The palmetto leader. (Columbia, S.C.) 1925-196?, March 19, 1955, Page Page Four, Image 4
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Cfrt fjfllmrtto Trnhrr 1
PUBLISHED WEEKLY I
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' . L PHONE 4-949S
Saturday, March 19, 1955
FARM NEWS
MARCH FARM CALENDAR
To get ready for a better year
in farming, County Agent's make
these better farming suggestion:
Agronomy
1. Plan to plant Starr or pearl
millet for grazing just as soon as
it is practical to do so. 2. Plant
a nursery patch of Coastal Bcrmu
da this spring. Be sure to use Certified,
Registered, or Foundation
' Bprigs. 3. Follow the 5-point corn
program for higher yields. 4.
save, and use farm manures. Turn
/ under covers crops early. 5. Plant
enough certified seed to produce
next year's planting seed for the
entire crop. 6. Make last topdressing
on small grains before end of
-March. 7 If not already sown, sow
annual lespedeza early in March.
8. Plan to fertilize crops and pas
tures liberally this year. 9. Follow
recommended practices for
more cotton per acre.
Horticulture I
1. Set out fruit trees for home*
orchards if not already set.
~ 2. Plant raspberries, blackberries,
and strawberries early this month.
, 3. Plant hardy vegetables cabbage,
turnips, mustard, spinach,
Kale, lettuce. 4. Make plans for
vegetables for home use throughout
the year. The vegetable garden
was never more important than
now for healthy and economy.
Insects and Diseases
1. Tobacco growers vegetable
growers, and gardeners: Ask
county agents for Extension Circuv
lar 382, Control of Root Knot and
Other Nematodes. 2. For rat con
trol, keep warfarin bait available
at all times. 3. Become weed-control
conscious. 4. Make use of
* ' wllt-and other disease-resistant va
rieties. (B Check colonies Tor
tc, food, and feed if necessary. 7.
Place orders for queens for requeening.
8. Clean and rcpai
K ...
V
1 v 7 [ **e
'4? Dean CordofB Raici"ck]|
for ANP
... The story goes, that a certain
hunter went forth at earl?~rflorn !
to hunt game for5 his table. H e
loaded his gun with rabbit stiot,
hoping to take a rabbit for dinner. ~
No sooner than he had,struck the
hunting ground than a moose came |
charging along within easy range
of the hunter. But a rabbit load
could not take a moose, and 'the
moose escaped, and along with him
a. heaping supply of venison, which
would have gone a long way toward
filling the hunter's larjder.
But he was loaded fdr rabbits.
Just why rabbits came into his
mind, when he set out to hunt has
never been determined. H e perhaps
had thought most about rabbits,
and very little about moose:
rabbits, seemingly forgetting the
advantage of one moose over many
rabbits. In other worda his aim was
too low. ' (
"Not failure but low aim~iy:CTi-'
me," says one -of-the cardinal pre--cepts
of common sense. The
above reflection'was inspir'
ed by an actress recently telivered
I by the National Urban Leagul's
Director of Industrial Relations,
Julius A. Thomas whose address \
hbefore-the annual dinner of t h f
a highlight and a blessing. The
burden of Thomas' address was
that Negroes are too prone to
j look too much to the poorer econo
mic opportunities and to dook too
"scarely at the muie icumncrative
ones.
There is so much to warrant
the conclusion that the sky should
be tip. limit of the Negro's aspiration.
Hewing wood and drawing
water are honorable occupations,
just as important as the nobler occupational
pursuits, but they d o
not pay as well. And what an occuoccupation
pays these days is important.
Men seek the higher levels
of economic opportunity not
because they are more remunerative
and remuneration is important
item in any man's books.
Thomas pointed out in dramatic
fashion how ther were numbers of
finer opportunities offering themselves
for fewer no Negro takers.
In o^her words, undreamed of opportunities
for Negroes are going
by default, because Negroes arc .
too prone to load for rabbit opportunities.
This pattern must be tran
scended if Negroes are to improve
their economc status in this bitterly
competitve age...Thomas' addr
ess was a bristling challenge t o
the young Negro student.
ClaudeBarnett of the Associated
Negro Press sends clippings which
indicate that although many Negroes
are offiering for the Air Service,
very few go in for pilot traning.
Negroes, it seems, are quite
willing to enlist for "air service
i on the ground," hut have a little
interest in actual flying, with its
j glamor and its glory and its asvantages.
Negroes here, as in industry
are loading for rabbits,
when the military woods are full
of moose. It must not be thought
I that Negroes are afraid to fly; for
those Negroes that have flown
have distinguished themselves and
ther race, but in far too many instances,
Negroes seem indifferent
^o the opportunities that go with
air piloting.
There fell into my hands recently
an address delivered by tha eminent
Dr. Charles Johnson, president
of Fisk university, at the opening
convocation, in 1953, and his
message was closely akin to that
of Julius Thomas and ""the note
rnajje" by Claude Barnett. Dr. John
?nn r?nint??H nut in hia inimitnhl*
equipment.
Agricultural Engineering
1. Check aver all farm machinery
for needed repairs, and purchase
or order parts now. 2. put
planters and fertilizer distributors
in shape right away. 3.. Plow terraces
before planting to give them
extra width and height. 4% Investigate
the possibilities of irrigating
the vegetable garden or truck
ir crop.
Fai'ikis ^ Folks 2
?
d
m
1
b
By J. M. Eleazcr, Clemson Extcn- 1
sion Inforwiation Specialist
F
A WARNING I
' - ' - -- j 0
That fine new watermelon I've h
been telling you about for tc past ^
few years is bct7g~ released this P
year for the first time. You recall I11
t was named here at Clemson's: a
Farm and Home Week last* August, J s
the Charleston Gray, by Mis? Uni- 0
verse,'- who -was none other than s
pur own 4-11 Club girl, Miriam P
Stevenson, from Fairfield county- ^
During the several years it has s
been tested over the, state, some 1
seed of different strains of it have s
gotton out. Many seed hayS been s
produced from these that are unreliable
for two reasons. First Mr. 0
Andrus was just testing out' the I1
shipping quality of several strains ^
of this new melon he was working '
on by furnishing enough seed t o P
county agents so a few farmers 11
could grow out and ship car-lots 0
of them. Most of these were plant v
ed near other melons arid were mix 11
ed up, which didn't hurt the pur- v
pose for which they were grdwh.
And in some cases even citron vin- 0
es weTe~~noted iir-and near- these- -S
natches of melons, they too did *
not hurt that crop for shiping or
eating. But those citrbhS can play *
the ""mischief with the next crop
grown from such seed.,
I'm told a lot of such unreliable
seed were produced last- summer. t r
Unless you get yours from a per- '
fectly reliable source this year,
yuu aie liable to he badly dissap.?poined
^wtth?what ,vuu liinK.?are ^
Charleston Grays when you plant c
em.
There is a fair supply of the real *
thing,"grown in complete isola- 1
tion from pure stock furnished the (
Associated Seed Gruweis by?the 1
USDA Vegetable Laboratory at '
Charleston. And, if you plan to
plant any of this most promising *
new watermelon this year, you 1
will do well to first m^ke sure of 1
the purity of your seed. The uncer '
tain seed will be on the market in 1
abundance, I'm fold. And the pure
ones will not likely meet the demand.
(
SWEET POTATOES
Is the sweet potato a vanishing
crop ? ~
, We made less of 'em last year
than before the War Between the
States. And the production is still '
headed downward.'
Being a high labor crop and the '
difficulty of putting good ones on
the market are the two apparent <
caues for its decline. But in recent
years, Clemson has been doing j
something about both of those" ~j
things.
Work on the full mechanization
of the sweet potato has progressed
far at the Edisto Station. Now <
they are successfully set and water :
ed by machines. And the labor of
harvesting has been lessened* 4)y '
a plow that lays at least 90 per- /'
cent of the potatoes out on the fur
row where you can see them when i
you plow them up. They still have
to be picked up and graded largely
by hand, of course. ? <
Then on the quality side, some 1
-years?ago tho -Extension Service J
brought two car-loads of the best (
Louisiana seed stock in and county
agents placed them with growers
n most counties of the state. These
were produced there by and old.l
South Carolina boy I was-in school '
way, the fields that arc beckoning
for capable men, irrespective of
their-race, if th&y can only fill thebll.
He laid upon that fine Fisk
student body the burden of a great
challange, that has come in h 1 s
new clay.
Coming as it did from the president
of the college, I)r. Johnson's
address seemed suhly timely; for
in the last analysis, if Negroes are
to respond to the great opportunities
now becoming more and more
prevalent, they must somehow he
turned into those more furtilc fields
by their teachers. The burden
of awakening the younger generation
to their finer economic opportunites
is on the presidents and
principals and teachers o f o u r
schoot. Whether the current^generations
of Negro students in our
seboob* -wUt lea4 for rabbits-of-,
mooso is largely in the hands ,_of
their teachers. TVToose versus rabbits!
a
\WB9 PAXJffl
f Lexington, now the emminent
lant breeder of Louisiana State
'niversity. In lpte years the A&P
ponsored 4-H Sweet Potato Pro'ith
at Clemson, Dr. Julian Miller
uction and Marketing contest has
one a lot to improve potato prouction
in the state. I went with
he 11 winners o the New York
narket in January. The A&P Tea
Company District Manager said
hat car of sweet potatoes they
ought from these boyssthen was
he best one they had ever handled.
We saw those potatoes 'selling
n the Supermarkets of New York
,t 2 pounds for 27 cent. They had
iaid 18 cent for 2 pounds here by
he car. So that surely was not a
ig niarket-up for transportation,
landling, retail costs and all. But,
oiks, I want to tell you that this
uts the sweet potato in the luxges
most of.their produce and we i
qiv tVioun nntotnPQ nnf nn in 9
elophane bags up there. And in
gme of them there were but two
otatoes, just good number ones.
inH then 'iomo ^ags had 3 tn \
mailer . potatoes. But right By
hem you could get a pretty good
ize bag of Irish potatoes for that
anre 27 cent.
It sure looks like there is room
n the market for more good sweet
otatoes than are being produced.
rou will notice I said GOOD poatoes.
We already have too many
oor ones. And rough handling can
lake poor ones out of the "best
nes. "Handle them a though they
yere eggs," is the advice of our
nan Hugh Bowers, who knows
that he is talking about.
Now is the time to bed potatoes
ut. Your county agent can tell
ou about the first steps, like
renting the seed and soil, spacing
ertilization, selecting the land,
"
JOYS ARE THAT WAY
Memory, vivid memory, carries
ne back to the late June day my
uother, colored" playmate, and I
ook the wagon one Saturday and
vent to Chapin . for some syrup,
hir homo-made sorghum had run
>ut 3ome time before.
Syrup then was a treacherous
hing the next-'summer, when the
weather warmed up. For some reas
>n it would often start "working,"
:hat is. foaming up. And if you ag
gitated it any, you made it worse.
The two hens and few eggs we
took bought the salt and pepper
ive needed and left enough for 3
gallons of syrup that the merchant
drew out of a barrel and poured
into oui^5 gallon jug.
By the time we got to cousin
Willie Haltiwanger's on the way
home the joggling wagon had caus
cd that syrup to start "working"
and pushed the wad of paper out
that we had used as a stopper. We
kids were very hungry for something
sweet, as our syrtrp had beer
out several weeks. So we got around
that jug and started licking
the amber foam as it cascaded
rMvn fHo r>f t hn liirr Rnf cnnr
we had enough. We didn't want tc
sec it waste. So we stopped by a
colored man's house, and poured
him out. about a gallon of foam
and syrup, for which he was very
grateful.
But by the time we got down to
the Risters, it was running over
again. There we got a corn cob and
rlrovc it down in that jug. We felt
secure then on the way homo, except
for the yellow jackets and
btes that were swarming all over
the wagon there for the spilled
syrup.. But we made it without
any stings.
Now this is not the end of this
story, not by a jug full. But 1
don't have any more room. Will
be back next week for one of the
funniest things tliat. cvcr Aappcncd
to us. . - ~ <
LEEVY'S FUI
Undertaking and Embalmini
LADY ASSISTANT
AMBULANCES
ANYTIME ANYWHERE
Superior Equipment
Superior Service
?SLOGAN?
LOWER PRICE
No DesorTing Poor Refused
1831 TAYLOR ST. 0
_ -y* .
ummmmrnrn i
-1
ETTO UKXJim
In This Our Day
I . iit i
** ' v"
m % l|||f:;:.:'_ ;^B
'^:mm- flBK|Bl .': ':": $??
Ky C. A. Chick, Sr.
Encouraging Signs
Anyone who ds given , a casual
I student of current affairs,' must
have observed the increasing number
of "joint meetings" of Negro
and white ministers- throughout
the South. In some instances the
traditional Negro Ministerial Alliance
have been comnletely abandoned
In stead of the two foreodned.
In stead of the two foregoing
Alliances some places *now.
have only one - namely, the Ministers
Alliance, or some similar
.name. In other places they still
maintain separate Negro and
White. Ministerial Alliance, but the
two have joint meetings more and
inure .jiviiueimy. i, ior one, ieei
ging for the entire community of
the South.
The Negro and white ministers,
and especially the white ministers,
realize the technical, and often emharassing
situation in whicn they
are-placed. Certainly they have a
divine calling. However, they are
placed in a practical and human
- world in which to excutc their divine
calling. They must lace practical
and human situations - must
deal with human beings. -
It is, thus, my considered opinion
that we- do ministers a great
injustice, and again, especially the
~ white ministei-s alien we conotunt
1 ly noint out* the fact that we have
' seperate churches'fot* white and No
1 gro peoples The foregoing is es;
pecially "unfair when we put the
1 blames on the ministers for the
situation. Ministers do not own
i churches as their private property.
They are servants of the churches
i they serve. Certainly they are re1
garded as the leaders in the church
PS thnv cprvn ffc o..
.? . . . ??.-> uinnnlM!
tions pertaining To.church wojk.
But they are not dictators. They
i are advisors, and especially the
pastor of a church.
: In some denominations! the Bap
I tists, for examplie) the policies of
i the individual churches are dele
'mined by a majority vote of t
i mfcmbers. On the other hand,
1 .some denominations the policies 01
i the churches are determined largely
by regional and or national
- conferences?and conventions.?In
either of the above eases, the most
' important thing the pastor can dc
I is to preach the unadulterated
gospel of Jesus Christ. All he car
do is to jrlant the seed and wait
I for it to grow up and hear fruit
' The pastor is not a policeman nor
I a sheriff. He, cannot force ehurcl
I members to do anything.
Lets cease blaming ministers and
pastors for the short comings of
our churches. Lets place the blame
where it justly belongs, namely, or
the shoulders of all -those profess
ing he Christians.
d * " k
JERAL HOME
1
L Si T^ery, Mfr.
s *
TJLJMBIA PHONE 3-7036
. "BROW!
THE STORY OF THE N
4 I
Skilled Negro workers li
cialists in the curing and pre
factory operated ' by P. Loril
reveal these facts in "Brown
tobacco industry,
t -r :
CHAL'TER V - CREATIVE
CRAFTSMEN
j A craftsman, according to WebJ
stor, is one who "applies skill patience,
and jartistie?inclination to
his trade." You have to be a crafts
man in every sense of the word to
work in the complex processes of
tnhurro mnniifnrtnro for no hvo to.
bacco crops are alike, yet every
Old (Jold cigarette must be so precisely
like every other as to defy
, detection.?And?patience! skill and
artistry are the contributions that
Negro workers have brought to the
tobacco industry for eight generations.
It's interesting To" note that the
. earliest known illustration of tobacco
manufacturing1 in the culunies,
dated 1G15, showed unsupervised
Negro workers handling
every operation of a Jamestown,
Va. tobacco yard Negro worker*
were employed at America's first
tobacco 'plant ? the New * York
plant where Pierre Lorillard began
manufacturing snuff in 17G0.
Down through the years, from gen
eration to generation,* Negroes
have learned and passed along the
| oetieate ? sK-tHs ol grading the
bright leaf, aging it to just the
right stage of mildness, and blend
ing it to perfection. Today, Negroes
are the core of the tobacco
'ndustry's skilled labor force. Some
1 Negroes are employed in to?
' '. . ies throughout the nadeh
31,000 are Working
. in . South.I
And today more than one third
the employees of P. I.oriilard are
r "Negroes skilled specialists in a dozen
or more phases of tobacco man
1 ufaeture. In terms of their propor'
tion in the population, Negroes
1 truly have a full share in the man
' ufaeture of top quality cigarettes
like Old Cold and Micronite filtertip
Ken's; Muriel cigars, Briggs
' tobacco, and the many other famous
P. I.orillard products. All thesa
| employees have the benefit of onthe-job
trainini; programs unsurpassed
in the industry t departmen1
tal seniority; the right to bargair
with management through unions
?"Quite a few. conse<|uently, Tuivi
I risen from the laboring ranks t<
skilled and supervisory positions
While it' is quite impossible t<
describe the- entire tobacco man
I ufacturing process here, these an
a few of the exacting jobs perfor
mod by Negroes at P. Corillan
Company throughout the nation,
(nloariing, Preliminary Processing
| Ageing)
I | When the nation's finest to
ij bacco arrives in huge hogshead
I at the Old Gold Branch at Jerse;
City, N. J., Negro and white work
ers Unload them and send the hun
cylinders of tobacco on their wa;
. to be broken up and placed on coi
Vveyors. Then conies the careful as
sembly-line blendof many ty
pes of tobaccos a skilled, syste
matic process, for all Old Gold
; must havef^nifonn richness an
* | fla\'or. All moisture is ne\t rc
I moved by a steam-heated machine
I I where Negro and white worker
J keep careful check on temper;
itures of more than 200-degree:
and a carefully controlled amour
of moisture is then .re-added, A
white leaders repack the bundle
in hogsheads for ageing. Speci,
inspectors^ both Negro and whit
1 SKIN AND BRK
EGRO'S ROLE IN THE TUJ
J ! * -a-n,
nwnpiii
ke Bennie Hawthorne-of Ri<
icessing of tobacco were emph
Hard Company in 1760. The 1
Skin and Bright Leaf".the s
constantly sample and check these
hogsheads for uniform moisture^
that is repeated at many later
I stages in cigarette manufacture.
| (Final Processing. Flavoring)
Elsewhere in the same building
the center ribs are being removed
! from tobacco leares by u process
known as "green-stcniing," for
only certain tobaccos age ho.-t
I when .the large rib is left intact.
At 1*. 'I.orillard's Muriel Cigar
[ilanl?in I.''.rhmoril. Va.. w'nerr
, "green-stemming" is also .an important
operation, you'll most
J likely find a Xegro. wonjan perfor
! ming this precise task with a !~po
cial machine. She is a careful, con?
seientious worker, for?tf stem re.
moval i>? not neat mid i-omplefo,
' the resultant tobacco will be loose
and coarse. Her work is thoroughly
, inspeclecf. as is the operation of
' rnur vumpiicavea, uencaie macnine,
'Tftany times daily, In I.orillard cigarette
factories,, "prrcen-steemcd"
tobacco, too, must lie dried, cooled.
! re-moistened and aged before the
I next stnite of manufacture.
And .a. particular hogshead may
rest in storage, ageing gradually
like fine wine, lor several years.
Kvery type of aged tobacco making
up the final lnefcd is next
put separately through steam-vacum
ordering chambers to lie softened.
As many as four or five difI
ferent states may be represented
as sourees-of each "tyflo*' i bright!
( llurley. Maryland. Tiirl.i-hi; t'nu-n
tn Old Oold with I.lend exaetly
likeThal of every other Old (i<>I*i
mav cbntrfin- the prodfltTs of as
d : ? -
many as seventeen slates Once
the final blend fx made', Negro
workers operating cutting mavUi
ines cut the tobacco to the exact
i size for fino, cool burning, and others
add firepixc amounts of flaVoi
for added aroma and lio'Kpa-t. Tre-i
; another Worker fluff the tohaeei
into a light silken texture on a sue
cial/ioachine, and it is ready t<
I nrocee?l to the Miikinn- l?....n,.?
Intent, where cigarettes take form
."p[Making). ;
l Iii the rooms housing the cigar
ette-makir.g machines tcmpmatiim
r ami 'humidity are constantly chei -1*
) e<l by skilled workers, who may o
. may not he Negroes. Anothe
> worker darts in and out, tcstin;
- tohaeeo samples to he sent to th
laboratory for a double check. A
- the cigarette making machine it
1 self are two workers working as
team -- perhaps a white man and
, Negro girl, or voice versa; th
man; an operator who eonstantl
- cheeks the delicate halunec. if .th
s machine's^ gears' and levers:*>th
y girl, the. "catcher" who receive
- the finished cigarettes. She can
e fully watches the maclt>m? scoo
y up the familiar finished product
n as fast as the machine feeds t<
hacco, folds paper around it in
- cylender, prints "Old Gold" at
- ineli intervals, and cuts the eoi
sinnuous cylinder .into individu;
d | ciirare'tto*,.?
i- (Packing. Shipjng, Inspection)
i, Elsewhere in the factory \vhi
s and colored workers have receive
i- unpacked, inspected and measure
s, P. I-orillard's shipments of fit
it V white cigarette paper, eellophan
tt and metal foil. In the,.Packing 1)
i(T| paiLTTenf a r.l.illnd Xei'i'n work
?s stands at a Kiarvelous maehii
al that receiver edgaretes at one cm
c, foil, paper and Federal reven
Saturday. March* 19, 1985
IHT LEAF'
lACCO INDlJilTIlY
hmrnd, Va.. who became spewed
in America's, first tobacco
nakees of Old Gold cigarettes
toi%-ol the Negro's role in the
I - ' "
stamps ft the other; and comi
l>hio.- them into a familiar whole?
I tin- OH (?old nack. 1
Other-workers at the machines
j test the packages, seal them, pack -v
i them 10 to, a carton, and put .the
1 cartons inrt eflsCS of 50 for Ship-""
; merit all over the world. . ' . j .
J At-every* tagc of this stupendous- ?
1 production line inspection must be
made: chocks and rechecks "must
, he ordered' for the sake of quality
. eontrol-'and uniformity. Negro and ?
hile winkei's alilo*"perform ail of these
inspecting functions' in addition
to the dittos listed above.
Workers of all races and nationI
alities at P. I.orillard plants are
I proud of their fine products and of
their share in bringing thcm~to
j \he' puhlie. Take a particular pack
' in- M)"ci;in.-i for example who"!.-'. ~
a plet.satlt brown-skinned man
whoe face does liot reveal his
j-years, he'll tell you that he's been
i' .. ill, i> l ....111 i r.... * ... ?
J ????..! i . KV/I IKUIU IWI UVUIIl)* SCVVil*
| years that he's proud to be as-,
! soeiateil with a-company of Lorillard'*
reputation that he's had
five hupouant promotions, from
laborer to* oiler to machine adjusi*M
to. mechanic to packing special- i-t.
<>.vc_ of the Old Gold planf's
most !( -)?(rtcl employees, he's one
of those rare workers found only
! itt the most fair-minded companies
-- a strong union man who's also _L_^.
; a firm supporter of management.
You'll listen to him and you'll
cinue away convinced that he's typical
of the satisfied, optimistic
. worker.- who are the Negro memI
i;r-r*?rtf i-r-e oldest tobacco family
-n Amri icu
H WNAll A. M. K. ( Ifl'KCH
Kev. .1. N. faugh man?I'astor
N< wherry ? I lie Sunday School
i -- Udl .'.live iii every respect with
nil wit h interest.
I he service beyttn at the
>':i! 11 >?ir with Hymn No. ITi.
prayer wji> offered by Jtro. 1,. IT.
.McN.'uy. Sweet inusic was sunt? l>y
il?e .Se nior choir. Second Hynjn No.
After which tlie "Scripture
text was read hy the pastor from
'he i!2 chapter of St. Luke, 2l> veres.
Tia n st summary of the Decalogue,
^iiurird;- hymn No. 209, Mis
sionsiiy offei jnjr. A short prayer
hv the pastor. Sweet music by the
t choir.
At this time, the pastor canto .
,i .forward with Clod's message. Ho f
a spoke fiom 22 chapter of fit, Luke f
c and the 1 f? verse. These words were J
y used. ith desire I have desired 1
e] I'.' eat JLis Supper (passover) with /
e j yop hi lore ] suffer." After this f
s i ureal iv.essane. the' pastor offered^
.. | a short prayer. Very sweet musid|
]) It'll liy (he clwir.. An invitation t<lj
,i joiners wore extended. Hymn Noi
)- J HI was used. Collection for tho
a P"or. Music, Communion, moro
p, than IK persons took Communion,
i-J W hile the choir rendered sweet
nl music more than $45.00 was col"7
lectei!.
J. (jSingleton, Rpt.
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