Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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j ^ ^ ^ \ -If Ilj UNION'S ADVANTAGES. XX IF XT 1V1 X /X 1VT TX1 X "X X X^ POPULATION OF UNION- j Two cotton (total cajxioity 100,- I I?I li I X I fi I I I /1 IJ I n IL 'I I I 1 1 I I I VI |ij n," r *- -"-A -*T XJ J? 1 J. " -L 1 1 J-i K,/? | .. ; IQL XLV1H. - .N0. l& J UNIO*, SOUTH CAROLINA, MAY 10, 181)8. * ~ SI A YEAR: W . yiLUAN ft. trescot; ^ - DEATH Ojff'TIIB FAMOUS PI PI/) " Ar?ra2>ISuui^rart?o!!!a?^! * '.i:asasts^rta . $fWe telegrams were receired %ere y?rt?rd*v announcing the death oi th* Hoa. WiUia?' $enry Treeoot, whodied athia homtf in Pendleton VMSerditT after a nrathatad illnpfH. In him the State lost ohe of Itoe.most - >, brilliant men ever born within her borders. No man in America perhaps - ; Iri* ever more closely associated with * " * great public questions than he had Been. Nowhere in America is there "to be found today a more skilled and . thorough diplomatist than he was. 7"\ " Mr; rreicot was born in Charles .^4onon the 10th day of November. E822, being the son of the late Henrv Tretecot, of this city. After attending the city schools he entered the College of Charleston, and graduated from that institution in 1841 delivering an address then on the "Theory of Government, which attracted much attention and prepared his native community to expect-much from him. Entering the law office of his uncle the late Mr. Edward McCrady. he devoted the next two years to the olmltf r\ f Ilia .1 r\ <1 ifno it 11 OIUUJ ui 1110 juuit^iuu, nuu w a.^ im* rnitted to the bar in 1840. While yet a law student Mr. Trescot began to wander from the beaten track of ordinary law studies and dipping into the musty pages of long unopened books of black letter law that catuo in his way, began to lay the foundation for the great knowledge of his profession that characterized his career in later life. His pet study was international law and diplomacy, and the first fruit of his studies in that line was a book which he published in 1840, under the title, 44 A Few Thoughts on tinForeign Policy of the United States." This work attracted a great deal of attention in America at the tiinc. and was soon recognized as an authority of the first rank Following this in 18.r>2 he published a work on the 4,Diplornacy of the Revolution," an historical study which was gotten out by the Appletons. of New York. In I8.r>2 and 18f>3 he was secretary of legation at London, where he availed himself of the opportunity to make a careful study of European diplomacy and to prepare himself for the work that was ahead of him. AV liile in London he wrote and published a letter to the Hon. A. P. Butler, then United States Senator from South Carolina, on the diplo rnatic history of the United States. IJ rnnro r.linl nnf il frtil.i tr no An<i nuivu JO IV^IIIMVU until l'"?av rtl mi*' of the most valuable contributions to American history. In I8o4 there appeared from his pen, l,An American View of the Eastern Question," which he had made himself fafniiiar with while in Europe. Three years later, in 18f>7, he published "The ^ Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams," ana in l delivered an important address before the Historical Society of South Carolina. These works all having met with marked favor and established the standing of the young Charlestonian as an authority upon diplomatic matters he was selected by Gen. (lass for the position of Assistant Secretary of State of the United States when he became Secretary of State under President Buchanan. Here he displayed marked ability, and when in 1850 Gen. Gass's health I failed in the following .June he be. came acting Secretary of State, and ami was practically regarded as Secretary ot State. lie was now well | on toward the top of the ladder. \ Recognized in every part of America as one of the leading, if not the leading diplomatist in the country, already practically at the head of the foreign affairs department of the government and still under forty years of age, lie had every reason to anticipate a bril lmnt career, tilled with the highest honors. His prospcets were shattered however, by the breaking out <?f the war, w hich found him in the assistant Secretary of State's ollice at Wash ingt<>n. It is only natural to support that he viewed the Masting of hiprospects with the keenest disappointment. But above all things he 1 I always been a devoted lover ' native State. In one of his h addresses (his essay on ticn. ' Eliott) he gives voice to th \ \ > * f * w . '/ / which is well known to have char* acrerixed his life, by saying that the political teaching'* of a-South Carolinian oottld be summed up in the injunction, "Love South Carolina." Resigning his' prospects for advancement. therefore, he offered his service ro his State in any capacity that he could serve her, and was chosen by the State authorities, with whom he had been in close touch since the troubles of the South began, agent for the State in Washington, where he discharged the difficult duties of the office for .some time. During this period he kept a journal of events which is one of the most valuable contributions to the history of the times to be found in America. When hostilities began Mr. Trcscot returned to South Carolina and became an aide on the staff of Gen. Itiplcy, in which capacity he served for some time. Prior to the war lie and President Davis, of the Southern Confederacy, had been intimate friends, but now Mr. Davis refused to recognize his claims to position, and made an exception in his case to the rule that he applied to others who ijuit the service of the United States to enter that of the Confederacy, which was to give them the same position which they had held under the old government. It, was never known why Mr. Davis refused to listen to the claims of Mr. Tres cot, hut such is the fact. II is apitAitifrnnnf wuc in*iro/] vw\t a?i!i? l?r |iVll.k?IVUV ?.? i he Representatives and Senators from South Carolina, but those from Virginia and other States, but was not even considered, lie was par. tieularly urged for a place on the commission which was to be sent to England, as an associate of Messrs. Ma>on and Slidcll, but President Davis could not be induced to appoint him. Afterwards Messrs Mason ami Slidcll requested him to go with them informally, but he felt com pebcd to decline, us he felt that he was not desired by the President to aid in the work of the commission. Soon afterwards Mr. Trcscot retired to his farm near Pendleton, became a member of the Legislature of the State and of Governor Magrath's stall'. At the close of the war he was a contestant for the Governorship, being opposed by Ex.Governor John L. Manning and Mr Jus. B. Campbell, the latter of whom was elected. In 1874 Mr. Trescot removed to Washington, whetc he soon became connected with the department of State in the capacity of counsel. This connection lasted a number of years and led to bis connection with s unc of the most prominent international cases that have arisen since the war. llis first work of this kind was in 1877, when he was appointed counsel of the United States on the Retiring Straits fishery commission, which met at Halifax, N. S., in that year. In 1880 he went to China as one of the commissioners appointed to revise the treaties between that country and the United States. In 1881 he was appointed by the Secretary of State to contiuuc and conclude the negotiations with the Colombian minister and the proctoeol in refeience to the rights of the United States on the Isthmus of Panama. In November, of the same year, he went by special appoint inent as envoy of the United States to the belligerents in South America, Chili, Bolivia and Peru, to ar range the terms of a peace between them, and in August of the follow, ing year was appointed, with (Jen. U. S. (J rant, to negotiate a commercial treaty with Mexico. Since then he has occupied a prominent place in the diplomatic circles of Washington for the settlement of the special tax claims. Mr. Trescot married, 1848, Elizabeth Natile, the daughter of Mr. Thomas Cuthhcrt, of Beaufort, whose magnificent library was confiscated by the Federal authorities and placed in the Smithsonian Institute, from which the family have never been able to recover it. He left, besides ) i 1 vi u* 1 In oat\q nr*il d.. . - .-1. MitV) vui vv QUIIO auu tv?u UilUJ^IIters. Mr. Trcscot'8 masterpieces of literary style are said to be his eulogies on Gen. Stephen Elliott and .Fames li. Petngru. By many of the best authorities he was regarded as one of the best writers of English in America, and the inscription on the Confeder monument in Columbia, "v ' 'ten by him, is regardpiece of work and ' example of such writing t?e found in America. 1 Mr. Tilcot's health had not been 0 food sincjghe went to Peru in 1881, 0 aving bAi permanently effected ii by the hA^hips which he suffered a while traflling from one point to si another tflLugh the snow-covered 0 mountainain tho backs of mules. s< Tiro yean ago he retired to his ii farm at ftndleton on account of tl his healths-News and Courier. e IE WHEELER. His RecordIs a Hard Fighter in the ,| Service if the Southern Confed- r eracy-Received the Thanks 0 4 South Carolina. Maj. 0|h. Joseph Wheeler was born in .ligusta, Ga., Sept. 10th, 0 183G, and graduated at the United j1 States miliary academy at West . Point in l$f>0. II was a lieutenant M of cavalry in New Mexico in 18(51: K' when he rtjigned to enter the CJon- s federate s?rtice. lie became a lieutenant of artillery in the Confederate ,s army, then Ju colonel of infantry, a ? brigadier g?enl and a major gen- ^ eral and finally a lieutenant general of cavalry. He commanded the cavalry eorp> 'j of the Western army in 180:2 and was made senior cavalry general of *1 f i- . ' iir . 11.1. S me v^oiiineraie armies .m:iv mhi. j 18G4. lie declined a professorship of philosophy in the Louisiana semi- o nary in 1S6 anil in 18GU became a tl lawyer in Alabama. lie was a representative in con ?' gress from that State in the forty- ? seventh, forty-ninth, fjfty-first and tl fifty-scventk congresses. As a cau'rv officer he ranked wirh h Generals Tied ford Forrest and .1. K. ' B. Stuart 3id the Ferleral general, tl Sheridan, though he was younger than either of them. At -<> ytsars D of age he received the thanks .f* el the Confederate congress f?>r his w magnificent service and of South " Carolina fir defending Aiken. 1' He was Both a strategist and a fighter, nui&cious. tireless, aggrossive, the intimation of energy. !! 11 was present at Pensaoola and cap- ' tured Prentiss* division at Shilo'n, covering tie retreats from Sliiloh. ?l Corinth ani Perryville and winning ?l cotnmendaton from the Confederate f;i generals. He turned Uo-eeran'* flank at Mitrfrees' oro, cap airing #ul troops and wagons and destroying 1,1 gunboats and supplies lie destin- *' guished himself at Chickamauga and 81 after the battle made his famous raid 1' around Boseeran's rear, destroying 1.-00 loaded wagons. In the Etst Tennessee campaign, tr the retreat irom Mission Hidge and ti the struggle from Chattanooga to l>; on _ o Atlanta, he performed prodigies of .a valor, capturing great wagon trains v< and thousands of heef cattle and oi thwarting Cook's great raid. g During Sherman's march to the w sea General *> healer defended .Macon o| and Augusta and hung on Sherman's course through the Carolinas, there- I' hy evoking President Davis' com- g< inendation. General Wheeler was tl wounded three times and had his ni horse shot under him, and seven of ti his stall* officers were killed and three a were wounded. As a nat'O ial 1 gis- a lator he has exhibited the traits that si distinguished him as a soldier,? ai Greenville News. T li THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ,j Thousands in Number, of (Ireat Extent 1' and with Millions of Inhabitants. , b The winning of a great victory l>v s< American sailors in the Philippine T Islands. and the probability that the ' ii government of those islands, at least 'I for a time, will devolve on the Tinted t> States, has made them a centre of ai interest here. Almost exactly our d antipodes, little has been known of 01 them in this country. Vet they are ei large and po ulous, and their posses. 1 q sion wouhl he of enormous value to j a any country whose commerce entered w any part of the Pacific Ocean. ' ei The Philippine Archipelago has p an area of 114,3ld> square miles from ' latitude f>.*24 to 1P.48 N.. and from ' longitude 117.-1 to 1 -<>.x R. It (, is bounded on the North and Last hv ;1 the Pacific Ocean, by the Sooh o and Celebes Seas on the South and by ; "\ the China Sea on the West. The a islands, which extend North and |. South from Formosa to llorneo and j( the Moluccas, arc more than l.'Jht)lM, in number, hut most of tlm*^ , mere rocks of vol^4nic orj?jn ' ( r llic principal islands are nine; Luzon, Mindanao, Saniar. Panav Mindoro, Ley to, Negros, Cchu ami ? * -T V f : Joliol. Luzon, with more t!mn 40, 00 aqunro mile-*'and nearly 5,000, 00 inhabitants, is by far the mos m porta nt of all the islands of th rchipelago. Ptfiav, with 4,7 4 quarc niiles.-has a population of 1 00,000, nnd Mindanao, with ?>2.00 quare miles, has scarcely 200,00 nhabitants. The total popufation c be archipelago has been variousl stimated at from 7,000,000 to 0, 00,000. The Philippine Archipelago wa iscovered in 1521 by Magellan, wh ied in the same year from wound eceivetl in a light with the nativi f the island of t 'ebu. The name of Philippines was give o the islands by Ydlnlobos, in bono f King Philip II, but Spain's dotn ution over the islands was not firm y established until many years latei hen Miguel Lopez de Legazpi wn i'iit there fiom Mexico with fou hips and a nutn< reus foice. In 1570 Legazpi conquered th (land <^f Luzon and ibunded the cit f Manilla, which soon became th Capital of the archipelago. Th 'hilippines have since remained i ic hands of Spain. Manilla, how ver. was captured by an Englis eet in lTtil!, ami retained for fiftee lontlis, when it was returned ti pain. The Negritos or Papous, a savag ml rept.Live people, were probabl le aboriginal inhabitants of th rehipelago, but only ti few thousun f them remain, scattered in band ver mountains and forests, wlier iev took refuge from die invadin Ial ay Indians, who now form th nlk oftlie island-' population. Tiics udians are divided into two tribe: ie liisuyans and the Tagals. The Spanish residents of th binds number scarcely tS,UU0, ex lu-ive of the army contingent, whiel .is considerably increased at til me ?)f ilie recent robe.lion in tli rovinoe of Cavitc. There are a Is niMidier of ?'hinc-e and half-breed: 'I !' 1 .... I I? r hi- i ;ui<i disin jiu.s arc <>i nl<l disposition, gentle and docile hey engage in fishing ami ngricul ire. and practice some fine brancln f industry such as the liiaiiulactur I' beautiful mats ami elegant linei ibries. 1 lie commerce of the islands i 1111 <t tntirel\ carried on by foreign is, clnellv tiermans, English an .mer.cans. The chief exports ar igar, hemp, tobacco and copper, an ie imports rice, Hour, wine and pt 'oleum. The soil of the Philippines is ex einely fertile. Among the ngricul iral products are sugar, indigo, tc neco, rice, millet, maize, sago, hem iol cofi'ee. Besides the fruits am pgetaldes of all tropical countries ihers from nmre temperate region row well, and timber as well as dvc ood and gums abound in every on f the isiatnls. No wild beasts are found in tli hilippines: but the lakes ami la oons, of which there arc many, an ie marshes swarm with crocodile ml snakes A species of bulfalc ic carabao, is found in the island? i.d used l*?r all purposes of tiling lid husbandry. llorsos, small bu irong. pigs sheep, goats anil wil lei domestic fowl are also foune 'he rivers and lagoons abound i sh. Swallows build edible nests i le ehulk cliffs and parrots and pi<] arts are met with in all the island" The climate is hot, but tempore y great moisture. The rainy sea >n lasts from May to November 'he mean temperature is SI degree i summer and 71 degrees in winter 'Ire island of Luzon is subject t ,'pboons, which blow between Ma ir-1 I,)t'cember, often causing gresr extinction to shipping and propert n shore. Kartlujuakes and volcani ruptions are freipn nt. In the earth uake of lt?b? d.OOO lives were losl ml those of 17t>-, ISlJ and l*r ere also destructive ol life and prop rtv. In that of June, 1 Mid, 1,00 ersotis perished. Manilla, the capital of the arclii elago, has *J>0,t)0" inhabitants H tier cities are lanag. Li pa, llan ng. llatangas. Ley to and Cavite. With the possible exception c I a i > 11 la. where signs <1 rivili/. icioi 10 found. owiii^ t.) the pi-; hp?" Inj'lish, Herman ;,ml * lrnts, tho - , "?.i?Mnro: t mntry is in ;i conditio primitive as when the Spanis nm (tiered it. throe hundred yeai 8m The (ioverrnnont has hecn increl ltont upon enforcing its uuthorin ml nothing has Icon done towai developing the vast resources of the islands. Education has been syste* it math-ally dispensed with. The nume her of natives who know how to read - and write is lamentably small, and still more limited is the number of 'I those who know how tosneak Snanish. 0 Public instructien is in charge of >f the religious societies, which, in self, y defence, take gmd care to keep the - natives in complete ignorance, so as better to dominate them. In this is they succeeded until the well-to-do o classes began to send their children Is to he educated abroad, when the s country began to open its eyes and realize the oppression to which it was n subjected. r A propaganda was then started in i- every one of the islands against the - intolerable abuses of both the clergy r, and the Government. s The natural consequence of this ir was that the jails in every town be gan to be filled with men accused of c '-crimes against the Church or the v State " Many were put to death e and thousands were transported. The e revolutionary prcucliiii<* was, never' n theless; carried on incessantly, until '- it culminated in the formidable uph rising which took place in Cavite in n 1871, and which was soon smothered a in blood.?New York Sun. COMMODORE DEWEY. e y What is Said About the Man Who c> Whipped the Spaniards at flanila. To most of us Commodore Dewey's name was an unfamiliar one until the war with Spain broke out. Hut there are many naval ollicials who have known and admired him for years, and these men are unanimous in their ' praise of him. Ex-secretary of the Navy Herbert is quoted as saying : It is said, and is very true, that a , gentleman is very much the same in any country, and Dewey would be recognized as a gentleman the world over. lie is affable, polite, unpretentious and above all, a true friend. ' We have many good men in our navy. | nut there is not one of them bettci nticci ior arduous service than ho. and 1 am glad lie lias had his opportunity." What a contrast to the Spanish idea of the typical American! The Madrid papers have been printing cartoons in which the pig is the s fav-rite symbol of the hated Yankees j Uncle Sam is invariably represented as an uncouth personage, as far re j moved as possible from one who would be "recognized as gentleman the world over." It is distinctly gratifying to feel that the man who routed the " Spanish ships at Manila is the kind '* ol person who will commend us as something more than mere fighters to I' the world at large. 1 Ex.Secretary Whitney is unqual' died in his praise of the Commodore. s "1 know Dewey well," hesays. "lie is a personal friend of mine. lie is e a man of great intellect and daring. He is skilled and in naval warfare as ? is no commatidcr of the Spanish navy, - and he is, to my mind, the equal of any naval officer of any country. I s think lie is so regarded by officers of b our navy generally. lie has all the shrewdness of the Yankee that ho is, (> hailing as he does from Vermont, " and all the intrepid daring of a Westerner." Ex'Secretary Tracy adds; "lie was " one ol my favorite officers. lie was " my chief of the bureau of equipment. ' lie is a brave officer, and his great victory is just what I looked for from '' him. 1 knew he would acquit him' sell' mill niltr.lHi.ti.. I" ?' - ??\i ill lilt* ' hour of need." From those three opinions of of" ficials who had occasion to enter into 0 close relations with him, it is evident y that Commodore Dewey has long bee**, 1 known as jus; *ho kind of man he )' has just proved himself to be. He (' was a hard lighter in the day* of the ( '* civil war, he has been a close student , ; of naval problems since that time, - his studies have been various, inelud 1 itig shore and sea servioe, and taking him all over the world, and these years o,f travel have kept him from i- getting into a rut and becoming ? provincial. lie is not of the *",ac. - sart tyijeof officer, (ml -c |,kc V?m all the better for *?int. He is just ; 1 ^ y M Collected American, courtcin address, calm in time of danger, >f bold in the execution of his plans, s- and daring enough to undertake enit terprises that might daunt other comh manders. llis victory at Manila rs shows the intrepid qualities we iiave admired in harragut, hut what an v added touch of dignity there is in r. Secretary Herbert's characterization d of him us a gentleman ! Wm. A. Nicholson RESPECTFULLY \ BANKING BUSINESS &Y A.nd promise you the best pr<< isn A JL JL Visit our Big Sho< OXFORD The largest lines NEW GOODS, i UNION g_ Prices \ Prices printed in the papers do not > tell the whole atorv. Our Prices represent the most your money can buy. Our Men's and Boys' Spring Suits. Must be seen to be appreciated. ; The superior merit of our Suits is the Fabric Because it will bo just as we lepre- ' sent it to be ^AlUWool-^ Tailoring Because the insides are tailored with as much care and thought as the outside. Style iieottuse they are just as the Stand- ; nrd of Spring *98 dictates. Fit Because we take as much pains as the l>est merchant tailor to measure you properly. Will others do as much. Can they do as much. We are agents for the celebrated Manhattan Shirts. Call and see them. SMITH CLOTHI SPECIAl A big lot of Dry G are now being offeree SPECIAL LC I am not waiting season to make reduc them now Mit*??T Y Have jrst opened ery and glassware. C bargains. M'LU CATAPHORESIS. m DR. H. K. E N T Crown and ?Xlf Bridge Work. ? \ \ a \ BOI*lt03l*CCaOIOMHH?B? \ l & Son. Bankers Jl* SOLICIT YOUR OUR FIRE INSURANCE, ? * ' tcction and the best service. . TE? 2 Store for your J ties, I to sel?ffi|v from. xl 3LLL STYLES. ] HOE (XX 1 i NG COMPANY. . SALE. oods, Millinery, etc, I at >W PRICES. until the end of the >tion. You can buy CHEAP. a new lot of crockJome in and pick up I RE'S. > ELECTRICS. SMITH, I S T.^, g Union, S. C. M