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DEVOTED •TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, MORALITY, AGRICULTURE, LITERATURE, AND MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. JAMES H. NORWOOD, EDITOR.] To thine ovnself be true; And it must follow as the night the day; Thou const not thru he false to any man.—II \mi.kt. VOL. 1. DARLINGTON C. H., S. C., WEDNESDAY MORNING APRIL ^3, 1851. [JOHN F. DE LORME, TROPRIETOR. NO. 8. THE DARLINGTON FLAG, U PUBLISHED EVERT WEDNESDAY M« AT DABLBTOTON, C. H., S. BY JOHM F. DE TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION I In advance, (per annum,) - - - $2 00 At the expiration of six months - 2 50 At the end of the year 3 00 ADVERTISING : Advertisements, inserted at 75 cents a square (fourteen lines or less,) for the first, and 37^ cte. for each subsequent insertion. Business Cards, not exceeding ten lines, inserted at $5, a year. jy* All business connected with the Flag, will be transacted with the Proprie tor at his Office, one door above the Dar lington Hotel, or with the Editor at his law Office AGRICULTURE. [fob yilB DARLINGTON FLAG.] APPLICATION OF IANFRE. Mr. Editor : In the Darlington Flag of the 26th ultimo, I find an article co pied from the Laurensville Herald, headed “ Manuring Lands.” 4 author of the article above aliwfed to confined his remarks more to the pre paration and formation of compost ma nures than their application to the soil, you will please permit me to offer a few suggestions through your columns, to this last but not least important sub ject of rural economy. While my ex- |K>rience in agriculture (and I have as siduously devoted myself to its study for the last ten years,) confirms the doctrine of the writer’s leading state- incuts,—that a variety of materials properly selected and composted, yields the maximum of fertilizing properties— it abo proves that to realize the same in the production of a crop, much de pends upon the mode and season of applying it. Before I enter, however^ on a subject of mch momentous im- portance to the agricultural communi ty of this vicinity, suffer me to make a few preparatory remarks. As pine leaves are the principal ma terials out of which manure is manu factured in this District—thef* being from quantity the most available—their management as a fertilizing commodi ty, requires careful study to make them pay for the expenditure of time and labor employed in gathering them from be true that cow peu and stable ma nures owe their value chiefly to the nitrogen contained in the refuse of ani mals, a knowledge of the character of this vegetable-producing element is a qualification absolutely indfspcnsnble to the successful application of these manures. The nitrogen—tlie only source whence they derive their fer tilizing quality—is found to exist in them in the form of ammonia, a very volatile substance, which, when ex posed as in the cases aboved cited, to the open action of calor heat and air, es- POIITICAL. press them. But there, we never hear of them save as cannibal savages. No such thing as a negro government has ever existed in Africa. Petty kingdoms have and do exist there,—some with so called cities, like Timhuctoo. But the bare-breeched rulers in all these From the Richmond Examiner. THE NEGRO RACE. In the able and and learned lectures of Mr. Gliddon, our attention was par ticularly excited by his accounts of the antiquities of the Egyptian province of Meroe: because these antiquities con stitute the most striking illustrations of Negro civilization which history and arclueology can produce. Meroe was a country on the Nile, above Egypt, i nization Society, supported on all sides \\ hen the last named and most famous by England ami by oilier gevernments, seat of ancient seat of civilization was is re-inforced every year from the I'ni- overrun by Camhyses and the other nited States, and is governed by mulat- eapes, leaving the piles comparatively a cniel conquerors, a portion of the toes. Even with all this assistance, it worthless mass. The surest method then inhabitants retreated up the river, is evidently fulling to pieces in the of obtaining the greatest amount of T 1 esta,, ii*hed themselves in Meroe. growing barbarism of the people. Dr. f ,1 • • , . • i* , Hither they transported their old forms Menchlin, who lived in Liberia five years profit from tins important agricultural of government and of worship, their and for part of that time was Governor capital, is, when a pile is broken either old arts and their antique customs.— of the colony, has declared the experi- in the cow yard or horse lot, to haul it , They built temples and excavated meat to he a failure,—and died in .Mo- out with dispatch and bury it ir. the t0,n ^ 8 » they erected obelisks; they bile with the declaration that he saw form wanted as fast as it is carried to c ? vere , <i thw " with inscriptions in their no hope of ever rendering the negro *i, 0 , j » . 1 „ , , hieroglyphic alphabet, and the inscrip- race fit for self-government. On this the field. A system Urns adopted tiong and sculptures which date from i continent they have received the most would the more enectually prevent the the first generations of this colony, are signal trial, in Hayti they achieved waste of those volatile elements, the found to lie as perfect as those of the their freedom by the midnight murder retention of which alone preserve the i° wer Nile. But the colony was cut of their masters. They were protected tte value and fertility of the manure, and | ' jff fr0 . m tho . 1,od >' of ^ b A’ \ n ‘ ; , • x ! tervemng deserts and fierce nomads. on which the roots of plants mainly de- Tlie * uni , K ,. of emigrants was never the richest commerce at their doors. ' pond for their Douriahment, besides con- increased from the old race. Necessa- The result is very notorious. Famine trihuting permanently to the improve- rily, the men were in a great dispro- , often ravages that fertile land. Petty, ment of tlie soil. Neglect here is one portion to the women, and they were hut hideous wars occupy its sections. forced to take their wives and conbu- ; Tlie only government which subsists is bines from the captives which they made that of a bloody and stupid beast, who m their wars with the surrounding ami is emperor over one corner of the tharh OH' from the son ports the pco- were white men, hut these tribes were pie have lost arts, religion, industry, negroes. Hence the second genera- decency—have relapsed into absolute tion of the Moroetes were mulattoes. cannibalism. Dr. Nott states on the ; 'Flie process of amalgatiou continued. and the horse, fulfil their intent of cre ation; that the negro race is the result of a different act of the Creator, from that which originated the Caucassiau, —and is consequently beyond the scope of those abstract axioms of the white race which declare that all men have of the causes of the dissatisfaction so frequently raised by planters of not having realized the benefits anticipated from the quantity of manure applied to their farms. On this subject hear what that world renowned chemist kingdoms are Moors or Fellahs—a equal rights. branch of the Arab family ; and the ————— people of Timhuctoo are Arabs and 1’Rill ESSIONS. Fellahs. The Republic of Liberia can \\ hat a mistaken estimate of the true scarcely he called an exception, since nobility of a profession that man makes it is watched and guided by the Colo- who abandons tlie culture of the soil for the pursuit of trade, or for any of die “learned professions.,, All honest toil is honorable and dignified, just in pro portion as it answers the necessities of man, and adds to human comfort ami independence. The tiller of the soil, therefore, ranks first—lie is the king of laborers—for the soil provides for the first and greatest necessities, food and raiment. Tlie farmer standing in Ids furrow, is more substantially a king, than he who sits on a legal throne and depends for his daily bread on the tiller of the soil. The first is independent he creates for himself; the latter is depen dent for all lie eats, drinks or wears. Next to tho cultivator of the soil in essential nobility are the mechanic and artizan—the men whose brown hands Iruild houses and ships, furnish tlie end less appliances of every day life. Who does most to bless mankind ?—the shoe- ; maker, who keeps our feet from the j damp and cold; the man who covers j our heads and fashions our garments; or he who, without creating for us a sin gle comfort, calls himself a king and is a tyrant—consumer of the sweat and blood of nations I Deceit need argu ing to answer a simple question ?— Surely | by civilized States. They possessed i tho richest Island on the globe, with Cotton.—A Frenchman dances him self out of difficulties, a Spaniard tight*; liimfelf out, a German reasons himself out and an Englishman figures himself out, while the poor Turks and Ameri cans grin and endure them as the una voidable decree of fate. That this is too true as regards our cotton makers and cotton dealers cannot bo denied. They Submit themselves passively to the wiles of the speculators and spin ners, without so much as a thought ot the consequences. They labor inces santly to produce the article’ hut they never conceive they have any concern in fixing its value. It the price is low, they hurry it to market for tear it w ill will get lower; if the price is high they do (lie same thing. In consequence ot this state of things causeless fiiietua- tions are made to occur which engulf their thousands annually. This should not he so. It the same conceited measure were adopted by the producers as arc adopted by the spinner ami speculators in cotton, they could com pletely control the price of the produc tion of tlieir constant toil. Will they not take some steps to accomplish so desirable an object.—('hrratr tlazette. Cake of the Eves.—Looking in , tlie fire is very injurious to the eye par ticularly a coal fire. Thestimulous of light and heat united soon destroy the sight. Reading in the twilight is inju- ; rious to the eyes, as they are obliged to make great exertion. Reading ot sew ing w ith a side light injures the eyes as both should he exposed to an equal de gree of light. '1 he reason is the sym pathy between the eyes is so great that if tlie pupil of one is dilated by being kept partially in tlie shade the one that — j not We can see at once that , . . . . authority of an e3 7 e-witiiess, that on he is most noble in his pursuit who most most exposed caunot contract iteeli ■ - efficiently for protection, and will ul- jEinio, says. | They formed harems from their sable two occasions while travelling in Hayti relieves the necessities and advances the “In a scientific point of view, it captives, and by their sable purcliases; he saw the negroes roasting and eating comforts of mankind. What man on should lie the care of the agriculturist so Uuit the third generation were Sam- their Dominican prisoners by the road the broad earth so imperial as the pos. sessor of acres from which his own toil so to employ all the substances contain- hoes. The next were still nearer tlie side ing a large proportion of nitrogen, t negro type: and tho work proceeded In the free States of this country, until all traces ot Caucassian blood the negro race can reach every advan- disappeared, and Meroe was inhabited by a pure black race like that of the tage which the white possesses. A large portion of them are educated.- the forest and hauling them to the soil. Experience and observation both fields. The writer of this communca- 1 favor the month of February as the which his farm affords in die form of animal excrements, that they shall serve as nutriment to his own {dants. This will not bo the case unless those vast regions of the boundaries. 1 But where have tlie}' evinced cnpacitv suhsUnces are properly distributed upon The interesting circumstances con- to make use of our civilization ? Where his land. A heap of manure lying un- | nected with these facts, is tlie continu- ! have their best classes achieved a high- employed upon his land would serve him no more than his neighbor’s. The nitrogen in it would escape, as carbo nate of ammonia, into the atmosphere, and a mere carbonaceant residue of decayed plants would after some years Ire found in its place.” Another fruitful source of the fail ure usually attending the cotton crop on lands manured in this locality, ob tain from the total disregard on the part of the managers, of the season most appropriate for its deposit in the tion regards pine leaves of but very little value in thchiselves, as a manure. most fortunate period for putting out manure for the cotton plant During ed deterioration in the sculptural re-j er destiny than that of tavern waiters ? mains of the country, and their final Where have their masses risen above cessation with the disappearance of the the very lowest level of the worst pop- white blood. The inscriptions and ulatkm? Where has any individual, portraits of the original emigrants as even, attained, not to say distinction, before said, are equal to those of the ; hut even respectability, in any profes- Old Empire. But in those ot their j sion i In England, many negroes who mulatto children, there is a great dif- were supposed to exhibit talent when ference. The sculpture is clumsy; the children, have been subjected to a hot inscriptions in had brammar, and worst* bed process of culture, and the wi i- orthography. The next arc inferior tings of two or three of these have Ijj even to these; and in the succeeding lieen collected in a volume; and Bisli- ^ generation it becomes evident that they op Gregoire, of Blois, has written a had wholly lost the language, and n<* stupid hook to prove therefrom tho in- longer understood what they wrote.— teUectual equality of the race. But The inscriptions are nothing more than any one who will take the trouble to miserable copies from the earlier works, read these verses will find them for the so that on a tomb which is evidently of most part, a doggerel too poor to be a later date, will be found a badly ex- | called The only estimate he places upon them this month the climate is humid and is their absorbent quality; for this pur pose he considers them superior to all other fitter, first, because they decay more tardily than any other equally light combustible; and secondly, they lie closer, thereby retaining with great er tenacity whatever moisture they have received. As no positive fertility ground generally wet, and this secures the well known advantage of moisture to the mannre, which it retains Bad by which its gradual decomposition is pro moted, thus affording an adequate sup ply of food to the growing plant through the long drought, which in this latitude invariably accompanies onr springs. exists, then, i]| the judgment of your Manure put out at this season and well correspondent, in pine leaves,, when taken fresh from tlie woods, tRpnnly means of converting them into valua ble manure, apart from composting with salt, lime, potash, and other earthy ingredients, is to straw our stables and cow lots with them, in order to catch and preserve the solid and fluid excre ments of tho animals kept upon them. covered, is also securely fortified against the emission of the carbonic acid and ammonift«on(pined in it, which if evolv ed during the further progress of de cay, become absorbed by tho surround ing soil, thereby extending the area of fertilized surface to all the roots, which of course facilitates its growth. The diseases and consequent bad stands of Tbit plan is now, I believe, ibiversally ; cotton, so prevalent on fields manured, adopted throughout the country, ^ but originate fromintering it in a state too the slovenly manner in which it is usu- 1 dry, and this grows out of the general ally conducted, rarely repays the hns- j but erroneous impression that the mn- bandman for the time consumed in re- nure imparts all its virtues to the crop, moving it from its place of deposit— ' however and whenever applied. can draw a supply for every need. He is not forced to do homage to any being less than God, nor to depend upon any chances for livelihood. ’Hieyoung man who leaves the eoni- field for tho merchant’s desk, or the lawyer’s or doctor’s office, thinking to dignify or ennoble his toil makes a sad mistake. He passed by that step from independence to vassalage. He barters a nntnral for an artificial pursuit, and he must he the slave of the caprice of | customers and the chicane of trade ci ther to support himself or acquire for- tune. The more artificial a nian.s pur suit, the more debasing is it morally and physically. To test it contrastthe mer chant's clerk w ith the ploughboy. The former may have the most exterior pol ish, but the latter under his rough out side, possesses the truer stamina. He is the freer, franker, happier ami nobler man. Would that young men might judge of the dignity oflaborby its useful ness and manliness, rather tlian by the superficial glosses it wears. Therefore, we never see a man’s nobility In his kid Innately he injured. Those who v ish to preserve their sight should preserve their general health by correct habits and give their eyes just work enough with a due degree of light. Anecdote ok Kumtesja*.—This be nevolent man w ho has betn termed the hero ofPolund once wished to send son e bottles of good w ine to a poor clergy man at Solothurn; and as he hesitated to trust them by his servant, lest he should smuggle a part, he gave the commission to a young man named Zeltner, and desired him to take the horse he himself usually rode. On his return, young Zeltner said that he never would ride his horse again unless lie gave him his purse at tlie same time. Kosciusko inquiring what he meant he answered; As soon as a poor man on the road takes offhishat and asks chari ty, the horse immediately stands stili, and will not stii till somethimg is given to the petitioner; and as 1 had no mon ey about me f was obliged to feign giv ing something in order to satisfy tho horse?’ Aspect or Death in (’mLimoon. —Few things appear so very beautiful as a young child in its shroud. Ti e little innocent face looks so gutilimely simple and confiding amongst the cold terrors of death—crimeless, and fearless that the little mortal has passed alone under the shaddow, and explored tho mystery of dissolution, ’llicre is death In its sublimost and purest image no lia- verse at all; and whenever a executed copy of an inscription on tho copy occurrs of sufficient merit for the tomb of its owner’s grandfather—even poet’s corner of the smallest kind of gloves and toilet adornment, but in the date and name being unaltered.— | country newspaper, its author is sure that sinewy arm, whoso out lines After that they lost even the power of to turn up a mulatto or quadroon, when 1 browned by the sun lietoken a hardy intelligible irmtation, and a few scraw ls the accompanying biographies are re- honest toiler under w hose farmer or on uncarved rocks are the latest re- ferred to. ; mechanic’s vest a kingliest heart may mains that are found. The Meroeites By the history of the negro race, it heat.—Sar- Yorker. then ceased to be Egyptians even in is therefore incontrovertibly proven that — the name and tradition. They have they are utterly incapable of civiliza- THE SECRET 01* SUCCESS. forgotten language, government reli- tion or development beyond the point What is it; In this country among ired no care for the morrow ever dar- gion and arts. Fhey have no buildings of slavery. W hen the starved barba- |*eople w ho are equally protected and kuned tha , liu i 0 face death is come lov- and no enduring tombs. Hie province nan is taken from the wilds of Africa, encouraged, it lies in thejiteady pursuit ing | v nj)on it is not hj n , r cm( ,| or clothed well, fed well, and associated of intelligence, uiduatfy tem[erancc- harah in its victory. The yearning of with the whites, he quickly acquires a and frugality. So far as outward com, love indeed cannot be stitiod, fur the certain degree of health, strength, and fort and competence constitute wealth prattle, and smiles, the little \» orW of intelligence. He will quickly ape die there is but a fraction of , society who thoughts that were so delightful arc white. But diero his development may not possess it, if each Hill but turn gone forever. Awe too, will overcast ;iven them, i» ceases. Beyond that in no instance, his hand and brain to tho vocation to lIS j n j ts presence for we arelooking oiv, has h^ver gone. Without amalgama- which his instinct and capacity most death; but \ve do not fear for the lone- tion with the white race, he remains j fit him. If the great fortune which so j v VO y a ger for the child has gore In passing from my residence to your village (a distance of barely 12 miles) I ffiyrrer in the plantation of several gemreihen whose reputation should be speak a bettor judgment, large quanti- tiee of farm yeM mannre hauled out in small piles on the fields during the month of February, and there loft ex posed to the direct action of tho sun’s rays and the arid action of the season, and i« there to till probably the first of April, when it will he buried for the reception of the cotton plant This is wrong in principle and bad in practice. Assuming the theory to The question, however, is still open to debate among practical men, Which of the two systems is the more ration al, land or plant manuring? I am an advocate of the latter, and may, in some subsequent number of the Flag, give a few of the reasona which, in my judgment, recommends its adoption to every tiller of the soil on tlie Southern Adantic coast Jeffrey’. Creek, \ Xmo*. April 5th, 1891. ) _ 03r A man n never irretrievably ns-' ined in hia prospects until he marries a had woman. is no longer distinguished from the country. The race has relapsed into absolute negro barbarism. This illustration of their capacity, not merely to attain civilization, but even to retain it when a type of the universal history of the Negro race. The world has their his tory in its hands for a space of nearly five thousand years. Negroes appear on the sculptures of old Egypt But in that multitudinous country they were utterly valueless. The Egyptians considered them too stupid to he worth teaching even agricultural drudgery: and we only see their figures when led as captives in the triumph of some bel ligerent Pharaoh. From that day un til tins, the negro has never appeared save in three forms of existence; cap tivity, barbarism or slavery. The last is the highest form of social file of which experience at least, permite us to suppose him capable. Circumstances would never have kept down any race for five thousand years, which were capable of rising to civilization. All the white races have been in time barbarians; but all its branches have iu time left it and at tained their natural grades of civilua- &>n. But the negro has never led the lowest type of barbarism, save for eap- tivity or nLsvery. In the vast poutinent of Africa they have always existed in millions, with no ctroumstancos to de- dazzle the misjudging poor he anallzcd nmple and tnisting, into the presence of cn wi ' re kiiow where he heggn, and sinks so soon as the superior influence is w’itlidrawn. they will be found, in nearly nine of the j t , a jj wise Father and of sue) These phenomena are peculiar to hundred cases to have sprung and uia-! ; g ^,0 kingdom of heaven. the black race. None of the diversi- tured from calm patient, and simple ^ ^ fied families of the white race exhibit toil—toil which had an endurance of Taciturnity of Genius.—In con- them. To which one of the white faith Ik*hind, and an object and hope versatioii Dante was taciturn or satiri- races could the advantages be given before it. So too with success iu what cat; Butler was silent or caustic, Gray which fie before tlie negroes of the ever man seeks to accomplish. A 1 an<F Alfieri seldom talked or smiled. United .States, without an immediate 1 clowu may stumble upon a splendid Descartes, whose avocations formed assertion and proof of its talent and discovery in art or science hut a fixed him for uieditation and solitude, w as ri fts intellectual superiority, in hundreds general law provides Unit high acheive- lent; Rousseau was remarked} trite in and Jiundreds of instances. All Uic nieut rinill require profound and cease- conversation—not a word dr fancy |H| white races have been civilized and de- less l.#dr. The price of success except eloquence warmed him. Milton .ww veloped in time, and where circum- in isolated cases, ia the dqyotion of onefe unsocial, and even irritable, whejj ♦. stances have thrown them back in bm- ; life. He is a fool who trust to any , pressed by the talk of othm. Aik” harism, thsy all exhibit capacity for dream for posaessin or advancement, I and Mofiere were only observers civilization again. But the exact con-, unless lie connects witlt it Uie prndent epety : and f)rydcn lias very hoi trary is the characteristic of the negro. 1 exercise ofliis own energy and judge- t|jjdi u/conversation is dull and sTtriv, What deduction is to he drawn from ment The little spring in Uie moun- humor saturnine and reserved; in Short the fact ? The plain and inevitable de- tain rock becomes a brook ( a w ida rol- 11 am not one of those .who endeavbr to ling river and a part of the ocean simply by pushing? g fathomless break jests steadily and teea. duction ia this:—That the negro is a totally distinct and inferior animal or specie* pf animal fgom the Caucassian; bravely foi thut the negro is the connecting link * -F*— » A.beautiful form is bet between man and the brute creaUon; When Bratus askedCsesar, onemor- | tiful face; a beaatilhl that Uie negro is intended by nature for ning, how many pan-cake* he had eaten ter Uian ahoflutiful fyn a aiinUar dependence upon the Cauons- i breakfast, he is to have answer or pleasure thaw eian man in which only tho ox, tho ass,; «1 Et tu Brule. v £ it is llio finest of