll at pros t. lb ore :uo juat as great differences it o senses of taale, smelling, bearing, am ling in persons, as in distinguishing lors. One person can distinguish innsi ! noles correctly and another cannot, am 3 may never know the reason. It i ougb for ibo present to know that colo iuduess does exist, and tbat it is mor< ovuionl than whs supposed, in order fo to direct attention to it, for tiio reason cady given.? Scientijic American. Kansas ^1 alters. Lire Courier's Washington letter of Mai su) >: "It was hoped tbat the Kansas rcpoit re exaggerate J, but authentic inforrna >n hies icached here, showing that tin ople of l.a.vrencc are banded together ii sistance to the laws; that sheriff June is resisted by hundreds of men in tin edition of bis writs; tbat the U. fs. troop re called in to his aid, and be v. ;is nssas lated in an army tent at night. Gov cder is i. presented as having made: eecli, encouraging the fiee State party t< >ist the laws of the Territory. This nffai s not, it is feared, yet come to its worst ioriff Jones w as very popular in Missouri d ids death will no doubt be revenged sereet and judicious men here, from Mis uri, sav that in the next outbreak Mis ii?i <n n Vi ii.i ?.;n i. . . ' 1 ...... v?nv, n? I'ViuiU J lUipilCtMftJ J if n< 0:10 can toll whero 'lie dirti llv nvtil end. " 11 iu Invv./iiratini; Coniniiltee of tin ouso i t Kcpre.-entat ivea are at Lawrence t wo ?lo not find that they arc making ogress in their business. The evidence licit they may take 2will necessarily,at sucl Lime, i?o prejudicial and contradictory icy will bo able, however, to settle tin t that squatter sovereignty is practical!; Mii-istcnt with obedience to law, am L'ir report may serve to confirm the do iration of the Richmond Inquirer, a-, ti it doctrine, to wit: 'That gun must bi iked." 1 ho free soilers assort this doc no, which well suits their purposes. Tin i! of the principle was well explained ii slate speech of Senator Brown, of Missis ?P'" 9wm Tlio Kentucky American says Hthi liskey crop" will bo greater the comiiq won than it lias been for years in Ken ky. If this is true, there will be hi . reused demand for that oilier Kentnck; ?p?hemp. Why is a tired man liko an umbrei?? tcausc lie's used up. b "WHAT IS TRUTH." '? Itev. Dr. Palmer delivered an addr?B9 9 before the Young Men's Christian Associac lion, at the Presbyterian Church, on Wednesday evening last. The question discussed was the inquiry propounded by Pilale, when Christ w:? brought before his judg1 mcnt seat, "What is truth!" We preteud not to follow the learned lecturer in the 1 discussion, nor even to preseut the leading 1 features of his discourse, but merely to of1 for a few observations, as they present them1 selves to "ur mind. The manner of putting the question was presented, and the duty s of every man to urge the inquiry and dill1 gently to seek out the truth, was earnestly r impressed upon the audience. Pilale, he * said, represented a largo class of indolent J and easy skeptics?that class of doubters * who lacked the energy to seek for the 1 truth, and inform their minds upon what 9 evid'-uccs Christianity is based. It is easier * for thoin to bo skeptical than to give tbem1 selves over to infidelity. There is uo other 1 system of religiou susceptible of so many 1 proofs as that of Christianity, and yet these I men will not take the trouble to inform 9 their tuinds of these proofs, so easily attained. Men are naturally indolent, and the ' youthful mind is hence more liable to fall > into the errors of the skeptic than those * more mature. They glory in throwing off I ! the shackles of authority, and assume origi' liality aud a species of romantic mock her j roisui. Newton carefully investigated the 9 , evidences of Christianity, aud his great 1 uiiiul, like many others, was foiced to the ' | conclusion, hat there is a God. Christl' ; anity presents itself to tlio youthful tniml * in its experimental form; they hear of its ' ameliorating influence on the passions of * i uieu, of its consolations in sickuess aud distress, of its joys and rejoicings, but knowing r | nothing of these things, in their own expe'? ; rieQ.ce, they become skeptics and doubt its '? influence upon others. The Gospel, and those w ho love and expound it, huve a right * to complain of these doubting skeptics. I , Thov urn nn nnm?nlo ? "! 1,? j ? mm wnmuijr race, ' j because, without offering any argument in J : opposition, they merely conteut thcmselve* J with the exclamation, "I doubt iLn The , Brahmins, the Mahometans, and even the J Deists, have their peculiar systems, and are ready to sustain them by argumeut, bat ^ the doubting skeptic has no system of his 3 own, and is too indolent to investigate tho r only true system of religion. 5 ' The lecturer deuied the right of a inau 1 | thus to evade the responsibilities of his be'? ; iug, and live a useless doubter to tbe end. j Such a timid and cowardly course is uuj worthy of the ingenuous youth, and of a i right exercise of those faculties which God '* has giveu him. The Gospel is in itself '< open, manly and fruuk, and its truth should 1 bo inquired into in llio same spirit iu 5 which it is presented. The learned lectu0 rcr finished bv urging upon tbe Association tho importance of the inquiry, and expross' ed the hope that they would not give up its investigation, until they had ascertained r the truth us it is iu Jesus. f Carolina Times, ) I .. L 1'koguess of Astronomical Science.? ? ' Seventy live years since, the only planets known to men of science were the same 1 ; which wore known to the Chaldean shep i herds thousands of years ago. Between , | the or hit of Mars and that of Jupiter there occurs an interval of no loss than three 3 huudrcd and fifty millions of miles, in which ?' no planet was known to exist before the r CiiniiminftitiH-nt ,'"v * - vi iuu present century. e ; Near three centuries ago the immortal ; Kepler had pointed out something like a J 1 regular progression in tbe distance of the i planets us far as Mars, which was broken in ? the ca<o of Jupiter. Being unable to re i concilo tiro actual state of the planetary sya1 torn with any theory be could form respects ; ing it, lie hazarded the conjecture that a r . planet really existed between lire orbits of 2 Mars and Jupiter, and that its sinnllness r i alone prevented it from being visible to as? i tronomors. But Kelpcr soon rejected this idea as improbable. : The life of Col. Daniel Morgan, of tha , Continental Army, has been prepared from j Ins unpublished letters and pajrera by hw ^ grandson, .lames Graham, Esq., of New . Urleans. No life of the gallant and pojnr^ lar hero of the Oowpcns has yet been pub, 1 lished, and the only biographical sketch ? ! which has appeared i.s held by Mr. Graham 8 j to do very inadequate justice to his services s ; and memory. Mr. G. acquired the vote. I rail's papers somo years since by marriage t ' with bis grand daughter. Col. Morgau x died at his home, at Winchester, Va., a j 1 few years after Washington, of whom he r ; was a devoted partisan in his civil as well _ i as his military career, and the citizens of \\ inclicstcr are now erecting a tnouumcnt I to hi* memory. It w ill bo inaugurated on tho 4 th of Jnly next, when a great convoca| lions is expected.? Charleston Courur. \ j l'ori'IVCS TflK tjl K9TIOJC.?M What ft ; sirango thing is acquaintance!'1 said a | beautiful girl, tho other day, a friend of ours. "A year ago we had not seen each 'r ! other ? many a season had rolled its course, * bringing lioi>o, happiness, and sorrow to each, without th? cognisance of the other, ami now we are 90 intimate? (?ur fticiul says she looked so lovely he con!.I not help pressing her delicato check I ?he n?ke<! her '"it" ho hail aught to ?lo with the happiness of her future." "Yon are in all my dreams of the coining days," j replied she. They are to l?o married next month. Wo consider this one of the ncntt I est "popping*," especially as it hnppen* in * leap year.?Portland Transcript. Lkavjln worth, April 27.?The emigration is coining in very rapidly, And within p , a few weeks past quite a large no tuber of r nnivals from Southern States have reached ' , here. Northern emigrants, loo, are pretty , thick, hut the former is largest so far. Last week we had a very interesting meeting to welcome a company of about one hundred and odd from South Carolina and i I Alabama. Thcro was a most cordial re' reption given to them.