Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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MAKING FELT HATS The Process From Raw Material to Finished Product. MANY BRANDS OF FUR USED. Ingenious Methods by Which the Pelts Are Cleaned and the Various Qrsdsi of Hair A^e Mixed and Worked Into the Required Shape. One of the very Interesting exhibits in the division of textiles of the Nn tlonal museum at Washington shows clearly Just how such hats are uiadefroui the fnr to the finished product? and inclndcs many of the latest and most popular styles ready to wear, as well as special shapes manufactured for particular foreign markets. The exhibit Is acorn pan led with photo graphs illustrating scenes In the faef/tPP n f nnn i\f f l??* l.? n.r.?o? ? ? ! W..T V. ..... 1/1 MIC IU I I ?1IHI known American lint manufacturers These enable tlio observer to connect f11?* materials, apparatus and finished products sli iwii into a tangible story. In the manufacture of one of the most popular brands of American hats the fur of N irtU American beaver South American nutria. Saxony hare and English and Scotch coney are used When the pelts of these animals are received at the factory nre hrst washed with whale oil soap, utter which the long, coarse hairs are removed. since they would tend to make tin* felt too rough. The skins are then treated with nitrate of mercury, a process < ailed "carroting." which gives the fur its "feeling properties." making it knit together when hot water and pressure are applied. The skfTTs are then brushed by a machine which removes all the dust ami other foreign substances. The skin next goes to a cutting machine. where revolving shears strip away the fur. cutting it so close that It appears to have been shaved otT. From this machine the fur is carried away on an endless belt or apron, on which it lies complete, just tis it was in the pelt, and it is hard to realize that the skin below has actually been removed. This is to facilitate the work of the sorters who select from the belt n^. u |>u3^i-s infill jusc ine parrs uestred for various grades of lints. The sorting Is according to color and quality. eaeli sorter selecting u different part, such as the side or Imck, suitable tor a particular tirade of hat. Although cleaned, cnrroted and sorted. the fur is by no means ready for use. It has to be seasoned, just like lumber, and is stored until ready for use. Some manufacturers bave a million or two dollars' worth of fur seasoning In storage. When the fur Is properly seasoned It Is mixed In certain proportions to produce the desired texture and color, and from here on the work Is not done mechanically but by hand, being mainly a question of art and skill. After various portions of difTerent kinds of fur have been selected the actual mixing is done by a machine which blows them about In various compartments until the blending is perfectly eveu. A certain amount of fur Is then weighed out. according to tlie weight of the hat to be made, and blown upon a copper cone perforated with many thousand tiny holes, so that it looks like a sieve. The eone is about three l'eet In height and as wide at the huso. An exhaust fan operates inside nod below the cone so that, the air ami fur are drawn from the outside. The air passes through the openings, bin the Hue particles of fur stick and eov or the whole surface. Tl?.? puna liAblinir -rv # * .... " '"1 iinclosed in a snugly fitting* jacket anil lowered into n vat of boiling water This develops ttie felting properties ot the fur, tin; particles of which mat and lock together, enabling the thin, delicate film of wet fur to he lifted from ttic cone. The resulting cone of fur is a very delicate embryo hat, except as to size; in that respect it might be the hat for a giant. A bundle of about twelve of these large forms is rolled in a wet condi tion until the fibers knit together slightly, giving the hats hardness and strength. Then they are put into a sizzling kettle, where they are shrunk Iii hot water, beaten arid manipulated until they are between ten and fourteen inches in diameter. Each hat Is then stretched, pulled and blocked with the aid of hot water until It takes the form of u regular hat with crown and brim. If the hat is to he a soft one It ha* only to lie placed on a block and fin- ( islieil with fine sandpaper, which gives it a velvety appearance The outside bainl and binding and ilic sweat band are then added, after which ttie brim J* curled. Stiff hats, or derbies, are saturated with a solution of shellac before they are blocked. They are then put Into an oven until they become pliable, when they are blocked with a tre nrftfisinra /ah ? shapes and curia tliein at one operation. Following which they are lined < and trimmed. < Trouble Enough. "Telephone, air." "What la it?" 1 "Your wife wants you home at once." ' "What's the trouhle7" J "She baa a tight gown, can't stoop, and the drip pan under the refrigerator la running over."?Ix>ulsvllle Cou- 1 rier-Journal. l When the taatea are purified the morals are not easily corrupted.?Osborne. j ^ WHITE OF THE MOON. " What Cauaea Fair Luna, In Ita Colar to Rival Pure Snow? Ttio moon has no light of its rnn ami shines tfcradgh lielng illuminated by the mm. Wliat sort of surface must the moon have to reflect tin* light so whitely as it does? This quc?iioii is put forcibly in a letter to NatiU'i from .T. Evershed of Srinagar. Kash inlr. who describes the moon as fat whiter and more brilliant than the snow ohul summits of the Ilimalaytu when these are still lighted by the sun He writes: "Why does the moon appear so white if it is composed of rocks similar in re flectiitfc power to those 011 the cart hi The rock surface of the moon should reflect far less Unlit than the cloudy surfaces of Venus and Jupiter, and it would lie of interest if those who know would explain the apparent whiteness of the moon as seen in daylight. "A direct comparison of the moon with terreatrial rock surfaces illuiuitinfoil l?v <unlln,Ht I?j nnecihlr ox ton t vitiated by the superimposed blue light aeattered by the intervening air, wtiirh tnay affect the color of the moon. Yet it Is very difficult to be lieve that tliis can convert the grays and browns of rock surfaces into an almost pure white. "On several occasions in this valley I have compared the waning moon, setting behind the Pir l'anjal mountains. and. of course, in full sunlight, with extensive snow Fields. These snows are perhaps fifty miles distant, and there is a considerable amount of blue scattered light superposed on tlie snow, although less than on the moon, Also the light absorbed by the atmosphere is approximately and may lie ex aetly the same for each if one considers tlie whole path of the light from sun to snow and thence to the observer. When the air is transparent enough to see the moon clearly it appears to me to be distinctly whiter than the snows, which seem dull and yellowish in comparison." Mr. Everslied throws out the suggestion that the moon's surface may be covered with ice. PICKING A LOBSTER. Always Select One That Kicks anc Struggles Vigorously. When you go to pick out a lobster for cooking select one that kicks. Such h the ail vice Mrs. Mary C. Pickett gives in the National Food Magazine, tlie editor of which calls her tlie "lobster queen" and says she Is the best known lobster broker in the United States. Mrs. I'ickett quotes the ancieut Hebrew law against eating anything that lias died of itself, and says that the moment a lobster is takeu out of salt water It begins to die and its llosli to ilolnrini-nto Sir. ilw. lobster depends iu large measure on the length of time that elapses between his beiug taken from the water and his being served at table. When a lob ster moves his claws feebly he is near lv dead and. though not unfit to eat. his tiesh will not be firm and tasty. Keepers of first class restaurants have experts to seleet their lobsters. These pick them over as soon as received. sending some to be boiled at once and reserving others for broiling. The finest lobsters come from the coldest waters, and Mrs. Pickett says those caught south of Cape Cod do not amount to much, their tiesh being not nearly so firm as those from Maine waters. The only way to tell If a lobster is in really good condition is by its liveliness. If it struggles vigorously. Hops its tail and "makes wide open niit its claws." it is all right; if it is lethargic, opens its elaws wearily and shows :io sign of light, it is dying and should be let alone, for it is not cheap at any price. "The lobster," writes Mrs. Pickett, 'should In* boiled in the morning for use at dinner and kept in a very cold place, but not in direct contact with the ?ce, and it is better not to remove the meat from the shell until Just be fore preparing It in any desired way." Mystifying Chemical Trick. A plain blue handkerchief Is shown to the audience. When the handkerchief is warmed it turns white and when cooled resumes its former color. Make a starch paste and add enough water to the paste to thin It. Then add sufficient tincture of iodine to color the liquid blue. A few drops will be enough. Dye a white handkerchief with this blue liquid, and when the handkerchief is dry it is ready for the trick.? Popular Science Monthly. A Bargain. "Look, dearie, at the lovely puir of shoes I bought today. Such a bargain, too?only "But aren't they a trifle small for > ou ?" "Now that you mention It. I think they are, but what can one expect for such a ridiculous priceV"-?St. Louis Post -Dispatch. W?, tha People. The phrase, "We. the people of the United States." in the preamble of the constitution read in tliq first draft of the constitution ns follows: "We. the. people of New Hampshire. Massachusetts. Ithode island, Connecticut. New York. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, do ordain, declare and establish," etc. Though ununiinously adopted by the convention, the wording hnd to be changed to "We. the people." simply because the constitution, which had dot as yet been ratified, was to go Into effect when ratified by nine states, and, not knowing which states were to rat Ify, the naming of the states was. o( course, out of the question.. THE INDIANS OF MEXICO. They are the Real Backbone of the Country. 1 There are more Indians living to- 4 ' day within the territory originally ' compirsing Mexico than ever existed at any one time in all the rest of the 1 Western Hemisphere combined, according to a bulletin issued recently by the National Geographic Society of Washington. "Of the 15,000,000 inhabitants of ! Mexico fully 38 per cent are pure In- ( di'ans, and 43 per cent of mixed, only 19 per cent being whites," continues the bulletin. "These six million Indians, many of whom are descendants of that wonderful race, the Aztecs, are divided into many linguistic families and tribes, the number varying according to the standards of differentiation adopted by each enthologist. Some authorities group them into fourteen 1 families, with fifty-one languages and sixty-nine dialects, while others make I sixteen family divisions, sub-divided into one hundred, thirty-two tribes. "The degrees of civilization to be found among the many tribes are asf : e 11- - > v</iiioiiiiik liiii^uiK i rum inc aojeci ( Seri Indians of Sonora, as pitiably *< undeveloped as the Indians of Terra ?i del Fuego, to the highly developed and 4 splendid specimens of manhood found < among the Nahuati and Maya tribes. ** "The finest examples of aboriginal ?> , civilization on the North American 4 continent wefe to be found in the 1 neighborhood of the present city of ^ , Mexico, with the possible exception < of that prehistoric race of temple 4 builders whose ruins dot the Yucatan < peninsula. It was on the site of the capital that the Toltecs left their im- <5 print from <550 A. I), to the twelfth 4 century when the Chichimecs, a 4 cruder tribe, replaced them, not by < conquest but because the Toltecs died ^ . out, some antiquarians attributing 4 their gradual disappearance to the j ravages of pulque, the insidious drink J that has ever been the curse of that , country. <! "Then came the highly civilized 4 Acolhuas, and a few years later, be- J fore the opening of the thirteenth *< century, the Aztecs began to pour in, ?> leaving in their wake, as they came 4 1 up the plateau, the remarkable struc- \ tures now known as the ruins of < Casas Grandes. They built Tula, < 1 fifty miles north of Mexico City, and 4 ( eventually founded Tenochititlan, on < ' a site selected for them by the gods, < according to legend the sign being 1 an agle perched on a clump of cacti, 4 with a serpent in its talons. It is 41 this sign which remains today the na- ^ tional emblem, appearing both on the ! coins and on the flag of Mexico. "One of the most interesting le- 4 ? gends about the tribes from which J the Indians of today are descended is \ i that recorded of the Colhuas, who are _ 1 supposed to have enslaved the I Aztecs during the latter'^jrjjgrato^ iaiv.il u11 me piuiuuu. ine conqueror ors soon released their enemies be- ? 1 cause they were horrified at the Aztec's custom of offering human 1 sacrifices to their gods. s( "It was largely to the cooperation ^ of the Elazcalans, a neighboring tribe, that Cortez owed his triumph over the Aztecs. The latter were as brave and as chivalrous soldiers as 111 v/ere the Spanish adventurers who n< enjoyed the decisive advantage of u' gunpowder and horses, both ot which were unknown to the natives. " The generosity of the Axtecs as fighting men is exemplified in a single incident, [.earning that the en- P1 emy was without food, the Mexicans *c dispatched an ample supply of provisions, because they scorned to ficht 01 a starving foe! "The majority of the pure-blooded Indians of Mexico are a quiet, somewhat melancholy people. Even on holidays, of which they are 131 on the Mexican calendar, they move si lently among the crowds, the men either barefooted or wearing woven sandals, their shoulders covered with . their striped sarapes, and the women S1 with their dingy blue rebosas wrap- a. ped about them. In attire the younj? Rirls, like the children of Holland, are miniature replicas of the mother*,. "The pure-blooded Indian of the 81 remote reRions untouched by eivi- w lation is more frequently than other- ^ wise a stalwart individual of upright character, moral, honest, and loyal. One of the finest examples of his race was Benito Juarez, a mem- 8J ber of the Zapotecas tribe of Oavaca. f" He was by turns a shepherd, a stu dent of divinity, Rovernor of Oxaca, J.1 minister of justice, and finally president of the republic. ?' "Porfirio Diaz, the outstandinR fiR- J* ure in Mexican history durinR the last quarter of the nineteenth century, was also born in Oxaca and accordinR to his official bioRrapby was onefourth Indian, however, some Rene- g aloRists hold that he was more nearly three-fourths Indian." A GOOD MAN NEVER DIES. ti A Rood man never dies? ?! In worthy deed and prayer, | And helpful hands and honest eyes, If smiles and tears be there; Who lives for you and me? I f , m , ... - o i^ives ior tne world; he tries , To help; he lives eternally. J!, Atfood man never dies? ^ Who lives to bravely take , His share of toil and stress, And for the weaker fellow's sake . Make every burden less; , He may at last seem worn, Lie fallen, hands and eyes \ Folded?yet, though we mourn and lf , mourn, ? ? A ffood man never dies. 1 ?.James Whitcomb Riley. ^ Instead of speaking his own mind many a man echoes his wife's. il I IMotl f Gives Up | Those i?? i Union Cou % J 1 f ;j $10 TO I Purchasers I* I have many [ promise big adv; ? People from oth C buying up the | County people 1 ; buy and buy qu I be between ten i one hundred dol > ( Let me show : offering. _ I E. F. > "XI SKELETONS IN FLORIDA. **** oy Uncovers 300 Headless Relics of Indian Sacrifice. Master John H. Yeates, 13-year-old >n of Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. eates of Rochester, brought up a unian skull here while dijarprinj? for lit. It had been buried for a long me and looked as though it was ade of weatherstained wood. It did it take on the appearance of bone ntil after several hours exposure to le air. The cheek bones were high, le jaw unusually prominent and the >rehead low and sloping. The youngster's mother, who hapens to be a geologist, sent the skull ? the Smithsonian institution and in je time got word that it came from ie of the early Indian tribes. Meantime Mrs. Yeates had been oking up Florida history and her sung son had been doing some more igging. The .result is that they have iscovered on the# grounds of their inter home on Jupiter Island, near aim Beach, a mound containing the jmains of about 300 human beings, keletons in rows three deep, all in a umg posuion, lacing the east, form large hollow square, inside of which es a mass of human bones, all of the culls having been severed from the unks. Because of this and other gns Mrs. Yeates believes that they ere victims who had been decapiited. "After the abolition of the slave ade in 1808," said Mrs. Yeates, Florida became a resort for pirates, nugglers and slave traders, and bore lat character until it was acquired y the United States through the eaty of 1819. In 1817 frequent eolsions occurred between the whites ad Indians and thus began the Semlole war. It is probable the victims elonged to the wild period preceding merican rule." STII.I. CATCHING BIG FISH. ixteen Hooked at Georgetown Weigh 450 Pounds. Georgetown, June 5.?The bass connue to run and the fishermen are till after them in earnest. Albert ord set the pace for numbers and toil weight some days ago with nine ig fellows totalling nearly 80(1 ounus. i ms put the others to work nd it appears that Charles Congdon as gone Mr. Ford one better. Mr. ongdon and Mr. Siau, the man with le record of a forty-eight pounder, ave just caught off the South Jetty f> big fish that weigh 450 pounds. Of tese Mr. Congdon caught ten, the 'eight of which was 267 pounds; Mr. iau's six weighting 183. The sport i groat and every day the fishermen re busy and the fish seem to get irger. Mr. Congdon caught a 39ounder among his ten. It's a good thing to have a tempei ' you know how to handle it. VVyVVV T WV V V V V her E Her Rich Tr : Who Undei Her Secrets TP x uiy rami juar irchased at frc $20 PEE i Are Offered I small Farms listec ancement in price in er sections of the S Union County lar would investigate, 1 ickly. The range oi ind twenty, but bet lars per acre before ; you some of the re ft KEL tie Land Ma AN ORDINANCE Prohibiting Livery Stables, Motor Vehicle Garages or Gasoline Filling Stations and Such Like Business on Main Street. Be it Ordained, Etc.: Form and after the passage of this Ordinance it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation: Section 1?To carry on the business of a Livery, Feed or Sale Stable; an Automobile or Motor Vehicle Garage Sales or Display Room in any building fronting on Main street between Church and Judgment streets; Section 2?To construct, erect or bury any pumping-station or tank for filling Motor Vehicles with gasoline or oil on Main street between Judgment and Church streets. Section 3?Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of i this Ordinance upon conviction shall | be fined in any sum not exceeding one hundred dollars or sentenced at hard labor on the chain gang for a term not exceeding thirty days. Done and ratified in Council Assembled this 24th day of Mary, 1916. L. C. Wharton, Attest: Mayor. W. D. Arthur, Clerk and Treas. 22-3 Secretary of the Interior Lane worked as a newsnaner rennrfpr i>uuipicic : : : PALMETTO DRU6 GO. The Money Savers UNION, S. C. > i arth! & easures to f rstand I T T T y y Lds may be % im 4 L ACRE 1 X Casy Terms % T x I with me that % the near future. *f ?* tate are rapidly * Lds. If Union X ;hey too would X : price will not ween fifty and a great while. X sal values I am y x X X Y - L Y | in95 j Y secure funds to study law. t \ 1 I V Truly this Establishment is one at which your wants can be readily, perfectly filled with just what you desire at just prices?for our stock i of Stationery, Drugs and Drug Sundries are indeed really comprehensive and r Don't Fail to See Us For Plumbing Tin Roofing Guttering Well Curbing Paints and Oils Stoves and Ranges We SeU for Less, Quality Considered Union Plumbing and Electric Co. Phone 205-J k WL "V Some people think anything tiresome that is a duty. .