The Chesterfield advertiser. [volume] (Chesterfield C.H., S.C.) 1884-1978, July 29, 1915, Image 1
VOLUME 34.?NUMBER 19. CHESTERFIELD, S. C., JULY 29, 1915. $1 A YEAR IN ADVANCE. ?
L AAI nnniiil! IIT niivml
mil IMliWN IN HIVtit
CfflCAOO EXCURSION STEAMER
I SINKS AT ITS DOCK
I MANY THROWN INTO SEA
H Loaded With 2,500 PaMongers
IW- Steamer Eastland Attempts to Be|in
Trip But Slowly Lists and
Tarns Over in Five Minutes?
River Filled With Bodies.
The bodies Of 901 persons, drowned
when the steamship Eastland capslsed
Saturday at its wharf in the
Chicago river, had been recovered
Sunday night after forty hours of
Marching by divers.
The total derd was put at approximately
one thousand by Coroner
Hoff;~an of Chicago, whose reports
indicated that possibly one hundred
bodies were held in the mud of the
river by the superstructure of the
boat. While only 1,002 of tho 2,408
passengers of the Eaitiand have registered
as saved, it was thought that
about 475 survlvers, including the
crew of seventy-two, had failed to report.
The Eastland lies on her side with
divers still floundering through her
interior and burrowing under her in
a death search, while Chicago, appal
led, is Just beginning to grasp the
significance of one of the greatest of
marine disasters.
While the grieving thousands who
lost relatives walked through the
morgue in the Second regiment armory
gazing into the faces of the
dead, Chicago citizens and city. State
and federal officials turned their attention
to investigations of the catastrophe
and the work of providing relief
for those left destitute,
i Whiie no families wore made
wholly dependent by tho disaster, it
I was said many victums had been
^ working only half time or less in reft
rent months. Several men who made
this report, in asking for aid, were
asked why they started on the excurH
slon while in poor financial circum
stances.
H They replied that an organization
of employees gave the picnic and that
H experience had taught them it was
I best to buy tickets, if they deaired
preferment for work. They said the
company* had nothing to do with this
condition or the management of the
excursion, but that members of the
employees' organization found purchase
of tickets for the annual lake
trip almost compulsory.
Various theories as to what caused
the Eastland to turn over were discussed.
The four considered most
probable were:
That the boat was overloaded; that
she was not properly ballasted; that
a tug that made fast to warp the I
Eastland from the docks started pulling
too Boon; that congestion of passengers
rushing to the port side attracted
by some passing sensation
tipped the steamer over.
Electric company officials said that
not more than one-third of the victims
were employees, the others being
members of employees' families
or friends.
Stories by witnesses and survivors
cleared many details of the catastrophe.
All the Eastland's passengers,
except two or three hundred who
clung to the starboard rail or climbed
out the starboard portholes, were
thrown into the river, crushed into
the slimy mud of the bottom or imprisoned
between deckB.
Listing of the boat was noticed,
some said, fifteen miuutes before she
turned over. Capt. Pederson said five
I minutes. When full realization came
the slow list had become on overturn.
Men. g'rla, women and chil(Continued
on last page
AMERICAN Ship'TORPEDOED;
GERMAN SUBMARINE ATTACKS
London Ilarely Announces Destruction
of Steamships on Monday
off Coast of Scotland.
London, Monday: The American
steamship Leelanaw, from Archangel
July 8 for Belfast with a cargo of
flax, was Bunk Monday by a German
submarine off the northwest coast of
Scotland. All members of the crew
of the Leelanaw were saved. They
were brought into Kirkwall In their
own ooaiB.
The Leelanaw was owned by the
Leelanaw Steamship company, of
New York. She was formerly the
Earnwell. She was 280 feet long
and of 1,8 2 4 gross tons. She left
Oalveston May 15 and New York May
with a cargo of cotton for ArchQ^^ihgel.
T-larly In June sho was detained
by the British at Kirkwall
where her cargo was consigned by
way of Gothenburg, 8weden, which
country forbids the export of cotton.
Having discharged her cargo at
Archangel the Leelanaw was returnIns
when sunk.
ALLIES AREUNEASY
Fear There is Something Behind
Turk Grant to Bulgaria.
Tx>ndon, Monday: Some uneasiness
Is being caused in diplomatic circles
of the entente allies by the report,
not yet officially confirmed, that
F* ~ Turkey cas ceded to Bulgaria the
Turkish portion of the Dedagatch
railroad. Sofia reports this cession
will have no effect on Bulgarian neutrality,
but the belief Is expressed in
I/ondon that Turkey would not be
likely to give up such valuable terriL
tory without the promise of substantial
aid from Bulgaria.
v kysWirM Condolence*.
a^xtended his
sorrow to
raHRMBM^BHetnt disaster
Ditiiian QuvfiKPuntni
ANSWERS OUR PROTES
She Holds That the Order in Coonc
is Within International
law.
Oreat Britain's reply to the Amer
can note of March 30 protestln
against enforcement of the orders 1
council which restrict neutral con
merce, was received In Washlngto
Monday. It holds that the ordei
are within international law, a
though they may Involve a new ai
plication of principles and argue
that It Is proper to await a Judlcle
interpretation.
The new note, in courteous lai
guage, holds that Oreat Britain's a<
tion Is Justified by decisions of th
United States supreme court in case
arising during the Ctvll War. An
differences with the United State
over what Is termed the new appltcc
tion Of principles are held to fc
proper for submission to Judicial set
tinmen*:.
Secretary Lansing announced r<
reclpt of the note. It will be foi
warded to President Wilson at Coi
nish, N. H.
The keynote of the British note I
a declaration that the British goverr
ment has steadfastly held to th
oard principles of international la'
in all that has been done under th
order in council; and that if a net
tral government feels aggrieved ther
is a remedy in the courts, or ever
tuaily, in arbitrationGenerally,
it is held that when
neutral country or port is made
base of operations against a belligei
ent, the other belligerent is Justifle
in blockading such country or pori
The action of the United States in th
Civil War In blockading the Britis
island of Bermuda is cited as a wai
rant for the action of the British go\
ernment in preventing goods froi
reaching Germany from the Unite
States through Denmark, Holland o
Sweden. The original America
blockade on the west side of Bei
murda proved deficient, the Amer!
can warships were stationed on th
west side and throughout the remain
der of the war no goods were pei
mitted to reach Bermuda that mlgh
bo transshipped to the Confederat
states. That action wa? sustained b
the United States supreme court.
The new note makes the point tha
the only way to ascertain the rea
destination of supplies from Amerlc
consigned to neutral countries c
northern Europe is to consider th
amount of the goods consumed i
their normal trade, for It is contend
ed that they are so riuch In fear o
Germany that they fall to prevent th
reshipment of such goods Into Gei
many.
On July 17 the United States gav
notice that it did not accept the or
dnr in council as a substitute for in
ternational law, so far as It affecte
American commerce.
GREAT BRITAIN PROTESTED
AGAINST COTTON C0NTRABAN1
London Weekly Says England Want
ed Free Cotton In llu/wo Tapanese
War.
Commenting upon the demand o
newspapers and publicists that cotto
sl all be made absolute contraban
regardless of the effect on neutra
nations, the London Weekly Natio
points out Great Britain proteste
against cotton being declared contra
band during the Russo-Japanese wa
and that is the declaration of Lor
non tne iiriusn representatives lr
slated upon having cotton placed o
the free Hat.
"The more abrogation of thia doc
ument," continues the papei
"would not satisfy neutrals of ruc
interests aa those of the America
cotton 8tates which wish to kno<
whether Britain's command of th
seas is to Juatify her in making or lr
making International law as it suit
her convenience of the moment."
The Nation considers, howevei
that if Germany diverted all cotto
supplied for the manufacture of wa
munitions a new situation would hav
arisen, and the declaration of Ixrr
don as absolute contraand could b
justified before the world but eve
then the treatment of cotton destir
ed for neutral states would remain t
be considered.
RUSSIAN UNEVHOLD FIRM
EXCEPT NORTH OF WARSAY
Maokensen Has Been Checked Aj
parently But von Iflndenl>erg
Moves On.
Only the northern tip of the pine
era the Auatro-Germans for mor
than a week have been trying t
clone around Warsaw and the Rui
slan armies In the Polish salient ha
moved the last few days, says Lor
don.
This point has forced It way acros
the Narew River, between the foi
tresses of Pultusk and Rozan, and I
advancing toward the Bug Rlvei
which stands for the greater part c
the way between It and the Warsaw
Vllna Railway, Its objective.
The other point, which Field Mai
shal von Mackensen Is directing s
tho Cholm-Lublln railway, has galr
ed hardly a yard since It reached th
village of Relovetz, Just south of th
railway.
In stubbornly resisting the Oei
man advance the Russians are ma*
Ing a continual threat a* von Macker
sen's flank along the Rug River froi
east of Cholm to east of I^embert
Between Kryland Rokal their attack
have been especially severe, compe
ling the Germans to send reinforce
ments to meet them.
Submarines Active Sunday.
One French steamer, a Brltls
steamer and Ave trawlers were sen
to the bottom by German submarine
Sunday. The crews of most of thei
were bared.
, TALKS TO TILLMAN 1
ii OREGON JOURNALISTS INTER- i
.VIEW SENIOR SENATOR ,
?BACKS PRESIDENT WILSON ,
i
n
re -tfbuth Carolinian Attracts Much At1
). tent Ion In His Journeying Through
[l the Western States?Party Attends
Iloth Expositions and Visits Sites
i..
of Historlal Interest.
? The following article recently ap'
peared in the Oregon Journal, pub v
lished at Portland, Ore., and le of
Interest to the friends of Senator Tlll~
man in this city:
^ Far from being the Are eater
g which me opposition pross tnrougli- 1
* out the country had pictured him,
Benjamin Ryan Tillman, senior Unltr"
ed States senator from South Caro**
lina, is a man of calmness and slow
utterance. At the home of his daugliis
ter, Mrs. Henry W. Hughes, 1124
t- East Davis street, yesterday aftere
noon, he told of the triumphs of Deaf
mocracy iu subdued and almost ree
luctant manner. Only when asked
i- to talk about President Wilson did
e he become enthusiastic?and then he
i- declared no man has more completely
the confidence of the American
a people than this man of judgment,
a dignity and power.
Much Pleased With Exposition,
d Senator Tillman, Mrs. Tillman and
t. Miss Tillman arrived Friday evening
e from the south. They had Inspected
h the Panama-Pacific exposition in a
- leisurely and thorough manner after
r. having come from the east by water
n and threaded the Panama canal. On
d the subject of the exposition the senr
ator was inclined to be voluble, den
daring that the Canadian and Call -
fornla exhibits alone are of sufficient
I- worth to justify the expense of a trip
e across the continent,
i- "I didn't have much opportunity
'- to meet people," explained the senat
tor. "But every one I did talk polie
tics with was confident President
y Wilson has been growing in strength
constantly since the interchange of
t diplomatic notes with Germany has
d been going on. He should be re-electa
ed next year by a larger majority ?
. thnnlnlOIV
ii *??e
"He has shown himself to bo a
n man of calmness, with a definite pro- E
[. gram In mind which he is working e
f out in a dignified way. e
0 Sees Progressives in West.
"I find the Republicans in Oregon ]
are of a much different type than
e our Republicans back east," contiau..
ed the senator. "They are broader,
h more progressive, have the idea that
tj the party after all is merely a means
of securing the b;Mt possible go?t'n- '
ment rather than as an end of itself.
Otherwise, they would not have reelected
George Chamberlain last fall
and would not have elected Harry
I) Lane when the state is so largely Republican.
f
"Now, back east, it would have
taken a gigantic political upheaval to
> allow the election of a Democratic
senator in a rock-ribbed Republican
state. It's just in line, though, with
the whole spirit of the west. The
country is young and has hardly beif
gun to touch its native resources,
n Oregon is remarkably fortunate bed
cause it has its full share of these
d resources, together with a scenic setn
ting that can not be surpassed,
d Note* Rig Improvements Here.
l- "Portland has undergone many imr
provements slnc^ 1 was here before,
i- That was in 1907, just after the San
i- Francisco earthquake and fire. It
n was an amusing thing to me then to
watch the rivalry of Los Angeles,
Portland and Seattle In struggling to
ciuiiu an me rranspacinc Dusiness <
lost by the 'ruined city.' But San
n Francisco 'came back' and kept the
business the other cities were fight- 1
e ing over."
After tarrying In Portland for a t
g week or ten days the senator and his I
family will go to Skagway, Alaska. '
for a glimpse of the rugged scenery 1
Pl of the Lynn canal. I^ast year Mr. '
n Tillman's boh, accompanying Engl- ?
p neer Edes, saw this interesting bit of *
e United States and described it so
vividly that he fired the curiosity of (
0 his sire. 1
J! Will Keturn to Portland. '
0 "I may not get out thiB way _
again," Senator Tillman explained, t
"and I don't want to die without hav- t
ing seen the best things in my native f
country. After we have seen this re- j
ir glon, we will come back to Portland (
1 for another week or two and then go
east over the Grand Trunk."
The senator is now sixty-eight
v years old. Though he is not so rugged
as he was eight years ago in his
previous visit, his massive frame
shows few ravages of time. Mrs.
Tillman is also well preserved and
was having a happy chat with her
daughters and a few callers while
her husband was entertaining the
' newspaper man. She displayed a
" photograph of the senator and Tlios.
s A. Edison taken together, and passed
roguish remarks about the compara
tlve tailoring of the two men's gar* 1
18 ments, vith the comparison by no f
p" means favoring her husband. {
rH An Apostle of ^duration.
,f Mr. Tillinan is a staunch Detio- ,
r_ crat. Before that, however, he is an j
apostle of education, of the doctrine (
that everybody should be given a (
* chance, that the world owes its in- ,
habitants tho opportunity, at least,
^ to take advantage of the resources j
she has spread forth. I
That is why he entered politics in |
the first place away back in 1886. (
He had come to the conclusion that (
his home state was not sufficiently
equipped with good schools of the
y kind that are of actual benefit in de*'
veloping the resources of the com*
. monwealth. The first fruits of the 1
agitation he started was the founding
of the Clemson Agricultural and 1
, Mechanical college at Fort Hill, John 1
C. Calhoun's old home. Such a responsive
chord did this school sound
h that the Democrats put him forward
it In 1890 as a candidate for governor, i
is He was elected by a big majority and <
n re-elected in 1892. His admlnistra- 1
tlon was featured by the passage of i
^ L
RUSSIAN ARMY DESTROYED;
GERMANS CROSS THE NAREW
*
Berlin Reports Two Great Victories
Won by Gen. von Buelow and
Gen. von Hindenberg.
I on don reports: Two great battles
liave been won by the Germans, one
In Northern Poland and one due
north of Warsaw, where von Hlnienberg
has crossed the Narew.
Berlin reports: Gen von Buelow
has defeated the fifth Russian army
near Shavli. After ten days of continuous
fighting and marching the
3erim.ns troops succeeded in arresting
the retreat of the Russians in the
llstrict of Rozalln-Szalow and defeated
and dispersed them.
The booty since the beginning of
Lhese operations on July fourteenth
las increased to twenty-five cannon,
Forty machine guns, more than one
lundred were loaded with ammunition,
a great quantity of baggage and
ether war material.
The startling news from the Rusilan
war theatre, the capture of the
itrong fortresses of Rozan and Pul:usk,
the piercing of the Narew line
ind the taking of twelve thousand
prisoners within ten days, is overihadowing
everything else.
Flags are out everywhere and the
ension of the German people who are
'xpeetlng a decisive battle which may
ieclde the whole war, is enormous.
-Jindenberg with Mackensen, should,
iccordlng to the military frrlters, ac:omplish
lmpor'int results.
Ix>ndon reports: Field Marshal von
luelow after a chase of ten days has
jractically wiped out the Fifth Rusdan
army, according to an official
itatement received from Berlin. The
mttle which took place in the region
>f Ros'eny and Schadow ended with
he German artillery lowing up the
Russian defenses and the German
avalry dashing in among the panicitricken
Russians who were cut down
jy the horsemen as they flew in a
vild rout in all directions.
Great numbers of prisoners and
itores of booty have been taken, ac:ording
to advises from Berlin, all of
vhich it so far has been impossible.
:o classify. This army which has
aeen reinforced by an entire army
:orps, is now sweeping northward.
In what the German official report
lescribes as an "irresistible attack,"
'.he troops under von Hlndenberg
itormed the fortified city of Pultusk
ind the strong positions at Rozan,
orced a passage at the Narew on a
vide front between these two points,
ind are now prepared for an advance
Lgainst the Bug, last barrier to War
131,250 RUSSIANS CAPTURED
BY TEUTONS SINCE JULY 14
i
hTgthing for Warsaw Shift* to the
North Where Germana
Claim Success.
Frankfort, Germany, reports Moniay
via Ixmdon: The Frankfurter
Seitung Vienna correspondent says
he Austro-German forces have capured
131,250 RuBBian prisoners since
fuly 14, besides forty-one cannon one
lundred and forty-one machine guns
md other supplies.
Ixtndon, Monday: Fighting for
iVarsaw has shifted from South Poand
where Field Marshal von Macksnsen
has been unable to advance, to
ho north where the Germans have
crossed the Narew river along a wide
ront.
Petrograd has not admitted this
lerman success. The Ostrolenka forress,
from which radiate three useul
strategic railroads, apparently
itill is controlled by the Russians,
Uthougli the attack from Pultusk
lorthward has brought the Germans
o a point south of Ostrolenka.
Tl.n 1O?ao? '
no micni uci man nuixcD!) unilgil
;hem within twenty-five miles of
lorth ..arsaw but the Polish capital
las a second line of defense along
he Hug River. To the southward
he Germans are attacking the deense
lines near Piazeczno, which Is
wenty-two miles from Warsaw. The
Russians are withdrawing all men
ind material for the manufacture of
nunitions from Warsaw.
The stubborn hold of the Russians
>n the Lublin-Cholm railroad conLnues.
The Austro-German troops,
Russian advices say~ are suffering
inder fierce counter attacks.
he state dispensary law for the conrol
of the liquor traffic by the state
ind the establishment of another colege,
the Winthrop Normal and Inlustrial
School for Women.
U. S. Senate Next in IJne.
Tho ITnited States senate came
lext in line for Mr. Tillman, and he
vas elected by the legislature over
General Rutler after a county-by:ounty
campaign that developed into
>ne of the most bitter political fights
n the history of the south.
He was re-elected in 1891 and
1907 without any opposition at all,
ind again in 1913. His term, ac:ordlngly,
runs until 1919.
Was a Farmer Once.
Senator Tillman bore the sobrljuet
of ".Pitchfork'' during the volitlle
days of free silver in the senite.
This was given him partly be
ause of his agricultural pursuits, be ause
he was a farmer before he was
nuch of anything else?and partly
mcause of hts uncompromising stand
>n political questions that made him
me of the senate's masters of satl ical
Invective.
The senator expects to take a num>er
of automobile trips around Portand
during his visit and plans were
jeing discussed for an expedition
>ver the Columbia Ttlver highway
luring the next few days.
One Thousand Mexicans Killed.
Americans arriving at Laredo, Texts.,
say that In recent fighting around
Mlla Garcia resulted In over a thoutand
slain, the casualties being apparently
evenly divided.
Wilson Hunts Quiet to Work.
President Wilson U again at Corrlsh,
N. H., where ho arrived Saturlay,
saying he did not come for a
vacation,' but "for an uninterrupted
ppportunlty to work."
J
WILSON WANTS NAVY
PRESIDENT TAKES UP OUR PREPARATIONS
FOR WAR ,
ARMY MUST BE ENLARGED
Secretaries of War and Navy are Called
Upon to Report on the Subject
of National Defence ? Wilson
Wishes Navy to Stand Equal With
Any Other Afloat.
.President Wilson has called for reports
on the subject of national defence.
These will be made to him
personally by the heads of the war
and navy departments. The fact that
this action had been taken became
known in Washington Saturday when
formal announcement was made at
the White House that President Wilson
on his return to Washington will
confer with Secretaries Garrison and
Daniels on a program for national defence.
The president has written to the
heads of the war and navy departments
for reports on the subject,
pointing out the necessity for working
out plans for increasing the efficiency
of the military arms of the
government. The White House statement
follows:
"Th6 president has been considering
every phase of the matter of national
defence and intends immediately
on his return to Washington to
confer with the Secretary of War
and the Secretary of the Navy, his
purpose being to procure information
on which he can formulate a sane,
reasonable and practical program of
national defence."
For the time being the president
feels that it is desirable to drop all
discussion of the controversy with
Germany, now that the object of last
week's visit to Washington has been
accomplished, and he is turning to
questions of permanent national policy.
Practical advice concerning national
defence from every available
professional source is being sought.
It is known, in fact, that the best
minds of the military branches of the
government have b en at work on
these matters for some time.
Men of the army and navy who
have been most directly In touch
with conditions of defence that have
been evolved out of modern experience,
have been called upon for their
views. The president not only wishes
advice from those who have knowledge
of actual conditions of warfare
existing in Europe, to-day, but he is
seeking light from those who are
able to understand and comprehend
all possible phases of altered conditions
on both land and set
He particularly wishes the navy to
stand upon equality with the most
efficient and serviceable fighting sea
force maintained by any power.
As to the army, it is known' here
that the president is preparing to incorporate
in his next, message to congress
a definite program relating to
the development and equipment of
this branch of the service. It will
provide a plan for the proper military
training of citizens in every way consistent
with American traditions and
natonal policy, and which the president
believes will commend itself to
all patriotic and political mind.
Secretary Garrison has been at
work steadily with members of the
army general staff for several weeks
planning a general military policy.
The navy also has been occupied in
secret with emergency preparations.
The delicacy of international affairs
brought these facts to light and
officials admitted that for the next
fow wpolfa t ho n nnut ion of noHnnol
defence will be a foremost one. The
president hopes to lay foundations
for a permanent national policy particularly
for the army.
Details of a reserve system being
planned are withheld, and it is said
the aim of the general staff is to
create a reserve army of at least five
hundred thousand men and possibly
more. Increases are planned in the
regular army posts at Hawaii, the
Phillippine8 and the Panama canal
zones, with a material increase of
the forces in continental United
States.
Army officers hold that ample
equipment of field guns, rifles, machine
guns and heavy field ordnance
must be prepared in advance. It
takes time to make these and also to
manufacture big gua ammunition.
Field gun ammunition and small
arms cartridges can bo made quickly.
It is said private plants to make
these have increased many fold under
the stimulus of European contracts.
A year ago the government
owned fifty per cent, of the total
American capacity for this work. It
now is entimated that private plants
could make in a month as much as
government shops could turn out in
four months.
/vinous army auu navy uiiiixih
familiar with the latest developments
the belief prevails that a military
budgot practically twice that of last
year will be presented to congress.
The army, it is believed, will seek at
lease two hundred million dollars
and the navy perhaps as high as two
hundred and fifty million dollars.
All of official Washington Is puzzled
and pleased over the statement
made in behalf of President Wilson
that he would take up at once the
question of the military preparedness
of the United States. There were
opinions that the apparent failure of
the president's plan In Mexico, at
least, up to date, demanded that the
navy be put in first class condition
and also opinions that the activity
was due to some Indefinite European
complications.
Most officials took the view that
the campaign for a navy commensurate
with the greatness of the republic
had been successful against all opposition
and the means would be found
also to put an army in the field on
emergency orders.
In the navy, wor!: Is proceeding
steadily on the perfection of the submarine
and the aeroplane. Attention
has been concentrated on putting the
navy on an equality with the most
efficient. Although the navy general
. _
WARSAW HAS BEEN OBJECT 1
OF MUCH FIGHTING IN WAR
In Struggling for Poland's Capital '
German Troops Swayed Hackward
and Forward.
From the beginning of the war,
Warsaw, the capital of Russian Po- j
land, has been the objective of the
Oornion n,n.UD I" 11.- *
v~.?>. < uiuiico hi me eaitujru iiieatre.
The famous drive of the Russians
westward through Eastern 1
Prussia, only to meet with disaster
at Tannesberg, had a sympathetic sequel
in the south, where, on November
10, the Russian lines actually
penetrated Posen.
Since then, however, and down to
the middle of February, tho Germans
had thrice advanced and retreated
between Warsaw and the frontier, so .
that on the foregoing date they (
formed almost a semicircle around
the city. Eater the lines were gradually
straightened so as to form an
ai ^le, with a point twenty miles due
west of Warsaw as its vortex. For
tho last five months during the German
drives in the direction of Riga
in the north and the Russian sweep
through Galicla in the south up to
the last of April, and then the retreat
from the Carpathians to the
Polish frontier, the lines around
Warsaw have remained about the
same. Only when, during the last
th-ee weeks, the pressure northeast
and southeast of the city Increased,
has the angle become smaller.
Until then the name of Warsaw
had hardly been mentioned in the
dispatches since the middle of last
October, when thousands of German
prisoners passed through it on their
way east. On these prisoners were
found post cards ready written an'.ouncing
to their home addresses
that Warsaw would be taken on the
fifteenth of October, tho birthday of
tne Emperor William, as a fitting
present on the imperial anniversary.
Warsaw is a railway junction of
lines radiating east and west?three
in one general direction and four in
tho Af hoi* TK r*
v?u uiiivk Alio canicn; uues IU I |
Petrograd via Bialystok, Grodno, and f
Wilna to Sledlic; and to Ivangorod
and Dublin and along the Gallcian |
frontier. Thus moat the supplies |
that have reached the Russian army ,
retreating through Galicia have had |
to pasB through Warsaw. The three '{
lines on the west go to Ostrolenka, j
on the East Prussian frontier; to the ^
German fortress of Thorn via Lo- t
wlcz and Kutno, and to Pletrkow vin ^
Skierniewice. These last concentrat
ing lines have measurably aided the
Germans to bring a large body of <;
troops to the western front of War- f
saw. j
This front has not yet been broken s
because of the level lands almost em- 1
bracing the city on the western side t
for a distance of twenty miles. Due a
west of the city there is a broad i
marsh over which the guns of the t
outer forts have full play; northwest t
and southwest there were forests
which, being leveled in the early j
days of the war, now form similar c
difficult approaches. r
f
board has not completed its plans, it t
is understood authoritatively that at f
least thirty submarines and possibly s
fifty will be asked of congress when I
the reports are submitted. Work on i
ships now building is to be rushed. s
The general board's recommendations
are also expected to include a r
number of battle cruiser i, a minimum r
of four dreadnoughts and a propor- c
tionate number of scout cruisers and s
ouvlHnrv s*rn ft onoli oo ^"'1 *
J VIUIVI uuv.il UO 1UUI Oil 1 po U1IU J
submarine tenders.
The department is engaged with c
experiments with aeroplanes and sub- t
marines and also with attempts to t
find a practical means of defense for I
battleships against torpedoes. The t
experts are said to be spending one r
hundreds thousand dollars In an effort
to solve this problem. C
It is thought several additional f
small navy yards to serve as subma- \
rine bases would be suggested. Such t
a program would carry with it of ?
necessity an increase in navy per- t
sonnel and probably the enlargement \
of the naval academy at Annapolis. e
High officials of the navy say that t
a tentative program has been agreed a
upon as to battleships, battle cruisers t
and submarines. <1
The new program asks for two ad- a
ditional hospital ships, two new fuel t
ships and such a number of submarines
as will bring that arm of the \
navy up to about one hundred suV a
marines, most of which are to be fit- c
ted with three-inch guns and the \
larger sea-going type, of the Schley a
class, with several guns of a larger t
calibre.
A decided change on the issue of |
battle cruisers has developed. One r
of the experts said that the develop- 1
ment of aircraft as scouts, offensive u
and defensive, has diminished the t
necessity for the high speed battle t
cruisers. It is expected that the pro- c
Kimii iu uc ?u u milieu iu uiu pi
will bo for at least six new battle- I
ships of the modern type. c
WILL RETURN FIRE j
American Troopw Ordered to Prevent r
Shooting Across iwfrder. i
Gen. Carranza and Clen. Villa-have ]
been notified by the state department j
that the United States army will de- (
fend Americans from attack, acci- t
dental or otherwise, by the forces of
either Mexican leader at Naco and at |
Nogales, towns on the Mexican bor- ,
der. e
It is understood that If the Mexl- (
can factions at Naco engage again in ,
fighting so as to endanger American t
lives, tho United 8tates artillery will f
stop the fighting. Department offi- (
cials my that no plan of invasion. f
even' temporary, Is Involved, but that i
the fighting fofob will be driven a i
safe distance from any town where |
the Mexicans repeat the forbidden f
tactics.
Bavarian Kings Asserts Power. '
Although It has been claimed that
the Oerman emperor Mono has the
right to create a field marshal, the
king of Bavaria has created a sensation
in Germany by appointing the I
kaiser a marshal in the Bavarian i
army. The new marshal accepted the i
appointment. I
THE WAR LAST WEEK
GERMAN EFFORT TO WIN WAR- * *
SAW AND ITS MEANING
i
ATTACK ON THREE SIDES
I'on Hindcnlwrg'H nattering Tactics
Wins Ground in I>ir?ct Frontal Attacks
in the North and Constitutes
Greatest Menace to Polish Capital ^
?What Its Fall Means.
A Military Expert in The New
fork Times, in reviewing last week's
Ighting, says:
At the outset of the war, almost
before the Allies realized that war
?as a fact, Germany threw all of her
orces into a sudden and tremendous
jfTort to overwholm one of her adversaries
so that, having nothing to fear
'rom one, she could turn undivided
ittention to tho other.
Then it was France that was to he
:rushed, and, aB an incident, an episode,
Belgium. Liege, Naraur, Loufain,
Hrussells, Antwerp, all fell, the
mpetus of tho German attack carryng
them on to Mons, Charleroi, and
nto the heart of France almost to tho
tates of Paris. Then came the battle
)f the Marne. Von Kiuck was deeated,
almost captured, the Germans
vere thrown hack across the AiBne,
md "ie German plan completely frusr
yet that plan and its suecesBul
Cuimination is absolutely necessary
to the ultimate success of Gernan
arms. No military force, no
imount of preparation, no military / ""
system can win against such a eoallion
as confronts Germany as long as
ill the units have efTeetive fighting
irmles. At least one of the armies
>pposing Germany must lie destroyed,
endered completely hors de combat,
>efore the star of German victory can
ippear on the horizon.
Territory raptured or recovered
>rings advantages, increases supplies,
leightens morale, but armies, not territory,
must always remain the obective.
This fact has been emphasiz!d
in tlieso articles several timos, and
n view of the operations in the east
luring the past week merits repeti- "
ion. Its realization by the German
general staff is evidence 1 by the presmt
movement against Warsaw.
The German army in the west is
leadlockcd. It absolutely can not go
orward. At Ypres, in the Argonne,
n the VosgeB, it has been hurled
igainst the intrenehraents of the Alles
practically without effect. It has
nade gains, it is true; has gone
ihead a few hundred yards until the
Vllies' reserves have been thrown in,
hen has come the sudden and posiive
check. Jfe- if
Unable tr. nrfvonpo In ?).? ? *1
mu.miivo ill mo WCOI, VUW M
>lan to eliminate) Frahce from the I
onflict completely overturned, Qer- /
nany has turned to Russia, in an ef- / i
ort to do to Russia what sho failed A
o do against France. This latest ef- \ fl
ort is on a much more extensive vfl
cale than that of a year ago against
Vance; it is the most tremendous
nilitary effort the world has ever
een.
Rut its success or failure will be
neasured, from a military viewpoint,
lot by whether Warsaw is or is not
aptured, but by whether the Rusian
army does or does not escape the .
aws of the German crusher. I jf I
In connection with the present 1/1
ampaign for Warsaw it might not I / I
ie amiss to look at the reasons why 1 f fl
he previous attempts to capture the / fl
'olish capital failed and what steps V fl
he Germans have taken to avoid a ^
epetition of their former defeats.
The tirst attempt was made last M
)ctober, and when the German ofense
was at its height the Germans jP
vere nearer Warsaw than they havo (.
?een at any time since the war be;an.
In that operation the center of
he German attack was along the
'istula, while their left flank did not
ixtend much further north than Osrolinka.
The Russians, assembling
dl available reserves, completely
urned the German left and in a few
lays forced the Germans to retreat?
. movement that carried them back
o their own frontier. ^
The second attempt at Warsaw
van made later and defeated by evict
ly the same strategy. At the cruial
moment the Russian reserves
vere rushed pust the German flank AAjl
ind, by an attack on the communica- ^Hfl
ions, forced a retreat.
Such a defense has been made irn* flfl
tossihle by the operations of the (Jer- ^fl
nans t>etween the lever Niemen and
iVarsaw, and lietwecn the Niemen fl
ind the Gulf of Riga. From Wlndau 4H
o Bessarabia, a distanco of about a j'
housand miles, the Herman lino ta a \
ontinuous chain. \
A flanking operation In therefor?
iii|M>ssihle, unless this eliain 1* broken
at. sonio point on a front sufflclenty
wide to permit the pouring A
hrough of a considerable body of
roops?a most unlikely occurrences^*--"
llut to recur to the present Qef-^
n.\n movements and the German plan
ls reflected by the operations of the
>ast week: It will be recalled that liter
the (oilIda fighting and the
tussian retirement to the line of the
Motn Idpa Itlver, a distinct lull on. ,x
urred in the fighting in the southeast
Itetween Hadoin and Bessarabia.
This was apparently caused by two
actors?one, von llindenberg, who
vas due west of Warsaw and oppoilte
the Russian centre, was not ready
,o go forward, and Mackensen was
vailing to co-operate with him; and,
lecond, the Russian resistance had
itiffened to such an extent, their fa- *
ility for reinforcing their line was so fi
fppnt that lint littln hooil wntr A/\n1fl -El
le registered until a general attack
nade the shifting of troops from one
joint on the line to the other impossible.
Moreover, the Russians were
:urely anchored along the Dniester,
(Continued on last page.')
Note Receives Comment,
Tht^general tone of the English
press 14 to praise the stand of the
toio h?flyn Oflrmany, but the eom~ H
ment lr^Bfctuany Is somewhat nn-^H
'avorab^^^fc^^^^_ _ _