The palmetto leader. (Columbia, S.C.) 1925-196?, March 19, 1955, Page Page Four, Image 4

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- v 7 fNt? 9mm v~ Cfrt fjfllmrtto Trnhrr 1 PUBLISHED WEEKLY I * # Si* 1910 Atiilily Street Colambia 20. S. C. J Entered at the Poet Office at Colombia, S. C, as second class matter by an Act of Congress. "* SUBSCRIPTION? >ne year....?...... SvOO Sue Months 2.00 Single Copy ...?.. ? .10 NOTICE TO ALL~SUBSCRIBERS Date of expiration of your rabscription is stamped on yonr ' address wrapper each week. This is for the purpose of giv Ins yon constant notice of the j date your subscription expires. I -? . Postal Refutations Required Payment in Advance of_ All Subscriptions. Your paper will bs HiamnttniisH ?ft?r ?nrp{rW. _ tion date. ? ' . -' 1 ,i NATIONAL ADVERTISING AGENCY-7~ INTERSTATE UNITED NEWSPAPER, INC. 545 Fifth Avenue New York (17), N. Y. The Leader will publish brief and rational letters on subjects of general interest, when they are accompanied br the names and addresses, of tne authors and are not of a defamatory nature. Anonymous communi ? cation will not be noticed. Re Jected manuscripts will not be returned. ~ GEO. H. HAMPTON, Publisher f. B. Dowssau, ?News Edttor REMITTANCE Checks, drafts and Postal or Ex i press Mosey Orders should be j made payable to the order of The Palmetto Leader. | The Palmetto Leader is not responsible for adrance payments to | carriers, dealers, or distributors until the .money is received at the office of publication. Advance payments for subscriptions ehould he made direct to The Palmetto Leader er through one of our duly authorized agents. Communications intended for the current issue must be very ? " brief and should reach the editorial desk not later than Tuesday of each week. .. ' . L PHONE 4-949S Saturday, March 19, 1955 FARM NEWS MARCH FARM CALENDAR To get ready for a better year in farming, County Agent's make these better farming suggestion: Agronomy 1. Plan to plant Starr or pearl millet for grazing just as soon as it is practical to do so. 2. Plant a nursery patch of Coastal Bcrmu da this spring. Be sure to use Certified, Registered, or Foundation ' Bprigs. 3. Follow the 5-point corn program for higher yields. 4. save, and use farm manures. Turn / under covers crops early. 5. Plant enough certified seed to produce next year's planting seed for the entire crop. 6. Make last topdressing on small grains before end of -March. 7 If not already sown, sow annual lespedeza early in March. 8. Plan to fertilize crops and pas tures liberally this year. 9. Follow recommended practices for more cotton per acre. Horticulture I 1. Set out fruit trees for home* orchards if not already set. ~ 2. Plant raspberries, blackberries, and strawberries early this month. , 3. Plant hardy vegetables cabbage, turnips, mustard, spinach, Kale, lettuce. 4. Make plans for vegetables for home use throughout the year. The vegetable garden was never more important than now for healthy and economy. Insects and Diseases 1. Tobacco growers vegetable growers, and gardeners: Ask county agents for Extension Circuv lar 382, Control of Root Knot and Other Nematodes. 2. For rat con trol, keep warfarin bait available at all times. 3. Become weed-control conscious. 4. Make use of * ' wllt-and other disease-resistant va rieties. (B Check colonies Tor tc, food, and feed if necessary. 7. Place orders for queens for requeening. 8. Clean and rcpai K ... V 1 v 7 [ **e '4? Dean CordofB Raici"ck]| for ANP ... The story goes, that a certain hunter went forth at earl?~rflorn ! to hunt game for5 his table. H e loaded his gun with rabbit stiot, hoping to take a rabbit for dinner. ~ No sooner than he had,struck the hunting ground than a moose came | charging along within easy range of the hunter. But a rabbit load could not take a moose, and 'the moose escaped, and along with him a. heaping supply of venison, which would have gone a long way toward filling the hunter's larjder. But he was loaded fdr rabbits. Just why rabbits came into his mind, when he set out to hunt has never been determined. H e perhaps had thought most about rabbits, and very little about moose: rabbits, seemingly forgetting the advantage of one moose over many rabbits. In other worda his aim was too low. ' ( "Not failure but low aim~iy:CTi-' me," says one -of-the cardinal pre--cepts of common sense. The above reflection'was inspir' ed by an actress recently telivered I by the National Urban Leagul's Director of Industrial Relations, Julius A. Thomas whose address \ hbefore-the annual dinner of t h f a highlight and a blessing. The burden of Thomas' address was that Negroes are too prone to j look too much to the poorer econo mic opportunities and to dook too "scarely at the muie icumncrative ones. There is so much to warrant the conclusion that the sky should be tip. limit of the Negro's aspiration. Hewing wood and drawing water are honorable occupations, just as important as the nobler occupational pursuits, but they d o not pay as well. And what an occuoccupation pays these days is important. Men seek the higher levels of economic opportunity not because they are more remunerative and remuneration is important item in any man's books. Thomas pointed out in dramatic fashion how ther were numbers of finer opportunities offering themselves for fewer no Negro takers. In o^her words, undreamed of opportunities for Negroes are going by default, because Negroes arc . too prone to load for rabbit opportunities. This pattern must be tran scended if Negroes are to improve their economc status in this bitterly competitve age...Thomas' addr ess was a bristling challenge t o the young Negro student. ClaudeBarnett of the Associated Negro Press sends clippings which indicate that although many Negroes are offiering for the Air Service, very few go in for pilot traning. Negroes, it seems, are quite willing to enlist for "air service i on the ground," hut have a little interest in actual flying, with its j glamor and its glory and its asvantages. Negroes here, as in industry are loading for rabbits, when the military woods are full of moose. It must not be thought I that Negroes are afraid to fly; for those Negroes that have flown have distinguished themselves and ther race, but in far too many instances, Negroes seem indifferent ^o the opportunities that go with air piloting. There fell into my hands recently an address delivered by tha eminent Dr. Charles Johnson, president of Fisk university, at the opening convocation, in 1953, and his message was closely akin to that of Julius Thomas and ""the note rnajje" by Claude Barnett. Dr. John ?nn r?nint??H nut in hia inimitnhl* equipment. Agricultural Engineering 1. Check aver all farm machinery for needed repairs, and purchase or order parts now. 2. put planters and fertilizer distributors in shape right away. 3.. Plow terraces before planting to give them extra width and height. 4% Investigate the possibilities of irrigating the vegetable garden or truck ir crop. Fai'ikis ^ Folks 2 ? d m 1 b By J. M. Eleazcr, Clemson Extcn- 1 sion Inforwiation Specialist F A WARNING I ' - ' - -- j 0 That fine new watermelon I've h been telling you about for tc past ^ few years is bct7g~ released this P year for the first time. You recall I11 t was named here at Clemson's: a Farm and Home Week last* August, J s the Charleston Gray, by Mis? Uni- 0 verse,'- who -was none other than s pur own 4-11 Club girl, Miriam P Stevenson, from Fairfield county- ^ During the several years it has s been tested over the, state, some 1 seed of different strains of it have s gotton out. Many seed hayS been s produced from these that are unreliable for two reasons. First Mr. 0 Andrus was just testing out' the I1 shipping quality of several strains ^ of this new melon he was working ' on by furnishing enough seed t o P county agents so a few farmers 11 could grow out and ship car-lots 0 of them. Most of these were plant v ed near other melons arid were mix 11 ed up, which didn't hurt the pur- v pose for which they were grdwh. And in some cases even citron vin- 0 es weTe~~noted iir-and near- these- -S natches of melons, they too did * not hurt that crop for shiping or eating. But those citrbhS can play * the ""mischief with the next crop grown from such seed., I'm told a lot of such unreliable seed were produced last- summer. t r Unless you get yours from a per- ' fectly reliable source this year, yuu aie liable to he badly dissap.?poined ^wtth?what ,vuu liinK.?are ^ Charleston Grays when you plant c em. There is a fair supply of the real * thing,"grown in complete isola- 1 tion from pure stock furnished the ( Associated Seed Gruweis by?the 1 USDA Vegetable Laboratory at ' Charleston. And, if you plan to plant any of this most promising * new watermelon this year, you 1 will do well to first m^ke sure of 1 the purity of your seed. The uncer ' tain seed will be on the market in 1 abundance, I'm fold. And the pure ones will not likely meet the demand. ( SWEET POTATOES Is the sweet potato a vanishing crop ? ~ , We made less of 'em last year than before the War Between the States. And the production is still ' headed downward.' Being a high labor crop and the ' difficulty of putting good ones on the market are the two apparent < caues for its decline. But in recent years, Clemson has been doing j something about both of those" ~j things. Work on the full mechanization of the sweet potato has progressed far at the Edisto Station. Now < they are successfully set and water : ed by machines. And the labor of harvesting has been lessened* 4)y ' a plow that lays at least 90 per- /' cent of the potatoes out on the fur row where you can see them when i you plow them up. They still have to be picked up and graded largely by hand, of course. ? < Then on the quality side, some 1 -years?ago tho -Extension Service J brought two car-loads of the best ( Louisiana seed stock in and county agents placed them with growers n most counties of the state. These were produced there by and old.l South Carolina boy I was-in school ' way, the fields that arc beckoning for capable men, irrespective of their-race, if th&y can only fill thebll. He laid upon that fine Fisk student body the burden of a great challange, that has come in h 1 s new clay. Coming as it did from the president of the college, I)r. Johnson's address seemed suhly timely; for in the last analysis, if Negroes are to respond to the great opportunities now becoming more and more prevalent, they must somehow he turned into those more furtilc fields by their teachers. The burden of awakening the younger generation to their finer economic opportunites is on the presidents and principals and teachers o f o u r schoot. Whether the current^generations of Negro students in our seboob* -wUt lea4 for rabbits-of-, mooso is largely in the hands ,_of their teachers. TVToose versus rabbits! a \WB9 PAXJffl f Lexington, now the emminent lant breeder of Louisiana State 'niversity. In lpte years the A&P ponsored 4-H Sweet Potato Pro'ith at Clemson, Dr. Julian Miller uction and Marketing contest has one a lot to improve potato prouction in the state. I went with he 11 winners o the New York narket in January. The A&P Tea Company District Manager said hat car of sweet potatoes they ought from these boyssthen was he best one they had ever handled. We saw those potatoes 'selling n the Supermarkets of New York ,t 2 pounds for 27 cent. They had iaid 18 cent for 2 pounds here by he car. So that surely was not a ig niarket-up for transportation, landling, retail costs and all. But, oiks, I want to tell you that this uts the sweet potato in the luxges most of.their produce and we i qiv tVioun nntotnPQ nnf nn in 9 elophane bags up there. And in gme of them there were but two otatoes, just good number ones. inH then 'iomo ^ags had 3 tn \ mailer . potatoes. But right By hem you could get a pretty good ize bag of Irish potatoes for that anre 27 cent. It sure looks like there is room n the market for more good sweet otatoes than are being produced. rou will notice I said GOOD poatoes. We already have too many oor ones. And rough handling can lake poor ones out of the "best nes. "Handle them a though they yere eggs," is the advice of our nan Hugh Bowers, who knows that he is talking about. Now is the time to bed potatoes ut. Your county agent can tell ou about the first steps, like renting the seed and soil, spacing ertilization, selecting the land, " JOYS ARE THAT WAY Memory, vivid memory, carries ne back to the late June day my uother, colored" playmate, and I ook the wagon one Saturday and vent to Chapin . for some syrup, hir homo-made sorghum had run >ut 3ome time before. Syrup then was a treacherous hing the next-'summer, when the weather warmed up. For some reas >n it would often start "working," :hat is. foaming up. And if you ag gitated it any, you made it worse. The two hens and few eggs we took bought the salt and pepper ive needed and left enough for 3 gallons of syrup that the merchant drew out of a barrel and poured into oui^5 gallon jug. By the time we got to cousin Willie Haltiwanger's on the way home the joggling wagon had caus cd that syrup to start "working" and pushed the wad of paper out that we had used as a stopper. We kids were very hungry for something sweet, as our syrtrp had beer out several weeks. So we got around that jug and started licking the amber foam as it cascaded rMvn fHo r>f t hn liirr Rnf cnnr we had enough. We didn't want tc sec it waste. So we stopped by a colored man's house, and poured him out. about a gallon of foam and syrup, for which he was very grateful. But by the time we got down to the Risters, it was running over again. There we got a corn cob and rlrovc it down in that jug. We felt secure then on the way homo, except for the yellow jackets and btes that were swarming all over the wagon there for the spilled syrup.. But we made it without any stings. Now this is not the end of this story, not by a jug full. But 1 don't have any more room. Will be back next week for one of the funniest things tliat. cvcr Aappcncd to us. . - ~ < LEEVY'S FUI Undertaking and Embalmini LADY ASSISTANT AMBULANCES ANYTIME ANYWHERE Superior Equipment Superior Service ?SLOGAN? LOWER PRICE No DesorTing Poor Refused 1831 TAYLOR ST. 0 _ -y* . ummmmrnrn i -1 ETTO UKXJim In This Our Day I . iit i ** ' v" m % l|||f:;:.:'_ ;^B '^:mm- flBK|Bl .': ':": $?? Ky C. A. Chick, Sr. Encouraging Signs Anyone who ds given , a casual I student of current affairs,' must have observed the increasing number of "joint meetings" of Negro and white ministers- throughout the South. In some instances the traditional Negro Ministerial Alliance have been comnletely abandoned In stead of the two foreodned. In stead of the two foregoing Alliances some places *now. have only one - namely, the Ministers Alliance, or some similar .name. In other places they still maintain separate Negro and White. Ministerial Alliance, but the two have joint meetings more and inure .jiviiueimy. i, ior one, ieei ging for the entire community of the South. The Negro and white ministers, and especially the white ministers, realize the technical, and often emharassing situation in whicn they are-placed. Certainly they have a divine calling. However, they are placed in a practical and human - world in which to excutc their divine calling. They must lace practical and human situations - must deal with human beings. - It is, thus, my considered opinion that we- do ministers a great injustice, and again, especially the ~ white ministei-s alien we conotunt 1 ly noint out* the fact that we have ' seperate churches'fot* white and No 1 gro peoples The foregoing is es; pecially "unfair when we put the 1 blames on the ministers for the situation. Ministers do not own i churches as their private property. They are servants of the churches i they serve. Certainly they are re1 garded as the leaders in the church PS thnv cprvn ffc o.. .? . . . ??.-> uinnnlM! tions pertaining To.church wojk. But they are not dictators. They i are advisors, and especially the pastor of a church. : In some denominations! the Bap I tists, for examplie) the policies of i the individual churches are dele 'mined by a majority vote of t i mfcmbers. On the other hand, 1 .some denominations the policies 01 i the churches are determined largely by regional and or national - conferences?and conventions.?In either of the above eases, the most ' important thing the pastor can dc I is to preach the unadulterated gospel of Jesus Christ. All he car do is to jrlant the seed and wait I for it to grow up and hear fruit ' The pastor is not a policeman nor I a sheriff. He, cannot force ehurcl I members to do anything. Lets cease blaming ministers and pastors for the short comings of our churches. Lets place the blame where it justly belongs, namely, or the shoulders of all -those profess ing he Christians. d * " k JERAL HOME 1 L Si T^ery, Mfr. s * TJLJMBIA PHONE 3-7036 . "BROW! THE STORY OF THE N 4 I Skilled Negro workers li cialists in the curing and pre factory operated ' by P. Loril reveal these facts in "Brown tobacco industry, t -r : CHAL'TER V - CREATIVE CRAFTSMEN j A craftsman, according to WebJ stor, is one who "applies skill patience, and jartistie?inclination to his trade." You have to be a crafts man in every sense of the word to work in the complex processes of tnhurro mnniifnrtnro for no hvo to. bacco crops are alike, yet every Old (Jold cigarette must be so precisely like every other as to defy , detection.?And?patience! skill and artistry are the contributions that Negro workers have brought to the tobacco industry for eight generations. It's interesting To" note that the . earliest known illustration of tobacco manufacturing1 in the culunies, dated 1G15, showed unsupervised Negro workers handling every operation of a Jamestown, Va. tobacco yard Negro worker* were employed at America's first tobacco 'plant ? the New * York plant where Pierre Lorillard began manufacturing snuff in 17G0. Down through the years, from gen eration to generation,* Negroes have learned and passed along the | oetieate ? sK-tHs ol grading the bright leaf, aging it to just the right stage of mildness, and blend ing it to perfection. Today, Negroes are the core of the tobacco 'ndustry's skilled labor force. Some 1 Negroes are employed in to? ' '. . ies throughout the nadeh 31,000 are Working . in . South.I And today more than one third the employees of P. I.oriilard are r "Negroes skilled specialists in a dozen or more phases of tobacco man 1 ufaeture. In terms of their propor' tion in the population, Negroes 1 truly have a full share in the man ' ufaeture of top quality cigarettes like Old Cold and Micronite filtertip Ken's; Muriel cigars, Briggs ' tobacco, and the many other famous P. I.orillard products. All thesa | employees have the benefit of onthe-job trainini; programs unsurpassed in the industry t departmen1 tal seniority; the right to bargair with management through unions ?"Quite a few. conse<|uently, Tuivi I risen from the laboring ranks t< skilled and supervisory positions While it' is quite impossible t< describe the- entire tobacco man I ufacturing process here, these an a few of the exacting jobs perfor mod by Negroes at P. Corillan Company throughout the nation, (nloariing, Preliminary Processing | Ageing) I | When the nation's finest to ij bacco arrives in huge hogshead I at the Old Gold Branch at Jerse; City, N. J., Negro and white work ers Unload them and send the hun cylinders of tobacco on their wa; . to be broken up and placed on coi Vveyors. Then conies the careful as sembly-line blendof many ty pes of tobaccos a skilled, syste matic process, for all Old Gold ; must havef^nifonn richness an * | fla\'or. All moisture is ne\t rc I moved by a steam-heated machine I I where Negro and white worker J keep careful check on temper; itures of more than 200-degree: and a carefully controlled amour of moisture is then .re-added, A white leaders repack the bundle in hogsheads for ageing. Speci, inspectors^ both Negro and whit 1 SKIN AND BRK EGRO'S ROLE IN THE TUJ J ! * -a-n, nwnpiii ke Bennie Hawthorne-of Ri< icessing of tobacco were emph Hard Company in 1760. The 1 Skin and Bright Leaf".the s constantly sample and check these hogsheads for uniform moisture^ that is repeated at many later I stages in cigarette manufacture. | (Final Processing. Flavoring) Elsewhere in the same building the center ribs are being removed ! from tobacco leares by u process known as "green-stcniing," for only certain tobaccos age ho.-t I when .the large rib is left intact. At 1*. 'I.orillard's Muriel Cigar [ilanl?in I.''.rhmoril. Va.. w'nerr , "green-stemming" is also .an important operation, you'll most J likely find a Xegro. wonjan perfor ! ming this precise task with a !~po cial machine. She is a careful, con? seientious worker, for?tf stem re. moval i>? not neat mid i-omplefo, ' the resultant tobacco will be loose and coarse. Her work is thoroughly , inspeclecf. as is the operation of ' rnur vumpiicavea, uencaie macnine, 'Tftany times daily, In I.orillard cigarette factories,, "prrcen-steemcd" tobacco, too, must lie dried, cooled. ! re-moistened and aged before the I next stnite of manufacture. And .a. particular hogshead may rest in storage, ageing gradually like fine wine, lor several years. Kvery type of aged tobacco making up the final lnefcd is next put separately through steam-vacum ordering chambers to lie softened. As many as four or five difI ferent states may be represented as sourees-of each "tyflo*' i bright! ( llurley. Maryland. Tiirl.i-hi; t'nu-n tn Old Oold with I.lend exaetly likeThal of every other Old (i<>I*i mav cbntrfin- the prodfltTs of as d : ? - many as seventeen slates Once the final blend fx made', Negro workers operating cutting mavUi ines cut the tobacco to the exact i size for fino, cool burning, and others add firepixc amounts of flaVoi for added aroma and lio'Kpa-t. Tre-i ; another Worker fluff the tohaeei into a light silken texture on a sue cial/ioachine, and it is ready t< I nrocee?l to the Miikinn- l?....n,.? Intent, where cigarettes take form ."p[Making). ; l Iii the rooms housing the cigar ette-makir.g machines tcmpmatiim r ami 'humidity are constantly chei -1* ) e<l by skilled workers, who may o . may not he Negroes. Anothe > worker darts in and out, tcstin; - tohaeeo samples to he sent to th laboratory for a double check. A - the cigarette making machine it 1 self are two workers working as team -- perhaps a white man and , Negro girl, or voice versa; th man; an operator who eonstantl - cheeks the delicate halunec. if .th s machine's^ gears' and levers:*>th y girl, the. "catcher" who receive - the finished cigarettes. She can e fully watches the maclt>m? scoo y up the familiar finished product n as fast as the machine feeds t< hacco, folds paper around it in - cylender, prints "Old Gold" at - ineli intervals, and cuts the eoi sinnuous cylinder .into individu; d | ciirare'tto*,.? i- (Packing. Shipjng, Inspection) i, Elsewhere in the factory \vhi s and colored workers have receive i- unpacked, inspected and measure s, P. I-orillard's shipments of fit it V white cigarette paper, eellophan tt and metal foil. In the,.Packing 1) i(T| paiLTTenf a r.l.illnd Xei'i'n work ?s stands at a Kiarvelous maehii al that receiver edgaretes at one cm c, foil, paper and Federal reven Saturday. March* 19, 1985 IHT LEAF' lACCO INDlJilTIlY hmrnd, Va.. who became spewed in America's, first tobacco nakees of Old Gold cigarettes toi%-ol the Negro's role in the I - ' " stamps ft the other; and comi l>hio.- them into a familiar whole? I tin- OH (?old nack. 1 Other-workers at the machines j test the packages, seal them, pack -v i them 10 to, a carton, and put .the 1 cartons inrt eflsCS of 50 for Ship-"" ; merit all over the world. . ' . j . J At-every* tagc of this stupendous- ? 1 production line inspection must be made: chocks and rechecks "must , he ordered' for the sake of quality . eontrol-'and uniformity. Negro and ? hile winkei's alilo*"perform ail of these inspecting functions' in addition to the dittos listed above. Workers of all races and nationI alities at P. I.orillard plants are I proud of their fine products and of their share in bringing thcm~to j \he' puhlie. Take a particular pack ' in- M)"ci;in.-i for example who"!.-'. ~ a plet.satlt brown-skinned man whoe face does liot reveal his j-years, he'll tell you that he's been i' .. ill, i> l ....111 i r.... * ... ? J ????..! i . KV/I IKUIU IWI UVUIIl)* SCVVil* | years that he's proud to be as-, ! soeiateil with a-company of Lorillard'* reputation that he's had five hupouant promotions, from laborer to* oiler to machine adjusi*M to. mechanic to packing special- i-t. <>.vc_ of the Old Gold planf's most !( -)?(rtcl employees, he's one of those rare workers found only ! itt the most fair-minded companies -- a strong union man who's also _L_^. ; a firm supporter of management. You'll listen to him and you'll cinue away convinced that he's typical of the satisfied, optimistic . worker.- who are the Negro memI i;r-r*?rtf i-r-e oldest tobacco family -n Amri icu H WNAll A. M. K. ( Ifl'KCH Kev. .1. N. faugh man?I'astor N< wherry ? I lie Sunday School i -- Udl .'.live iii every respect with nil wit h interest. I he service beyttn at the >':i! 11 >?ir with Hymn No. ITi. prayer wji> offered by Jtro. 1,. IT. .McN.'uy. Sweet inusic was sunt? l>y il?e .Se nior choir. Second Hynjn No. After which tlie "Scripture text was read hy the pastor from 'he i!2 chapter of St. Luke, 2l> veres. Tia n st summary of the Decalogue, ^iiurird;- hymn No. 209, Mis sionsiiy offei jnjr. A short prayer hv the pastor. Sweet music by the t choir. At this time, the pastor canto . ,i .forward with Clod's message. Ho f a spoke fiom 22 chapter of fit, Luke f c and the 1 f? verse. These words were J y used. ith desire I have desired 1 e] I'.' eat JLis Supper (passover) with / e j yop hi lore ] suffer." After this f s i ureal iv.essane. the' pastor offered^ .. | a short prayer. Very sweet musid| ]) It'll liy (he clwir.. An invitation t<lj ,i joiners wore extended. Hymn Noi )- J HI was used. Collection for tho a P"or. Music, Communion, moro p, than IK persons took Communion, i-J W hile the choir rendered sweet nl music more than $45.00 was col"7 lectei!. J. (jSingleton, Rpt. 't' Subscribe For - The Palmetto ? ne % Leader i: 2 _