4 4 VheWfcw* lt>rk Blot*. <* ,.$$i6lfe\V ?ork papers contain full account: r , ? Of tUe lul'e riot* in tlint city, growing out o t&jfcondle\ of jurfadictiori, between the Stnii BK4' *' (tod-'inunicfpnl authorities. D.f>. Conover ? i.^,irhO'h?9 lately received tlio appointment o ' Street Ccmtfrrissfoner for the Ci'ty, from th< f - Ooternor, in attempting to Qssunie the d it tic: F*' -of hi* ofRao.'-'Wfl# rcplusod by the Police of May I*'.' or Wood, who denies the constitutionality o ? 1h? appointment. Conover procured a wri ngitihst'(tie Mayor and others for rtn asa.ttili ?* ? inpd lrnttory. and irf tlia ntlgmpt to execute i L""~. ' thverc . ntloredf(rtri(i''tlie Vfliole demonstration was J-onci.df the most, savage ever attempted in j *". lip ciLy: The Mayor's whtclnnen, jnstant'{ * *ly $fter tligattacfc'was made by tlio mob, -- . turtied Oul"^JJ)olY Jbe^Ietropolitan officers, .. beating ttiehj ^hilo < Jown with their clubs, kicking them in tbe- face. A small, force cfUffi inen^gainsfthe ^Mayor's force of j" v nwrly 1,000-vStchmen and jfigliting men, . lij(dy the snvt, age of (lie- lowest grade, Jjrouglit fhe*} lest, haupts of the city, ^vereijieqpable^of-reason,'and would let L ^' ~ 4lfeir brutal fnstin^feed^bem, under their r"... any extent, lTie Coroner forL ' tfuiaioiy escaped iraory, but upwards of a F \ WsfafecMtan Police were seLV;'m The Recorder's office /^BOOtf-pres^t^Mfefcppfearanoe of a IIobro^^i^jtC bl^ding,{uro(u5iely from- their k . woqnd^^nd-ilie Caroner "report^ 0iat bis P liUempl^^r^ O^ process had again; been r " / f Wsi&ed, iiabdi'Witlrlt^Recorder.^uxged the j.naeteaity^t^iinng tlQa ip i |i ta ry.< -i m raedja* ' * and - mHKweiw-prwon, ana wer?. reacmy con1 uiasdjBjit *ho f^rvjces--'Tlf^ilrB . military vrerit rgqiiired*-- Tflfia 7tif Regimentthe M\oUGa*ri were soon marching to the Iwfc ' In die meantime, DebtfU^:>6uperin.v -tchdqpt Carpenter arrived tfw*6Ver{f hun1 _ 'df&flpap, find expressed readiness to gt> t'o lJreCity TIhII an?*efve nay process " 1/WtK *t 4H lizards. Captains ' ^Bp|iplitfi^arttvni^dl TuNilrull, nnd Lieutnn4 j*n tHutchmgs,' were altt>.ncescnt .with their foi^es^artithero 'fffere oWr .two hundred * } Policeman ready ^ to not. jluc ivytoruervuoTv.e^er Liiougnt u vjpvWU t>e to send tJjBro against the payor's ..iow??,Arl)o .were augiponting continually f ialUtb6 ' Injured in Iho melee, some of tliom fatally, f 1 At 2 o'clock on jji? morning "of ' 18tL> s lilt., nil wns quiet in tlio.citv, and no fur, J ther (listurbanwwas fcared. A ' THE INDEPENl^T^HESS M FL'OUrtllCD EVKUT FIHDAT MORMNU BY f LEE & WILS6N. * W. A. tiUES, - - Editor. Individuals, like nation*, fail in no thine; teftic/i h'lf boldly attempt, rvfiett sustained by virtuoui s . pur pone, ati'1 determined resolution.?IlrsRV I'i.av. t I " H'illiug to praise, yet not afraid to blame." r ! Terms?Two Dollars a Year, in Advance. I " ABBEVILLE C. H. ' FRIDAY, JUNE 20, 1857. ; ii, '? ? ~ Publio Lecture. | We repeat our previous announcement thai Prof. J. H. Blake, of the Grecnslwro Female ( College, will deliver & public Address, in tin I Court House, before the Young Men's Christian j Association, on Tuesday evening, the 30th instant : Suhjeet?The J'opular Objection* to i Scicncc. ; Mr. llluke is an accomplished scholar and pleasing speaker; and * ? anticipate quite an interesting Lecture. ^ _ i Fine Wheat. _ ! We were shown a few days since a fine specI I imcn of wheat from the plantation of Col. J. , I r *c t.^ii < I r. urnrsuiui, in me vicinity 01 our village. ( We lmre never se?>n finer or larger heads; in fact they were so heavy as to render the task of cradling rather a difficult operation. The crop cousUts of about 150 ncrof", and will r probably yield at least 2,000 bushels, being at the rate of from 12 to 15 bushels per aero. > Ouly a small portion of the crop was manured. > Who can beat this? Tho successful competitor will likely take the prize at tho next agricultural fair. Hot Supper. W'c are requested to say, that tho Ladies, of Abbeville Village will give a llot Supper, on Friday evening, the 3d of July nest; the object of whieh is to raise funds, * to enclose the Presbyterian Church in this place. The object I is u inunuuic one nna nppenis 10 me sympathy | and co-operation of the liberal and public spirited. The ladies, we are sure, will apnrc no pnins to merit jjtibllc patronage ; and we trust that their efforts will be duly appreciated. The occasion furnishes an opportunity of much enjoyment, and presents an agreeable mode of converting social enjoyment into the means of effecting a benevolent end! Recollect the time ?the ?ve of the ' Glorious Fourth." Brigadier Qeneral of Iniantry. We arc informed that Wm. C-. Morngne, Ksq., <6tEd.etield has been elected Brigadier General of-the Firat^Division of South Carolina Militia. We have no doubt but what he will make a good officer. I -Uic following is the result of the poll : JIOIIUH. JlOnAC.NE. i 8th Regiment, 17 11 ..j,8th Regiment, '48 .6 5th Regiment, 7 43 9th Regiment, 3 37 10th Rcgiiuciit, 7 28 80 12.5 i - 80 Majority for Moragne 45 To Spartanburg'. Pcr*ons wishing to viwt Spartanburg during the oomineiiccinent Exerciws of the College, are informed that a stage will run daily from Lnurensville, in connection with the Latir?ns Rail Road, on Friday, the 3J, Saturday, the 4t1i, ond Monday, tK*c 6th July, pro*. Stages run regularly from the present ter no vi uiv ojmriniiuurg ana union ttaii Koau on .Monday, Wednesday nnd Friday. The annual examination of the Spartanburg Femal c College will.begin on Thursday, tli? 2d July, and be concluded on'Tuctdav, the 7th July, on which evening an address will be pronounced bj- cx-Governo; John H. Mean*, be-< fore the .Literary Society. TJJie commencemenMSermoh will bc4preacbcd on Sunday, the 6th July, liv the lie v. E. H. Myers, Editor of the Southern Christian AditocaU. The examination in Woffprd College will begin on Monday, the 29th June.' T/ie Commencement Sermon will l?e preached on Sunday, July Stli, by Bishop George F. Pierce, aud the . graduation exercises will take place on Wed'nes"3aj-, July 8th. ?IVI?U?IU wuuiciy r. Hie following sketch of the actual condition of men and things in the Empire city, taken i from the Now York Tribune, canscarcely find i a parallel, in that section of the Union, to which this journal is in the hnbit of turning, for the exercisc of its pscudo-philonthropy, and to which it is constantly resorting for facts to cxcite, the holy liorur onj} pious commiseri ntion of its readers: "Since the first of April," (we nre told), "there havo been at least twice sixteen attempts nt murder, besides violent assaults and rum-hole fights without preoedonl. Ten thousand hardened and hopeless female outcasts swarm the streets at night; two thousand chitdren, under*the guise of peddlers, from the ngw of ten to sixteen, penetrate evory public building, 6totfBjind office in the city, to beg, steal, oyy iur ourgiare, mid on ilietr own -account practice those vices which cannot be named in respectable language ;?fivc thousand great and small gamblers prey upon the ~ credulous and the infatuated, standing j|U day at the doors of 1 their dens in Broadway; as welWVnown in. 1 s?n and profession os thp.Mayo&jjbimself; thousand laey, druAeti? thievipg short-bdy*, f. *3$Vbqya, killers, roughs?-and rowdievfr other ,, hi tinge on tke rum-curs^jforncra of the streets, making day disgusting,*' hideous, and ! travel dangerous to all who eao bo suspeete^of 1 having respecubility^or money ; thousands of emfghmt swindlers, mock auctioneers. , dealec* Jfojiey-backers, piek|XH;k"oU, hall thieves, burglars, warf-rata, area-sneaks, pirn pa and vsmpyres, practice their knaveries as open. ly, and jvilb as litt)# /tar of punishment, aa i though they were engaged !n the root* virtuous and legitimate of htfman pursuits." The -Mew Professor*. The Spartanburg E^prt?, in ?eVrtng^o the ; 1*ta change* epd elections for U?# South Caro: ^ I ~B? hdToi..rg< Wr aOnHHW ?f ? Or. tftSPSL*" ? , ! The Weather and Crops. , i Wo were visited on Sunday evening lust, le well known talents of the speaker, we have no doubt that he will do 'credit to himself and the occasion. Gold mining in California. It seems tlint quartz mining is destined to be j the leading mining interest in the State. The j surface wnshingliavc either given out or yield ' but a small return on the labor expended, ! whilst quart7.mining can be continued throughJ out the year and at nil seasons. Its feasibility mid ! value ns an investment tins been nlromlt- r. . , J I" ~ j veil ; nnd a Convention of practical minora was I to beheld at Sacramento on the 30th ult., to i adopt aomc ay at cm to advance thia branch of ' induatry. The quartz minea of the State are ; sufficiently extensive to fnrniah employment to thouannda of men for a number of years to , come, if they nre only properly managed. It ! ie well ascertained that quartz rock, which j will yield eighteen dollnra to the ton, will am. I ply repay the labor which may be ncccaaary to extract it, if proper machinery be used ; and experiment haa proved that thouannda of tona of audi rock can be found in the mountain districts : In those districts where quartz mining haa been fairly tested, it litis been found to be aatisfuctorily remunerative and the ayatem it being gradually extended throughout the whole mining region. At the present time, the whole number of quartz mills in operation in the j State, according to the California lleeiater. is j one hundred ami thirty-eight, of whieiroightj six are propelled b}- water, forty-right by ! steam ??nd four by horso power. Tlic aggre! gate number.of stamps connected with these ! mills is fifteen hundred and twenty-one. The j cost of machinery is estimated at one million seven hundred nnd sixty-three thousand dollars. On the same authority, "the reeent improvement in the machinery employed, and ' the enlarged experience of thojo engaged in I quartz mining, together with the remarkable yield of veins recently opened, have created confidcnco in this depurtment of mining ; nnd that it will ultimately become the leading mining interest of the State, is the opinion of those who have carefully watched its progress for the la?t seven years." To this new sourec of wealth attention is now directed, as giving the fairest promise of continued prosperity to nil tin- mat erial of "the uiqrfern Ophir. Th$. Newspaper Pross. The CharlcstoirCowrirr makes the following interesting suggestions wittr-rcfgmn>^^to an autobiography of tlic Press of the Stat*. The suggestion is an important one,.-find we trust - that it will be cordially responded to l>y our : country brethren. We will cheerfully under' take our share of the task; and this we may I safely promise, as our brief history, will call r for no lengthened research among dusty records,-, Some of our ancestots, however, may be in the condition of those "brave inen who lived before Agamenon," and in that event we iihall hold ourselves in readiness to furnish a contribution when required : Nothing is more astonishing in connection with the American Newspaper Press than the rapid multiplication and frequency of changes in its organs, and it has occurred to us that many interesting and illustrative contributions could be given to our history, by a full auto biography of tho Press. In our own Statf, from the ropid and extensive 'multiplication of Presses under pnrty exigencies, tho vast influence weildcd l>y these organs, und the frequent s'ucccAsion and changes in conductors, th.*rol eo-oper.ition can ever promise sucee.-s. If each Press now extant would but give us ijs autobiography?so far as may be done?and a sketch of its predecessor* in its tection and range, the work would be tfell nigh done, and n vast amount of material j nande srnilnliln f.ir fntiiro What? say* our friends to the suggestion anil ; proposition) Shall we have an "experienced meetingi" If so. who will 'Wgiti I &(,? shall cheerfully contribute towards a history of tho City Press, but would gladly hear from onr friends of the "rural districts," as they could furnish more of novel interest and suggestion. Our attention is now called to_ this subject by accidentally glancing over ?Ame references that h%ye b?eu taken occnsionalljrUn coutpe of an' examination of ?ur fields. Mrmay be of interest to>>|MnYt, and may stimulate responses to ?nt? if we state the incidents thus presented in a i*ejnent#, Ac., of old date*. 'f.Wo tuj'af'MhiJjp J?"* 1817, an offer (orK!rtf|| prihting office at Cambridge, S. C. WastA^fc a newspaper ever issued fro in tbis office! ' , f .On the rat of July, 1807 tlie subacription rata of th^bharleston dailies?then three in number?was advanced from $7 to $8, by common agreement, in consideration of increased -expenses as stated and explained. Boon after thia data, a number of papers aprang up for occasional and eampafgn purjKMm, fileajM which, or single copies would be r^oabtl rdepoaits for any public library. Can any of oar older readers supply saoh, or furnisb at anv rfintniuuxiMM la lMOre iBii It atatcd Ihtt fear 11 poper* were leaned in Alabama, and ele*?n In ibia State. The review of tlil^SoA Caroliua Trm i>f that date ia foupd in a card from the Hon. William 8mhfe;'?vWei.ii hmnMv* and interesting in othar rwpecto, and which we. ., may m *?ich produoa it a oonfaataat oceaaion > Ibr *>dt readers.? t > ' The Soutb Carolina College. Tlic Greenville l'ataiot, in presenting the clnims of Judge Wafjluw, for the Presidency of the South Carolina College, pays the fullotfring deserved tribute to the high character, commanding ability nud distinguished scholarship of this eminent jurist: Iii ensting nbout for a suitable man to preside over our College, Wo know of tut one better calculated thnu Judge Wurdlnw. Ilu graduated in the South Carolir)? C?",!Pc with its fiist honors. Ho is a i^outleinun nud a scholar, lie possesses great. firmness and decision of I character, with mildness nud wisdom in enforcing his authority. No man ever presided | over the House of Representatives of this State with more entire satisfaction to that body Next to the College, the House of Representatives is the hardest body to govern in the State. In selecting u President of the College, we must have reference to his qualities for commanding nud enforcing discipline, as well as to his scholarship and attainments. The President must he a sinccic, straight forward man, ns well as a stern man. The young gentlemen lin * I.:. T . ......... ....... nisjimici: unu II nilIIess. lie must liuve a high character, and tho confidence of the State. Judge Ward law lias all of these high requisites. We know that his remoral from the Bench would be a serious loss to the State. As a Circuit Judge lie ha* no superior, and he is regarded by his aesociatcs as one of the most useful, as well as most learned members of the Court of Appeals. But in transferring him to the College, the State will gain more in the education of her sons, than she will lose in the administration of her laws. We know that Judge Wnrdlnw has been frequently spoken of as eminently qualified to till the Presidency of the (.'olleire, and we likewise know that, he repudiates all suggestions of the kind. But we lay down '.lie rule that the State has a right to command the services of her sons asslie may dnein best. The Presidency of the College is n far better position than a seat on the lJench. It is worth more; it is less laborious; it is more dignified and important to the State. Judge Wardlaw is one of the most methodical anil systematic men we have ever met with. lie would introduce order into the Col lego in nil its department*. Ami lie would enforce discipline every where, witli professors ns well ns student*. Whj should lie not accept, if he consults only his own personal case and comfort? It is much more agreeable to be always nt home with one's family, in the midst of refined nnd litoinry society, than to be running over the State, living in dirty taverns, lis telling to dull speeches, taking down testimony and charging frrutid juries. The students would never niinoy Judge Wnrdlnw. They would be dismissed, lie would soon cut olT those who disturb the Institution, nnd are unworthy of it. i lie would attract to the South Carolina College ; those young men who go there to do their duty, and he would deter others from coming. Every body in the State knows Judge Wardlitw, mid hns confidence in him, nnd would feel ft pride in having their sons brought up bv liiin. Let the Iioard of Trust ea at. their meeting ill September elect him unanimously, nnd press on hiin the acceptance of the position. He can at once fill the chair of Historv, or that of Logic and Rhetoric, with distinguished ability. But j wc want him as a governor of the College. <> ?rucr 111 me Carolina 'June* nominates our esteemed fellow townsman, the llev. T. A. Iloyt, for the vacant chair of "Logic, Rhetoric Bnd Philosophy of the Mind." Tho propriety of t'icnomination must strike ev*ry one who lias the pleasure of the Reverend gentleman's acquaintance, a* well as the justness of the following complimentary notice : I tnke the liberty of nominating fur the vacant Chair of "Logic, Rhetoric and Philosophy of'the Mind," the llev. T. A. Iloyt, of Abbeville C. II., a young gentleman whose vigorous mind, thoroughly disciplined by habit* of close critical study, is well stored with the results of metaphysical research, and whose discriminating tnsie, and active logical pewer*, no less than his superior personal character, seem specially to qualify liiin for the responsible duties of instructing and guiding the young. r -? ? - v. v., .. ?,;> ? IMS n^c I-UUI'I III' luund Ul'Iter qualified, eillicr by natural gift*. l?y previous preparatory studies, or by a love and zeal for the work. To all who arc personally acquainted with him?and man)' of the member* of the Hoard of Trustees arc?bis name needs only to be mentioned to be approved. Oen. Walker and Nicaragua. Gen. Walker in bis variou* public oililreiM*, has left the Government, in no doubt ns to hi* future policy,; It is his design to return to Nicaragua, with an adequate force, to renew tho war, and it is said that his agents in New York, New Orleans and other citien, arc now organizing forces for a new expedi?: f ii'.II? ? ..... I ?vn. wen. >< umcr 11ns iimierto exhibited great perseverance, and will no doubt return to tlio scene of his late defeat?, with renewed strength nnd determination. He blames this Government as the cntise of all his disasters ; and attributes his discomfiture to its refusal to recognize his Minister, to its suspension of diplomatic intercourse, to iU interference in stopping his succors of troops and muuitions of war; and to the permission given to Capt Davis to bring him and his force home. The future policy of the Government with regard to his schemes has not j-et been dis closed, and iirnlwlilii 1m? ? , _ . _ 4 u aiww J vn UCUII * mined upon. Walker has Intel}- addressed a letter to the President, which presents a clear statement of the facts connected with his presence in Nicaragua, and the circumstances attending the late Convention with Capt. Davis. U|>on this letter the Charleston Standard thus comments in the'following extract: Wc publish entire, this morning, the letter of Gen. Wulker to the President. This puts a new faco upon the circumstances of the capitulation, nnd placcs Commander Davis in a somewhat doubtful light before the country. The statements of Commander Davis and Gen. Walker have now been published in our paper; our renders have, therefore, the opportunity of deciding by their own judgineut the pnlpnblo differences between the two. The former tlm !??? ? ?' " ?' ? ?? mo WjWIUHUUS mo nuumed fact that Walker was in * perilous condition, that his provisions were exhausted, without of replenishment and that ho would be helpless before nn assault of the surrounding? enemy. The President of Nicaragua on the other*hand denies the Commander this basis, lie maintains that his position was impregnable for a considerable time, at least, ana that, in tho event of Lockridge's failure to join himr as was expected, he could hnvo evacuated witb alt honor th? town of Rira* and made his way id freedom to San Juau.?In fine, he implies that Commander Davis lias been guilty of transcending his authority, to say nothing of his exhibi tion of an illiberal and unpatriotic spirit There the inntter rests for tho present; but there aro indications that the Government will institute' a thorough investigation of it, and we shall, 1 therefore, soon be informed as to which of tho tiro statements is nearest the truth. I O W-ll - -- " * USD. IIIII6FI lAller poueescs an intareat pact from ita refutation of Commander Davis's statement, in ita brief hi*torv of th? first expedition to Nicaragua. The notaof thia have not been generally understood. A large majority of people in the United States have supposed that Walker inrad*l the country.for the accomplishment of private end*?for tfi? establishment qf a government ofwhiefa "Ma aboard b*. the asknowledged ml absolote Sovereign. Oar national lov? of llboaty wooid not countenance enofc,* ppoeeodlnfc Ma tfaera &8Z218. IttMaiing ?n^?W hU^Iei- ^ in HI - - -Mtn Commander l>avis declares (lint liU conduct *vm the result of tlic NavyJ^m^rifelions. These instructions, ns fur as enn bo rfsccrtAined, wore tbeee words S "It is prudent, and fur the inter- 1 ests uf tile Country, to have a man-of-war visit 1 Snu Juan del Sur." This, Secretary Dobbin is < reported to have said, is the only conuection in v wliich Walker's enterprise was approached in the instructions to naval ollicers.?How Com- ' uiai.dcr Davis could, out of this sentence, have 1 tortured a direction to negotiate witli the Costa llicans for the recapitulation of Walker, is somewhat of a mystery, and wo hope that the fullest opportunity may be given him for making public his method of interpretation. The Slaveholding Interest. The following vxtrnct from the Now Orleans i Delta, presents an impressive statement of the j greatness of the Slaveholding interest, the dan- i gers which threaten it, and the proper rcmc- ! dy for the evil. The Institution is in danger, j and Heeds to be strengthened by material guar- j antes, ns well ns to be defended politically and j morally. bneis requires to lie enlarged ; j its numbers diffused, nnd its social position guaranteed. The public opinion of tlic world in to be clmnged. with reference to Slavery, but especially public opinion at the South. A thorough conviction of right will lead to the vigorous and unflinching defence of the institution. Hut to effect this change the Press murt bo employed : There are not less than three hundred and j fifty thousand a<-tual and legal slaveholders in ; the South, nnd counting members of families I nnd others who are virtual slaveholders, the i number directly indentified with the slave- ' holding is not less than two millions. The number of slaves in the South is over three nnd n half millions, and their aggregate value, at present prices, is fully eixtecn hundred millions of dollars. The cotton plantations in the South are about eighty thousand, nnd the aggregate value i of their nnnunl products, at the present prices of cotton, is fully one hundred nnd twenty millions of dollars.?There arc over fifteen thousand tobacco plantations, and their nnnunl ; products may be valued at about fourteen mil- I lion* of dollars. There nro two thousand six hundred sugar plantation?, the products of whii-h average annually more than twelve million.-* of dollars. There are five hundred j and fifty-one rice plantations, which yield an j annual revenue of four miilioi.s of dollar*. Many other products of Southern agrieul- j ture might be added to this list, but we cnu- j nierate the above articles because they may be regarded as exclusively the productions of slave labor. Here, then, we liave n capital of sixteen bundred millions, producing annually a cash value of one hundred and fifty millions, owned nnd employed in the South,"and identified with the institution of slavery. No community of capitalists of the same number, unless it be the British Kust India Company in its palmiest days, ever wielded a capital of such magnitude or possessed moro elements of power commercial, political, and moral. Yet the vast capital of this body of men is not based upon a monopoly : is protected bv no fo.lavehold> ing interest of the South in Europe and America. One anti-slarcry newspaper in New York city alone, it is likely, reachcs nearly as many readers as all the newspapers published in Charleston and New Orleans put together. In spite, therefore, of whatever real, fidelity and !,,A. tIf !-??? J:?i-_ .1 B- ?" U,8P'??)', "my are comparatively feclile and tlieir efforts of little avail. ?But tlicy might be made irresistablc; they might be clothed with moral omni|>olence; and j they wqnld be, if the a'avehoMing interest . wisely appreciating iU danger and its necessities, would promptly arm with the sinews of war and an instrumentality tbat is essential to itself and perpetuity. ' ^ a A Book r6w thk Timks.?Under this bead tlfe N. Y. Journal of Commerce nnnonnees a forthcoming work by Rev. Dr. Stiles, to which it pays the following femphatic tribute: - A distinguished clergyman of the New School Presnyterian Church is about to publish a work, which will create a sensation in the religious world, and especially ?tnong the slefical profession. It relates to the question of lavery-*-mor? especially as connected witb the pulpit, and with doruestio missions. The sutbor m a native of the Sopth, and la ly acquainted with iU iaitftaUoas. ?or a g imskw af tMN h< has resided at the North. ind ^ U tww * J * ? Slavery in the Border States. The New Orleans Delta ami the Charleston WVrciiry, we see nre discussing the policy of a neasurc, originally proposed by the Delta, to wit, the ennetmont of laws, on the part of the Southern States, to prevent those upon the frontier, from discharging their slave population within their limits. The effect of this measure, according to the Delta, would be to check the present sluvo exodus, nud fix slavery forever in the frontier States, whom it would thus convert into the vigilant guardians of the institution ; and the measure is justified on the ground of the existing danger, that Virginia, Maryland and Kentucky, will follow the lead of free-soilism, and bo ultimately abolitiuuizcd. The policy of the measure may well be doubted. Like nil legislation, designed to control the fixed and uniform laws of trade, it must work n present inconvenience, ttf be compensated by 11 prospective and contingent benefit ;J and would probably produe" nil alienation .of feeling, and distraction o insets, so much to be depreented. Tlie subject is one of general interest however, and we nppend an extract from the article of the Delta : We confess to some surprise to hear our Charleston eotemporary echo the words of the Riclim ond Examiner?a journal which prefers irnseonnde and assertion to logicnl deduction ? that n law prohibitory of Virginia tdnvo exo dus. would practically work the extinction of shivery, inasmuch as it would aboli?h the interstate slave trade. Let us look nt this matter briefly but closely. Virginia has nearly a half million of slaves, principally in the eastern and southern | sections of the State. The products of the j soil in these regions are very valuable, and j slave labor is profitably employed. In the western nnd northwestern ports of tlie Common wealth, where sliire labor would he almost, if not quite a* profitable, it is subject to the assaults of its enemies, and hireling free labor lias taken its place. In a word, slavery has retired before tlie assaults of the Bordor Abolitionist?retired southward solely for safety. Indubitably, slave labor is cheaper than hireling free labor; and if means could be devised to resist, the dangers which menace slavery on the North, nnd the depletion stopped at the South, it is not apparent that the rapid increase of nearly on half million of slave#, would soon sweep hireling free labor from Virginia, and insure its diffusion ? Thus established by necessity, where hireling free labor has, for the cdmsc was assigned, supplanted it, every man along the lino would be n sentinel, and so closely would the Border be watched, that the machinery of the un.'oirroitnd railway would be wonderfully impeded, if not effectually stopped. But. ns long ns Virginia pursues her system of raising slaves for the Southern market, nnd impoverishing herself by selling them nt exorbitant sums outside of her limits, this state of 1 things will never occur. Her true source of wealth is not in the money realized from the | sale ofslnvcs ; it is in multiplying the number#, j keeping them nt home, nnd thus chcnpening labor, and augmenting capital. In relation to the deficiency of Slaves in the extreme South, we hove only to sny, that tat king negroes from Virginia causes n deficiency there, and while it strengthens the institution in one section it wtmkuna it in the other. The cotton growing States will find a wny to sup ply themselves, for the world wants cotton and mist luivc it, and nil the meddling philanthropic C'lnrksons nnd Wilberforecs ennnot prevent the demand being filled. Deficiency in labor will increase the price of the great ?>taple, and, after all, the planter would not lose a dollar, while the negro worshippers would silver terribly in the pocket. We have no quarrel with the good old Commonwealth of \ irginia?on the other hand, wc are proud of her as one of our great confederate sisters. The measure ptoposod by us was with an ej'e single to her own and our welfare, seeing that theThayers without and the Yankees within her borders, put her in peril. When the great issue comes, if shti will rush. "1 nto our battle, like a Lybian lion Upon his hunters," we shall be the first to singpeansto the "Mother of Presidents" and of states' Kights doctrines. Nor, do we desire to cross swords with our able cotemporury, the Mercury, for in this great fight against thu Saracens of the North, mere siinuiu no no tiisscnsions in the marquee of the Crusaders.?jVWo Orltan* Delia. The South Carolina College. In publishing the netion of the"Board of Trustee^, we design to give simply a copy of the resolutions as udopted. That in relation to the proposed re-organization of tho institution 011 the Universiry plan, seems liable to misconstruction. Tho resolution mot with the general ncquiesccnec of tho liuard, and was referred to tho Committee to report a project at the meeting in November next?the action cf course will not be final until tho report of the Committee is acted upon. Col. W. C. Preston, who introduced the resolution, authorises us fto notice what he said at the Board for public consideration. We understood him, in offering bis resolution, to sny that it was expedient to make essential modifications in the educational system of the South Carolina College?that he proposed the establishment of fourteen schools, or professorships?each professor to have a salary of one thousand dollars, and to receive ten dollars from each student'entering his school, which should be n nernuisito in nrldi. lion to his fixed salary?so that one"1 hundred students entering the acIiooI of n professor would give iiim an iucomc of $2,000, and #o on. ' ? The number of students would thus depend upon tho reputation, ability and attractiveness of the professor, and make his emolument commensurate with his merit. Thisetim-ulous of interest Mr. Preston thought desirable for the professor*, while tho moderate solan would relieve tho enterprise from tho character of n more risk. This, Mr. 1*. said, was the plan at the University of Kdinbnrg. Each student, matrioulutod in tho Collogo should he required to enter in at least three schools, and tho feo of matriculation should be f 15 for thMrhdlfc course, while the student continues irf*Collego, socuring to him the privileges of the Library, apparatus, and use of the rooms. Thus the perfrfanent appropHMion for fourteen professorships would be $14,000. The nA#.f?ii*iilfat.titn foo ini* ftQt) atnilnnta wahM ? trm M.600, which would he enough to keep tho public property in repair ; while tho ticket for thruo school*, $30, mid tM fee of matriculation, }16. would be less tlinir^ho tuition-charge now paid. Tho public appropriation would bo diminished $10,000, and the charge* upon the i tu*denta ten per cent. The follcw.ng were Ws uiggestions, as to the schools : 1. A School of Law. 2. Of Medicine. 8. Of Natural Philosophy. 4. Of Natural History. 6. Of Mathematics. $>. Of Engineering. 7. Of Chemistry. 8. Of Geology and Pnlreontology. 9. Of Belles-Lett res and lthetorio. ]0. OfllUtory and Political Economy. 11. Of Greek and Latin. 12. Of Jlebrow and CognatMianao jgeii 18. Of French, Gorman and MflSern Lan;uages. 14. Of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysios. io? selection oi uiew scnoois wouia do volintory, and without any prerequisites except of oral standing. The standing of the student* in their ittpM* ire school* would be ascertained by two jrearlf I XAmiu Ations, it wliioh th^fgrts of proneiib^ J shall be marked from 1 to 9,. Maltose who. ttain the mark of Vtor 8, may rMnra a Hit-, point witn tmiclt diffidence, but he thought it iiiiportuut. ~ The Board of Trustcci> was constituted on * wrong principle. It is too numerous, unxi it id unwielay nmi luhherly. There is too great ti prepoi dernnco of tx official members. To those fx officio members the business o' the Board is necessarily subordinate and insignificant. Tlif high office of the Judges eun have no additional dignity from the Board of Trustees. To the labor of the Board they come with thought* preoccupied on more important concerns?wearied in body and mind with the lubors of the Bcucli?stealing a scrap of time from the pressure of higher duties, nud coming to their performance after a solid dinner. The college is jumbled up amongst habcat cor pun, *cire J'nciii*, uou suits und continuance*, ike., ?tc. The Trustees ought to be appointed ad hoc: The duties of the Board ought to be their primary brsine.-'s. Seven lire enough. When the College was brought into existence, the dignity and influence of the numbers of the Board were esteemed necessary to commend the establishment to tho ninnil.tr mind ami ??v t ?m? *.v 0VVUI U UVI?U larity. These adventitious aids are no lotjgfcr uecesaary. The College has educated the State,to n degree of intelligence able to consider and esti mate'things as they deserve. | The Trustees referred t he general proposition j to the consideration of the committee, to bofc' ported upon with the details (it the anniiaf meeting. Thu wants of the public demaud the' change?we believe it will be carried out. NEWS ITEMS' Death ok Col. Keith.?Colonel Matthew Ir- " vin Keith died at his residence this morning,'"vS about 7 o'clock. lie was taken ill on Tuesday of bilioue-cholic. This well known citizen, although he had passed the age of seventy, was in such usual vigor of health of action, and freshness of appearance, that his death takes the eominnity by surprise. lie has ever been dUtingtiMicd in it as a gentleman of fine nnd rare powers of mind, of elevated and chivalrou* character, of noble bearing and manners. o? minctilioilM nmoniti- in 1 without four mi<1 without reproach." ""tmTtcommanding an, but at tlie lull conference I of that year, as appear* t'nmi ? regular census taken l?y themselves, they did< not quite conio lip to l'.l.iMJO. According to-information obtained from the Mormon agency in St. Louie, in 1854, it appears that the immigration.of 1854 was only about 35UO, that JiliUO was the sum total reported as chipped from Liverpool for 1855, and that iiuOO only were the number* intended to be sent over t he plains (he same year. Willi theso data, and making a fair nllowauce for the loss and gain, the population in 1856 was estimated by the lion. 15. (?. Ferris at 28,500. Krom these slender figures they have gone on magnifying their population until they have actually induced most prisons to believe it one hundred thousand. At the present time it docs not reach, it is said, 10,'JUO. The Cr.ora anp tiik Prospect.?A letter from Taylorvillc, I'oniisylvniiin. gives a highly. cheering account of the growing crops. The writer hhvs that the wheat and rye never looked bot wr. i ne unis are ramer uacKwaru, tint prosent no discouraging feature. All that tho com requires is n little inure sunshine. Tho season generally is about two weeks liehindhnnd. But this umy proven Messing instead ?!* a disadvantage. The opinion is expressed, that if the States of Ohio oii.il New York will raise as much corn, wheat, rye and potatoes as Pennsylvania is likely to do this year, the aggregate will prove sufficient to supply the whole Union. Tho grass crop is likely to be immense, and a heavy fall in liny may be anticipated. Accounts front Kentucky and Tennessee report that the wheat is finely headed out, and that the expectation is, that an immense crop will be .raised. Wo have similar reports from luwa and Wisconsin. Soda Watkjl?A lady writes to us for an opinion as to the hatefulness of the use of soda water. We consider it a very suitable beverage for tho season. It id prepared by forcing iiitd water, by mechanical pressure, a large bulk of carbonic acid, which escapes when tho pressure is removed, causing the sparkling. It i? moderately excitant to the stomach, but its action is cveucsccnt, and does not stimulate tho arterial 6V?tem, unless takon in large quantity, in a very" concentrated form, as in champagne. When the gas prepared by tho ordinary method of the druggists cannot be* lind, t wenty grains- of super carbonate of soda and fifteen of citrid acid will make a very good! rubstitute, tliougli tlie sod i wmer'oi the druggists, which is carbonated water mid not aodm water as there is no soda in it, is butter- for constant use. ? We in Columbia Imvo fine opportunities of enjoying the carbonated wnti-r.of Fisher and lleiniths, Mint, Tcijipleton and Griffin, and th? coufectionarie*.?(.aroliniati, 'Hf,router) IIoMiclot ?t a $o}? ok IIexr* Gx-tf ??His flioiit and Coxce.*lme*t.-?-TIic TJlncIn' nnti Commercial of Snlurdny coofnlus.tt fejKirt /.that n quarrel took place, o? Thursday; at Lexington Kentucky, between Jobn CIa?,*E?q., a son of the deported statesman, and, a bono trainer namnd Edgar, . High words passed between the parties, and let! finally to a personal encounter, when Clay drew a revolver and fired twice at Edgar. 11-. i..11 i i.:. mn?ii, ??,i ....4. V/IIO UUH CI 11 CI CM "19 IIIUUWI, UI?U |?WUU VMI behind tlio ear. Anther ball lodgod jo Iho back. EJcjnr is reported mortally wounded,, and is ptrlmp' deau before tins tlfuft. y , Clay immediately left Lexington, and li&rnot been fienrd from since. JjEJlie parties Jijtoe not been on amicable terms' Tor somo tii'no, jobn, webelieve, is the youngest sturiving son of Henry clay. ' t;