Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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. i???gjg?M? SINGLE STALK METHOD OF COTTON CULTURE A SUCCESS Twenty-five to one hundred pet cent, increase in yield is reported by cotton growers who' have adopted the x new close-spacing system of cotton culture, introduced eight or ten years ago by the United States Department of Agriculture. Reports coming directly to the department and to Southern agricultural journals, which have interested themselves in encouraging the new system, show that farmers throughout the cotton regions of the country are rapidly turning to the plan. Increased yield, less labor and expense for the same crop, and a j lessening of boll-weevil damage are among the beineflts recited in hundreds of letters written by farmers in various part of the South. Indications are that the system, will be adopted far more widely the coming season. The close-spacing, more commonly known as the single-stalk method of cotton culture, consists primarily in spacing the- co^on plants so close in the row?a hoe width apart?-that the lower or vegetative branches do not develop, ahd the growth of the plant goes directly into the upper fruiting branches, permitting them to begin ? the development of blossoms and bolls earlier and giving them more nourishment and more light. The cultural ideal under the new system is a cotton plant with only the single, erect, central stalk bearing numerous well-developed fruiting branches, but none of the vegetative branches or secondary stalks. The suppression of the vegetative branches is easily accomplished by leaving the young plants' close together in the rows. Thinning is deferred until the plants are some some six to eight inches high, or even later under conditions of rank growth. If the young plants stand less than six inches during these early stages of growth, more of them will not produce many vegetative branches, but will have only the upright central stalk and the horizontal fruiting branches. The distance between the plants is regulated with reference to local conditions and the habit of growth of different varieties,- the range being between six and twelve inches. The plants then have a narrow upright form and can be left closer together in the rows. Even with the plants only three or four inches apart in the rows there may be less injurious crowding than with large many-stalked plants three feet apart in the rows. The distance between "the rows, usually tfiree and a half feet, can also be varied with reference to local conditions, but crowding the rows together, so that^ the sun does not reach the ground, is undesirable especially under weevil conditions. In the way of production two dis tinct advantages are gained, the smaller single-stalked plants free from any. large unproductive offshoots, proceed at once to the development of the branches which produce cotton bolls, and in many cases these small plants produce almost as many bolls and a better quality of lint than large many-stalked plants occupying the space of three of the smaller. The bolls also are produced much earlier on the small plants, and are more likely to escape injury by the boll weevil. THE SOUL OF A SQUIRREL My hunting days are over!" announced my father, k, "What is the matter, Dad? You are not acknowledging that your age interfers, are you?" flippantly inquired my brother Bob. To Bob, Father has always been the "best sport ever," and the two, with Joe, our setter dog, have chummed together ever since the first time that the youngster ever showed an interest in the outdoor world. Father had taught him, day by day, the lore of the woods and fields, the hidden secrets of the streams, and the habits of the wild beasts. They had hunted and fished together, and to Bob, Father's statement was pure heresy. "No, Son, I am not too old for it. I guess that I never before realized that the animals I have shot were anything other than legitimate prey for us humans." "Well, aren't they?" demanded Bob. "Surely, Dad, you are not get/ ting queer about that, are you?" "Not exactly queer, Son, but I rnfViOr oninaa iViaf ClnA etau? otion tV*x? gray squirrels a soul. I never quite believed it before, but today I just had it forced hpon me. If you care to hear, I will tell you about it. 'Early this morning Joe treed a plump, little squirrel, and I got a clean enough shot at it. When I got up to where the little beggar had fallen, I found that it was still living. For some reason, I stopped and looked down at it for a minute. There ^ was an almost human look in those , eyes. It was reproach mingled with pain, and it cut me to the t^uick. I felt as though I had shot Joe and he was questioning why I, to whom he had done no haran, should be so cruel. As these thoughts went through my mind, the little creature reached out his paw and drew a large leaf toward him. I had shot to kill, but he seemed to have gained the victory. He seemud to say with his eyes: 'You poor specimen of a man, what do you understand?' He drew the leaf over h'a face and the little body quivered and was still. I was shut out from something. I was nothing l but a killer and should not see. It was as if that little animal saw Gtfd, but I was not worthy. I took off my cap and there In the woods 1 made a iwver again shoot CAilA*& nyAn-r-jia ftlT ikfa iillfil ... - v .<* Joe seemed to understand, for hei ? nosed my hand sympathetically. ij \ dug a little grave and placed the ' squirrel in it. Then Joe and 1 wand ered home again." Bob was silent for a minute. Then he blurted out: "All right, Dad, I'm with you. 1 reckon that Godl did have more souls than just for us humarts." ?Prances Jefferson, in Our Dumb Animals. WHITE ROBIN ARRIVES Residents of Spencerport, N. Y., have a new scensation. A whits robin is sojourning among them and many residents . and non-residents are in terested in the phenomenon. The robin has made its home in one of the orchards just outside the village. Tf awifK L? * ?..'vu n.wi uic uuter ruoins ana lives among: them on terms that could not be more intimate if all robins were color blind. It hns not been noticed whether the bird has a mate, but those who are watching tHe unusual visitor feel tKcy will have no difficulty in deeding the matter as , the season advances. Those who have seen it say it is perfectly white all over, with the exception of a few | black streaks running from the head ' toward the wings. Its breast is as J white as its back, which is no whiter ' than its wings or its tail. ] ?Mrs.-F. G. Van Nest in Our Dumb Animals. j THE CARE OF THE BABY I By L. A. Riser, M. D., in charge Department of Rural Sanitation and ' County Health oWrk, S. C. Board c f ' Health: This article is written for the moth- , ers and fathers, and-^for the boys and ( girls, too, for the latter are often the < ones who have a great deal of the care of their small sisters and brothers, and it is very necessary that they 1 know something of how to keep the ^ baby well and happy. A well baby * is always a happy baby and most of j the sickness of babies is entirely un- ^ necessary for it is too often due to j improper care,improper food and im- ] proper clothing. ] The .baby is very sensitive to heat t and cold. In our hot summer weath- , er We very often keep the baby too hot. As the hot days come on we < should think not of how much heat 1 we can keep in, but how much we can * let out, and we let out this heat by ( light thin clothes. Bad colds come J on more often after the baby has been made too hot than after it has gotton too cold. During Baby Week, which was re- | cently observed by one of our Coun- | ty Health Departments, the doctor in charge wrote me of a baby which was ] brought to the Clinic clad in three heavy flannel shirts made long so < they could fold back and thus double the amount of wrappings, over this ' | was put the infant's dress and then j it was wrapped in a heavy woolen snawi. mis was in May m one of our Southern counties. Every baby should have a bathe once a any. II , should be put in a. tub of water,1 neither too hot nor too cold, only the < head being kept out of the water. | Let the baby have plenty of frsh air, keep all the doors and windows' open and be sure they are screened to keep out flies and mosquitoes. It seldom gets too cold in South Caro- , linn to take the baby out in the fresh air?wrap it up and keen strong sunlight out of its eyes. j Baby should have plenty of sleep and should not be disturbed. Let the baby sleep by itself. Everybody is entitled to two things, his own tooth brush and his own bed. If you haven't a small crib, take a clothes basket. This makes a dandy bed and you have no idea how baby will enjoy it until you try it. Please don't give the baby a pacifier or soothing syrup. I know you are sorely tempted at times. The baby is not a toy?don't handle it like one- be gentle with it. The best food m the world for a baby is mother's milk. Sometimes artificial feeding is abosiulely necessary. Great care is needed in hot WPflthpr urlAn a kahv io knftlo fn/1 Ten bottle-fed babies die to every one breast fed baby. If cows milk is fed it should be pasteurized. Pasterizers can be had for a few dollars, but if you can't get one milk may be? pasturized by putting the proper number of feedings fo* twenty-four hours each in a separate bottle put some absorbent cotton in the bottles for stoppers. Then put them in warm water in a dieep covered vessel, bring it to the boiling point, then tAke off the Are and let the bottles remain in the water thirty minutes. This is better than boiling. After three months of age orange juice should be given to bottle fed babies, a table spoonful or more m*y be taken once a day. Don't forget to give the baby water. Boil the water and then cool it. Babies suffer for a drink in hot weather/ just as grown folks do . If you have a cough or cold keep iway from the baby, and even if you ure well, don't kiss the baby on the mouth. Contagious disease is often given the baby in this way. If the baby gets sick send for the doctor? don't put if off. The reason most editors don't print what they think is because they don't want to spend a lot of time in o hospital. QASOLINE SYSTEMS Oil Tanks and Pumps, Air Compressors, Computing Scales Floor Scales, Show Cases, Account Registers. Rebuilt Cash] Registers, Safes, Store Fixtures. [ HAMILTON SALES CO. I RAILWAY INQUIRY IN WASHINGTON Excessive Labor Costs and Working Conditions Chief Causes of- Trouble. NO CONTROL OVER EXPENSE Priees and Wagta Fixed by Governmant Leave Little 8cope for Managements. Washington, D. C.?In testifying before the Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce in the general investigation into the railroad situation, witnesses for the railroads contended that: # (1) The costs of operation are abnormal,. owing chiefly to wage scales established by the*'government which Ofcceed wages paid for similar work in other industries, and to wasteful labor costs, often tor work net done, enforced upon the railroads by the so called "National Agreements." % (2) That 97 H cents out of every dollar of operating expenses fn 1020 were at prices fixed directly by the government, or hy general market oond'tioiis and over which the railroad managements had no control. (3) That ttie general business .depression was not due to the high freight rates, but to the-lack of buying both here and abroad, v One of the moat strlkfhg facta h ought out In the testimony presented by the first witness, Julius Krutthnltt, chairman of the board of dli ctonj of the Southern Pacific, was I he following, in explanation of the rhlef reason for the Kin-ease In opr atlng expenses since 1910: "The labor bill of tho carriers In 1010 (which was before the Adamson law took effect) stood at $1,468,376,894. in 1920 It wks $3,698,210,351. an Increase of $2,229,839,957. "The Increase hy years since 1916 !::is been as follows: increase in 1917 $270,905,748 increase In 1918 874,331,209 Increase In 1919 229,315,081 increase In 1920 855,087,919 #r Hn aggregate Increase lince 1916 of ano iwv Exhibits were placed before the lonunlttee showing that for the rnll oads of the whole country, Increased expenses In 1920 over 1919 were aa follow*: Actual expenses for 1920.$6,163,138,341 Actual expenses for 1919. 4,667,774,131 Inc. for 1920 over 1910.$1,495,364,210 Mr. Kruttschnltt, In showing Iu.w Ittle control the railroads hud over >ecessary expenditures, said: "Sixty-four cents out of every dollar of operating expenses were, In 1920, paid out to lubor, and the wages ?f lubor are fixed by the government. "Fifteen cents out of every dollar of operating expenses was paid for materials und supplies at prices llxed L?y the government. "Three and one-h^lf cents out of every dollar was paid for other expenses Incurred by the government In the first two months of 1920. VA total, therefore, of 82V4 cents out of every dollar of operuting expeusea for 1920 was puid out at prices dlrectly fixed by the government. "The remainder, up to Vt/z cents, was for materials -and supplies, purchased at prices fixed by general market conditions and beyond the power of the railroads to control." To illustrate how labor costs were Inflated by the "National Agreements" entered into during reaerai control, fixing rules and working conditions, the following examples were cited: 1. The Pere Marquette Railway was compelled to pay $9,3<4 in hack pay to four employees because their titles under these agreements were changed by a decision of the Director General, whlls the nature of their duties and the volume of thslr work remained the same. 2. A car repairer on the Virginian Railway was paid $l,0ou for work he never did. He was laid off with other employees because there was no work for him to do. When he became entitled under his "seniority rights" to be re-employed, he received back pay and overtime. 5. The Shop Crafts Agreement provides that when employees are required to Vheclt In and out on their own time they will be paid for one hour extra at the close of each week, no matter how few hours they may have worked. This rule In the first six months of 1920 cost the railways $ ,500,000, or at rate of $13,000,000 a year. 4. On the Chesapeake & Ohio Kailroad piecework cur repairers decreassd 41.4 0er cent and airbrake repairers 33.4 per cent In efficiency under a guarantee of a fixed minimum rate per hour. 6. On the abolition of piece work on the Union Pacific Railroad in the wheel shop at Omaha. Nebr., the time required for the same work was Increased 31.9 per cent and the output was cut down 24 per cent; and in a coach-cleaning yard at Denver the time required was increased 3S.S per cent and the output decreased 28 per cent. . Southern Pacific emplo.veen. whose sole duty was to keep watch on stationary engines and to stop the engine In case anything went wrong, were reclassified by Director General as "electrical workers." one man on uiu omi ijukc (iiviaion i><-1 n k Kiven back pay of 92,381, another $2,094, another $2,009, anothei $2,003, and nix others amounts varyinK "from $1,500 to $1,900. 7. Under the present classification rules of the ahop crafts, in order to change a^omsle tip In the front end of a locomotive It Is nectxsary to call a boiler maker and his helper to open the door, because that Is boiler makers' work; to call a plpeman and hla helper to remove the blower pipe, because that is ptpemen's work; and call a machinist and hla helper to remove the tip, because that la machinists' work: also for the same force to be employed for putting In the new tip. Questioned by Senator I'oindexter. Mr. Kruttschnitt stated tlint ihese Instances might be Increased indefinitely and we' e characteristic on railroads of (he country, an u result of tha "Agreements" left over froui federal ten trot, Just Like the Old Heme. Mr. Scraplelgh?Can you give my daughter a home such as she has been accustomed to? The Suitor?Well, Tve got a hull terrier and a fighting cat and a parrot and If that won't do It I know where I can get a chimpanzee. The Dear Qlrle. Dora?Did you see the way that man smiled at me? Dorla?'Yea, dear. Let me Lave 1 look at your face. Perhaps you've got REPUBLICANS FIGHTING Washington, June 12.?Determination to bring about a decrease in the representation of Southern states in the House of Representatives and electorial* college on account of what he charged was disfranchisement there of negroes, was expresrod tonight in an announcement by Representative Tinkham, Republican Massachusetts, that tomorrow he would introduce a resolution for an investigation of the enforcement of the 14th amendment in the South. Mr. Tinkham already had petitioned for a conference of Reoublican members of the House for discussion of voting conditions in the South, and it is to be held Thursday night. Defeated during the last session and thus far this session in his attempts to force an issue on Southern representation, Mr. Tinkham said his new resolution would be drawn in conformity with the opinion of the House census committee that specific instances of disfranchisement must be cited before a congressional investigation can be undertaken. The Massachusetts member announced he would charge that in the general elections last November in 11 Southern states, negroes were denied the right of canting ballots. He declared it was "susceptible to proof that in some of the 11 states the laws in relation to registration and to the counting of ballots and otherwise were so unfairly and with such partisan partiality administered in and prior to the congressional elections of 1920 as to depignedly disfranchise persons constitutionally qualified to become electors." The resolution, Mr.' Tinkham announced, also will contain a charge that in all of the 11 states cited there were in 1920 many thousands of male and female citizens more than 21 years of age who did not own forty acres of land or possess a certain amount of property, who had not paid taxes or poll taxes and who could not read or write or understand and interpret the constitution as required by various state laws and constitutions. Requirements of the states on voters are set forth in the resoluton according to Mr. Tinkham. He stated that Alabama, with a total of 1 ,143,295 males and females over 21 in 1920, cast a vote of 227,293 for congressional candidates of the two major parties last fall; Arkansas, with 867,292 of voting age, cast a vote of 189,410; Florida, with 436,611 of voting age, cast 116,364 votes; Louisiana, with 924,184 males and females over 21, cast 91,587 votes; Mis?ippi, with 876,106 of voting age, cast 70,657 votes; North Carolina. with 1,210,727, cast 522,287 votes; South Carolina, with 779991 cast, 65,787 votes; Tennessee, with 1,214,947, cast a vote of 395,946; Texas, with 2,257,003, cast 405,828 votes and Virginia, with 1,207,074, cast 238.803 votes. Comparative figures for Georgia, Mr. Tinkham said, were not available. Once more we have reached the season where the fish ure living on the best worms in the land. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS Entrance examinations to the University of South Carolina will be held by the County Superintendent of Education at the county court house Friday, July 8, 1921, at 9 A. M. The University offers varied courses of study in science, literature, history arid law and business. The expenses are moderate and many opportunities for self support oare afforded. Scholarships are available. Military training is compulsory for Freshmen and Sophomores, Reserve Officers' Training Corps. , For full particulars write to President VV. S. Currell, University of South Carolina, 3t-25 Columha, S. C. DBnaaaDaaaana no DO itv .. " | indigestion g Many persons, . otherwise H U rigorous and healthy, are Q Q bothered occasionally with jQ gg Indigestion. The effects of a n h disordered stomach on the JJ system are dangerous, and W prompt treatment of lndlges- D B tlon Is important. "The. only Q m medicine I have needed has m been something to aid dlgee E| tlon and clean the liver," B B writes Mr. Fred Ashby, a m McKlnney, Texas, farmer. fii "My medicine is B 8 Thedford's 8 BLACK-DRAUGHT Q for Indigestion and stomach Mj 55 trouble of any kind. I hare 55 B never found anything that fl Q touches the spot* like Black- M Draught I take It In broken LL B doses after meals. For a long B Q time I tried pills, which grip- H Bed and didn't give the good p. results. Black-Draught liver H B medicine Is easy to take, easy Q m to keep, Inexpensive." n Get a package from yonr 55 druggist today?Ask.for and O Insist upon Thedford's?the (3 i B only genuine. B Q o?t it tod*?. IS SSbbbbbbbbbSE . - V -JLllJli-l1 ^Hi I I III I i j i ?III Goodrich 30x31 antiskid safety tread \ % fabric tire % \ Goodrich 'M 1. One quality 2. Extra size 3. Specially desi\ 4. oAnti-shid 3. Fair price nfcn?i?i?i?iiimiim???iiipE^S[g Ifou/ &huu'ifieds Si 1 jfoTfciti SjucaUl? | [jj Here is your opportunity to insure ; |i; against embarrassing errors in spelling, jj '.I pronunciation and poor choice of SJ words. Know the meaning of puzzling jj ; wur terms. Increase your efficiency, jj :: which results in power and success. WEBSTER'S | NEW INTERNATIONAL | jj DICTIONARY is an all-know- 11 ij ing teacher, n universal question jj answerer, made to meet your Jj 1: needs. It is in daily use by jj i: hundreds of thousands of sue- : ;; ccaMul uu:n und wonu u the world over. j, j- 400,000 Words. 2700 Paftea. 6000 II- B lustrations. 12,000 Biographical En- S* " tr'?, 30,000 Geographical Subjects. j jj GRAND PRIZE. (Highest Award) I'annnia-l'ucifio Exposition. j REGULAR and INDIA-PAPER Editions. t: I ", WRITE for Rprrimc-n Pages. FREE Jj j I! Pocket Maps if you name this paper. < G. & C. MERRIAM CO., jj Springfield, Mass., U. S. A. CITATION NOTICE The State of South Carolina, County of Chesterfield, By M. J. Hough, Probate Judge: Whereas, F. M. Moore made suit1 to me to grant him Letters of Administration of the estate and effects of W. G. Hinson, deceased. These are, therefore, to cite and admonish all and singular the kindred and creditors of the said W. G. Hnson, decased, that they be and appear before me in the Court of Probate, to be held at Chesterfield, S. C. on dune 9, next, after publication hereof, at 1 1 o'clock <n the forenoon, to show cause, if any th"v have, why , the said administration should not be granted. . Given under my hand this 25 day I of May, Anno Domino 1921. M. J. Hough, Probate Judge. i J. ARTHUR KNIGHT Attorn?y-at-Law Office in Courthouse Chesterfield, S. C. TROTTI A PARK, Dental Surgeons Chesterfield, S. C. Office on second floor in Ross I Building. W w Bj \ \llf HUNTS GUARANTEED I -^ty \| 8KIN DISEASE RBMBDIES /iff WJ (Hunt's Salve and 8oap), fallin f 1 I ft the treatment of Itch, Sesame, iA Ringworm, Tettsr or other IteViIns ski a disease*. Try Uue treatment at Okr risk. MHUHHMh p jpp ^ sf<" -". }^Bai^aKa^^'BssaBsmm^ 5X3? --jive Toil The name of Goo one quality onfy. L tires this 30x3 V is c ytied ar<^ *s a ^xeci pri?< must be the best o experience can pre THE B. F. GOODKH oAk\ W orst Disaster in Many Years New York, June 4.?Flooding of Pueblo and other Colorado towns, with a reported loss of 500 lives, is the worst disaster that has befallen this country since the sinking of the steamship Eastland at Chicago in 1915 with a loss of 812 lives. Within the last ten years more than 2,000 lives have been lost and millions of dollars worth of property destroyed by floods of American rivers. The most memorable were: The overflow of the Missiossippi in April 1912, with a loss of 500 lives and destruction of $2,000,000 worth of property in scores of towns and cities in Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas and Tennessee. In March, 1912, the Ohio and its tributaries overflowed with serious effects upon a large region, including the cities of Dayton, Hamilton, Zanesvillo, Columbus and Cincinnati. About j.iv/ iivc-r were lost in an. ine property loss exceeded $20,000,000. More than 200 persons lost theii lives in a flood which overran the valley of the San Luis Rey river in California in January, 1910. The Rio Grande overflowed its Wamble Hill National Is authorized to take and file Land Bank of Columbia. Rate of interest (5 per cent. Loar The Federal Land Bank will lc per cent, on insurable improven Filing your application with W Association is the first step tak Federal Land Bank of Columb The bank will complete all loai make the monev avnilnhlo The bank desires to meet the n< application will insure you to g The Wamble Hill National Fa business in the entire county, a services if loan is made, other cost. Brinjr your land deed for i tion. B. J. Dou^jl as Wamble Hill Ollice in Rear of Bank Hard Fnrw Fannin Going At Greatl i Farmers Hard 1 1 1 m 1 ichUre Prices ^20 percent st word in Quality best word in Price SILVEHTOWW CORDS An?i-Skid Safrty Tread "^fusiT $24.SO fr5S~ *31.9 O *290 *41.85 *3.55 *43.10 *3.70 *47.30 *450 *48.40 *4j65 *49.65 H.7S *58.90 *555 , $61.9P | |^80 atoric Tires 3 H?JQo\ | Safety 132*41??&90 3 *13.45 Safety 33?4 *2830 tthbXJO Safety 33?4Sj $3US Effective May 2 . ,?<A' its of 'Excellence drich on a tire means .ike all other Goodrich me quality. This stand:iple, and that quality >tir resources, skill and >duce. :h rubber company rati, Ohio | banks following heavy rains in July, 1916, and several hundtred persons l perished, mostly on tb" Mexican side of the river. There were 75 deaths at El Paso and hundreds were made 1 homeless. The greatest American flood occurj red when virtually the entire city of ! Johnstown, Pa., was destroyd cn May 31. 1X8'), by the breaking of the Coni nemaugh earn just outside of it. The ' exact loss of life was never determined but reliable estimates placed the number of lives lost at about 2,500. A great part of the damage to Galvi'stnn in si tui-i-iffw. V,i,~f O?^ ... .. vvttiiMV IIUI t IVUIIV UL OC|l tember, 1000, was done by water ! blown in from the Guly of Mexico. More than 3,00 persons died and property worth $'20,000,000 was destroyed. A. F. DAVIS MARKET j The Finest Fresh Meat* The Best Fancy Grocerie* High Grade Canned Good* The Beat of Everything for the Table A. F. DAVIS MARKET Farm Loan Association applications with the Federal is made on improved farm lands, an 50 per cent, on land and 20 lents. amble Hill National Farm Loan en to secure a loan through the ians as fast as it can sell bonds to ^ 2eds of the farmer, and an early et your loan quicker. rm Association is entitled to do ind it charges 1 per cent tor its 'ise all is refunded except actual nspection when making applicais, Sec. Treas. N. F. I.. A. of Chesterfield Building ware, iture, g Tools y Reduced Prices ware Company