The Darlington flag (Lydia, SC) 1851-1852, April 23, 1851, Image 1
DEVOTED •TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, MORALITY, AGRICULTURE, LITERATURE, AND MISCELLANEOUS NEWS.
JAMES H. NORWOOD, EDITOR.]
To thine ovnself be true; And it must follow as the night the day; Thou const not thru he false to any man.—II \mi.kt.
VOL. 1.
DARLINGTON C. H., S. C., WEDNESDAY MORNING APRIL ^3, 1851.
[JOHN F. DE LORME, TROPRIETOR.
NO. 8.
THE DARLINGTON FLAG,
U PUBLISHED
EVERT WEDNESDAY M«
AT DABLBTOTON, C. H., S.
BY JOHM F. DE
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AGRICULTURE.
[fob yilB DARLINGTON FLAG.]
APPLICATION OF IANFRE.
Mr. Editor : In the Darlington Flag
of the 26th ultimo, I find an article co
pied from the Laurensville Herald,
headed “ Manuring Lands.” 4
author of the article above aliwfed to
confined his remarks more to the pre
paration and formation of compost ma
nures than their application to the soil,
you will please permit me to offer a
few suggestions through your columns,
to this last but not least important sub
ject of rural economy. While my ex-
|K>rience in agriculture (and I have as
siduously devoted myself to its study
for the last ten years,) confirms the
doctrine of the writer’s leading state-
incuts,—that a variety of materials
properly selected and composted, yields
the maximum of fertilizing properties—
it abo proves that to realize the same
in the production of a crop, much de
pends upon the mode and season of
applying it. Before I enter, however^
on a subject of mch momentous im-
portance to the agricultural communi
ty of this vicinity, suffer me to make a
few preparatory remarks.
As pine leaves are the principal ma
terials out of which manure is manu
factured in this District—thef* being
from quantity the most available—their
management as a fertilizing commodi
ty, requires careful study to make them
pay for the expenditure of time and
labor employed in gathering them from
be true that cow peu and stable ma
nures owe their value chiefly to the
nitrogen contained in the refuse of ani
mals, a knowledge of the character of
this vegetable-producing element is a
qualification absolutely indfspcnsnble
to the successful application of these
manures. The nitrogen—tlie only
source whence they derive their fer
tilizing quality—is found to exist in
them in the form of ammonia, a very
volatile substance, which, when ex
posed as in the cases aboved cited, to
the open action of calor heat and air, es-
POIITICAL.
press them. But there, we never hear
of them save as cannibal savages. No
such thing as a negro government has
ever existed in Africa. Petty kingdoms
have and do exist there,—some with
so called cities, like Timhuctoo. But
the bare-breeched rulers in all these
From the Richmond Examiner.
THE NEGRO RACE.
In the able and and learned lectures
of Mr. Gliddon, our attention was par
ticularly excited by his accounts of the
antiquities of the Egyptian province of
Meroe: because these antiquities con
stitute the most striking illustrations of
Negro civilization which history and
arclueology can produce. Meroe was
a country on the Nile, above Egypt, i nization Society, supported on all sides
\\ hen the last named and most famous by England ami by oilier gevernments,
seat of ancient seat of civilization was is re-inforced every year from the I'ni-
overrun by Camhyses and the other nited States, and is governed by mulat-
eapes, leaving the piles comparatively a cniel conquerors, a portion of the toes. Even with all this assistance, it
worthless mass. The surest method then inhabitants retreated up the river, is evidently fulling to pieces in the
of obtaining the greatest amount of T 1 esta,, ii*hed themselves in Meroe. growing barbarism of the people. Dr.
f ,1 • • , . • i* , Hither they transported their old forms Menchlin, who lived in Liberia five years
profit from tins important agricultural of government and of worship, their and for part of that time was Governor
capital, is, when a pile is broken either old arts and their antique customs.— of the colony, has declared the experi-
in the cow yard or horse lot, to haul it , They built temples and excavated meat to he a failure,—and died in .Mo-
out with dispatch and bury it ir. the t0,n ^ 8 » they erected obelisks; they bile with the declaration that he saw
form wanted as fast as it is carried to c ? vere , <i thw " with inscriptions in their no hope of ever rendering the negro
*i, 0 , j » . 1 „ , , hieroglyphic alphabet, and the inscrip- race fit for self-government. On this
the field. A system Urns adopted tiong and sculptures which date from i continent they have received the most
would the more enectually prevent the the first generations of this colony, are signal trial, in Hayti they achieved
waste of those volatile elements, the found to lie as perfect as those of the their freedom by the midnight murder
retention of which alone preserve the i° wer Nile. But the colony was cut of their masters. They were protected
tte value and fertility of the manure, and | ' jff fr0 . m tho . 1,od >' of ^ b A’ \ n ‘
; , • x ! tervemng deserts and fierce nomads.
on which the roots of plants mainly de- Tlie * uni , K ,. of emigrants was never the richest commerce at their doors.
' pond for their Douriahment, besides con- increased from the old race. Necessa- The result is very notorious. Famine
trihuting permanently to the improve- rily, the men were in a great dispro- , often ravages that fertile land. Petty,
ment of tlie soil. Neglect here is one portion to the women, and they were hut hideous wars occupy its sections.
forced to take their wives and conbu- ; Tlie only government which subsists is
bines from the captives which they made that of a bloody and stupid beast, who
m their wars with the surrounding ami is emperor over one corner of the
tharh OH' from the son ports the pco-
were white men, hut these tribes were pie have lost arts, religion, industry,
negroes. Hence the second genera- decency—have relapsed into absolute
tion of the Moroetes were mulattoes. cannibalism. Dr. Nott states on the
; 'Flie process of amalgatiou continued.
and the horse, fulfil their intent of cre
ation; that the negro race is the result
of a different act of the Creator, from
that which originated the Caucassiau,
—and is consequently beyond the scope
of those abstract axioms of the white
race which declare that all men have
of the causes of the dissatisfaction so
frequently raised by planters of not
having realized the benefits anticipated
from the quantity of manure applied
to their farms. On this subject hear
what that world renowned chemist
kingdoms are Moors or Fellahs—a equal rights.
branch of the Arab family ; and the —————
people of Timhuctoo are Arabs and 1’Rill ESSIONS.
Fellahs. The Republic of Liberia can \\ hat a mistaken estimate of the true
scarcely he called an exception, since nobility of a profession that man makes
it is watched and guided by the Colo- who abandons tlie culture of the soil for
the pursuit of trade, or for any of die
“learned professions.,, All honest toil
is honorable and dignified, just in pro
portion as it answers the necessities of
man, and adds to human comfort ami
independence. The tiller of the soil,
therefore, ranks first—lie is the king of
laborers—for the soil provides for the
first and greatest necessities, food and
raiment. Tlie farmer standing in Ids
furrow, is more substantially a king,
than he who sits on a legal throne and
depends for his daily bread on the tiller
of the soil. The first is independent he
creates for himself; the latter is depen
dent for all lie eats, drinks or wears.
Next to tho cultivator of the soil in
essential nobility are the mechanic and
artizan—the men whose brown hands
Iruild houses and ships, furnish tlie end
less appliances of every day life. Who
does most to bless mankind ?—the shoe-
; maker, who keeps our feet from the
j damp and cold; the man who covers
j our heads and fashions our garments;
or he who, without creating for us a sin
gle comfort, calls himself a king and is
a tyrant—consumer of the sweat and
blood of nations I Deceit need argu
ing to answer a simple question ?—
Surely
| by civilized States. They possessed
i tho richest Island on the globe, with
Cotton.—A Frenchman dances him
self out of difficulties, a Spaniard tight*;
liimfelf out, a German reasons himself
out and an Englishman figures himself
out, while the poor Turks and Ameri
cans grin and endure them as the una
voidable decree of fate. That this is
too true as regards our cotton makers
and cotton dealers cannot bo denied.
They Submit themselves passively to
the wiles of the speculators and spin
ners, without so much as a thought ot
the consequences. They labor inces
santly to produce the article’ hut they
never conceive they have any concern
in fixing its value. It the price is low,
they hurry it to market for tear it w ill
will get lower; if the price is high they
do (lie same thing. In consequence ot
this state of things causeless fiiietua-
tions are made to occur which engulf
their thousands annually. This should
not he so. It the same conceited
measure were adopted by the producers
as arc adopted by the spinner ami
speculators in cotton, they could com
pletely control the price of the produc
tion of tlieir constant toil. Will they
not take some steps to accomplish so
desirable an object.—('hrratr tlazette.
Cake of the Eves.—Looking in
, tlie fire is very injurious to the eye par
ticularly a coal fire. Thestimulous of
light and heat united soon destroy the
sight. Reading in the twilight is inju-
; rious to the eyes, as they are obliged to
make great exertion. Reading ot sew
ing w ith a side light injures the eyes as
both should he exposed to an equal de
gree of light. '1 he reason is the sym
pathy between the eyes is so great that
if tlie pupil of one is dilated by being
kept partially in tlie shade the one that
— j not We can see at once that , . . . .
authority of an e3 7 e-witiiess, that on he is most noble in his pursuit who most most exposed caunot contract iteeli
■ - efficiently for protection, and will ul-
jEinio, says. | They formed harems from their sable two occasions while travelling in Hayti relieves the necessities and advances the
“In a scientific point of view, it captives, and by their sable purcliases; he saw the negroes roasting and eating comforts of mankind. What man on
should lie the care of the agriculturist so Uuit the third generation were Sam- their Dominican prisoners by the road the broad earth so imperial as the pos.
sessor of acres from which his own toil
so to employ all the substances contain- hoes. The next were still nearer tlie side
ing a large proportion of nitrogen, t negro type: and tho work proceeded In the free States of this country,
until all traces ot Caucassian blood the negro race can reach every advan-
disappeared, and Meroe was inhabited
by a pure black race like that of the
tage which the white possesses. A
large portion of them are educated.-
the forest and hauling them to the soil. Experience and observation both
fields. The writer of this communca- 1 favor the month of February as the
which his farm affords in die form of
animal excrements, that they shall
serve as nutriment to his own {dants.
This will not bo the case unless those vast regions of the boundaries. 1 But where have tlie}' evinced cnpacitv
suhsUnces are properly distributed upon The interesting circumstances con- to make use of our civilization ? Where
his land. A heap of manure lying un- | nected with these facts, is tlie continu- ! have their best classes achieved a high-
employed upon his land would serve
him no more than his neighbor’s. The
nitrogen in it would escape, as carbo
nate of ammonia, into the atmosphere,
and a mere carbonaceant residue of
decayed plants would after some years
Ire found in its place.”
Another fruitful source of the fail
ure usually attending the cotton crop
on lands manured in this locality, ob
tain from the total disregard on the
part of the managers, of the season
most appropriate for its deposit in the
tion regards pine leaves of but very
little value in thchiselves, as a manure.
most fortunate period for putting out
manure for the cotton plant During
ed deterioration in the sculptural re-j er destiny than that of tavern waiters ?
mains of the country, and their final Where have their masses risen above
cessation with the disappearance of the the very lowest level of the worst pop-
white blood. The inscriptions and ulatkm? Where has any individual,
portraits of the original emigrants as even, attained, not to say distinction,
before said, are equal to those of the ; hut even respectability, in any profes-
Old Empire. But in those ot their j sion i In England, many negroes who
mulatto children, there is a great dif- were supposed to exhibit talent when
ference. The sculpture is clumsy; the children, have been subjected to a hot
inscriptions in had brammar, and worst* bed process of culture, and the wi i-
orthography. The next arc inferior tings of two or three of these have
Ijj even to these; and in the succeeding lieen collected in a volume; and Bisli-
^ generation it becomes evident that they op Gregoire, of Blois, has written a
had wholly lost the language, and n<* stupid hook to prove therefrom tho in-
longer understood what they wrote.— teUectual equality of the race. But
The inscriptions are nothing more than any one who will take the trouble to
miserable copies from the earlier works, read these verses will find them for the
so that on a tomb which is evidently of most part, a doggerel too poor to be
a later date, will be found a badly ex- | called
The only estimate he places upon them this month the climate is humid and
is their absorbent quality; for this pur
pose he considers them superior to all
other fitter, first, because they decay
more tardily than any other equally
light combustible; and secondly, they
lie closer, thereby retaining with great
er tenacity whatever moisture they
have received. As no positive fertility
ground generally wet, and this secures
the well known advantage of moisture
to the mannre, which it retains Bad by
which its gradual decomposition is pro
moted, thus affording an adequate sup
ply of food to the growing plant through
the long drought, which in this latitude
invariably accompanies onr springs.
exists, then, i]| the judgment of your Manure put out at this season and well
correspondent, in pine leaves,, when
taken fresh from tlie woods, tRpnnly
means of converting them into valua
ble manure, apart from composting
with salt, lime, potash, and other earthy
ingredients, is to straw our stables and
cow lots with them, in order to catch
and preserve the solid and fluid excre
ments of tho animals kept upon them.
covered, is also securely fortified against
the emission of the carbonic acid and
ammonift«on(pined in it, which if evolv
ed during the further progress of de
cay, become absorbed by tho surround
ing soil, thereby extending the area of
fertilized surface to all the roots, which
of course facilitates its growth. The
diseases and consequent bad stands of
Tbit plan is now, I believe, ibiversally ; cotton, so prevalent on fields manured,
adopted throughout the country, ^ but originate fromintering it in a state too
the slovenly manner in which it is usu- 1 dry, and this grows out of the general
ally conducted, rarely repays the hns- j but erroneous impression that the mn-
bandman for the time consumed in re- nure imparts all its virtues to the crop,
moving it from its place of deposit— ' however and whenever applied.
can draw a supply for every need. He
is not forced to do homage to any being
less than God, nor to depend upon any
chances for livelihood.
’Hieyoung man who leaves the eoni-
field for tho merchant’s desk, or the
lawyer’s or doctor’s office, thinking to
dignify or ennoble his toil makes a sad
mistake. He passed by that step from
independence to vassalage. He barters
a nntnral for an artificial pursuit, and
he must he the slave of the caprice of
| customers and the chicane of trade ci
ther to support himself or acquire for-
tune. The more artificial a nian.s pur
suit, the more debasing is it morally and
physically. To test it contrastthe mer
chant's clerk w ith the ploughboy. The
former may have the most exterior pol
ish, but the latter under his rough out
side, possesses the truer stamina. He is
the freer, franker, happier ami nobler
man. Would that young men might
judge of the dignity oflaborby its useful
ness and manliness, rather tlian by the
superficial glosses it wears. Therefore,
we never see a man’s nobility In his kid
Innately he injured. Those who v ish
to preserve their sight should preserve
their general health by correct habits
and give their eyes just work enough
with a due degree of light.
Anecdote ok Kumtesja*.—This be
nevolent man w ho has betn termed the
hero ofPolund once wished to send son e
bottles of good w ine to a poor clergy
man at Solothurn; and as he hesitated
to trust them by his servant, lest he
should smuggle a part, he gave the
commission to a young man named
Zeltner, and desired him to take the
horse he himself usually rode. On his
return, young Zeltner said that he never
would ride his horse again unless lie
gave him his purse at tlie same time.
Kosciusko inquiring what he meant he
answered; As soon as a poor man on
the road takes offhishat and asks chari
ty, the horse immediately stands stili,
and will not stii till somethimg is given
to the petitioner; and as 1 had no mon
ey about me f was obliged to feign giv
ing something in order to satisfy tho
horse?’
Aspect or Death in (’mLimoon.
—Few things appear so very beautiful
as a young child in its shroud. Ti e
little innocent face looks so gutilimely
simple and confiding amongst the cold
terrors of death—crimeless, and fearless
that the little mortal has passed alone
under the shaddow, and explored tho
mystery of dissolution, ’llicre is death
In its sublimost and purest image no lia-
verse at all; and whenever a
executed copy of an inscription on tho copy occurrs of sufficient merit for the
tomb of its owner’s grandfather—even poet’s corner of the smallest kind of gloves and toilet adornment, but in
the date and name being unaltered.— | country newspaper, its author is sure that sinewy arm, whoso out lines
After that they lost even the power of to turn up a mulatto or quadroon, when 1 browned by the sun lietoken a hardy
intelligible irmtation, and a few scraw ls the accompanying biographies are re- honest toiler under w hose farmer or
on uncarved rocks are the latest re- ferred to. ; mechanic’s vest a kingliest heart may
mains that are found. The Meroeites By the history of the negro race, it heat.—Sar- Yorker.
then ceased to be Egyptians even in is therefore incontrovertibly proven that —
the name and tradition. They have they are utterly incapable of civiliza- THE SECRET 01* SUCCESS.
forgotten language, government reli- tion or development beyond the point What is it; In this country among ired no care for the morrow ever dar-
gion and arts. Fhey have no buildings of slavery. W hen the starved barba- |*eople w ho are equally protected and kuned tha , liu i 0 face death is come lov-
and no enduring tombs. Hie province nan is taken from the wilds of Africa, encouraged, it lies in thejiteady pursuit ing | v nj)on it is not hj n , r cm( ,| or
clothed well, fed well, and associated of intelligence, uiduatfy tem[erancc- harah in its victory. The yearning of
with the whites, he quickly acquires a and frugality. So far as outward com, love indeed cannot be stitiod, fur the
certain degree of health, strength, and fort and competence constitute wealth prattle, and smiles, the little \» orW of
intelligence. He will quickly ape die there is but a fraction of , society who thoughts that were so delightful arc
white. But diero his development may not possess it, if each Hill but turn gone forever. Awe too, will overcast
;iven them, i» ceases. Beyond that in no instance, his hand and brain to tho vocation to lIS j n j ts presence for we arelooking oiv,
has h^ver gone. Without amalgama- which his instinct and capacity most death; but \ve do not fear for the lone-
tion with the white race, he remains j fit him. If the great fortune which so j v VO y a ger for the child has gore
In passing from my residence to your
village (a distance of barely 12 miles)
I ffiyrrer in the plantation of several
gemreihen whose reputation should be
speak a bettor judgment, large quanti-
tiee of farm yeM mannre hauled out
in small piles on the fields during the
month of February, and there loft ex
posed to the direct action of tho sun’s
rays and the arid action of the season,
and i« there to till probably the
first of April, when it will he buried
for the reception of the cotton plant
This is wrong in principle and bad
in practice. Assuming the theory to
The question, however, is still open
to debate among practical men, Which
of the two systems is the more ration
al, land or plant manuring? I am an
advocate of the latter, and may, in
some subsequent number of the Flag,
give a few of the reasona which, in my
judgment, recommends its adoption to
every tiller of the soil on tlie Southern
Adantic coast
Jeffrey’. Creek, \ Xmo*.
April 5th, 1891. ) _
03r A man n never irretrievably ns-'
ined in hia prospects until he marries a
had woman.
is no longer distinguished from the
country. The race has relapsed into
absolute negro barbarism.
This illustration of their capacity,
not merely to attain civilization, but
even to retain it when
a type of the universal history of the
Negro race. The world has their his
tory in its hands for a space of nearly
five thousand years. Negroes appear
on the sculptures of old Egypt But
in that multitudinous country they
were utterly valueless. The Egyptians
considered them too stupid to he worth
teaching even agricultural drudgery:
and we only see their figures when led
as captives in the triumph of some bel
ligerent Pharaoh. From that day un
til tins, the negro has never appeared
save in three forms of existence; cap
tivity, barbarism or slavery. The last
is the highest form of social file of
which experience at least, permite us
to suppose him capable.
Circumstances would never have
kept down any race for five thousand
years, which were capable of rising
to civilization. All the white races
have been in time barbarians; but all
its branches have iu time left it and at
tained their natural grades of civilua-
&>n. But the negro has never led the
lowest type of barbarism, save for eap-
tivity or nLsvery. In the vast poutinent
of Africa they have always existed in
millions, with no ctroumstancos to de-
dazzle the misjudging poor he anallzcd nmple and tnisting, into the presence of
cn wi '
re kiiow
where he heggn, and sinks so soon as
the superior influence is w’itlidrawn. they will be found, in nearly nine of the j t , a jj wise Father and of sue)
These phenomena are peculiar to hundred cases to have sprung and uia-! ; g ^,0 kingdom of heaven.
the black race. None of the diversi- tured from calm patient, and simple ^ ^
fied families of the white race exhibit toil—toil which had an endurance of Taciturnity of Genius.—In con-
them. To which one of the white faith Ik*hind, and an object and hope versatioii Dante was taciturn or satiri-
races could the advantages be given before it. So too with success iu what cat; Butler was silent or caustic, Gray
which fie before tlie negroes of the ever man seeks to accomplish. A 1 an<F Alfieri seldom talked or smiled.
United .States, without an immediate 1 clowu may stumble upon a splendid Descartes, whose avocations formed
assertion and proof of its talent and discovery in art or science hut a fixed him for uieditation and solitude, w as ri
fts intellectual superiority, in hundreds general law provides Unit high acheive- lent; Rousseau was remarked} trite in
and Jiundreds of instances. All Uic nieut rinill require profound and cease- conversation—not a word dr fancy |H|
white races have been civilized and de- less l.#dr. The price of success except eloquence warmed him. Milton .ww
veloped in time, and where circum- in isolated cases, ia the dqyotion of onefe unsocial, and even irritable, whejj ♦.
stances have thrown them back in bm- ; life. He is a fool who trust to any , pressed by the talk of othm. Aik”
harism, thsy all exhibit capacity for dream for posaessin or advancement, I and Mofiere were only observers
civilization again. But the exact con-, unless lie connects witlt it Uie prndent epety : and f)rydcn lias very hoi
trary is the characteristic of the negro. 1 exercise ofliis own energy and judge- t|jjdi u/conversation is dull and sTtriv,
What deduction is to he drawn from ment The little spring in Uie moun- humor saturnine and reserved; in Short
the fact ? The plain and inevitable de- tain rock becomes a brook ( a w ida rol- 11 am not one of those .who endeavbr to
ling river and a part of the
ocean simply by pushing? g
fathomless break jests
steadily and teea.
duction ia this:—That the negro is a
totally distinct and inferior animal or
specie* pf animal fgom the Caucassian; bravely foi
thut the negro is the connecting link * -F*— » A.beautiful form is bet
between man and the brute creaUon; When Bratus askedCsesar, onemor- | tiful face; a beaatilhl
that Uie negro is intended by nature for ning, how many pan-cake* he had eaten ter Uian ahoflutiful fyn
a aiinUar dependence upon the Cauons- i breakfast, he is to have answer or pleasure thaw
eian man in which only tho ox, tho ass,; «1 Et tu Brule. v £ it is llio finest of