Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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PAGE FOUR. Stye Paints . . WEI "1310 Assembly Sti ? - r Business and Ed - Entered at the. Post Office at Columb Act of Congress. j? : : . atusui ? -On?- Year $2.00 Six Months . ? - 1.25 OfflCl&l AdverlisdTrfCfft's at the ^a^ nl 2 * r^hiy ?7 wyfbriof and" . interest 'When they ore- ncioini - ? the authors and arc not of a" ,U; ... ^ ..rD?fc(t?\tcations"will not be ^otici , retufhed. "* REMIT Checks, Drafts and Postal or Express to the order of tl N. J. FREDERICK li ' J. B. LEWIE C W. FRANK WILLIAMS HENRY D. PEARSON . GEO. H. HAMPTON Communications intruded for the " " - should reach theeditorial ciosk oi .i n day of each week.?Cil> iuvvs, luial?, day night. i , SXI'LIKDAT: President Wilkinson of iho-? revijew of "Negro Lard-Grant ^ fhp M^Pngor. It ^ WOll WCTl - . \ * We nT1"'""' M'ifll mnoli r?nr says cor"'* v,Mhe viqws.-og-'-'IT white t - 'or ilcrk.f-^p* f they, fui'iii .. > : grratcst pay -?11 . ought I e licac. it ought be the themselves. ' Why not ? Roland Hayes, the famous t( land near his birth place,. Calho - stitution as a memorial to his r tent and ambition of any kind i if any of them chooseLto come) let," as he puts it to a white peiV should the opportunity, after _v^_ why ? * In BetTOlfTlStfchigan, it "is sai cians carry their prescriptions ? there are 27 colored drug stores, only colored people. If that is give those doctora a dose of thei a physician, call a white one. themselves blazing the way? 1 ?:? why should theiv'own pat foil izt ~ , *"* *"!" The Chicago Defender hits th ^ ?t_says that} race needs a first cl; just, one? The Negro group is in America that is not represen ^,demagogue may up in. Congre.: and false things about the Neg . there is none to call his hand, the case: Who does not get t'hril of Robert Brown Diiott to Chi the Congressman, Chicago, you 7 ' ~~7 FLOOD The great flood in tin- Mis'sissi ^.things worthy of notice. Firs spirit ot the American people ^~^sp?ftse to the appeal for .imnej I unfortunate ones.' Not 'only t without price on the part of'mai ,..ofthe liumar.2 seirit. . ' ; * 'Just- as.&hp. bright side has be the darker sh--:cs. as for instar that the' /'a*', may get bey< from be . * v.. -veel to safety i blinking li: >.*. of thir pocket f t labor agents from getting in. to ers, less they get employment these workers remain to be'fed may be able t? be taken back t< came. It is reported that many of tl been off of the farms on which dayjight,' In fact, they are vir so many cattle, less they stray thing for Uncle Sam to give a: ? watching the levdesr- It is jus the Constitution hold as it is 1 in all. this great flood present v CIVILIZATION IN C Until the floods, of the mighty cruel, uncivilized and unchristi cruel, uncivilized and uncbri.stU Africa ha's been doing her"bt it was for those heathen, to be ; then take a pot shot"at some CI Uncle. Sam couldn't stand tl ?over th^re along with battlcshi a look at the doirfgs of Christian the Chinese themselves have t State tiThieh is now suffering n and \yhose colored people are v that can bosaved from the floo ago. Negroes by the drr/orw \\-( protest the system by which th virtual slavery to the planters. - a city of TfyfHKf civilized Chri st: Christians in conjunction with, . ^cggarmx-Ciiy cmctirs,.tn(7kMi Nc* and strung him up^jThoy ridel heathen Chinaman can do that, ?? Christian, piof.i i.? <tte Uwrt.-tfig ? fastened it to an automobile am i section of Vhe city. Chinamen, 1 mobiles ran use them it doubly " ;;i' that heathen.c -the mob 1 the body with got'om. i r ever heard of ?: that civil.^ed .Christians?and i course/nothing will be_done Sb fundamentalist, and doesn't the G offerings?" *" ~ ~ " I ttn alter 2KLY rcet, Columbia, S.i C. itnrial Phone 4523 , . ia. S. C.. as, second class matter by an OPTIONS' _ Single Copy . -.- -- ?05 lowed 4>y law,. ? i__?.... -rational, letters on siiiijerts. of general ntniosi-by the names and addresses of uetanvaiory muuve. - Anonymous -conu TANCKS ' ~ ~ Money Orders shqul.d be made payable ie Palmetto .Leader ,, ' , - J Editor 777T ~ Fraternal Correspondence v.'\ ;; __ Correspondence . .t.. Newj, Editor . v. *.*' / r,Manager : _ : _ current 'issue must be very brie?r?and e r:ill!U'l 111 l.l'.ulu I'nU.latu1 tlum Tubs' per.'onal.o and social news, by ~\V?dnes MAY 11, 1927 ? ^ ? tate CoTlo go lias a very scholarly Colleges" in the May number of h ;i pcnnnl. ?? " | ? j f-ompomry,. The" Samaritan Herald hg^Fool" -a^ to the Negroes asking Or t noi l* lionn'o 1iiW1H?u fnvonAtVi . MVVI4U> V..- 1-lOWUI, of the patybnage. If anything i establishment of the business . t ' ~ . . . ' * * ' . w "V - -* nor. has* purchased .600 acres of iin. Ga.and plans to'.'build an innotlier *'where inspiration and taimong my people (and yours too, yiU he trained- and given aa outon. No restriction in this. Why all to develop ]ie limited? Yes, n * ?v* - ?-?i??~ Tt^r most of the colored phys.L to white drug stores,, although ill that f'ltlF nwi ri?-i Af ~ ~ ?... V.I.J , viii|jiutfii|}r Ul CUUtSC) true, the colored patients should r own-medicine. When they need Why notT Aren't those doctors, [f they can't patronize their own; * -them-? ? ? e hail squarely on the head when ass Negro Congress, and yet why ahout the only group of urry-niaetecl in Congress. 'I he most bitter is_and._LLtler_.Uic- most-slanderous ro? and sometimes they do?and The time was wheit such was not 1 while reading the eloquent reply as.. F. Crisp? Why not'give us have the vote?. . 0 PICTURES - ppLAIallcy .has brought forth some t, 1 lie gem-t'ous. and sympathetic a- is indicated by ther ready re: to alleyirile the suffering of the hat, hut the willingness to serve ly volunteers is another indication }en hrought oqt, however, *o have ice. greed.' Many planters fearing Mlfl ll-ini.- /..-.v. * .>.-1 ?J--J1 ji iiiMi iuiuiui p*cvtiiceu inem .nvtjl all btft too lato. . There were han the lives of their worker?. At .ccsJinvf' been formed to -prevent ucTi with the many colored wor;k.clsewjir.ee. They prefer that by el>avity until such time as they 3 the plantations from which they le colored people had never before they worked since first* they saw trial slaves. They are tagged like off. May lie; .it*would be a good n_ eye-to things down the'e while tr about asTTTrportant to tee thai that the levees d<> not break. All aried phases of human nature. -0 HINA ANI) AMERICA Mississippi began its devastation, an doings of the Chinese, whom m doings of the Chineses, whom >st to christianize. How horrible chat ing missionaries ai\d now and iristianL iat ,and started rushing marines psr?In -the rneariwhTte7 letxs" take ts in thi.-, Christian land. May be aken notice, It's Arkansas; the lore.than the other flooded areas nork ing hardor-to try to save-all d; the State where, a few years re murdered because they, dared ey were being robbed and held in Little Rock is the 'Specific place, rrrrr?' -1- - < - u u luui) oi anout l.UUU or with the acquiescence of the led his body with shots. But a SO to show 1 ho superiority of thi? mob cut doWn the-riddled body, 1 dragged it through the business you see. haven't so many autofor such purposes. But to make an't vie with civilized Christians, . ga.soTTne and burned it. Bet that lybody burning ^uman bodies like Vmerican-.Christians at that;? Of out itt ~ Anrt^very^Arkarrsah ood Boole speak of '"offering burnt TFfE PALMEY 1 MOUNTAIN Cl'l'V ECHOLS a 1? What is the matter with our State ? They can't afford when it comes to | the Colored citizen, to continue a few ing institutions, and a^ide frumithifc she could not after her Legislature had- worn itself out,?find?a way Ixl tnke car* of' the supply^"bill fthd-ad"journed without providing t-h? where IUU1.H1 'lull, to run Uui ,;Stato. There is'Vti meshing far from right the .way things Ac going~on.~~Tnxes are in~ -i creasing- t>y leaps and bounds?last j year our> State and County taxes nearly doubled. . At least that was what Jjhey ennght us-fog.?Then don^t-men^ tion the auto tag and gas tax. With | monies being collected by JJie bushels, I apd yet those in authority 'can't make ! ends meet. There is a leak somewhere; not that any ope is what'you ' might say down-right stealingj no, no; there may be a Jew slight mis* . j appropriations-in handling it by the i millions, but absolutely no stealing. ^ _ .f ?(i IIUVC IU | move bag and baggage to Columbia. | For there will be no such thing as .adjournment. That is, if they mean I in the future to ever come in siprht rf digging up enough to run for cash. ! They talked this year pf taxing sntI gar and strange to say, every time I they think of something out of that ordinary*to"Fax; it is 4hftfc- which "thtr poor white man and colored man usses most. They hit smoking and " chewing and dopes; there of the poor i fbah's dearest ; enjoyments. Then they fell on sugar, and I expect if sugar had passed, coffe would have : been Included. Th etfme is not far ' distant when therfe will be a ehafigtT in condition.?The people oopner or later will Wake up. They have been able to hold things- down thus far, j by crying "Foep the Nigger Out." Rut something worse than the "Nirr. ;gcr" Is Hfirttlt to get thorn. The Mate erying taxes,. more taxes and the -sheriffs Advertising hifids by the thour sand acres, to bo sold first Mondaysfor taxes and to cap the climax, can't evenHraw the muscles of theface and turn that- wad to one side with the tongue and make that dignified "spit" without paying extra taxes for Jhe i privilege. IJU'L.i.' o A* A<i " r=a=? Tiiat iwum Carolina needs is two' strong parties. She may beat around. a while longer, but sooner or later,' i. -,|r fri|-" *' ! Weil what then? If things are run huni'stly, why such a time living in a committee"- has beerr -appointed to ! investigate the "Biggest Money" nio.n'; ey machine, in the State, the highway j tii'imrtinent. ivt? feci sure thai if j for every-dollar taken out Of the poo1; pie's pocket for this department and 4 spent, there, was a full"dollat' gotten in return. Many more hundreds of dolars would be to the credit of the State. ' .v . * _ y^fr ___ " ' To illustrate' what we are saying: a fetv days ago we were riding along - and noticed a gang of men at?no we started to say atwork, but to be more, accurate, we saw a gang pf men putting Jin time; therefore ten or more hale and hearty mci\ fooling arounh on the hard surface, dividing the road at. curves with a white-paint line Tor . .some, distance, so that drivers would stay on their side in rounding curves. O, the idea of placing the line, was and is a grand one. No doubt many --wrecks have been avoided by the lines .being-there. But what-1 want tosayj when it takes ten men with paint buckets in one-hand, brushes in tho ther going from curve to curve not -Ln the least bit o?._burry; wall in tSict if they had been working for a private concern and going at tilt pace I they were, they would all have been lirod in 40 minutes after they started. But why spend the people's money * in such "a Way ? ' We" Bet "Thai each one of those men collected wages not i less than $2.50 or $3.00 per day, ai , side from the "Boss' that means from $25 to $30 per day. If they put in 200 days,: that-means. $5,000 yearly for road marking. Well, the citv of Greenville marks her streets in the same way, lay out parking, spaces and around dangerous curves,' But the - .uty of Gvoonville, not having millions coming in from cut of . the people's 1 pockets in tax, sent some where or ' got a jack leg machinist here totpiakc one 'and purchased a simple small = machine with"wheels -arid handles and ' a container to hold the paint and a Brush~s"o nrraged underneath, that all one man has to" do is to "put the'elbow ! grease, to it and push n little. The thing rolls along and makes the mark machine, which I doubt cost over l $2,50?makes more marks in one day than that bunch with buckets and '.1 brushes would make in a week. I know the chairman of the city street ! j,committee .would gladly inform the M highway department as to who makes I those markers. Careless extravagance, no eaje about economy is what is the matter, and if things continue it won't be long till the legislatturemen, when elertcl will -9- ' * , '' ? TO LEADER she will'have tltOM. I don't curu what f they may be named?it's comini?.Watch! * . 4 The Fool. ' VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN NEt OHO BC'HOOLS IN SOUTH U ' CAROLINA Roy. Gordon is still holding forth at I Ellpree. The boys have large pro-_j Jtvts, nad iliey are UUIi? to dltiOUSJi III*' -TelligenUy the reasons for perform-ing thc major operations on theirj projects. Miss Amanda Finch is the (.Amn . ? moriul, Ellorce, Great Branch and-Rocky Swamp against a picked nine from* all other vocational agricultural classes in the State. What team i-v.uC-win? j- " * ' John P. Burgessg'"v [- ; ? : t s__ Wfnnsboro Netys j , . : ' ' ; r Our business in Winnsboro isstilF" progressitvg. Our schools and churches ;tp .showing an improvement. The -eoinmehce exercises of the city high 1 school "will soon begin. The work Ahis year has been carried out very successful under the direction of Priri. \V. A;..Ross and faculty. t ~7 ' ?? . -~ Dear readers, bear in mind that the j county sumnu^ school will, goon ^egin and we extend a cordial invitation to all teachers who desire to attend; Mr.- H. V. Johnsfin" took leave Fri\ day for 'Philadelphia, Pa., where he will spend the summer.: . 'Misses Dennis, Gilmore,. Smith and .-Valentine ~snent the week-end out of j tlie city. . . I. Mr. . J. Boulware's family and friends motored to Great Falls. Sunday . :??r?:?: r? Mi", and Mrs. Gunter and friends ft - m Colombia spent Sunday in our city with their mother and father, . .'t.vand .urs. u. Bl'OWli. . The Odd Feliows-Lodge-Jiad their thanksgn ing service at Zion Church ..Sunday. Rev. Steele preached the sermon lot' the occassion. Sunday night, a mothers' day program was rendered at Wayman A. M. The Royal Knights of King David gave a banquet at the Odd Fellows I Jail, Monday night and a large crowd attended. A very delightful course ] ol' refreshments was served. Prof. C. O; Mcintosh returned home ' from' Bettis Academy, Trenton, S. C. to spend a few weeks. Mr. Mcintosh worked as instructor at Bettis Academy during the past term and reports a very successful school yeur. While yiroute home, he spent a few days in , Columbia with his aunt, Mrs. Alice Johnson, 746 Laurel St. We are glad to have him with us again. Mr. G. Millings is improving after having an operation lately. We hope he continues. _ Mrs. E. Darby; an old and faithful : citizen.-L I he funeral services were ~trdd Monday at 11:00 A. M., and .the remains were laid, to rest in Winns-' , boro Cemetery. We extend the" bereaved family our deepest sympathy. Sl'lNGARN MEDAL NOMINATION CLOSE ON MAY 15 New York, May 6 Nominations fori this: year's award of the Spingarn ' Modal close on May 15, it was an- < nolmeed today by the National Asso- . "( iotion for the Advancement of Color- [ otl "People, <>t> Fifth Avenue, and all ' to ho eniisideu'd?must lwt In"~ on that day. The Committee on A- ? -word of j-ho. Modal moot a nt the N, A. J A. C. P. on .Tune 2. * All names submitted should be ac- * companied by a statement of the a- ; award is asked and by a brief bio- !! graphical not of the nominee. Nomi- ^ nations should h^addressed W Bishop * John Hurst, Chairman of Committee on Award, N. A. A. C. P., 69 Fifth < Avenue, New York City. ; < - fL*. ...... e^+rza+i 1* *. ?. -A ?GKEENWOOD LOCALD. 4-i Miss Ila Fair was a pleasant visi-.j tor to the city last week-end. Friends of Mr. B. J. Ramsey, Jr.,.| i of Jtahwayi-N. J. will sympathize with j : him in the los^ of his wife at their home last Thursday, May Gthi?In- - ivriitw WUIIUHiaa ICULUtT. t ? * " I The' .Senior Kmitb-Hiiphpg flnit with. a few other young men of the College, i under the direction of>'W. W. Wilkinsj an<j W. T.-Calhoun, ~ instructors in . sj-actively, have recently nrstalled a' I water system in the teachers' home at Great Branch. Milbia Johnakin: teacher of Agriculture at Dunton Menuu'itil yiohuuh leek?hrs?advanced nVs-s nut to see the work in progress. . -.This shows that the vocational teach' ers are interested in makihg the burden of the farm home lighter aS well -"fts-itr- inercascdproduct ion. Tlje merchants^ of the town have ' contributed liberally toward prizes j Cunferenc ,, to be bold Jnm> " 11?_ia^ V ? -- -- ?? ; Ijach school should have some represehratlvC present," As Dr. Wilkinsori said in his message to you, this will j be a working Conference, but there i will ho time for play. One big feature will be a game of base ball between a nicked nine from rmhtrin Mo_ xerment was in New Jersey. MrL JGCO. H.?Hatnplun?spent?last Sunday in. the city visiting -friends.! iiast End Graded School played a TTtr tttct of-base ball in Elboi'ton, gi.,i against thn Highjschool team Prof..... V. A. Heard made the trip with the boys and reports a very satisfactory game despite the fact that the score of 8 to 2-waa-4n?favor-of -thegia" boys: Little David ami May me Jean Gambrell after several weeks stay with their aunts, RTFs.: Hattie \Veir - and j Miss Maymc L. Williams have returnedd to their.home in Spartanburg. Miss Helen Eugenia Powers for-! merly of Greenwood but how living in-Asheville,. N. C., came down last^Sunday to Visit her tfrajidparents, Mr. and Mrc. Frank Tuokor. i. Mr. Irvin^Moore who is now work- j ing in Asheville, N. C., plying his f trade?Brick masonry snent last' Sun- i day with the home folks. Mrs! Ida Blunt of Macon, Ga., is visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Rolit. Williams on Magnolia Street. The City schools aro in tfteirclos- j ing weeks. Next week munfertile j beginning of the East End Graded school, exercises, when on the 20th tho Primary grades' will 'have their exercises at Mt, Pisgah Temple A.M. E. church. " . _ 1 . Rev. E. R. Anderson was seen in the city last Tuesday, having been invited to preach at the "Home Coming" services of Mt. Pisgah. Church News. Mt. Pisgah A. M. E. Church, Mothers' Day . was very fittingly observed last Sunday. It also marked the beginning of Home Coming Week that will continue through rSucdayji* May 15 th. The- Rev. Geo. "A. Singleton was truly master -of the situation as he ~ in a mostr; logical; yet siniple way ~ ?poke on "Home ComiTig"-ns regards-our christian activities. Quite a con [ course people were present at this SPrvinc nn<l ? J ' , v vi^ vuv acviucu moveu to tears during the service. either front, the outpouring df the spirit that it?was everywhere manliest or ~ for thoughts of a mother. At the evening service Rev. Ram- ( sey, Sr., who was the Presiding Elder at the time of the organization of Mt. Pisgah, spoke very fittingly on the ''Choice of a Master." Qni Monday night, the second .day ; of tne "Home Coming'' observance, , Rev. W. H. Halyard spoke on the. Christian's -Inheritance. The sermon \ showed thought and preparation and proved a spiritual benefaction to' all present. At the close of the sermon ( t Greenville Summer^ i . _ | GREEN VIL I" June 6?Ju $ Approved "by-State Dcp $ Courses, Primary, Gi-ammaj $ will be granted for aatisfact % registration and. regular atter | For Particular: | , MRS. L. L. SEWELL or M X V. Phyllis Whea a Oreenvilh x?- 7 | SUMMER I | } State Agricultural anc | ORANGEHL | June 20lh to Jt I . Five Weeks of Six Davs Each f COURSES OFFERED GIVE C X Renewing Gertifieates CoHrj 'f* /Ratcirw* A T 1 A faculty of approximately |?hoad? of departments and'spot ,< courses in 8 departments of t % SPECIAL COURSES for mil ? certificate credit with the Sta { in Primary, intermediate and Y ? f -ehool student^ \vhr) wrsh+oTi t VOCATION A E TEACHERS i*?gricultnro, ITome Economics. F ? fAMfnirnin w iin\iihi\ ? cellent fare, .congenial surrour t\ Tuition, board and entrance fee \ CONFERENCES: School ? Clubs, Farm and Home Demons ? Agriculture and Home Eeonom I* RECREATIONS: Plays, C ? tures and Enlertainrrrents. BULLETIN containing full d ? other necessary facts.is ready f. Inquiries and, requests mav r~ ~ ? R. 9. WILK1NS( "0 3 0 3 "no q q |j0 p :o:.r(J^n^70Q, * - ^ Saturday, May 14, 1927 IUi- T r lVnllnr gpnl.-<> nn Hie F.-irK' ^ lIis':ory of Mt, Pisguh Temple! 'This was followed bye a beautiful solo by. Mrs. Celestine Martin; As usual she captivated her hearers. The sprvirg ^vill continue throughout the week Uuad we shall Say more next wek, ?,? Morris Chapel Baptist Church ?Under the leadership of Rev. W. T. ^ u in4?wiis, iae cnurcn IS going onward. The Sunday services were un , ns:n:.llv tr.uwl AI thn mnrniii.r .-or 4th verse. The sermon was ? tuft, of thought and highly, tional to all presents At the evenmt?--teEvk'e-the pastor again brought a 'wonderful message to his hearers. The -Sunday school takes first rank among any in the stato. Mofp than 500 are?enrolled. It has twenty Fl5Ssos,? two of which contest each . V Sunday for _ the banner. Last Sun day classes 17 and 18 raised $30.25 and $35.12 respectively. The church ffliull' n lllgn mnvh also in collections?~~ thi'V ?i\ypUf'd Hw> Snnrhiy grhool's-Collection to th(. extent that SlOP.Pl was collected for the "day. MT. C A It M ETTA-AI. E. CntRCH~ NOTES Owir.gs. S. (.. .way H? -ijlfl {H'UDlU ' in general seemed to realize the im- . portahee in going ?to church. There soem^v be~a new day Rt-thia__jipint. The churc. hwas filled to its capacity. Sunday School opened at the usual hour. The superintendent being absent, Mrs. E. M. Owens~eonducted the service. Hie lc.ssoiTWas reviewed by Rev. Owens. '? . The usual service began at~T2:00 M.j First hymn 101 was- sung. Prayer was offered by; Pro. Miller. Hymn 3Gl> \yas sung. Scripture lesson, St, l.uke 15:1-11), \vas read. The pdstor , took his text from Ruth 1:16, using ns a subject "The right-choice." Rev. Owens was at his best. He followed?:? his subject from the beginning to the end. giving many illustrations. Thu. funeral of Si5tor- Snltfc "Davis was held at 2:00 P. M. The service srypd by Rev. Cheeks of the Mt. Zion Baptist Church, Fountain Innj S. C. After the- funeral. -Rev. Owens and ? family went to Mt. Vernon to attend . a district meeting which proved to be a success. -Hfit.-lO was raised. At night Rev. | Owens?and 'choir ^ tist Church .to preach for Rev. Mit lw.ll Sister Brookie;Moore ,rs still on the c' sick list;" AN'o wish for her a speedy recovery., . j- . " We will have our educational drive >n tlve fourth Sunday. We will have some of the best preachers of the j i .aureus'''District to preach for us. Several choice choirs .will be* hereto ?;11.<g for us. :?:?i Come and help us make it. a success. * *~ V lehool For Teachers * C. ? y ily9,1927 '?:? ? . . *r - A . artmcnt of Education ; { ; and 11Ijrliy School. " Credit ory Work foHowmg; prompt *1) idance. - ^ ? . X . 5", Address? -?~~ i 77$ ttS. HATTIE fHCKETT tley Center .j . _ . : , ?J - - ? SCHOOL f: x I Mechanical College | KG, S. a . * nr23ra7T92T ~ p . v ' ' j x ?Six Weeks t>f Instruction H'.I'OIITL'NITY FOR? X go Credit Towards Degrees X ig up College Deficiencies jj; / 45 instructors, including %* dalists win oiler at least 50i he college. -X? die school teachers desiring ?* te Dcparment of Education $ ligh school grades, and high $ ? repare for eolTofre. >; ?; DRAINING COURSES in A-. '-ends and Industries. ?? ;C, ACCO!\IOI)A 1 IONS, ex- f. idings,'individual > for tire session only $28.00 { Principals,, Boys and 'Girls ? (ration Agents, Teaebers of X tics, X 'oneerts^ Exhibitions, Lec- **' T,r^~ X / escription of courses and all ? for distribution. ? X be addressed tX )N,: President * ? -? ? . - -- X <~xk~xk~x~x^"x~x~x?x"x?*>^ 1