Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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PAGE TWCT , v;" " - PI CSSS^S5S5555525!!!!SSSS*SS! ir' . i? ^HE "OLD GRAY " A E. PHIL r. 1 Both Bishops Are Hight ? -Bishop?Ransom?iu__lus. address tu " the Central Conference of tlie A. M. E. CbureVdt Manning said the.great" est need bi the nilh'elCtoday is pray ~evr?It is needed on the part of the ministry - ami the laity. He raul ~ ' ^'brethren yotr must pray your way * through difficulties and o.er .testacies . . If you undertake the method of fussing and. lighting or political schemes you will ultimately fail." Bishop L Chandler in .addressing the upper South Carolina Conference of the Southern Methodist Episcopal Church held at Spartanburg a ie\V 'days age said there wasn't ,anything needed mdre~Tn the church of today-than a a universal revival such as it has no' witnessed in -over a- quarter of ?i century. e jusi. as wi n iu'?i ujlc ... admonition of those episcopal leader? and tunc in with God as our chiei L 1 refuge from tlje perils that are threat k?'ning us in thes trying'days of deef H distress. " ConrForTYe M.v People" , " The above is as much tlie duty ol the gospel ministers of today for tlu people as it was that of the prophet for"tiie children of "Israel.. There ,.s ?to be found consolation.- in God's wore i? for His .peoule-uxt.aiiy_Tiiue_ajHl .uii'k'l all conditions. The gospel miniate} ahould acquaint himself with the de plorable conditions oj' his people ant search the scriptures so as to find i comforting inesage for them on Sun day or at lui.vtime front his pulpit r This tiling of minister? . divorcinjj themselves entirely from their peoph ? all^-thcL. week, perfectly ignorant a? to the hnpnenimrs with tlieni during the week and come before them Sun day morning with a classical .niessugi from his library comforts them aboui as much as saw dust would -comfor a fyungry hog. What does a colorei maSt-cure for theological truths, m philosophical conclusions or retoricaJ r~? accuracy -or even heaven, when tlu landlord has all of his cotton store*! ? up_in_the warehouse with 110 settle" rtnenC and - hi? wm crib nailed up am. himself and family walking" the highways with nothing to eat scarcely an> thing to wear. The minister huisl be ablod to find comforting words ol the Holy written word for. such, per sons-if?ho?would interest, them. Tin Lord Jesus Christ satisfied the peo pie first with fish and bread-before Vip tohl tliem of that livimr bread am that well of everlasting water. * Blunder And Still Blundering ?_ It seems that colored farmers at-. hard to ^ be convinced. They have food stuff and less cotton. The-governor of South"~Carolina sent a. bus;load of committee-in various parts ol the state this spring instruct' - the farmer what to plant. But with al of that some held -m to "king cotton' as usual and today their cotton i? gone, but little corn in their barns, nc - potatoes in their sellers, little 'or. 15* vegetables in their gardens, hardl.. any chickeTis-.on "their yai'ds', no fill hing liogs'Tmr'VdilldtTg- cowi?Glvwsb mas has not yet come and reallv thorc are some farmers "that haven't saved a dime from their entire cotton eroj and have .destroyed the. little amouiv of -food- stored -otherwise.?To plan! the greater portion of their farms i; - - ?~,cottx)n, was a blunder and the stn'al amount of eatables planted by then was.still blundering. The buying ol fihe Cih'.j b" i >! ..J! Iil'M'S'i |mi111h when they were living on rentefarms and houses was a blunder am their sti^l trying to operate then more for pleasure/than anything els*. ??J1 -* ~is?sjtiH?blundering.?The inelinat.ior on the*part of our 'people tp leave" tin church because of these hard times a. blunder and roamine t he woods am fields on the Lord's l>ay sighing am _ .?. COmplaiiUUM - ? Our Whereabouts On last Sunday we were, with the ReV. E. A. Atcb'ison of St; John am the Rev. .Jas.- R. Johns??iw~ Jiv ol Winnsbovo and hail a real penteeosl . v. . indeed. . Wo etijoyeil oursol.f ^ wil'i these ministers, By .request of t(14 Rev. Atchison. tV1' asigiiod him to'.-Ylchisori Chapel which i^ near h! hofm and where he has jbnie and will tt< 45 his churchin great se+Aive. Brother Johnson is truly the. poptr lar pastor of his city. Already he has begun his program for the enter ? ' tainment of the quadrennial annua names of some of the leading work ' ers of these two charges in an.othei article. This week-end will find us ai Macedonia Church. Sunday morning " ~ with the Koy.q. H. vook. and at CTf ' G. Bowman. ?Let the. aiembeKS-pra.) for. the presence of the Holy Spirit "Let us advance On our. knees." Nrvnu^frTrr^NtMys Newberry Ms much" in need of ; colored doctor. The Newberry fielc , ' has always supported one; the,fielc is now open, and a good doctor desir ing to'crrmerfoi?furtherMnformattpi write Mr. B. F. Needy. The nranv friends rit' Rev. .Boozoi of Player Street are glad to knov | that he is out again. Th<> service at .Miller Chapel wm COod all daV Slindnv and was larov.li attended. Two a-bied sermons wa; preached ' mis tor, Rev. J. C. Mc Cellnn, morning and nigjit. The Dime Reading and black coff ee service was a envoi success to. sa* the least Which was given by the Dea coness Board at the residence of Mr j - and Mrs, Rohmt OuiMs la?t Sundaj afternoon. On last Wednesday night, Mr. M L. LeBaile, chairman of the prayei meeting committee, had some verj distinguished visitors. Rev. T. F ?. l. Hopper. who we know i* full of fire t : ' ' k-7 ? . 1 ~ * 5: ' ; ?????? st XI> THE NEW RIDER ? ' If IP ELLIS . _ 'on i w . 1 tv j and also several Baptist friends; we 0j *, had a glorious time. j The members on the sick list- are: ' ; Mrs. Janie Nance, of Elenor St.,_Mrs. ^ |'Virginia "toray is still connned'Tb"Tier"~w room ifud also Mr. Simon Allen Jr. T*4 re . "- ' ' ^ j 0 ' SI MTER NEWS. * ^ , . - , ' "1 Notes From the Primary Department m r-?of High School. , FIRST GRADE "A" |.ie , i Th^f tots of the Beginners Class t> I. "A" gifts*-enjoy Silent Reading very |01 t> much. ~' ipf i A-Tew days ago they were allowed, ol L ;to give n Sitent Reading Demonstra-; . i tion in chapel. This was given by v< j rway of inspiration. -I am sure they a | are going to be more interested as T the days go by. The children eager- j tl rj4v wrote nice letters to /'Dear Old j ig-mto" TKnrcflnv .1 not - tuoak Vi-oc nn I exceptionally busy one for 'our class, bi Each child was intensely interested . y , (with the aid of the teacher) in mak- ts ' ring r n attractive room for the sea- j ; ! si n. It took time, energy, thought;Q I and patience ta complete our pvo-jjv ? in. . ti : !h > blackboard drawings are ap-1 piopriat,, for the season. ,For wip- (| ..-llnw ..decorations we have the Christ- p, mast . story, cut outs pasted on the p 1 windows. Around the roopi are drapery ami wreaths. '- m -? *?. *: The sand table project is a village and a small monger. Stretch your imagination and Wp are sure you cati ' see air in the room where anything ti L_uiigJit lie. '. ? Now. chip, clap your hands, ^ And join in our glee! V For" Christina^ is coming And merry are we! ?t?? ?- tl - E. B. LEA'AN, Teacher. . *? * ^' 1 James A. Ilolman and Theodore. \ ; ^ FIRST GRADE "B" BOYS. t), 1 We. the bapd o?"First Grade "B" d: (boys) arc anxious to have you know 01 a thing or two about what we can do. For the Thanksgiving season we i lufcl quotations and songs. appropri7" rpqt!) pints UOISU.I.IU dm Ol bp; ? i. \\Ts decorated with turkeys and p pumpkins; the log cabin. Pilgrim go- s] 'lie fi> chlireb nnrl Pvpfvtkinir tr> I ry out the season. As wo know, all littl^'boys Uke_Jji v count, money and keep store like Dad- ,j w dv. so we have had a store in our j r ' in-"?celling numbers?frgm?1?to 1 5. ^ > WV (is?l 10-pprmtes and sold them at 1 -penny each. How delighted we . were for some to be dealers and some to he purchasers. We have . also had some of our writing posted I in<our class room as encouragement :for. our other little friends. u F?'ir the, Christmas season we have t.l ; Dear Old Santa going down the , -himney with his pack filled with 1 "> > oil things that all little boys like, .( tiur-sand table- fur DecgirLber is .y beautifully decorated with our Christ jt w Tmi-r tree-.- What a jolly good time , we had cutting out horns, stockings. B hells, i stars and Christmas trees to p - -lamaiify our tooml . ? . II We wish for all the First Grade R \s "A -Merry Christmas amf A j j Happy New Year." C. M. DIGGS. Teacher? .w ' i GRAPH 1 September brought to me ft bunch' (if eager little boys and girls with H<~iYntrng faces-ready to- grasp tin ' i n'r.wh ' needed information from their \| -t crr-m*r:?moved along nicely_tdU? u ' iny tin' month, discussing our vara- j] tinn ml tho season of the year. j Lj?The-frolic of the leaves made us j ' aide' to know that old "Jack Frost' j -tv. ii" near. ,?. ^ I taring this month the Children. ,, ' were busy looking for suitable leaves | 1 for class room decoration. We wer< ni f aide to know, that October was Ieeping over the ~fence. - ... ij Jiv this month we talked of Colum- ( i bus. the children being able to get a .j lrt-i'.utiful mental picture of the sim- , pie .story told to them, And by the ' . use i f the sand table were able to see. ^ A dramatization worked out by the [teacher and pfipils :of the 'class" . t brought much interest to the class room, after they efljoyed themselves | ] in the class room they were anxious .|t<? nft vn^e.hnpel, this seemed to he J enjoyed . by every one present. The ^ 'children -have shown much interest it " nt ?_ /">t i. 1 .1.1.* Li J_ ^ L i in me rnnnic .v nari, anu ueiignt in ., r I giving phonetic sounds. ? '-r -Nov i ihIht?rolled??Our clam ? -1, iKKini gavP usI a sure enough Thanks- L': ! giving spirit. We talked about~sbarini: with others," ari<TTt~was cfuitirtffr ? 'jteresting to see "it" done when the v; 1 little "folks were called upon. ' "n1f n'V f"' "V? ry thm- Q I brought, potatoes;- flour and pennies E ready to respond. Ir December brought much ;joy to all, ' | I our class room shows no time lost for a | we have "been busy eajch day trying- ?'(to show the Christmassy "feel." t( "I The- sand tables are of much inter- 11 r est. On one table is the scene of the d jr.irth of Christ. On the other shows D 1 joTTy' old Santa already at thP chinv- b ' i nev in another corner stands . our Uj , Christmas?tree; it. makes us feel - that Christmas is near L '! ANNIE E. DINKINS, Teacher. v? 5 1. ' d SECOND GRADE. f ? . b Miss M. A. Savage, our kind and ? L sympathetic teachejr?o? the second y ' j grade, has been ill for the past few CJ Weeks, 4rotMs convalescing nicely now.^ :.We jmiLia -Him. Wfoufoelh ,1' i well, that He might restore her to I Ihealth once again and that she might f( flbr abhr-^o come back to us because j 13 r we miss "her so. " JL'.. !a The lovely sprays and the m^nylh I 1 * 1 5 T " 4 % . - / : . THE PAtMETI udent body, along with a host of her friends, will aid in helping to ing about a speedy recovery. flUssr aomi. E. Richardson, the very effient sub-teacher is certainly putting 'er an effective program. Below you ill find just, a few of tho many lings that the children have been ling with the guidance of the teachrade ended in "Flying Colors" and ith "High Spirit*." In the _ claSS_. K>m are quite a number of effective: suits from our first exams. These, e in the form of "A"- papers, neat-; written and arranged properly : itb gold stars placed very carefully j icreon. -They arc hanging in a conlicuous place in the rooni and they. iake a lovely efficiency poster.^The Thanksgiving sand table proct was another interesting -feature int might be mentioned. On one side I r the sand table was a beautiful* vene representing thn Pi'grims. The ? ;,1 . Mr.llnr>rl ,11*-I I \ 1 ? U^UV?PVlUvu -The? Thanksgiving?stof-v was tokl^ ?ry simply by Miss Savage ,.\vha,i ime for a visit whilp convalescing, he children wrote history notes from le story. Now. December comes and with it jmes the Christmas spirit. We've eon busy framing pictures oT the fadbnna. cutting out ponsettas, Sani Claus, camels,. bells, trumpets, :-indeer and a nuniher of other toys, j nr sand table is, covered with snow rul in the center stands a Christmas; ee tli&t was beautifully decorated ith toys made i?v ,the"~ehildren 'With"1 ie aid of tlr? teacher, This week tylt; ii^ writing h.ttorg to Santa; laus. TlHRDCiltADlT Our next thought after our Thanks iving holiday, is planning our Christ ins program, to which our little j >lks aTT are" very eagerly lookng fori a'tjl. They ar0 anticipating a great' me planning their decorations and I ieir saail table project. The project represents the j birth r the Savior in the manger, the! Wise ten, the cattle, all" are - there. The lildren are delighted. Our quarterly examinations are cer, the majority of the pupils are i- Ing welt; each ttying Tftr excel ~the ther: -I M F OT.OVF.R. Teacher. FOURTH GRADE. The Fourth GradP has finished the rst quarter's examinations. It has hpwjj improvement. The* Christmas sand tUble is very :teiest.iiur. It shows the Christmas lildren. The children of the grade uve learned gems and songs for the hnstmas season. B. V. SAMPSON, Teaeher. ?>?? ? m .UNION NEWS. Sunday Dec.. 14th was a lovely day >r church #oers and many wended lieir way to the house of prayer. The saints at Bethel A. M. E. lurch are?much enthused over pass's plans for the year and all are pricing to make Rally a glowing sue ,'SS. L~~ -Rev. Dr. Baton pastor of Corinth aptist church has been inTited. to. reach at Bethel- Av M.-K, church, an.. ;h Sunday afternoon, Dec.' 28. Choir iuI inemhers are expected to accomuny Pastor Baton. Zion A. M. E. church is lining MPi ith""new pastor and when all of the! tt 1,.. "st-isnis" are put aside... Zion | ill a .train blossom as the rose. Here's a Welcbnie fviiriTl Uriel I'lU'erv-*" ir new ministers and education oils] als corning into Union district. j Sunday eve. Dec. TthrtheM'onTan* H issioiiiiry" Society of Corinth Bap-i st. church held regular meeting, call- j e light service, sponsored by Mrs.] eneva Bafen was \Vell planned. An Unary program in connection with ii< was much enjoyed and proceeds ] r"life evening amounted to a littTe' err $'i.O0. White drosses worn by i iV ladies, with ved candles lighted | iadr a pretty picture. The march p and down the- aisles of Corinth j as led by one of the faithful Jiin-i >r ' gii>ls Miss Maud McKissick?} ['hristian hold yqur light" was sung' lie of the members not in the iarch "served as spectator, she de-1 .n ibes the candle-light service uni-V ue ami wolf-planned by Mrs. Baten. | ll are vci'u- I ' - j v. ui oci V itca j ndeied" by lie v. and Mrs. Baten. ; Set mens on. Sunday Dec. 14th were' jth greatly enjoyed. All felt sorry ticn Pastor Baton said-he felt, a lit-[ e indisposed.?Well in a little while e were made^to bid our fears cease.i ne sermon was well prepared in all! L its- parts and delivered so earn>tly that with one accord \ye felt^ rat-it?was good- to be- t&eyo. - 1 -B.-*Y. P.- U. evening-fserviees were-1 ell attended?increased interest isr eing_ inanifejitod-hy-young people of; ;tered to a large number of the Cor-1 ithians at the evening service. The < loly Spirit was one in the midst, and guiti there was ?reat rejoicing. , Many here and elsewhere regret j y learn that Mr. Abe Giles is not j inch improved. M[iss Maxine Bui-i en is cheerful and enjoys hearing rom her friends. Our hopes are | right for her and many prayers goj p for her recovery. ,1'rof. L. M. Tobin. instructor at. fnion University. Richmond. Va.J 'here h0 graduated from the College j ep&rtmont some few years ago; is; till indisposed. All are hoping the, est lor Young Tobin?and for him' ur prayers are: Lord, give this j oung man needed strength?physi-j ST and spiritual. All are hoping to ear of his improved condition in a zw-'duys. < many i.ffe mowing. wun >nd anticipations, for a Merry Xmas [ore's hoping that all our friends nd readers of-Palmetto Leader, will ave a {joyous Christmas Season and lost prosperous Ne? Year. I ^ rO READER Memorial Services of Colui Sidney Park C. M. E. TO ALL KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAN^ AN] You are cordally invited to attend a Me of Columbia Loilfro No. 11, Uniform Rank of Colombia, to be behj Sunday, afternooi Sidney Park C-\M- EL (Mn^rrb. The pnblte service. -} ; "" I |(jA - -. . i] Tlffr f.ATIO COLONEL - Tho '< ttu> liki-in's^ lit' ful T. 11 j Past Supreme Hcn'-eseiitali\I~ oT Th~e"Knii; one of the threp Sir Kniirhs of. Columbia Sunday afternoon, .December 21, 1930. In the same service,'Sir Win. Taylor ant lors of the same l,odgt. will he honored, with the presence of Sir .Julius A. Brown, G. K. of R. & S., and Sir 1, ?.I. A. Myers, i and Sir James^Bailev. D. 1>. G. C.. Colli -preserrce-of- the ptibiir; '- The followjntr~l>ru Opening ... Opening Ode. JMusic.: ? : ??i Remarks . . . _i Selection 7 . Remarks ... Music .. -----Remark^ . _ . j. V Selection - - - - -Remarks' . _ Uuett - ... ...? . 'S Remarks .1 ...... . Eulogy 1. .... Remarks _ Sir "Remarks and" present:.Tu7n".u7 eEc -CsTo \vi Knights of Columbia Lmliro ^ ?f . .Sir Julius / "Announcements. Benediction. /*ff I ~-^Nr~E.' LF l-'if^'1 Eminent Gran PRQCPAMA To all Knights Templars throughout the j tion.) . ^ GREETINGS: . . . With deepest sorrow we announce the d< Commander John O. SinjHeton, who passed V, 1030 after only three.hours illness. Dur Right Eminent Chief was buried wi leston, S. December 11, 1030. 0 ' 1 . Your humble servant as the rnnltinir p Right Eminent Grand Commander of 'Pali diction of South Carolina. Our address is 1 S. C. All fraternal masonic corresponder lar work will be conducted through this o It is our purpose to keep the Knights T< maintained hy our predecessor and pray t latiiiim Im i?. i. : ? ...........i,.iy our sister junsaici j. . ,'. i . \ * . v -.Right Palmetto Grand Commandevy of (Princi lino, 1127 Washington Street, Columbia, i , - - : * ' " j? I , -*? !?r f-J j i . Sal tribia Lodge No. 11 at MRChurch Sunday. I cireh ward ni?EIENDSi' _ S?sgl niorial Service under the auspices the i (jqmpnny A, and associate lodges ^ll00' n? December 21, 1930, at 3:30 at Is cordially invited to attend this J !:r 1 tile .-1jen ry _ . ' It'iii y, jfhst Grand Chancellor, and Ledge feo. 11 to be memoralized last 5 .Ledh 1 Sir \V|J. Wright, Past Chancel- hl These ^services--will be honored uej(| C." C..-Charleston, SYf ,T." B. Lewie, ship; tssrstii^t Secretary of Endowment was mKqg*' Wo earnestly request the has^ vyrfn will be-rendered: ji'l. Master of Ceremonies ^ ? main mzzmrrr ? ?r Choir-' and . _ Sir \\\ II, Coultry, No. 9 to re Th . _ Sir C. P. Davis, No. 11 J* ? - - . _ Choir Mrs. ----- Sir Benj. B. Boozer T'la.; ? , Coniniunvty Quartette Bosti --..Sir i; AFT'A". Myers, No. '95 mi S ir and Mrs. Dock Johnson, No. 11 I Sir .J." II. Jackson, No. 33 s. C ? Sir A. T. Smith, No. 11 Aike Rev. It. S. Lawrence J;> B, Lewie, G. K. of R. & S. ?rair frate crows7T>r]Vha"iYs and disabled - "n()? SJo. 11, K. of P. bund V. Brown. G. C., Charleston, S. C. to tl was ^v' ^ ' ~ I W > > the M . Cor/: < c ? O. E 'I eomp -? - < have made ?:?^ nepk swy, - : ?-? imm el Commander 9 ' and TION * ni?th urisdiction. .(Prince Hall afTilia- of 1 closet . ^ . ......... .... ... .. rath of our Right Eminent Grand 1 awav Sunday morning, December Th . . " ' ?' 'tist ( ttrusuar Masonic honors in Char day ratal nfliror assumes t.ha t.it.la~ol 1^metto Grand Commandery, Juris- js jn 1127 Washington Street, Columbia ice'relative to Knights of Temp- l"" "*" ffice. . .. . smplar \yovk to the hiffh standard ^ he mo'ST. 'cordial and fraternal r(T tt i0".., - - ' ?- Tea N. E. LEWISL? Efnirfent Grand Commander e Hall affiliation) "6f South CaroS.^C. .- " ' . i n ? " *' 4 , I JOHN O. SINGLETON,I'ASSES > 'V ' V ^ ? ?s has missed from labor to rel in the person Of Mr. John O. leton, whose sudden death on mov". of December 7th. 1030, ., <ed the entire community. O.i sdov following, at Plymouth rrejrational Ghurch. of -which he 1?j ~i _ i '? ' i r r??r 'i f t ' ^ jib * >i I ?? LATE MR. J. O. SINGLETON long been an active member, a . nil- friends "nthcied tu. the tribute of respect. Rev. C. S. etter. his pastor was eloquent s wonderful sermon and eulogy, his faithful?member,?who?has ? manv offices diHangMiis-membor- ? ; and at ' tljo time of his death, a deacon; in Which capacity he served for many years. ms and Prince Hall Chapter No. Drder of Eastern Star, his' reS wore conveyed to the Friendship Cemetery, and laid :st with full Masonic Honors, ose fronv out of town in attene at the funeral were: Mrs, AneMoore, of Chatanooga, Telin.; K. II. Fleming, St. Augustine, neiees; Mr. Julian Lawrence, in, Mass.; a nephew; Mrs. Nan- .. inglcfon Rrown. New York City; ted daughter;. Mr. and Mrs. Geo. -7-, es and family of McClelianville. .Mrs. Matilda McFarland, of . h,'S C.; Sir N. E. Lewis, I) G. C ilumbia, S C. Numbers of teleis from relatives and friends and rnal repn'omta t iyes who could be present, were received^ Aanve of- floral offerings attested ic l"ove and esteem in which he held. r trade Mi. Singleton^ was a > Carnehter- and hqs just comd tin _ ^, .1" ^ lesion Navy Yard. being retired ?onsioa?- lie made an enviable yi there?for?dependability, so tjie Admiral in charge usually 1 for him to do whatever work Ttd? fn his liner-. For a number ears htt-Uvas secretary for the Caroonters' Union. ?.S.nglutun wan?nil'dinted?wits?-i? mber of fraternal organizations held office in7many.. He was reed for tire second time Master itice Hall Lodge"i'Vf Free and Ae* >d Masons. He was King of rt .Ill-own Elliott Chapter No. 1, 1 Arch-. Masons, Imminent Com- . , hts Teninlavs, (of which he"wast f founder^ Right Eminent Grand* minder, Palmetto Grand Com.Lay, Jurisdiction of.South Caro ? "'Kntyhtji,. Templars; Associate-' . S. He was a meiv.bef of the r?n of Prince Hall Chapter No. 41 '. Johnson Consistory No. 13G, Emanuel Lodge. No. 831), I. B. P. * Iks of the World. < 'he decjosed lonves a devoted anion of 41_ years. They did not any children of their own, but a home for their many neices pw*, many of them motherless icplu-wk; j?rand helfbg and grant! fatherless, .but who found" a 7 er and f other in this wonderful LJ??r~* !e. whose bigness ut he?TTt~^Tii'lirl" r adopfeddaugbterand ehrktrem ? friends; their door was never 1 to aji.v one who came. . -? \ CHRISTMAS CANTATA ? ' e Choir of Second Calvary' Bap7hurch, oresents "The Comm of ,t," in a Christmas- Cantata, Sun- ~ night, Dec. 21, at .7:4a nVlnrk. premises to be the -best:?klveey- ?? vited. r ? '' >o Most- Of Your Hing Wjt-b Our AfU ?- "Jf^ rt . 7 .TT.ySJ ??? tisers. "r:; T~ .. w. ' , . t "r -I . \ - ^ V , V