Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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griy^P < ' or fill: * ' ' HON. MI LL15DG E L^ONHAM 5 ;-y i OF SOUTH CAROLINA, | In the House of Representatives of the I U- S., May 9, 1858. < on the THE KANSAS CONFERENCE COMMITTEE BILL. ? The Ilouaobuingiii Commttee of the Whole? , Mr. DONIIAM said: , Mr. Chairman, I did not, for various reasons, participate in the debate on the Kan- t sas Senate bill ; nor did I expect to take i part in the disscussion of any branch of. t that question. On the pnssngo of the Con- g c. u:it r ... i <i... I IVIUIIUU u III, i IIIUWU lliu pictivuo but forcboro to occupy tlio time of the f Jlouse to give my reasons for my vote, j Perhaps I should not have troubled this t House at nil with the3Q^ri$p>on9. But a few t days after the passage of the bill, my honor- a able colleague (Mr. 1Joyce) delivered a , speech in reply to the honorable member from l Mississippi, (Mr. (jnitmau) in wtiQse view I i concurred, and who and inyBcIf alone of all |, the Southern Democrats stood with the op- (J position on that question. I do not com- i plain of the course my colleague thought n proper to pursue. > Hut that, with other sub- ^ sequent -events, makes it due to my consti- g tucuts as well as to myself, in 1113' own judg- <| inent, that I should ask the indulgence of 0 the House whilst 1 now briefly state those j reasons. i ] The argument fur and against the Senate i ,, 73111 had. been exhausted in a discussion ex- ! e hibiting a degree of abililv seldom surpassed ! ? in these deliberative bodies. And 1 tliinlc ! an impartial posterity will bear me out when i I say that the preponderance of the argu- ?| ment was"largely in favor of the advocates ? of the bill. To my mind it was conclusive- c ly proved that the constitution of Kansas j i had come up to lis with all the sanctions 1 j requisite to a valid constitution. The en- ! i tire Democratic . party, with the President j s hI its head, ('he Douglas Democrats except- 1 o ed) endorsed it. It was clearly shown, by , f< precedents and sound argument, that the ' ji convention had the right to submit that i L constitution to the people for ratification or ' t I'liiiX'linn in twirl in 1I1.1 u.I...I/> --M- 1 . ... !' ?J M "I IJUk ?lb all y I (1 and in either evcnt.it would be binding on j il Kansas and acceptable to us. That she had f( not the requisite federal population, and . e was presenting herself without a formal en- r abling act, might, and ought, under all tiie j o circumstances, to bo waived, was conceded j a by all?denied by none. It was not nues- | n tioncd that she would agree to abstain from li the exercise of all right of taxation, and that ' 1 the extraordinay claim of seventeen millions ! e of acres of land o^er and above what other j ft States similarly situated had received,: tl would be abandoned, and the four millions ! t gladly accepted. The Senate bill was the t; embodiment, as was supposed by its advo- j o cates, of all that was useful ami needful for ' n linr admission 'I'lio (Imon 1 '< - * ?~ 'Jiivwn-J ULJU aiUUliU* I I ment was distasteful to many ' of us ; t but to secure unity of action among the v friends of Kansas, it was acquiesced in, after j t some ratifications. This amendment was, j v however,*a concession which brought no r strength to the bill, but on tho contrary j weakened it; for it leil the opponents of the i t bill to hope for further concessions on.a s conference upon the disagreeing votes of j j the two Houses.**- It was, however, consid- i I orcd by many, that, although we might, in 1 I the language of the lato lamented Evans. I i bo'fighting for a shadow, so far as any ulti- i 6 mate good could come to the Southj \ nevertheless, we were contending for 'a j t principle of vital importance,' viz1? the ad- ] mission of a State with a pro-slavery consti-1 t tution; the importance of which principle ] was enhanced by the fact that such adrnis- s sion m'iglil prove?though T do not myself r think such would have been necessarily the I case?a barren victory to the South ; and j that in proportion as sho would gain but i little by it, so much the greater the wrong t to the South of refusing Kansas admission t with the Lecomplon constitution. The pas- v page of the bill was opposed by the Repub- v licans, oil the ground of the slavery feature i in the constitution. The Douglas" Demo- j crats opposed it, niiiinlj*, as thev alleged, on ? tbe.ground that the whole constitution was I, not submitted. But I think they deceive v themselves. I say it with respect, as I do t not mean to assail the motives of gentle- t men, the force and power of abolition feel- c ing at home unconsciously and impercepti- i s bly operated upon their judments. The \ s precedents of the ratification of the federal j constitution by the thirteen original States ' 1 by their respective conventions alone, with- [ t out submission to the people, and the adop- j n tion of their State constitutions, by more :i than half of the States of this Union, in the r same manner, it would seem, ought to have s been sufficient to have determined this ques- jtion in the mind of any unbiased person. L The Democratic party, however, with a c portion of Southern Americans, were satis- i fied with the constitution upon both the . slavery clause and the question of 6iibmis- s sion, and should, therefore, have insisted t upon the adoption of the Senate bill. They j would ultimately have succeeded. But if c they had failed, then, on the defeated Sen- c ate bill, they would have gone to* the coun- s try-with a hotter issue than on the victori- s ous conferencor" bill. ' a "JJut, 6ir, the Senate bill was defeated, and ' 1 n conference committee, at the request of'j the Senate, was appointed. After many I c meetings and much disagreement, they re- I ported the bill, the merits of which 1 now j propose to consider. c The first objection to the bill is, that it i 6ubmiia ,vhole Lecompton constitution I bacltV& the people of Kansas for adoption < jt.li! kL.J *' * wngraiiuir ui ucspue or lire declaration of tbe people," in convention assembled, thnt c the; deseed admission, at once, under ibnt t constitution.. The first section ol tlie bill f provides that tfip admission of Kansas shall f be dependent 00 'th6 fundamoutal condi- I tjoir ptecedbnt,* tliht (he people of Kansas r shall accept a specific proposition contained t in-stedlaniee of the bHl respecting lands, a Caxes,&c. , The jjjill provides further, on a Y mjijofiiy vrdtiog 'preposition accepted,' at c no election to*be held, 'the President .of the r Uoiled States Aall announce tbe same by a prteUtrt^tW \ and thereafter, and" Without t any further jjrocegdjngs on the part jafCon- t um u^iHMssmn oj ine oiaie Qf Kan- a sdHnio iU.Union, upon bn equal footing * with the original State*, in all respects 1 whjtevart.shan be complete and abaolotei.' t "WDnitj'on the ol^r hand, if'a majority of votes ca?t&6'f8r prfipoaitioc rejected, it sbalt a b? i -- ' fVte-W . *.>. Bii^lMrTfrKf* " ? . 11 il 11 ,his statement nlono not make it palpable to; .lie plainest understanding that, though not 11 bo many word*, this is virtually n subuifijr sion of the constitution ? It docs not niat.er whether the voting bo on tho land grant, ho taxing power, etc., or some totally inJill'ercut question ; still, if tho result bo that Kansas, with tho Lecoinptou constitution, would, on the one hand, be admitted, and jn tho other rejected, by reason of-that ' oft', unquestionably, tho constitution is virtually submitted back to the people for -aliOcatioti or rejection. Besides, if it wero intended to submit ho propositions growing out of tho ordi junco alone, why introduce into the bill he words "admission of iboSlnto of Knows into tho Union,' ?fcc\, at nil ? Again, the Douglas Democrats, ns boora stiUpd, based their opposition to tho sonato uill mainly upon the ground of the ion-subriijft9ion*<of tho wholo constitution to he people. What other feature, then, I isk, is it in the conference bill that cotnnended that bill, rather thin tho Senate ill, to the support of tho English branch of i he Douglas Democrats ? Surelv not that I en t tire which proposes to admit Kausas tiriler tin; Locomptou constitution upon the >eople, at tlie approaching August election, jiving a majority for "proposition acceptd but if, on the contrary, they should ;ive n majority for "proposition rejected,' proposition rejected,' proposes to keep thoni >ut indefinitely ! Hut, sir, as to the construction which the 'n.rliili Krfio..!. ^r ll.n T VX..~loc = o Vlllil^a VI IIJU l/UU^IUQ l/VIUUVyl llio j lace on,,lliis bill, we i?re nut left to infer- | lice alan?. 'The naked and unqualified ad- j uission of,Kansas under the Lecornpton j onstitution,' said Mr. Knglisli, in present- ! ng the Conference report to the House, j lie could not vole for that "before Kan- ! as is admitted her people ought lo ratify, ! tr, at least, have a fair opportunity to vote < ipon, the constitution under which it is | noposeu lo admit Dor thai 'lie would j nake reasonable concessions provide*] tlio ub.Uance bo secured ; which is the making f the constitution, at an early day, eoujrm lo the public will, or, at least, that the rivillege and opportunity of so making it, >c secured to the people hoyoml all <)tiesion.' It would puzzle human ingenuity to iscover anv other meaning in these words, li in thai Mr. I?ngli>h considered the Con- ! ireiice bill as in effect submitting the whole j onstitutiou to the people lor acceptance or ; ejection. Would, Mr. Knglish, or any i tlier advocate of the bill, have voted for i u amendment declaring it was not a sub- 1 nission ? I apprehend not. Mr. (jroes- j ieck and Mr, (Jox, of the same wing of the | )ouglas party, and Mr. Gilmer of the Southrn Americans, Baid they regarded it in cfict a submission. All the opposition say, liat it is a virtual submission. Other disinguished members of the commitle, it is rue, say that there is no submission of the onstiluliou to a vote of the people. The lenibers of the committee disagree. We are herefore, free to place our own construcion upon the bill. To my mind, it is a irtual submission of the constitution back o the people for acceptance or rejection, yhich view I think I have shown to be cor<?c?. The rr.ost plausible argument in favor of he conference bill, which I have heard or een, is, that if Kansas, by rejecting the reposition in the conference bill, shouUl >e kept out of the Union ; still, if she had >een unwilling lo accept our proposition, in he Senate bill, she would, in that event, alo have been out of the Union ; and that ve could compel her 16 come in. That is rue. But, it was admitted on this side of louse?denied by no Democrat so far as ny knowledge or information goes?that iansas would have assented to our proportion contained in the Senate bill. It was eanonable?the same that was made to Minnesota?and Kansas ask no more. Iler >roposition was unreasonable, and such as 10 Stale ever laid claim to before. It was icver questioned lhat, on the passage of lie senate Dili, tnc legislature of Kansas would be convinced ; that her Senators vould bo elected ; and that they and the neinber elect, would, as soon thereafter as iracticabie, take their scats. Noiv, the intant that tliese delegates should have ta;en their seats, Kansas would, I submit, vith confidence in tho view, have been in he Union with the Lecompton eonstituion?there would have been an acceptance if our proposition and an unconditional asent to the terms of the Senate bill, by such ending ot delgates? a waiver to all intents | mil purposes, of all light to lax the pubic lands; and an abandonment of any claim o land itself beyond the four millions of icres. No one, up to the failure of the Scale bill,saw any difficulty as to the ordilance, which was in lact no part of the contitution ; and there was no reason to 8upiosc there could be any ; for Kansas had icrself proposed tocomo in with the Leompton constitution, aud would have been n, .and been received by Congress oernber of the Confederacy, by the act of ending her Senators and member hero to ake tticir 6caU *, ajid need never again (and >robably would uot) bave alluded to her rdinance." 5fo<Vbte by her people, in such ;ase, would have been necessary to ndinision. Or, she might, if she had preferred o to do, through bcr State legislature, have issembled a convention, and through that lave abandoned her ordinance, and have iccepted our proposition. In the other :ase, by the Conference bill, the people of vans,is must vote a gain y beforo they can jut into the Union under the Lecompton institution. Her remaining out, under tho Senate bill, would have been voluntary on ler own part; hut her being out, under the Conference bill, is compulsory on ours. But suppose Kansas had said wo will some into the Union, and will send our lelegatcs to take their seats, will _ 7 ? ... uv^uait; is to ibo questions of taxation, the land jrants, She would unquestionably lave thus beou in the Union. You could lot have refused her admission. If, then, he terms of adjustment could not have been igreed upon between the parties, who would lave been the arbiter ? The United State* ourts, who could have done nothing more tor Jess than have decided thaUKansas bad iOqjtfisced in our oroDowiibn. If Tfan??? iatTbeen content with the decision, that pouUI have been the end oLtfae matter. If he had insisted upori Iier^>ropbsUion, sbe vould thereby have placed herself out of;lJje Jnion, and woul^.havf bad to forego the >enefits thereof, Bulsuppose she had said, upon the pasnffA of llw fUn??? >:l1 1 * ___ _ VIII) lUV prwerrea st?y I ng out of the theterros 9 admission. It is supposed that the riglTt to tax the public lands is nn attribute of 'sovereignty of which Kansas could uot bo deprived, or deprive herself, and yet bo 'acftnitted into the Union on nn equal footing with the original thirteen States in all respects whatever.' It must be borne iu mind that the difference botween the original thirteen Stitygs nikl the Territories is very marked. ?hbsc States were independent sovereignties, possessed of eminent domain outside of the ,TJnioD, and anterior to the adoption of the Federal Constitution. The sovereignty of mo j errilones, on the contrary, is in the States ot this Urron?tbe right of taxing the public lands along with it. Now it seeins, as has been done ,again, and again, that Congress inny> reserve this sovereign right of taxation in fctbo enabling net, or in tho act admitting a State, carved out of these Territories. But if we grant the posi tion to bo true, that the JSHlhdrawal of the sovereignty of tlio UujJM^St^es confers uponjt new State at ftneft tln^wBovereign right of^^xation, still K.tTisas, ajfc^nany of the other States have done, ijji^hLjtv'niv?; tin* exercise of it in consideration of the Ian 1 grants and other advantages arising from incorporation in the Union. It is is further said for the Conference hill that its lirsL clause admits Kansas into the Union. That clause is qs follows: 'That the State of Kansas be and is hereby admitI,.,I tl.a IT r.n ?... .. 1 .... V.L..J; ?.K. iho original Stales in all i expects whatever.' Tho Crittenden Montgomery amendment does tho same thing in the same won!?. 1 Jut what is such admission in the Conference bill worth when the bill goes on to prescribe a condition precedent which mint he fulfilled before she is admitted, and failing to which, she will not be admitted, and will ncecr hurt been admitted f There is a con dition to be performed, precedent load mis sian. J low can the Stale be said to be unit admitted into t i< I n i< ?n tvli.?n ^t?.. ic - .1-1 llie bill, your people must volo again, ami i! they don't vote 'proposition accepted' yon in list slay out of the Union till vou have the federal ratio, after which you may form :i new constitution, and then 'be entitled load mission into the I'uionasa Slate uutici such constitution ? l)oes any one pretend I lmt Kansas is now actually in the Union'! This bill in truth subjects the constitution to;i vote of rejection. Indeed, i'.s adoption by Congress was the adoption of a measure ol exclusion, for the result of the volo of the pco pie of Kansas uudor the Conference bill, in August next, is scarcely now problematical. No, sir, so far from Kansas being admitted we are no nearer the end of our difficulties now, than we were before the passage of tin Conference bill. Kansas will send tij to us next winter, in all probability a free State constitution, formed by ii convention callcd by tho Territorial Legis lature, having tho other sanctions of tin Lecompton constitution, (exceptso far asil will be restricted by the Conference bill a? to the federal ratio,) with the addition of liav ing been subniitted, entire, to tho for theii approval. And I now ask,gentlemen, will that Constitution be rejected by Congress 1 1 think not. This conference bill will thus secure to the opposition within one short year,and if not so soon, at some day not very distant, the victory for which they have from the first contended, ami the South be shorn the triumph of principle in having a slave State admitted. li is ciaimeu, moreover, mai mc VJonter ferenee bill recognises ilie right of a slave State to admission. The Crittenden Montgomery amendment can lay claim to equal merit ; for that bill provides for theadmis sion of Kansas under the Lecompton con stitution, if upon kthat constitutional instru ment, being first submitted to a vote of tlx people, a majority eball assent thereto. Uul to what end is this recognition in cithei bill ? What Republican would ever hav? supported the (Jrittendcu Montgomery amendment but for the certainty that the Lecompton constitution would never again have seen Congress ? And what Dourrla; Democrat would ever have supported the Conference bill but for its securing virtually to the people of Kansas tlie opportunity o! voting down the Lecomptoo constitution 2 This bill is further objeetiouablc as not being inanlv, straight forward measure. *1l is to bo constructed one way in one section of the Union, and a different way in the opsite section. This double construction prevails here, already, as I have shown. It if a mode of legislation I cannot admire?one which can never result favorably to the establishment of sound principles, or in bene fit to the weaker section. To preserve tinconstitutional rights of the South in this Union, the legislation should be plain?unmis lakeable. I further object to this hill because, in accepting that, instead of making our stand upon the defeated Senate bill, we abandon' ed the'-question, in tliis case, of the admis sion of a slave State norj.li of 36 degrees 00 minutes?a concession which, it strikes me the South should have avoided even the appearance of making. It is no answer to say that the Southern Stales, which were committed to secession in the event of the rejection of a slave Stdte, would have receded from their position because of the fact thfft the anti slavery parly. Those States would have been then in no worse condition than they are now. The people ol me whole Soull) would have-felt indignant at tlio rejection of the Senate irill; for it bad been made plain to litem that if rejected, it would be owing to the slavery clause contained in the constitution. The conference bill faintly purports to recognise the principle that a slave State may be admitted, and thus furnishes t'ue ground,, though such was not the purpose of its advocates, upon which the lone of the South will, I fear, bo let down from its former elevation. But gentlemen say the conference bill is a better bill than the ScDa?fe bill. Had it been submitted as an amendment to th?ft?n. ato bill at the timo wo expected to pas3 the Senate bill, by a Republican or even a Democrat, I doubt ifitwoyld have received the support of ton Southern Democrats. It would have been regarded, as involving the abandonment of the positions taken in the Senate bill. What makes H a better bill 1 Is there anything in tbo bill itself, dr in its passage, from which the most sanguine can augur the future admission a slave State from the Territories north of 80 degrees 30 minutes?or even south! Rather the contrary. . , v;. ^ ; As for myself Mr. Chairman, I see no reason to doabttbe correctness of ray convictions, but much to oonfirm it. Ivoted afcamet the measure with regret at.sepaste' ting from my colleagues and so er true Southern' men; but-*Ui> vfew^ I should do din tliin? ?!? ' i?lift same circaputances. The bill Soifcnaf&da no more my Approbation now than it did *t jybe time of it* passage. I voted, it la tw(0, with my honorqblo friend from for tli?; motion Itf hf Updo lb4~lbDfoffiWoA-:.; am jOi. - lion to reconsider tlio voto by which the j bill was passed ; thus indicating our iudia- U position lo protract n contest in which wo b< differed from so many of our friends. But ui if any practicable good could hero beou at- m tuincd by the amendment of the conference pi bill, or by the substitution of the Senate bill, p or something more desirable, of course wc t would have voted for tho reconsideration. I do not recognise mere party success and nl party supremacy as paramount to all con- Ul siderations of principle. I would concede M 'i ihucli for tho harmony of tho party I nm ^ I acting with?a great deal for the harmony j (1| ! of tlio party of the South?but what I : t( would concede must fall short of the con- i | cession of principle involved, in my con- I ,, ception, in the conference bill. I 'xv I think these measures uliouM bo fairly ), canvassed, in order ihul the South shall 8( clearly comprehend them, nnd realize the _ 1 complexion of her probable future. But she ! J can now make no issue upon them with the J ^ North, nor can the making of such issues at j the South be productive of any good there.; . I Moreover ; much as I dislike the measure, | I I have no words of complaint against those j <" who felt it their duty to support the con- C ference bill. Tliev are as deeply interested in, and as true to, the interests of the South ^ as I, and probably belter judges of her best j policy. This whole Kansas controversy but | m exhibits the difference of opinion which will j exist among gentlemen who look with equal ! j( i .solicitu<l<: to the welfare of their section. J The Conference bill is now the law of the ! _ i land. The South is in the Union with no j I issue before the country tending to its iin- j / mediate dissolution. Jler policy should be f< 1 kept steadily in view the taking of her des- < | j tiny into her own hands when the occasion I j which requires it shall present itself, and in the moan time, to gird lior loins lor the I race which is set before ber by tbe High > Priest of Republicanism, and to co-operate j < 1 I with that party, which alone of the two ; * 1 j great parties of the country professes to 1 abide by the Constitution as our fathers Ivll j ! | it to us,so long as that party is true to (he J 1 ; constitutional rights of the South. 'J lie ! j next two yeais will decide the fate of this j s Union. The Democratic parly, somewhat ! ? 1 ; crippled by its division on the Senate bill, j though perhaps not to be subjected to a 1 ! Waterloo defeat, is the last hope of those j 1 i who think the rights of the South can be ' i" f i preserved in the Union. The battle of pre-1 v ti.kti.i i r.i.? r..? ii.? ! J j-vuuvi.iiivv III llillliucin Ul IIIC UfL' V?*.I : 1 slave Sta'cs, it is true, 'ks been fnu'jht <ni<l j j icon.' 1'uit the battle of preponderance i? J f > the two Houses in Congress between the j ,, 1 1 friejjds and enemies of the Constitution is ; . ' i nmv upon the country. If the Republicans ] ' shall win the day, the greatest battle of; ' i them all?the battle in defence of the iiiiti- j ' 1 ' tntions of the South will have to be fought ! ?should the Republicans make, t/ooil thrir j p ' 1 thrents?on another and a different fi?*l?l. j f The discussion of principles is always health- j 1 ful, but n division of the South, at this june- i . ture. into hitter parties on these questions,; . ! would be deeply to be deplored innd should " J earnestly be avoided. Ii is the part of wis- ; dom in her people to profit by the Rhowl1 edge of the past, and to prepare for the I f worst in the future. Mr. Calhoun, in his , t " hist great speech delivered in the Senate,' * ! hecun by buying : 'I have. Senators, he- | f ! lie veil from the first, that the limitation of | t 1 the subject of slavery would, if not prevent- j ed by some timely and effective measure,1 "'end in disunion.' And in speaking of | r : i Washington's example, in deciding to resist ! ( J British oppression he says : 4 We find ! t much in his example to encourage n?, should ; we bo forced to the extremitv of deciding 1 ? l..1 ' ?n. V. t ucmvcil niilJIIIiSSlOII UIHI CISIIIIIOII." J llfU i great statesman an<l pure patriot was then . ! fast approaching his final dissolution. Willi! ' the vision "f a seer, lie predicted the exist: ing state of affair?. And could lie have ( ! j survived, and have heard the announce: ments whii h have been made in this, and in ! I the other end of tho capilol, during the ; j 1 | present session of Congress, ns to the future I ' policy of the Government under Black It0. : publican rule, lie would have said to his . j countrymen, the period is now near at hand f , | when you must decide between 'submission i I and disunion.' t I T.... T> 15- ?'l ? 1 Jin laiUAIi-i LAtI'.. *> IKIL <i nilllU- | > 1 ' * ..if I tude of thoughts crowd upon the mind in j ' the contemplation of BU<il? scgne! IIow j ' I much of the future, e^ron-in its far distant ! : j reaches, rises before us with nil its persua- 1 sive realities! Tnke but one little .narrow < . space of limp, an<Jvj?<^-gffecUng are/iterajsoeiation,s! With^mtHe^flight. of. onft'lfftlf f c^ntnrv, how many ttf the gteat, th& pood, t and theAvtae Will l)C gathered >.hyre ! How I I manjvin tho'lovelitiess of infancy, the beau- j . ly of youth, th^t^tgor of m'riflhoGd, flbdH^e maturity of age, will lie down here, and dwell in the bosogi of their motherJ | The rich and tho po(jr, tho gay? and the t , wretched, the favorites of^housands, and tho J forsaken of tho \vo>ld, the BtrpjigJr'lin his : i solitarv crave. nnd the nntriftrnli annrnnn/1. ' o -* rT i ed by the kindred of a lonjr-Jkleftge 1 How | ninny will here buty# their brightest hopes . or blasted expectations! How many bitter * tears will hero 1>e shed ! How many ag?>- ' ; nizing 6ighs will here be heaved! How * ' many trembling feet will cross the pathways i and, returning, leave behind them the dear- " cat objects of their reverence or their love! i Everett. Our Brain.?One of the most, inconceivable things in the'nature of the brain is, ( that the organ of sensation'should itself be insensible. To cut the brain gives no pain , yet in the brain filone resides the power of feeling' pnuf'ftr any other part of the body. | If tl^e nerve which leads from it to the in- ? jured p^Tt bo divided , it becomes instantly ? unconscious* of suffering. It is only by communication with the brain thnt?ny kind of sensation is produced, yet the organ is insensible. But there is' a oireumstanoe more wonderful stjlU The brain itself tnay bo removed,& out. a way from ft# jorpu8 calaratrt withont destrdyjng life, The animal lives and performs-$11 its functions r necessary to simple vitalttyj bnt no longer has a mind; it can tlifnk or feed ; it requir- ?j. es that the food should b& finished into its B ' atomncl); orfCe there, it is digested, and the aoitiMit will even tlinte and ^rowfat. 1 We i iirfw, tb*?|frjsr .pwtof tha br#ip, J tbeoot.toltitrdna, ia simply i^tetided fer the- o. alled;f^r^^a"r?an, the gift of rcndcD.-y-Wp^an oh 'th^MMy : ^ ij. Notice to Subscribers. poii consultation with our friends of tlic Absvillc lianner we have come to (lie following idcrstnnding : That after the 1st of April, ?xt, we bIiuII charge for all subscription*, not nid within six months $2,60 and 00 if not nid within ono year. Tho pressure of tlie imes has forccd upon us the necessity of tirgig prompt payment upon our Patrons. The mount due us for subscription, are scparalcl istill, but in the aggregate swell to a large iin, and if not promtly paid, subject tis to rent inconveniences. Our payment* arc cash ; iid wo must require our friends to enable us t meet them. lilyiwriiiiioo l?f?? nlao imnr/taon<1 110 u?Wl? 4l?r? ropriety of charging for Obituary .Notices hieh exceed a ccrtnin length ; wild wc shall cnccforth chargc for the excess over one pmrc, at the usual advertising rates. Tlic friends of Capt. (J. M. MATTISOX re[lectfiilly announce him as a candidate for 'ax Collector at the next election. The friends of .IAMKS A. JIcCOltD respectilly announce him as a Candidate for Tax 'ollcclor at the next election. The friends of Dr. .1. F. McCOMK respeetllly announce liini as a Candidate for Tax lolh'clorat (lie next election. Tliq friemla of C. II. ALLEN announce im as a Candidate for Clerk of ttio Court at lie ensuing election. The friends of MATTllKW MeDONiLI) respectfully aiitiouncc him a Candidate r re-election as Clerk of the Court of Genral .Sessione ami Common Pleas, for Abbeville )istrict, at the next election. I imiiiiiii??omnm???b??? A few of the l.otijj Cane friends of W. (I. ?'J-'.KL, would respectfully announce him as a 'andidatc for Sheriff al the next election. 'J he friends of .1A MICS 11. CO]JIi..j*ea|?eetfui y announce liiui as a Candidate for Sheriff at. he next election. C3?"Tlie friends of JO.-iEI'll MOOIti: re|?.'ctfnll v unnounec liiiu a Candidate fur Sheriff ,t the 4-iis-ninj; election. I?}" The friendsof CKOltfiE Wr. KKIIUY espeet fully announce him a Candidate for ihcriff of Abbeville District at tli'o next :lection. IW Thn friends of MATTHEW. It.-G<J< II IAN rospeetfnlly announce liim a candidate or Sheriff of Abbeville District, at the next (lection. 'l'he numerous friends of Col. T. J. >fiKKW'r$ir..ai.?..ir..ii. ? <? ? for Sheriff nt the ensuing election. ?3T The friends of I). AV. IJAW'TllOUN repoet fully announce him ii candidate for Sheriff >f Abbeville District at the next election. MANY FRIENDS. ?3?" The friends of XIMROD SI?:CORD repeetfully announce him tits a Candidate for iheriff at the ensuing election. The friends of S. (!. W. DILL respectilllv announce liiui a Candidate lur Sheriff, at he next. Klcction. ^ ..jjr" T|ie friends of W. \V. (i K1KFIN rafjpectully announce him a candidate for SJicr^ff* at IIU VIllMlllli; CICVllllll, "'? 1#M "MARSHALL, LEE & DeBRUHl'. ' I "Ml K uiulersi^iKMl have associated with them, in. the Practice of the J.nw, 8THPHEX ijul'iRUIIL, lisq. All business entrusted to heir cure will receive prompt attention. J. FOSTER MARSHALL, W. A. LEE. Junuary*12, 1S57. 37-tf BRILLIANT PROSPECTUS! FOtlllTH YKAIt OK TIIB COSMOPOLITAN ART ASSOCIATION. TIIB FAMOUS DliSSELDORF GALLERY OF PAINTINGS! Purchased at the Cost of $180,000! ANI? row Kits' r.KNoWNLD RTATCK OK THE GREEK SLAVE!! to-purchased for nix thousand dollars, with evernl hundred other works of Art, in Painttjqs, Scultpture nnd ltronzos, comprise the Prclntimsto l>c awarded lo the subscribers of the COSMOPOLITAN ART ASSOCIATION, vho subscribe.befOi'C the 28th of January, 1858, it which time the awards will take place. TEIIMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Every subscriber of three dollar* is entitled, to A copy of'-l|>a-larg6?nn<] splendid St'ccl Jf'njraving, entitled "Manifkst Dksti.sy," also to A copy of the Cosmopolitan Art Joukxal >n? your, also t'? A Certiili-nte in the Ayjrtr.d ?f Premiums, aluoA free qdmjtslon to tHar Duaseldorf and C&Sv. n o po 1 i tirtr w?l 1 ^rj^j. 'l hus.il. it scei) ~that for' every three dollars jjid, the subscriber not only receives n SPLENDID TOREE^nptLAirS^GR^^C?! jut, nls^, the beautifully illjistr^ted ^FD(B,L.yHW-v'JaMAL, ONE YEAR; Each eilbscrijjcr ia aljo'lprcaented with; a CerIlVcatc-frfitlie AVaYds of Premiums, by which i viifjiaDlorwoik of Art, in Painting or tirc.'itiny lie rcooiveil in ndilition, thus giving b-evaty.subscriber on equivalent to the value if Jive dollar*, ami a Certificate yrali*. Any one of the leading ?:i Magazines is furliMied, instead of Engraviugjiuii Art Journal, rflesirfctl. No person is restricted to a single share. . ThosO taking five memberships, remitting $L6 ire entitled to an Engraving and six tickets. Full'particulars of the Association urc given in the Art Journal, which contains over sixty plendid engravings, price fifty cent* per num<cr. Specimen copies will be senttoalf persons vho desire t.<> subscribe. 011 receipt of five postige stamp.*, (15 cents.) Address C. L. DERBY, Actuary c. a. a., 648 Broadway, Netn York. Dcc 6?57 S3 6t EDWARD H. BBITTOff. Isite Editor and Proprietor of the Carolina Timet.) COLLECTING AGENT, COLUMBIA, S. C., HVFFERS his services to tbe public as a Colleotof and general business Agent. lie rill receive for. cotloctioji Notes or .Accounts ?r any jwotiqr) of ,tbo State, at tbe usual comlisaious. Office over the Carolina Times Printing ofcej Columbia, 8. C. References will be given if required. Jfcly 28 > : y : r M??m anp 1L?Vfor Sale in f^HIS HOUSE Jlthi'LCyf it sitnnto in a nuicfc L; p*rfc *>ftbe VHfc# he 6welling ? tffl8cjfcntfy Urge to^aceomiBO* ?i? a sot ill inmlly,' w ith alt necessajy Otit? islldingg. The Lot contains something ovor i. Aortl of Lwid ; and ha# * bow And MbAriiial Pence afoond. ' / ' Any perton wi thing to purohase sach a Lot,' ?n receive all iiitonfifttiari relative to^ by tiling at this Office. It will-be sold low and poii good terms. 4 ** Sepfc. 25, 1867. Jgl it ' ' : T \ ]' 1 NtifajEft. One liking Sl^VE for uale T(fI-apply at this c" ,si'. fsgga esss ^?y?e-^Hw W 'Win: schedule; OF GREENVILLE AND COLUMBIA EBVL /Vk. I R^BeVb/U JIBa On and after 23d Hovember, 1857. -*c_r : ? | Arr. | Leave | f STATIOXS. | I A- M.j Columbia, ? , Frost's Mil), ? rr 7 :{? Littleton, o00 Alston, 835 lIop?-8 0-10 9.15 I'o.nario, ' ?;? ?-30 Prosperity .? O^O Mafifott's ^T. O., IH'.Ik J0-.1.? Newberry, ' Jnol ' Helen,,, 1088 10-48 Burton's Tank J? ?2 10 ,58 Kslsj* I!:!!? Its ' 11.40 11.47 Oliap.ilI s, 12.00 12.03 . rtnietySiz, 12.50 12.45 New iMnrkct, 1.05 1.07 Greenwood. l i? i 'ta OMil.T.6.. I'.M \f? Lukesbury, 2.07 2 12 ^ -? | Cokeebury, ^12 ( ~ ) Abbeville, o 57 HhiimoicV, '2.30 2.32 S Don mild!., 243 ? Iluncn Palli, ;J ()5 11 1 Mile T. O., it ?5 Helton, o oq n j h 838 ill ( ;? J Anderson, 4 40 j Willimnstoii, 4 u7 4 ,0 Oolden Grove, 4.07 4.10 I nt*/iAn tfi 11 w.wutiwv, u.tu iu.ua Jtrm mzm itw mr ? 1 Arr. JLeuveJ I stationsTT jHT| flrtoilVDtt. r. nn Jioklcn jtsrave, r?.:iO 5.32 o. 10 0.13 Wv-g ) Anderson, 5.30 ( pa ) Bclton, Uelloii . jfi.^7 6.53 111 Mile T. O., 7.06 7iT)0 1 lotion I'nlli, 7".?7 7.SO Donnabl's, 7.50 7.jit IjjirmorcV, 8,Q4 8.??6 ^ -5 | Abbeville, 7.25 \ C3 J CokpsblilT, R.'J'i t'ukwbiiry, 8.22 R.30 89 MileT 8.40 8.15 ,:r ,v< 8:51 9. no V 0.09 9.12 ^ Si. a 2 9.35 | .. ... io. ia lo.is BoazinanV, 10;2'8 1^.30 Silver Street, :j0.5fi 10.51 Hurton'u Tank, 11.05'" 11.10 Helena, fl.20 11.25 Xewherrv. 11.28 11.35 MuiFctt'ti T. O., J1.43 11.13 Prosperity, n.55 n.57 IJ. M. Potnarin, 12.25 12.2R Hope'8. 12.10 12.42 j Alston, 12.5i? l.dO Littleton 1 ?> : 1 I.OI Frost's Mill, a.U'J 2.0'J Columbia, *" sklij rife out. i>iW (<poi)jj. BROOM & NORMAL, AUGUSTA, G An, > JWz&ojFer their tntire Stock of ?^3- fCKMfe 9 j For tlic remainder of tlic Season at very i LOW 1' II LCE8. *TMIEIII Stock is 1111*1?G 11 ml woll nscnvli?1 ! JL and offer rare attractions to buyer.*.? We are now engaged in the enliy'fienifrnt of our Store, and will lirtVe to give up a {portion of itt'o the workiLen noon, arfd woulVHike to reduce tli'e Stock ns'low as possible before the move. All iu wunCrQf? CHEAP DRY GOODS, Are respectfully invited to give us a call. .1 ue If., IS07. 7 If | DISSOLUTION. TMII5 late Law Firm of McGOAVEN <t PERI 1*1 w u.. 1 ? ...UK.11. CUI13t. ll I, AH business commenced up to this date will.lie. conducted nnd finished by us together uniier the uaine of the old Firm, ns if no Dissolution had taken place. S. McGOWEN. J AS. M. PARKIN. January!, 1857. 85rtf House Builditftg"; rpilE undersigned is ij9rt7piep&rcd',t1p^do all ; X. work en trusted'"^ his o<?re;'in the Build ing Line; to Draw I'lsfhs and ereot all descriptions ?f Buildings, from a ojie-story house to.a Co\irt House. Having received instructions from the best Arcbitevts in the Union, he flatters himself that ilfc'ean have work done in a style equal to atid ?i i? j -v-? v. ?i Reference*.?King ?t Kellum, Architects, {ijrooklvn. New York; Wni. Gainer, Architect, of New York City; I'errvman ?t Wnller, New Market; Dr. Johu P. Iiarratt, Barrattaville. IlENRY JONES: Greenwood, 28-ly BYTHEWOOJ) & COWitf^ GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 204 Exciiakoe Rcnv, - ' COLUMBIA, S. C? ? /-\r> ii.. 6_i . _ r -rt-rx-? r t nrta' -tU V>iv lih! wi ivb/lij mia T also COTTON, WllEAT, BACON, Lard, Whiskey, Sugar, Coffee, Molnsscs.JFIpniy*IWftrci,1 Corn, Hay and Prodgc$ generally. Strict personal attention paid to the sale of any of the above?liberal advances made and prompt returns. Matiikw W. Bytiikwood, James M. Cowan. Aug. 10, 1857 17 tf . Jllorc Books and Drugs! ^l^HE Subscribers have just received their .JL Stock of ifcdicines, Books and Pa nay articles, and are prepared to sell at short profita. ? Wb arn Acrnnfa for tli? sain oflBneries of ST ANDARI? WOHKS, now,in tSTfiourse of pnblicntion, by Ihe AppJetoni -of, Nw York.? Among these are ineluaed V"i" The Debates in Congress from HSjy to 18f .. Benton's Tliirty years' View. ' , Morses General AtJ'ss of the World; from the latest authorities, to 1866. ' Cyclopedia of American Eloquence, witl\ Portraits. ^ /V" The New American GyS?6pcdia. Th a Cyclopedia of Wit and Hftmdrv Edited uy wm. ja. .uurton.. _ 4 Specimen Copies of "the abovarifeorks may bo seen ( our Store, together witir%aiiy other new and elegant Books. U ^e, ar? fe* Orover's A Baker aflE Wll^MJkCHJWE, acknowledged to bethe beat now in uso. nnd tb? Wat" liable tog^otf 6? or^er, >:. Sepfc IT, .4 PRPP>K ?. r', ,??': ?.'?tt*1 rjJ**v?'?f W?E***PEG;3El3** . rpiTE COPARTNERSHIP heretofore exiting . bet^efa Jmd: X W. Living- ' ,. J. w. LIVINGSTON. . Mutcu 31,1867. _ 4&cr"\ . ; ^ '''v '*'V . ' " jft'll.i ' ?,'"| .. . 7 - jordan a molauciilin.. Miir/jli 12, 18^.^ 4C? c^n.-?B-L % i I attention. Persons arriving at.thi* House may feel assured that thoir baggage will be promptly went, free of charge, to the Carolina or to either of the Georgia Depots. We solicit a share of the patronage of those """""h lU""G. C. CUNNINGHAM, MARY S. CUNNING1IAM, Proprietors. December 11,1857. 32 t8 To TVTerVmnioq j " ?-~~t ^uieawio, ctnu manufacturers. IN ANNOUNCING the THIRTEENTH Annual Volume of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, the Publishers respectfully inform the public tliut in order to increuse and stimulate the formation of clubs, they propone to offer One Th'jutnud Fivo Hundred Dollars in Cash Premium* f<>r the fifteen largest lists of subscribers sent in by the 1st of January, 1858 ; said premiums to bo-distributed as follows:? l*ov the largest list, $3110 ; 'id, $'250 ; 3d, $'200 ; 4th, 8150 : Mil, $100 ; 0th, *90 ; 7th, $80 ; Klh, ?70; 9th. ipOO; 10th, ?50 ; lltli $10; l'2th, ?35 ; 1.3th, $30 ; 15th,$25; 16th, i$*20. Names of subscribers can ho sent in at different tiftH's and from different Post Offices. The cash, will be paid lo the orders of the enccessfur%ompetitor?, immediately after the 1st of January tv358. Southern, Western, rind Canada money 'will iic iukcmi tor subscriptions. Canadian subscribers will pK-usc to remit Twenty-six cents extra on each years' subscription to pre-pay poa tnge. Terms of Subscription.?Two Dollars ft Year, or Montli?. Cn'tlFRat?*.?l-'itfe Copies, for Six Month?, ?4 ; l**ivc Copies for Twelve Months, $8 ; Ten C.Qpies, for ^ix Months, ?8 ; Ten Copies for Twelve Months, 15,; Twenty Copies, for jlmuivc ^lonills, F?r nil Clubs ofTwcnty and over, the year ly subscription is only ?1.40. * Tire new volume will bo printed upon fine paper witli new type. The general character of the Scientific Amkhhwx is well known, and ns heretofore, it will be chiefly devoted to promulgation of information relating to the vnrious Mechanical tun! C/mniea/ Art*, Manufactures, Agriculture, Patent*, Inventions. Enr/ineerirtf, Mill U'orA". and all interests which the light of Practical Science is calculated to ad vauec. It is issued weekly, in form for binding ; it contains annually from i)00 to 601) finely executed Engravings. and Notice* of Amnrionn - ? ?? ? IlnproVMnents, together with"' nu Official Listof American Patent- Claims published weekly in ni^vnncc of nlholiier papers. It is" the aim of t^e.^Eilitors of the Scientific American to present all subjects discussed in itM columns in n practical and popular form. They will also endeavor to maintain a candid fearlessness in combating and exposing false theories and practices in Scientific and Mcchnnieal mutters, and thus preserve thecharneter of (lie Scientific Ajikricax as a reliuble Knci'clopiedia of Useful and Kntcrtnining Knowledge. Specimen copies will be sent gratis to any part 01 the country. MUNN ?t CO., Publishers and Potent Aeents, No. 128 Fulton street, New York. Tin; State of Soitlli Carolina* Abbeville Dixtrict.?In Cfie Common Plcan. William Wilson, ) vs. > Foreign Attachment. Jus. A. J.iddcll. J Thomson it t'nir Attorneys. "YXJhcreas the Plaint iflulid, on tlie eleventh T f day of April, eighteen hundred and fifty seven, file his declaration against the Defendant, who, it is enid, is absent- from and without tliclimits of this State. nnd linn or wife nor Attorney known wittili- the Game, upon wlioin a copy of the said declaration might lie served? it is therefore ordered, that the said De fondant do Appearand plead to tliofinid declaration, on or lieforc the twelfth day of April, eighteen hundred nnd fift3*-eipht, otherwise final nnd ohsolute judgement will then be given nnd awarded Against him. MATTIIKW McDONALD, c. c. p. Clerk's Cftico, April 11, 1857 61?)y The State of South Carolina. 1 A DBE.VJLL E DISTRICT. Office Court off (Common PlcMflni^CfjhC.l Sftfion* Jatqgs T.Bnrkiu, 1 Attachment. - James A* Liddle, j Bn8kin? WHEREAS the Plaintiff did, on* the-eighteenth diiy of October, eighteen hundred and fifty- six, tile hie declaration against the J)cfendojut, who, (it is said;) is absent from !?nd jrithbnt the limits of this State apd'.bas neitl(6r.wifftaorattorney known wituin 'the a copy of said (jffe'clarntion tflglit^SCTvtia: It is therefore ordered, t.hut the said Defendant do appear and to the said declaration, on or before the nineteenth day of October, eighteen hundred arid fiftr.cou^it .^llunurioa *in?il ? mmm-j wvv?| "V..V. >? f OW * IIUI BMW UUDVlUbD J U\l^* mciit will then be given end awjftded against him. . MATTHEW SIcDONALD.TT. C. P. Clerk's Office, Oct. 18, 1850 26-ly SOUTH CAROLINA, AHBEVILLE DISTRICT. IN ORDINARY. : > Isaac Carlisle, App't. Partitoi*. va. | In the autttr' of fchp Win. Carli&lc, Agnoss V Real Eetat?*of #4pw Kennedy, et. al, Corlisls^loc'd. Defts. J x <>|ipcurii]g 10 my auusracuon that tbe;cliil-1. drcn of James Carlisle, names not known the children of Sain'l Carlisle, names not, known ; the children of Marlha Newall, natae* ' not knofrn ; the children of Margaret Shag]^ ford, names not known; and tficj ibjldra^ jjf' Franois Carlisle, numts not knoWn, -kg#*' and distribntees of James Carlisle, deo'd,- Aklf- W; yond the limits of tWfc^dtat&^It ordered that they drt aj>pc?i/,' and_oM5ct --tfjlfe sale of the Real jfrtata of the lfsle, on or beforeth'A sixth day JK D. 1908. or their consent^ Jtep n-nrfe -will Be entered of record. ' ' ' ' WILWAM ITtEL, a A. If. A^i < **" '* VDb o, mot. ' 8m . ? Wf Sopffi CkroHtri^^ Abbmni!^ JMrfct?J* v*fi .vi[< 1 .vi v Attachment . ' ' ' * ' " *' ij -'' Vv the jftniatiffdift on tl?? twen' T ty-seventh d?y of Noyeirabjr, .18&3, .file hfii tf olftT*Uoii latest th? Defendunk, wb,o, (m it'ls'said) is absent from and without tlieliraiU of tfcis State,' aria has neither'wife or attorney known-iwithiii tho rome, won whom fc.cqpy of tees* id deoWation might bfl^iived. It is therefore ordered, that thn sftid 'TkffendAntdo. nnaAr An A ? -? - ** bsoiuto Juasm&i $igdmVtSyS Zl CIsiVs Office, lfofc 8?, 1 $ ^ tyy